AV6-R-Aug20141.Pdf

R E C I P R O C A T I N G E N G I N E S

® 1 R E C I P R O C A T I N G E N G I N E S Purpose Spark Plugs ...... 2-18 Product Features ...... 3 This service manual presents recom- Design Features ...... 3 mended service, handling and recondi- Spark Plug Type Designation System ...... 4 tioning practices to assure economic, Typical Types of Electrode Construction ...... 4 satisfactory operation from Champion Operating Period ...... 4 Aerospace spark plugs and oil filters. Selection Criteria ...... 5 Proper service and handling can help Reach ...... 5 lengthen the time between replacement Heat Rating...... 5 Shielded Terminal Designs ...... 5 periods, while reducing unscheduled or Electrode Conditions ...... 6-9 emergency replacements. Electrode Wear Patterns ...... 6-7 Included are ways to analyze spark plug Carbon Fouling...... 8 performance through examples of Oil Fouling...... 8 adverse effects from certain engine Lead Fouling...... 8-9 operating conditions. You will also find Bridged Electrode Gaps ...... 9 Cracked Core Nose ...... 9 application information and spark plug Operating Data ...... 10 type selection criteria, as well as useful Preignition ...... 10 references to supplemental Champion Detonation ...... 10 publications. Connector Well Flashover ...... 10 Improper Gaskets ...... 10 FAA/PMA Approved Installation Procedures ...... 11-12 Preinstallation...... 11 Champion Aerospace products are manu- Outside Gaskets ...... 11 factured in accordance with standards Anti-Seize Compound ...... 11 established by the Federal Aviation Installation ...... 11-12 Administration. Correct Socket Tools ...... 11 Spark Plug Connector Installation ...... 11-12 Dow Corning Compound Application ...... 12 Removal Procedures...... 12-13 Shielded Terminal Connectors ...... 12 Unshielded Terminal Connectors ...... 12 Spark Plug Handling ...... 12 Reconditioning Service ...... 13-18 Preliminary Visual Inspection ...... 13 Degreasing ...... 13 Cleaning the Firing End ...... 13-14 Model 2600A Vibrator/Cleaner...... 13 Model CT-475AV Cleaner/Tester ...... 14 Cleaning the Barrel End ...... 14 Cleaning the Terminal Wall ...... 14 Cleaning Connector Seats ...... 15 Firing End Inspection ...... 15 Cleaning the Threads ...... 15 Gap-Setting Tools and Procedure...... 16 Model CT-482 Erosion Gauge ...... 16 Model 2500A Gap-Setting Tool ...... 16 Model CT-415 Gap-Setting Tool ...... 17 Model CT-457 GAP-SETTING TOOL ...... 17 Model CT-408 Gap-Setting Tool ...... 17 Testing Tools and Procedures ...... 18 Model CT-475AV Cleaner/Tester ...... 18 Tester Calibration ...... 18 Preservation and Storage ...... 18

Oil Filters ...... 19-26 Product Features ...... 19 Aircraft Engine Oil Filters ...... 20 Benefits of Efficient Engine Oil Filtration ...... 20 Oil Filter and Efficient Element Design ...... 20-21 Champion Replacement Elements ...... 20 Filter Media ...... 21 Dirt-Holding Capability ...... 21 Resistance to Collapse ...... 21 Champion Full-Flow Spin-On Filters ...... 21 Champion Aviation Engine Oil Filters...... 22 Lycoming Replacement Filters ...... 22 Semi-Depth Type Filters ...... 23 Element Removal and Installation Procedures ...... 23 Housing Removal ...... 23 Cleaning and Lubrication ...... 23 Assembly ...... 23-24 By-Pass Filter System ...... 24 Full-Flow Filter System ...... 25 Oil Filter Sludge Inspection ...... 25 Over Pressurized Lube Oil Filter ...... 26 Supplemental Information ...... 27

2 R E C I P R O C A T I N G E N G I N E S

3 S P A R K P L U G S Spark Plug Type Designation System

All Champion Aerospace spark plugs are Typical Spark Plug Number with Symbol Explanation identified by type designations as indicated on the following spark plug number and symbol chart. The symbol is composed of a rating position number, together with prefix and suffix numbers to indicate major plug design characteristics. RHB37E Typical Types of Electrode Construction

Resistor Electrode Design None — No Resistor None — Conventional Single R — Mil Spec. E — Two Electrode Massive Resistor — Erosion N — Four Electrode Massive Two-Prong E Protection Ground Electrodes S — Single Electrode (Iridium) B — Twin Electrodes R — Push-wire - 90' to Center Y — Projected Core Nose

Fine Wire Barrel Style Heat Rating Position None — Unshielded Low Number — Cold E —Shielded 5/8" - 24 Thread High Number — Hot H — Shielded 3/4" - 20 Thread (All-weather Plug)

Mounting Thread Reach Hex Size Projected Core Nose B - 18mm 13/16" (2.06cm) 7/8" (2.22cm) M - 18mm 1/2" (I.27cm) 7/8" (2.22cm) J - 14mm 3/8" (.095cm) 13/16" (2.06cm) L - 14mm 1/2" (I.27cm) 13/16" (2.06cm) U - 18mm 1-1/8" (2.85cm) 7/8" (2.22cm) N - 14mm 3/4” (1.90cm) 13/16” (2.06cm)

Two-Prong B Tangent Operating Period Checking spark plug gaps and deposits at to Center The useful operating life of a spark plug appropriate regular intervals is crucial to varies greatly with operating conditions, preventing engine misfires. Since plug engine models, ignition systems and deterioration can vary with operating spark plug types. Scheduled service conditions, the operating period could intervals should be established by the increase somewhat or be sharply individual operator. reduced, depending on manufacturer gap width recommendations, increased It is normally recommended that spark voltage needed to fire the gap or deterio- plug gaps and deposit conditions be ration of magneto components and checked at 50-hour intervals. In addition, Single-Ground ignition harness. Electrode Automotive removal time specifications are usually Gap Configuration available from the engine manufacturer and may be supplemented by past experience with a particular engine model. 4 S P A R K P L U G S Selection Criteria

Champion Aerospace spark plugs are manu- Heat Rating Shielded Terminal Designs factured within all military and commercial The heat rating of a spark plug is the Shielded terminal connections are used standards established for aviation spark measure of its ability to transfer heat re- on aviation spark plugs to prevent radio plugs. All plug types are designed to meet ceived from the combustion chamber to interference by the engine ignition system. specific engine and aircraft requirements for the cylinder and engine cooling system. The current industry standard is the all- thread size, reach , heat rating, shielding The correct heat rating for the engine weather 3/4"-20 spark plug, although and terminal connectors. design ensures that the plug operates some engine models are still equipped The following Champion application cool enough to prevent preignition but with 5/8"-24 spark plug connectors. We catalog and charts display in red print warm enough to resist accumulation of strongly recommend that these ignition the recommended spark plugs by aircraft conductive, plug-fouling deposits. harnesses be modified and updated dur- and engine model for the most Champion aviation spark plugs are ing engine overhaul to accept the im- satisfactory service. available in a wide range of heat ratings proved all-weather spark plug. • Champion aviation catalog AV-12 to meet all engine and operational requirements. • Champion pocket size catalog AV-14

• Champion wall chart AV-33 A hot-type spark plug has a longer core The all-weather design uses an improved nose and transfers heat more slowly than terminal seal with greater terminal well Reach a cold-type plug. insulation that prevents entry of moisture. The reach of a spark plug is the distance from the shell gasket seat to the end of the shell threads. A proper-reach plug ensures that the electrodes are appropri- ately positioned in the combustion chamber to ignite the fuel-air mixture, based on requirements of the cylinder head design.

3/4"-20 All-weather Shielding Barrel Hot Type with Connector

➤

Reach

➤

Shell threads are furnished in 14mm- and 18mm-diameter, long reach and short reach. Thread Diameter Long Reach Short Reach Cold Type 5/8"-24 Shielding Barrel 14mm 1/2" 3/8" with Connector 18mm 13/16" 1/2"

5 S P A R K P L U G S Electrode Conditions

Normal erosion of spark plug electrodes high temperatures in the combustion to determine if proper heat-rated plugs are can be expected because of the constant chamber. However, excessive center elec- being used. Also check whether engine blasting effect of the high-voltage current trode erosion is not normal, and should timing and operating procedures conform jumping the gaps and corrosive gases and you observe such erosion, check carefully to manufacturer’s recommendations. Electrode Wear Patterns

Fine Wire Electrode Massive Electrode

Normal Electrode Condition. •Insulator tip gray, tan or light brown. • Few combustion deposits. •Electrodes not burned or eroded. •Proper type and heat range plug for engine and service. • Spark plug should be cleaned, regapped and tested before reinstallation.

Normal Worn-Out Condition. •Electrodes eroded by high-voltage sparking and by corrosive gases formed during combustion to less than 1 /2 original thickness. • More voltage needed to fire spark plugs - often more than ignition system can produce. • Replace with new Champion aviation spark plugs.

Severe Worn-Out Condition. • Excessively eroded center and ground electrodes plus extensive necking of fine wire ground electrodes indicate abnormal engine power or plugs long overdue for replacement. • Check fuel metering and magneto timing. •Discard spark plugs and check heat range before installing new ones. • Replace with new Champion aviation spark plugs in appropriate heat range.

Other conditions that cause excessive electrode erosion are constant magneto-polarity firing and capacitance after-firing.

Electrode Wear Patterns Spark Plug Fired Positive Spark Plug Fired Negative Adverse Ground-Electrode Wear Adverse Center-Electrode Wear Constant polarity occurs with even-numbered cylinder magnetos. One plug fires with positive polarity, causing excessive ground-electrode wear, while the next plug fires negatively, causing excessive center-electrode wear. Capacitance after- firing wear is caused by the stored en- ergy in the ignition-shielded lead unload- ing after normal-timed ignition. To equalize this wear, keep spark plugs in engine sets, placing them in trays identified by cylinder locations. After servicing the plugs, rotate as indicated in the following illustrations.

6 S P A R K P L U G S Electrode Conditions

REM37BY Electrode Wear Spark plug caddy layouts for four-, NOTE: Four cylinder engines equipped While providing excellent protection and six-cylinder opposed engines. Swap with single drive dual magneto fire with against lead fouling, the projected core the long-lead spark plugs with the constant polarity, therefore, it is not nose design on the REM37BY lends itself short-lead plugs, as shown, at each re- necessary to rotate plugs to maintain to an unusual wear pattern. This wear condition overhaul to equalize wear even electrode wear. You may wish to condition shown below constitute caused by constant polarity and high rotate top to bottom to minimize criteria for spark plug replacement. capacitance. deposit build up.

New REM37BY

Worn REM37BY

Compare typical wear patterns to new REM37BY. Center-electrode bottlenecking. Erosion adjacent to the ground electrode is the result of electrical erosion and chemical corrosion. Replace with new Champion aviation spark plugs. Ground-electrode erosion. Ground electrodes eroded to knife-edge pointed condition. Replace with new Champion aviation spark plugs.

7 S P A R K P L U G S Electrode Conditions

An engine’s spark plugs can reveal a lot also reveal the cause of adverse cylinder- Champion CT-446 pre-numbered spark of information about how the engine is piston conditions. plug tray, placing each plug in the correct running. Many times, examining the position in the tray. When removing spark plugs from an used spark plugs can be useful in diag- aircraft engine, it is necessary to keep Some typical adverse conditions that nosing the cause of engine roughness or track of each spark plug’s corresponding cause spark plug malfunctions are shown other erratic engine operating conditions. cylinder number, so you’ll be able to here. For more detailed illustrations, refer In some cases, it may be that it is simply relate any diagnosed problems back to to the Champion check-a-plug card, Form time to change the spark plugs, but the the appropriate cylinder. Mark the AV-27. type of wear the plugs experience could cylinder number on each plug or use

Carbon Fouling power slowly to normal magneto-check satisfactory magneto check, idle the Carbon fouling can be identified by power and hold for one minute before engine and check idle mixture for proper sooty, black deposits indicating that the making the magneto check. With a adjustment. spark plug is operating too cold. Com- mon causes of carbon fouling can be Fine Wire Electrode Massive Electrode both fuel- and ignition-related. Typical fuel-related causes to look for are over-rich fuel mixture, excessive idle or excessive operation at closed-throttle idle. Other causes might be improper idle mixture setting or improper (too cold) spark plug application. Ignition-related causes of carbon fouling include improper magneto timing, a failing lead or failed spark plug. After replacing the faulty spark plugs, and as an additional aid in cleaning up any partially fouled plugs, increase engine

Oil Fouling If the oil fouling condition is persistently engine condition of faulty rings, dam- Oil fouling deposits appear as wet, black repetitious and is found on both spark aged piston or worn valve guides, may carbon deposits on the firing end. Oil plugs of a cylinder, a possible adverse be present, requiring corrective action. fouling deposits are conductive at all temperatures and will cause plug misfiring Fine Wire Electrode Massive Electrode under all power conditions. It is not uncommon to find this condition in mild form on lower plugs of some horizontal opposed engine models or in lower cylinders of radial engines. It may be caused by oil draining by the piston rings and collecting in the combustion chamber during extended engine shut- down periods. Such mild conditions can usually be cleared up by cycling the engine with slow increases of power until misfiring stops.

Lead Fouling Under normal conditions, the lead light tan to light brown in color. A causes severe lead fouling, which oxybromide deposits from the tetraethyl- darkening of these colors near the core appears as hard cinder-like globules of lead (TEL) of high-octane aviation fuels tip indicates adverse temperature lead on the firing end, and in time will form an even, fluffy coating ranging from conditions. Mal-distribution of the TEL gradually fill the firing end cavity.

8 S P A R K P L U G S Electrode Conditions

Severely fouled spark plugs, like those Replace the malfunctioning spark plug use, but if severely fouled like these shown here, will operate colder, causing with a serviceable unit. shown, they should be scrapped. misfires, and will also misfire at higher If not too severely fouled, removed spark power because of the conductive nature plugs can be reconditioned for further of the deposits at elevated temperatures.

Fine Wire -Electrode Massive Electrode

The REM37BY Extended Core Nose spark plug does not prevent the accumulation of lead deposits, but its design makes it capable of firing with severe lead deposit buildup.

Bridged Electrode Gaps In rare circumstances, free combustion corrected only by replacing the malfunc- Normally, the removed plug can be chamber deposits will lodge in, or bridge tioning spark plug with a serviceable unit. reconditioned for further use. the gap, as a fused deposit, shorting out the spark plug. Such a malfunctioned Fine Wire Electrode Massive Electrode plug will misfire at all powers in a manner similar to an oil-fouled plug. To clear out small carbon particles lodged in the gap, cycle the engine with slow increases in power until the misfiring stops, as for mild oil fouling. The bridged gap condition shown represents a gap bridged by a beaded lead globule. Such a condition will not clear up by engine operation and can be

Cracked Core Nose Normal engine operation cycles thermal Fine Wire Electrode Massive Electrode shock to the core nose, and insulator materials and designs are chosen to avoid core nose cracks from such thermal shock. However, occasional abnormal engine operation will exceed even the built-in safety factors, resulting in infrequent core nose cracking. The typical cracked core nose condition shown may be caused by improper cleaning or gapping procedures and by detonation. These conditions are discussed in detail elsewhere in this manual.

9 S P A R K P L U G S

10 S P A R K P L U G S Installation Procedures

Preinstallation

Even though electrode gaps are preset to Gaskets running onto the electrodes. Anti-seize manufacturer’s specifications, it is good M-674 compound can cause the spark plug to practice to spot-check gap settings to 18mm Solid Copper misfire if it contacts the electrodes. ensure that they have not changed M-677 during shipment or handling. 18mm Folded Steel N-673 Gaskets 14mm Solid Copper

Always install both new and recon- CAUTION: Thermocouple gaskets, when used, ditioned Champion aviation spark plugs should be carefully removed from the spark plugs with a new copper gasket. Champion without damaging or breaking the thermocouple wire leads. Usually only one thermocouple gasket is gaskets are manufactured to prevailing used on an engine, and no regular gasket is required military and commercial aircraft standards on this particular spark plug. to ensure proper seal and heat transfer. New spark plugs are packaged with a Anti-Seize Compound Applying anti-seize compound. new gasket. The new gasket numbers Apply anti-seize compound sparingly to shown are available for reconditioned the firing end threads but never to the CAUTION: Never apply anti-seize compound to the spark plugs. first thread, to prevent the material from terminal threads of the shielding barrel.

Installation Install only one new gasket on the spark CAUTION: To prevent possible internal cracks to the Correct Socket Tools plug before inserting it into the cylinder insulator, always support socket and wrench to ensure against putting side loads on the spark plug Use the correct tools for installing aviation head. When a thermocouple gasket is shielding barrel. spark plugs to prevent spark plug dam- used, no other gasket is required. age during installation and to ensure Engine Manufacturer Ft.-lb. In.-lb. proper operation. Always use a six-point Teledyne Continental 25-30 300-360 socket such as the Champion CT-907 to avoid damage to spark plugs. As shown, Textron Lycoming 35 420 12-point sockets can contact the terminal Pratt & Whitney Aircraft 25-30 300-360 thread area and damage the threads. Wright Aeronautical 35-40 420-480 Enough side pressure exerted on the shielding barrel can crack the insulator, causing the plug to misfire. Spark Plug Connector Installation

The key to successful installation of the Tightening spark plugs with torque handle. connector onto the spark plug is keeping Turn the spark plug by hand into the everything clean and dry. cylinder head to within one or two threads of the gasket. If this is not pos- • Handle terminal sleeves only with clean, sible, the cylinder head threads need dry hands. cleaning. Remove deposits from the • Before installing the connector, wipe it cylinder head threads with a thread with a clean, lint-free cloth moistened in clean-out tool until hand tightening to methylethylketone, acetone, wood one or two threads of the gasket is pos- alcohol or naphtha. sible. Using the proper-size deep-socket Correct Incorrect wrench with a torque-indicating handle, •Inspect all terminal assemblies and CT-907 Socket Socket Type tighten the spark plugs to the torque replace those showing evidence of limits specified by the engine manufac- mechanical or electrical failure. (If Dow Spark Plug Installation turer. Corning Compound is to be used, see next section now.) Always visually check the spark plugs Avoid over-tightening to prevent damage before installing them. Check the firing to the spark plug and bushing. If a • Make certain that the inside of the spark end for ceramic cracks or foreign matter, torque-indicating handle is not available, shielding barrel is clean and dry. and inspect the condition of the threads. use a handle no more than 10 in. long. •Without touching the connector or Never install a spark plug that has spring with the fingers, insert the assem- been dropped. Throw it out NOTE: 14mm spark plugs should be bly in a straight line with the spark plug. immediately. torqued at 20-25 ft.-lb. (240-300 in.-lb.). 11 S P A R K P L U G S Installation Procedures

• Screw the connector nut into place A clean dry connection is strongly until finger-tight. recommended. For the technician who •Tighten an additional 1/8 turn with the insists on using a lube, we have found proper wrench, as shown. Damaged that Dow Corning DC 3452 Compound threads or cracked shielding only can be used with 5/8”-24 spark barrels may result if the connector plugs. Apply a thin coating with a clean nuts are over-tightened. brush or cloth to the clean connector. Remove any compound from the • If an open-end wrench is used, avoid shielding barrel threads to ensure an excessive side load while tightening. adequate electrical bond between the •Where an unshielded ignition system is spark plug and the shielded lead. used, inspect the cable connector for cleanliness and good mechanical Do not apply DC3452Com- condition. Then wipe the exposed Using Leadmaster T-Handle wrench. insulator with a clean, dry cloth before pound with the fingers and do attaching the terminal to the spark not place any quantity of plug. compound in the spark plug • Check the security of the connector barrel. with a light pull; use safety wire if required.

Using Leadmaster straight-handle wrench. CAUTION: DC 3452 Compound may be used on silicone connector materials as well Proper application is essential to as on neoprene. Connectors and spark plugs can be damaged normal spark plug life. It is unlikely by careless installation. that a Champion Aviation harness will ever require a lubricant for installation. Removal Procedures Shielded Terminal Connectors See the chart on page 11 for wrench sizes required to remove Champion To remove shielded terminal connectors, aviation spark plugs. Always use a six- loosen the elbow nut with the appropri- point socket, such as Champion CT-907 ate size crow foot or open-end wrench. aviation spark plug socket, to avoid Pull out terminal sleeve assemblies in a damage to spark plug. straight line to avoid damaging either the wire, terminal sleeve or barrel insulator. Place removed spark plugs in spark plug Removing Terminal in a Straight Line trays to make handling easier and to Unshielded Terminal Connectors minimize danger of damaging electrodes, To remove unshielded terminal connec- threads and insulators. Be sure to tors, carefully pull them off the spark plug remove the gasket with each spark plug. terminal. If the ignition cable connectors It is good practice to remove spark plugs are safety-wired to the plug terminal, cut in pairs from each cylinder and to place the safety wire before removal. them in the tray by cylinder number. This Removing Spark Plug Spark Plug Handling pre-numbering system will simplify trouble-shooting should one or more Loosen spark plugs with the proper size spark plugs in a set be noticeably deep-socket wrench by seating the socket different in firing end appearance. securely on the spark plug hex. Do not cock the wrench, because damage to the insulator or connector threads could Champion CT-446 spark plug tray. result. Do not use an impact wrench. 12 S P A R K P L U G S Reconditioning Service

Successful reconditioning service of additional service period. Discard any Tools aviation spark plugs results in a spark plug with electrodes worn beyond plug possessing the following characteris- half their original thickness. Satisfactory reconditioning of spark plugs can be accomplished only with proper tics. • Satisfactory electrode contours. and adequate tools. Champion offers a •Firing and terminal barrel ends with •Properly gapped electrodes. complete line of required equipment for the cleanliness equivalent of a new •Electrically sound, based on passing this work. See the Champion aviation spark plug. prescribed tests. products catalog for details. • Mechanically sound. •Properly stored and handled. • Sufficient electrode material for an

Preliminary Visual Inspection Preliminary inspection of all spark plugs Electrodes too should be made before servicing to Connector seat and/or threads badly worn to at top of shielding barrel badly eliminate those obviously unfit for further permit satisfac- nicked or corroded. Terminal tory regapping. service. Discard all spark plugs with any barrel sleeve cracked. of the following defects.

Shell hex mutilated.

Terminals on unshielded spark plugs badly worn., burred or Ceramic in the firing end or damaged. shielding barrel chipped or Threads on shell badly nicked, cracked. damaged or corroded

Degreasing

The recommended method of degreas- CAUTION: After degreasing, dry all plugs with an air ing spark plugs is the solvent method, blast. Any oil or solvent present in the firing end or connector well of the spark plug will cause packing using synthetic or petroleum solvents of abrasive between the shell and the insulator such as Stoddard Solvent or Varsol. Do during abrasive blasting. not use carbon tetrachloride. Do not soak spark plugs in solvent and keep solvent out of the shielding barrel.

Cleaning the Firing End Model 2600A Vibrator/Cleaner Operating Instructions •Lightly work the plug against the cutter The Champion Model 2600A vibrator/ •Install proper cutter head and align blade with a right-left rotating motion. cleaner for aviation spark plugs is specifi- firing end of plug. Move the cutter The vibrating action will release the cally designed to remove heavy lead blades past the ground electrodes into loosened lead deposits through the deposits which are difficult or impossible the firing end cavity. To allow the firing end of the plug. Do not force to remove from the firing end of the fine wire cutter blades to pass freely between the plug against the cutter – fastest and massive electrode plugs with stan- the ground electrodes, one or more cleaning is accomplished with the dard abrasive blast cleaning. may require finger-bending adjust- blades picking at the deposit surface. Each Model 2600A vibrator/cleaner ment. •After the deposits are removed, use an comes equipped with accessories for •With moderate pressure, hold the plug abrasive cleaner to complete the clean- cleaning fine-wire and two-electrode in line with the cutter blades. Firmly ing process and ensure that all conduc- plugs. depress the cleaner switch with the tive material has been removed from other hand. the ceramic insulator.

13 S P A R K P L U G S Reconditioning Service

CT-435A CT-435F CT-435A Assembly Fine-Wire and Two-Electrode CT-435F Replacement Cutter Blades. Fine quality, steel cutter blades are available for Model 2600A under Champion Part No. CT-435F. CAUTION: If you are cleaning a large number of spark plugs in a small restricted area, wear a mask to prevent inhaling abrasive dust.

Cleaning the Firing End (cont’d) Model CT-475AV Cleaner/Tester The CT-475AV requires P/N 91893 • Continue wobbling action and press Abrasive Compound, 15-ounce size. black button labeled Air Blast to • Select the proper size rubber adapter remove abrasive particles from the and secure in place with the hold- spark plug firing end. down cap. • Remove and inspect the spark plug. If •Insert spark plug into the rubber cleaning is incomplete, repeat the adapter and press red button labeled cleaning cycle. Abrasive Blast. Wobble the top of the plug in a complete circle for three to Cleaning firing end with model CT-475AV five seconds. Cleaner/Tester.

Cleaning the Barrel End Model CT-475AV Cleaner/Tester •Insert the barrel end approximately half • Remove and inspect the spark plug. If the length into the rubber adapter and cleaning is incomplete, repeat the press red button labeled Abrasive Blast. cleaning cycle. Rotate the plug for three to five seconds. • Pull the spark plug up until barrel threads • Do not attempt to remove rest against the rubber adapter. Con- terminal contact screws. tinue rotating action and press the black button labeled Air Blast to remove abrasive particles from the barrel end. Cleaning barrel end with Model CT-475AV Cleaner/Tester

Cleaning Terminal Well Solvent Method Other Methods •Wet a second swab with solvent only Clean shielding barrel insulators with a If solvent alone does not remove stains and clean out all residue. Then blow cotton or felt swab saturated with Stod- from the barrel insulator, you may use out the shielding barrel. dard Solvent, wood alcohol or methyleth- abrasives such as Kennecott Corporation’s ylketone. Do not use carbon tetrachlo- Aloxite (325 mesh sieve fineness), Bon ride. Swabs should be approximately Ami or finely powdered flint. 5/8” x 1” x 3/16” in size and should proj- •Dip the swab in the solvent and then ect slightly beyond the end of a slotted in the abrasive. Scrub the barrel insula- holder to safely clean the terminal contact. tor with a twisting motion long Do not use a metal brush for cleaning. enough to remove the stains.

14 S P A R K P L U G S Reconditioning Service

Cleaning Connector Seats Clean the connector seat located at the •After cleaning, thoroughly blow out top of the shielding barrel to ensure a the shielding barrel with an air blast. satisfactory seal and shield bond when Examine the shielding barrel for cracks the ignition lead is installed. and discard those plugs showing • If solvent alone does not remove dirt evidence of damage. and rust from this chamfered surface, use fine-grained garnet or sand paper. Do not use emery paper. • Hold the spark plug in a partially inverted position to prevent abrasive Connector seats may be cleaned with fine- particles from entering the shielding grained garnet or sand paper. well.

Firing End Inspection Use a suitable inspection light. A lighted magnifier is an excellent aid in making these examinations. • The firing-end insulator must be thoroughly clean. • Shielded spark plugs must also have thoroughly clean terminal wells. • Spark plugs must be thoroughly dry to eliminate all traces of solvent.

Inspecting firing end.

Cleaning the Threads

Cleaning threads with a rotary brush. With a wire hand brush. Do not wire brush firing end.

Clean the threads on the shell and •Plugs with badly nicked threads should CAUTION: If using power-driven brush, do not use shielding barrel with either a wire hand be discarded to avoid damaging the wire size exceeding 0.005” diameter. NEVER BRUSH brush or a power-driven brush. cylinder-head bushing. THE INSULATOR OR THE ELECTRODES. Wire brushing the electrodes will cause the metal to flow. • Inspect the threads for condition and Wire brushing will cause side pressure on the nose size with a suitable ring gauge. Slightly insulator tip. This may result in hairline cracks that damaged threads may be restored to a could develop into insulator tip fractures. A fractured suitable condition by using a #2 three- insulator can cause preignition and piston burning. cornered file.

15 S P A R K P L U G S

16 S P A R K P L U G S Gap-Setting Tools and Procedures

Gap Setting with Model CT-415 Tool

The Champion CT-415 gap-setting tool NOTE: Use GT-204 Adapter (cadmium plated) for gap- adjusts two-electrode E Type and four- ping 18mm spark plugs. Use GT-208 Adapter (gun met- electrode N Type, both short- and long- al blue) to gap REM37BY spark plug. reach spark plugs. • Adjust gaps by applying pressure on the ground electrode only. •To avoid the possibility of fracturing the insulator ceramic, always remove the wire feeler gauge while actually adjusting the gap. Do not attempt to open gaps that are too close. Spark plugs with gaps accidentally set too closely over 0.004” less than recommended) require special attention and work. Request instructions for this special work from Champion aviation service Setting one gap at a time with Model CT-415. department.

Gap Setting with Model CT-457 Tool To gap fine-wire (platinum or iridium) CAUTION: Do not bend iridium electrodes excessively. spark plugs, use the Champion CT-457 Iridium is a very brittle material and fractures easily. It isn’t necessary to regap iridium plugs unless gap ex- gap-setting tool. The spark plug can be ceeds .019. supported in a vise-mounted socket wrench as shown, or hand held in place. •Place gap-setting tool slot on the ground electrode and carefully adjust the gap, making sure not to disturb the center electrode. • Check gap clearance with the Cham- pion CT-450 gauge. Setting should be 0.015 GO and 0.019 NO-GO. Setting gap on fine-wire spark plug.

17 S P A R K P L U G S Testing Tools and Procedures

Testing Spark Plugs with Model CT-475AV Cleaner/Tester • Select the proper size steel adapter and Tester Calibration bottom of the electronic control install in test chamber. Finger tighten module just until the arc is extin- the serviced plug into the compression • Set a new RJ12YC to 0.035” guished. chamber. (0.9mm) gap. The unit is now properly calibrated for NOTE: Air leakage at the adapter or spark plug •Install plug in the pressure chamber, all plug testing. threads helps facilitate steady control of air pressure increase the pressure until indicator and permits the exhaust of ionized air. NOTE: Champion recommends this needle reaches 125 psi. calibration procedure at least once a year. • Connect the high-voltage lead to the • Adjust the voltage control on the shielding barrel contactor. Insert in barrel end. ABRASIVE SHIELD 14MM •Press tester switch button and observe 94486 RUBBER ADAPTER ADAPTER spark jumping gaps satisfactorily. Open 9157 HOLD-DOWN CAP 18 MM 92463 tester air valve until gauge indicates the RUBBER ADAPTER proper pressure for the gap setting on 92203 COMPRESSION GAUGE 94523 the plug being tested. Observe satisfac- ABRASIVE tory spark. BUTTON AIR CONTROL (RED) VALVE KNOB Voltage required to spark the plug gap varies SET COMPRESSION directly with the electrode gap opening and 92401 AIR-BLAST CHAMBER bomb test pressure. To ensure satisfactory plug BUTTON 93330 (BLACK) operation in the engine, the plug being tested ADAPTER 14 mm should spark steadily at the following gap 18 mm 91299 settings and their corresponding test pressures. ADAPTER 91096 VIEWING PORT IGNITION LEAD Electrode Gap Test Pressure (psi) SHIELDING BARREL 0.016 135 CONTACTOR SWITCH BUTTON 92487 0.019 115 94783

Preservation and Storage To preserve reconditioned spark plugs, equipped with new gaskets. If tubular ordinary light bulb for storing spark plugs use a rust-proofing compound meeting cartons are not available, install new over long periods of time. This storage the requirements of Specification MIL-C- gaskets and thread protectors, wrap method is particularly recommended for 6529A Type III. Brush the compound plug in waxed paper and place in any damp, humid climates or near salt water. lightly on the shielding barrel and shell suitable carton. threads of the serviced spark plugs. If you are storing large quantities of Do not dip spark plugs in corrosion- spark plugs, place plugs in wooden preventive compound. boxes having suitable drilled partitions. Package spark plugs carefully for lengthy Label all storage containers with the storage or shipping to another location. plug type and gap setting. You may use individual tubular cartons Champion recommends using venti- for packaging reconditioned spark plugs lated storage cabinets heated with an

“ALOXITE” is the registered trademark of Kennecott Corporation. “LYCOMING” is the registered trademark of Textron Inc. “PRATT & WHITNEY” is the registered trademark of United “BON AMI” is the registered trademark of Faultless Starch/Bon “ROLLS ROYCE” and “AVON” are the registered trademarks of Technologies Corporation. Ami Company. Rolls-Royce PLC. “VARSOL” is the registered trademark of Exxon Corporation. “CONTINENTAL” is the registered trademark of Teledyne “GENERAL ELECTRIC” and “GE” are the registered trademarks of Industries, Inc. General Electric Company.

18 OilS P A R Filters K P L U G S

➤ ➤

Shorter Installed Height New Improved Wrench Shortened can height by ➤ Flats approximately 1/2", with Provides: secure fit, proper no impact to the filter torque, and easier removal. media’s performance.

Improved Spring Replaced old “leaf” spring with an improved coil spring design.

Thicker-Walled Can ➤ Increased wall thickness for improved structural integrity. Increased Lid Thickness Increased thickness of Stronger Center Tube ➤ seaming lid by approxi- Redesigned center tube for mately 35%, which subse- added strength, with quently provided for higher collapse pressures more burst and impulse testing. than double the current design.

Improved Baseplate New Inlet Design ➤ Thread Changed four-hole design Replaced cut thread with an

➤ to an eight-hole design for ➤ improved rolled thread, approximately 30% greater without affecting tolerances inlet flow area. on the thread dimensions.

Design Features

Champion Aerospace’s full-pleat, resin- wear. Because the oil flows through According to industry-approved tests, the impregnated micronic filter media traps many layers of locked-in fibers, there is no Champion oil filter traps more dirt and all harmful particles, including metallic migration of fiber material to clog engine harmful particles during its operating chips which result from abnormal engine oil passages or affect bearing surfaces. time than any other similar filter.

19 O I L F I L T E R S Aircraft Engine Oil Filters

Champion oil filter elements and spin-on Champion has been chosen as original We highly recommend their use to obtain filters are manufactured to meet or equipment supplier to both Teledyne specific details that apply to the require- exceed the specifications in ARP 1400 B. Continental Motors and Textron Lycom- ments of any given model engine or air- These specifications define uniform ing for all their reciprocating oil filter craft. However, this service manual parameters for the design, manufacture requirements. includes some cautionary notes and and testing of filters for general aviation Specific operational, maintenance and guidelines which should be taken into lubricating oil systems for aircraft-type inspection procedures for oil filters are account when servicing reciprocating reciprocating engines. In addition, contained in aircraft and engine manuals. engines. Champion Full Flow Spin-On Oil Filters

CH48111-1 CH48109-1 CH48110-1 CH48104-1 CH48108-1 CH48103-1

Lycoming Continental Lycoming and Continental CH48103-1 CH48104-1 CH48108-1 CH48109-1 CH48110-1 CH48111-1 TCM No. 649922 TCM No. 649923

Benefits of Efficient Engine Oil Filtration For all general aviation piston engines, the of these functions best with full-flow, filter- • Cooling. Internal engine parts (pistons, basic purpose of an engine lube oil filter is cleaned oil. rings, bearing surfaces) operating at to help supply a continuous flow of filter- • Lubricating. By maintaining a protec- high temperatures are an essential clean oil to vital engine parts. Clean lube tive film of lubrication between all fric- function of engine lube oil. Rapid oil of a type approved by the engine tional surfaces of vital engine parts transfer of heat away from these inter- manufacturer provides the best possible under all operating conditions. nal parts is increased by the aid of an protection for engine parts during the externally mounted oil cooler. • Sealing. By providing a film of heat- service life of the engine. resistant lubricant between piston rings, •Cleaning. A major function of lube oil is For maximum engine protection, the best pistons and cylinder walls necessary to to keep engine parts such as oil lines, working companion to engine lube oil is maintain proper compression and galleys, squirt jets, piston ring lands and an efficient oil filter, free of harmful combustion pressures, as well as protec- oil holes clean and open. Some ap- contaminants and performing its multipur- tion against harmful blow-by into crank- proved engine lube oils even contain pose job of lubricating, sealing, cooling case sections. special ashless dispersants to aid in and cleaning. Engine lube oil performs all internal engine cleaning. Oil Filter and Replacement Element Design Champion offers two types of oil filter cartridges to cover all existing aircraft piston engine lube oil system applica- tions. Replacement elements service engine-mounted or line-installed filter systems incorporating a permanent housing assembly. And a modern spin- on oil filter contains the element incorpo- CH48103-1 rating the valve mechanisms of anti-drain back valves and the pressure relief valve, sealed in a disposable housing. Champion replacement elements are manufactured to exact specifications required by the housing assembly system. Important design features of Champion aviation oil filters are described here. 20 O I L F I L T E R S

Filter Media Dirt-Holding Capability Resistance to Collapse

The filter media is a Champion exclusive Advancements in design and materials The Champion Aerospace design, with a high performance resin-impregnated in aviation oil filter manufacturing have corrugated, steel center tube supporting cellulosic/glass fiber composite paper produced a superior filter element at each convoluted pleat of the filter media, manufactured to rigid specifications to Champion Aerospace. Our own labora- results in a collapse-pressure rating assure uniform density and porosity. tory-controlled comparative tests, approximately twice that of other similar Preforming, convoluting and high- conducted in accordance with estab- filters. Substantially higher, this rating temperature curing transform the basic lished filter industry test procedures, offers a significant extra margin of structure into a durable filter medium that have shown that the Champion oil filter protection from failure under cold-start resists heat, shock and oil chemicals. The traps and holds more contaminants conditions. filter medium provides both surface and during its normal operating life than scientific depth filtration, because the oil other similar filters. flows through many layers of locked-in fibers. No migration of filter material is possible, so engine oil passages remain clear, and bearing surfaces are not affected.

Champion Spin-On Oil Filters

Champion spin-on oil filters contain the • Heavy, corrugated steel center tube • Heavy-duty steel mounting plate is same high-quality high-performance supports each convoluted pleat of the cemented, spot-welded and crimped element, without perforated wrapper, as filter element and produces a substan- to case. Even under abnormal oil our other oil filters – plus these design and tially higher collapse-pressure rating, temperatures and pressures, this performance features. twice that of other similar filters. primary, standard part of the filter •Wrench pad with 1’ hex, spot-welded • Maximum full-flow design, without assembly ensures freedom from to case, handles torque pressures far interference from center-bolt oil filter troublesome oil leakage when the filter beyond normal removal or installaton assemblies, provides increased oil is installed according to the instructions requirements. filtration each engine operating hour. printed on the case.

•Tough steel case provides exceptional ➤ ➤ strength to resist the high oil pressures Shorter Installed Height New Improved Wrench Flats Shortened can height by approxi- Provides: secure fit, proper torque, and which occur during cold engine starts. mately 1/2", with no impact to easier removal. Meets or exceeds engine manufacturer the filter media’s performance. ➤ specifications. •High performance resin-impregnated Improved Spring cellulosic paper is manufactured to Replaced old “leaf” spring with an improved coil spring design. rigid specifications, assuring uniform density and porosity. The high quality Thicker-Walled Can ➤ media is preformed, convoluted and Increased wall thickness for cured at a controlled temperature to improved structural integrity. Increased Lid Thickness form a durable, heat shock- and Increased thickness of Stronger Center Tube seaming lid by approximately chemical-resistant filter medium. It Redesigned center tube for ➤ 35%, which subsequently provides both surface and scientific added strength, with collapse provided for higher burst and depth filtration because the oil flows pressures more than double impulse testing. through many layers of locked-in fibers. the current design. Filter material cannot migrate to clog Improved Baseplate New Inlet Design Thread

engine oil passages or affect bearing Changed four-hole design ➤ Replaced cut thread with an

surfaces. to an eight-hole design for improved rolled thread, approximately 30% greater ➤ ➤ without affecting tolerances inlet flow area. on the thread dimensions.

21 O I L F I L T E R S Aviation Engine Oil Filters

Lycoming Replacement Filters Champion spin-on oil filters, CH48103-1 Lycoming engine models TIO-541, TIGO- drive dual magneto. One exception is and CH48104-1, are designed to replace 541 and direct-drive engines that have the 0-320-H2AD engine which uses oil filter element housing assemblies in the die-cast accessory case with single- Lycoming Filter Kit #LW-14969.

Models TIO-541 and TIGO-541. Models with Single-Drive, Dual Magnetos.

CH48103-1

CH48104-1

NOTE: Do not use flat gasket which accompanies element kit.

CH48212 Converter Stud

CH48210 Converter Plate NOTE: Replace gasket anytime converter plate is removed. Textron Lycoming now supplies the converter kit, formerly sold under Champion part no. CH48922. This kit is now available from CH48922 (54E23093) Spin-On CH48211 your Lycoming distributor under part no. Oil Filter Converter Kit. Converter Gasket 54E23093.

22 O I L F I L T E R S Aviation Engine Oil Filters

Semi-Depth Type Filters The filter media is usually resin-coated to All Champion Aerospace oil filters are impart special characteristics such as classified as semi-depth types. They strength and resistance to water and incorporate exclusive construction design temperature. Strength is especially features to provide the advantages of a important during cold engine starts. The full-flow engine oil filtration system under filter element experiences literally all engine operating conditions. thousands of pressure differential cycles A semi-depth type oil filter combines the during its life. During pressure pulsations filtration functions of surface- and depth- of the lubrication system resin impregnat- type filters. The most popular semi-depth ion provides desirable pore structure type oil filter incorporates convoluted or rigidity to retain media pore size and pleated paper filter media. This filter maintain filtering efficiency through flow- media is manufactured within closely fatigue resistance. controlled specifications to ensure efficient performance and uniform product quality.

Oil Filters Element Removal and Installation Instructions Housing Removal Cleaning and Lubrication •To remove filter housing from adapter, •Wipe clean all remaining filter housing cut and remove safety wires, loosen parts and the aircraft adapter. the hex head screw (1) and turn the •Lightly oil rubber grommets in the new entire housing counterclockwise. filter element (4), new copper gasket (2) • Remove nylon nut (8) which secures and new rubber gaskets (5,7) with coverplate (6). clean oil. • Remove coverplate (6) from case (3). Assembly • Remove hex head screw (1) from case (3). Push on threaded end of •Place new rubber gaskets (5,7) in the screw and pull out on screwhead side. cover (6) and seat properly. CAUTION: Do not mar or damage •Insert screw (1) through new copper threaded end of screw. gasket (2) into filter case (3) and stand upon screw head. • Remove and discard used filter element (4). • Carefully push element (4) over screw (1) into case (3) until bottomed. NOTE: Old filter element may be in- spected at this time by removing the •Place cover (6) over case (3) and outer body wrapper and observing the thread on the nylon nut (8) by hand. type of contaminant in the paper pleats NOTE: When the nylon nut is properly like wear particles or metal chips. Such threaded onto the screw, it will not inspection may help define potential protrude above the metal surfaces of the operating problems. cover. Do not use pliers or wrench. •Discard used rubber gaskets (5,7) and copper gasket (2). NOTE: Do not reuse old gaskets. Replacement kit contains new gaskets.

CT-921 Torque Wrench Oil Filter Installation and Removal

The one-inch ratchet can be used for installation of Spin On Champion Oil Filters. The CT-921 is also a torque wrench calibrated to the recommended installation torque of 17 foot-pounds. The torque wrench can be easily recalibrated. 23 O I L F I L T E R S Aviation Oil Filters

Assembly (con’t) Filter Torque Housing Manufacturer Ft./Lb. In./L.b •Install housing on engine adapter by turning the entire housing clockwise OF-71-A AC 20 to 25 240 to 300 until the gasket (7) seats against the adapter. OF-7-A AC 15 to 18 180 to 216 •Torque the screw (1) according to 1250406-1 Cessna 15 to 18 180 to 216 applicable values provided at right. OF-81-A AC 20 to 25 240 to 300 Always use a torque wrench and OF-8-A AC 15 to 18 180 to 216 tighten the screw to the specified OF-9-A AC 15 to 18 180 to 216 torque. C-294505 Cessna 20 to 25 240 to 300 • Check the gasket (7) for circular distribution around the edge of the NOTE: # of Turns Approximately = # of Ft./Lb. of Screw adapter. If not properly distributed, the gasket may have become unseated 1-5/8 to 1-3/4 15 to 18 during assembly and must be replaced. 1-3/4 to 1-7/8 20 to 25 NOTE: Do not use a gasket which has been unseated, since it is damaged and value as shown previously. The filter cannot be reused. A close check of the housing holds about one quart of oil. Description Part No. adaptor for warpage due to overtighten- Check oil level. Copper Gasket (2) CFO-240 ing is a must. • Complete assembly by safety-wiring the Flat Rubber Gasket (5) CFO-203 • Check for leakage by starting and screw (1) to the case (3) and the warming up the engine. Observe the case (3) to the adapter or engine. Square Rubber CFO-202 areas around the gasket seal to the NOTE: If spare copper gaskets or rubber Gasket (70 adapter and the screw seal to the gaskets are required, they may be housing. Turn off the engine and obtained by ordering Gasket Replace- recheck the screw torque for required ment Kit PN CFO-205, which includes: Bypass Filter System Most new aircraft engines are equipped bypass system sometimes known as a element, returning the filtered oil directly with, or have provisions to accept, a full- partial-flow system. to the sump. Therefore, as shown here, flow type oil filter system. However, The partial-flow bypass system filters only the oil passing through the engine some older model engines do not have about 10% of the oil through the filtering bearing is not filtered oil. these provisions. Instead, they have a

24 O I L F I L T E R S Aviation Engine Oil Filters

Full-Flow Filter System

Champion oil filters are designed for a full-flow oil system. This system positions the filter between the oil pump and the engine bearings, thereby filtering the contaminants from the circulated oil before it passes through the bearing surfaces. All full-flow systems incorporate a pressure-relief valve, which opens at a predetermined differential oil pressure Therefore, should the filter become clogged, the relief valve will open, allowing the oil to bypass and prevent engine oil starvation.

Oil Filter Sludge Inspection

Inspection of engine sludge trapped in spin-on oil filters has been recommended practice for many years. Service engi- neers of engine manufacturers, oil com- panies and licensed aircraft mechanics recognize the valve of visual inspection to help determine if internal engine wear or malfunction has occurred through inspection for metal or other contaminants within the engine oil system. Slightly tighten cutter blade Lift mounting plate to expose against filter and rotate 360°. complete filter media for CT-923 Oil Filter Can Cutter Repeat operation until inspection. mounting plate section The Champion CT-923 Oil Filter Can Cut- separates. ter is a useful tool for opening spin-on filters without introducing foreign material into the filter. Use the following rec- •After all ferrous metal particles have been ommended procedures to inspect full- retrieved with the magnet, pour the flow oil filters. remaining Varsol through another clean • Remove the filter from the engine and shop rag, and any nonferrous metals place it on a drain tray. Allow oil to should be detectable in bright light. drain through a clean cloth to determine if foreign material drains from the filter. • Using the Champion CT-923 Can Cut- ter, open the filter as shown here. • Using a clean plastic bucket containing approximately one pint of clean Varsol, swish the filter element around in the Varsol to loosen entrapped metal or other contaminants. • Using a clean magnet, work the magnet around in the Varsol. Ferrous metal particles in the solution should adhere to the magnet for inspection. 25 O I L F I L T E R S Over Pressurized Lube Oil Filters Have you ever had a filter that appears to be “BLOWN UP”? Looks like a balloon or the gasket is protruding from the base of the filter? Often the deformed filter is the only sign that a problem existed in the lube oil system.

The first thing you want to blame is the filter. However, if the pressure was sufficient to blow out the gasket or unroll the lockseam, the pilot may have experienced immediate and costly problems. This should be considered a non- airworthy condition.

A look at how a lube oil system functions will show that the oil pump creates oil pressure. A pressure-regulating valve controls the upper limit of this pressure, which is usually an integral part of the pump.

Figure 1 is a simplified diagram of the lube oil system showing the pump, regulating valve, filter and bearings.

Bearings The oil pump supplies sufficient flow to lubricate the bearings and other moving parts of the engine. This oil must be under pressure if it is to properly separate the highly loaded Spin-On Filter parts of an engine and prevent excessive wear. The purpose of the regulating valve is to provide a constant pressure for the system.

The regulating valve consists of a ball or plunger, which regulates pressure with the aid of a spring. The spring is calibrated so that the plunger will lift off its seat when the oil pressure reaches the desired setting. Once the valve is open, the pressure remains fairly constant with only small changes occurring as the engine rpm varies.

Pressure Regulating The filter and all other components in the oil system are Valve subjected to the pressure established by the regulating valve. in Open Position If this pressure is excessive, filter damage may occur. This is

Pump Bearings Excess Oil Spin-On Filter

NORMAL PRESSURE FIG. 1 the point that many mechanics that are not familiar with lube systems fail to realize. Just remember any blockage in the system can also send the pressure beyond what the filter can stand which is rated at 400 psi. Burst. Pressure Regulating Figure 2 shows the system operating with the regulating valve Valve Stuck stuck in the shut position. Under this condition the pressure in Closed Position will build up in seconds and unless something happens to relieve the pressure the filter will become the victim and not Pump EXCESSIVE PRESSURE the cause. With a high spike of pressure the gasket will blow FIG. 2 out or the lockseam will unwind as the pressure increases.

In conclusion, if a filter distorts due to over pressure in the system, the fault might be the regulating valve Not the filter

Courtesy of Filter Manufacturers Council 26 S P A R K P L U G S Current/Discontinued Aviation Spark Plugs

CURRENT PLUG TYPES DISCONTINUED PLUG TYPES

18mm 1/2” Reach: M40J* AY4 M40E M42E, M41N, D41N, C27, C26 REM40E EM41E, EM42E, ED41N, C27S, C26S, REM39N, RED39N, RC26S REM38E REM37N, RED37N, R25S REM38S REM38P, REM38W

RMH40E HM41E RHM40E RHM39N, RHD39N RHM38E RHM37N, RHD37N RHM38S RHM38P, RHM38W

18mm 13/16” Reach: REB37E REB37N, REA37N, R37S-1, RC35S, C35S REB36S REB87N, REA87N, REB36W, R819, H014S REB32E REB32N, REA32N, R56S, RC34S, C34S - REB29N, REA29N, R33S RHB37E RHB38E, RHB37N, RHA37E, RHA37N, RHB87N, RHA87N, R119, R115 RHB32E RHB32N, RHB33E, RHA32E, RHA32N, R111 RHB29E RHB29N, RHA29E, RHA29N, R103 RHB36S R214D, RHB36P, RHB36W RHB32S RHB32P, RHB32W - RHB27P -RHB27W

18MM 1 1/8” Reach: RHU32E RHU37E RHU27E RHU30P, RHU30W

14MM 3/8” Reach: REJ38 C10S4, 78S NON-SHIELDED UNAVAILABLE J43, AJ66

14MM 1/2” Reach: RHL27SA* HL26P/HL601P* RHL28SA* HL31P/HL602P* REL37B REL37W, REL38B NON-SHIELDED UNAVAILABLE L34R, AJ10 EL602YC EL601Y *Racing Spark Plug Only

14MM 3/4” Reach: REN30S Supplemental Information Whenever possible, Champion Aerospace Champion Aerospace You are also encouraged to contact this issues technical bulletins, providing more Products Support Department department for assistance on any information on changing conditions P. O. Box 686 technical problem that may arise. within the aviation industry as they relate Liberty, SC 29657 to reciprocating engines. Copies of these 864-843-5400 bulletins are available upon request from; www.championaerospace.com FAA-Repair Station (IZMR441L) 27 R E C I P R O C A T I N G E N G I N E S

Aviation Service Manual AV6-R

Spark Plugs Oil Filters

Distributed by:

28 Printed in U.S.A. AV6R110420