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Scientific Note Notes on Priacma Serrata (Leconte

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Scientific Note Notes on Priacma Serrata (Leconte See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311959219 Notes on Priacma serrata (LeConte, 1861) (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) Article in The Pan-Pacific Entomologist · October 2016 DOI: 10.3956/2016-92.4.210 CITATIONS READS 0 179 1 author: William Shepard University of California, Berkeley 123 PUBLICATIONS 479 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Description of previously unknown larvae of Elmidae genera from Colombia View project Elmidae (Hexapoda) form Rio de Janeiro, Brazil View project All content following this page was uploaded by William Shepard on 09 January 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST 92(4):1–3, (2016) Scientific Note Notes on Priacma serrata (LeConte, 1861) (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) In 1861 J. L. LeConte described the species Cupes serrata from three beetles from Oregon (Barber & Ellis 1920) and in 1874 erected the new genus, Priacma LeConte, for the species. The type is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. The type bears four labels: a blue circle, a red square (“Type 3682”, handwritten number), a white rectangle (“Priacma serrata Lec.”, handwritten) and a white rectangle (“MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology”, typed). There is no date of collection. Priacma is the only extant member of, fi rst, the Tribe Priacmini (Crowson 1962, Atkins 1979) and, latter, the Subfamily Priacminae (Lawrence 1991). Several fossil species of Priacma are known, including four recently described from China, (Tan et al. 2006). Priacma serrata has never had its biology described (Hörnschemeyer et al. 2013). Early accounts mention males coming to the odor of bleach (Edwards 1951, Atkins 1957). This has led to its common name as the “Priacma bleach beetle” (Wild 2008). The species is reported from fi r forests (Edwards 1951, Ross & Pothecary 1970), from a hemlock [Tsuga (Endlicher) Carrière] (Ross & Pothecary 1970) and from montane forests (Young 2002). Crowson (1962) reports P. serrata has been found under the loose bark of trees. Ross & Pothecary (1970) described mating adults, eggs and fi rst- instar larvae. “An entirely empty and defl ated gut” was found in specimens dissected by Atkins (1957). Hörnschemeyer et al. (2013) described the functional morphology of the mouthparts and speculated on how the stout mandibles are used. They also reported empty intestines. The unusual male genitalia are illustrated and described by Edwards (1953a, 1953b). Other morphological studies include: wing structure (Atkins 1958), head structure (Hörnschemeyer et al. 2002) and the thoracic skeleton and musculature (Baehr 1975). The females are rarely collected (Atkins 1979) and are much larger than the males (Ross & Pothecary 1970). During our annual insect survey work in the Sierra Nevada of California, the author and Cheryl B. Barr have occasionally set out a pan of a commercial solution of bleach (sodium hypochlorite, unspecifi ed percentage) to attract Priacma serrata. The locality is: CALIFORNIA: El Dorado County, 1 mile east of Pacifi c House (N38 45.57’ W120 29.51’; 1180 m). The local vegetation is a mixed pine/fi r/hardwood forest. The locality is on private property adjacent to the El Dorado Irrigation Ditch. Over the 26 years of our study we have collected P. serrata during the months of May, June and July. On 12 May 2016, we collected 171 adult P. serrata as they came to bleach. All of the adults were males. There were no male-male aggressive interactions observed, as suggested might happen by Hörnschemeyer et al. (2013). However, because the range in sizes was remarkable (Fig. 1), it was decided to further examine the specimens. Because some specimens suffered some damage, the length and width of the right elytron was measured as a surrogate for overall size. The elytra were measured with an ocular micrometer in a dissecting microscope. The range in elytron length was 7.3–13.7 mm, with a continuous distribution. Elytral width varied from 1.3–2.7 mm. The ratio of elytral length to elytral width varied from 4.6–6.6, in a bell-shaped curve with a long tail on the larger side and a mode of 5.1. Twenty-fi ve of the specimens 2 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 92(4) Figure 1. The smallest and largest Priacma serrata collected on 12 May 2016. The smallest is 9.6 mm total body length and the largest is 12.5 mm total body length. had the intestines dissected to look for evidence of food. All 25 specimens had empty intestines. Additionally, the intestinal tracts all had multiple places where the tract was greatly withered, so there could be no passage of food had the adults eaten any food. Specimens from the following museums were examined to record the months of collection: Essig Museum of Entomology (University of California, Berkeley), Bohart Museum of Entomology Collection (University of California, Davis), California Department of Food & Agriculture (Sacramento), California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco), California State University (Sacramento) and the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts). Their specimens were collected in April, May, June and July. While we have collected every two or three weeks during the spring of most years, and almost all of our specimens of P. serrata were collected during single large collection events. Other museums with large numbers of specimens also have the great majority of those specimens collected during similar large collection events. Thus it appears that adult emergence of P. serrata is highly episodic. A similar situation occurs in riffl e beetles (Elmidae) where growth is modulated by food availability and development is modulated by temperature (Shepard 1990, 1992). This would account for the simultaneous occurrence of very large and very small adult P. serrata. 2016 SCIENTIFIC NOTE 3 Acknowledgments. I thank Joyce Gross for the photograph of the two males. I also thank two anonymous reviewers for their benefi cial comments. William D. Shepard, Essig Museum of Entomology, 1101 Valley Life Science Bldg., # 4780, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 U.S.A., e-mail: William. [email protected]. LITERATURE CITED Atkins, M. D. 1957. An interesting attractant for Priacma serrata (Lee), (Cupesidae: Coleoptera). The Canadian Entomologist 89(5):214–219. Atkins, M. D. 1958. Observations on the fl ight, wing movements and wing structure of male Priacma serrata. The Canadian Entomologist 90:39–347. Atkins, M. D. 1979. A Catalog of the Coleoptera of America North of Mexico. Family: Cupedidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook Number 529-1, 4 pp. Baehr, M. 1975. Skelett und Muskulatur des Thorax von Priacma serrata Leconte (Col.: Cupedidae). Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere 81:55–101. Barber, G. O. & W. O. Ellis. 1920. The beetles of the family Cupedidae of America, north of Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 28:197–208. Crowson, R. A. 1962. Observations of the beetle family Cupedidae, with descriptions of two new fossil forms and a key to the recent genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5:147–157. Edwards, J. G. 1951. Cupesid beetles attracted to soap in Montana. The Coleopterists Bulletin 5(3):42–43. Edwards, J. G. 1953a. The peculiar clasping mechanisms of the phallus of males of Priacma (Cupesidae, or Cupedidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 7(3):17–20. Edwards, J. G. 1953b. The morphology of the male terminalia of beetles belonging to the genus Pri- acma (Cupesidae). Bulletin Institut Royal des Sciences naturalles de Belgique 29:1–8. Hörnschemeyer, T., R. G. Beutel & F. Pasop. 2002. Head structures of Priacma serrata Leconte (Coleoptera, Archostemata) inferred from X-ray tomography. Journal of Morphology 252(3): 298–314. Hörnschemeyer, T., J. Bond & P. G. Young. 2013. Analysis of the functional morphology of mouth- parts of the beetle Priacma serrata, and a discussion of possible food sources. Journal of Insect Science 13(126):1–14. Lawrence, J. F. 1991. Cupedidae (Archostemata) (= Cupesidae), pp. 298–300. In: Stehr, F. W. (Ed.). Immature Insects. Vol. 2. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co. Dubuque, Iowa, 975 pp. LeConte, J. L. 1861. New species of Coleoptera inhabiting the Pacifi c district of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 13:338–359. LeConte, J. L. 1874. On the Cupesidae of North America. Transactions of the American Entomologi- cal Society 5:87–88. Ross, D. A. & D. D. Pothecary. 1970. Notes on adults, eggs, and fi rst-instar larvae of Priacma serrata (Coleoptera: Cupedidae). The Canadian Entomologist 102:346–348. Shepard, W. D. 1990. Microcylloepus formicoideus (Coleoptera: Elmidae), a new riffl e beetle from Death Valley National Monument, California. Entomological News 101(3):147–153. Shepard, W. D. 1992. A redescription of Ordobrevia nubifera (Fall) (Coleoptera: Elmidae). The Pan-Pacifi c Entomologist 68(2):140–143. Tan, J., D. Ren & C. Shih. 2006. First record of fossil Priacma (Coleoptera:Archostemata: Cupedi- dae) from the Jehol Biota of western Liaoning, China. Zootaxa 1326:55–68. Wild, A. 2008. Friday beetle blogging. Available from Myrmecos, https://myrmecos.wordpress. com/2008/11/21/friday-beetle-blogging (accessed 25 June 2016). Young, D. K. 2002. 1. Cupedidae Laporte, 1836, pp. 19–21. In: R. S. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley & J. H. Frank (Eds.). American Beetles, Vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, D. C., 443 pp. Received 5 Aug 2016; Accepted 4 Oct 2016 by F. W. Shockley; Publication date xx NUMBER 1 OF 1 AUTHOR QUERIES DATE 22/11/2016 JOB NAME PPE ARTICLE 2016-36 QUERIES FOR AUTHORS Shepard There are no queries. View publication stats.
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