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Small Gasoline Engine Repair, Troubleshooting and Tips

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Small Gasoline Engine Repair, Troubleshooting and Tips http://waterheatertimer.org Small Gasoline troubleshooting Engine Repair and Tips Three step approach Determine why a small engine will not start or run properly. Welcome to Find N Choose, your free information site. Fuel - Spark - Compression A gasoline engine needs the following three essentials to "run" In time problems develop with fuel delivery, spark or compression, it only takes one of these to fail to prevent an engine from starting or to run. The first step is to determine which of these is at fault. Three Step Trouble Shooting Spark Place the engine out of bright sunlight, remove the spark plug, reconnect the ignition wire to the spark plug and lie it on the engine head, or metal of the engine, where it makes a path to ground of the engine. Give the rope a tug and observe whether there is a good spark jumping the spark plug electrode gap. A good blue spark is ideal, If there is no spark, try changing the spark plug, and try this test again. No spark indicates ignition problems. 1 of 15 7/25/2011 5:35 PM Small Gasoline Engine Repair, Troubleshooting and Tips http://www3.telus.net/findNchoose/smallenginerepair.html Note the colors and sound to the spark. A fat blue spark that cracks audibly indicates a very good spark. A white spindly sparks indicates a problem in the spark producing mechanism (check grounding of spark coil first) A reddish sparks usually indicate burnt points, or a failing condenser. A weak spark may not ignite the fuel-air under compression. If there is a spark, the problem lies either in fuel delivery, or in the compression of the engine. Spark plug The spark plug provides a path within the combustion chamber to provide a gap for the spark to jump which ignites the fuel air mixture. Spark plugs have many heat ranges. The manufacturer of each engine decides which heat range is best, to provide the optimum operation for each engine type. The heat range of a new engine is usually on the cooler side of the available heat ranges. The proper range will keep the spark plug clean of carbon and other components of combustion. As an engine wears and the compression drops and oil rings wear, the spark plug may not be hot enough to deal with the different gases and burnt oil in the combustion chamber, caused by oil leaking past the oil rings of the piston. A spark plug of a greater heat value will help keep the sparkplug cleaner. Each spark plug has a certain size thread and threaded area. If the spark plug does not reach far enough into the combustion chamber, the result is poor starts, poor combustion, and less power. If the sparkplug thread is too long, the spark plug will reach too deep into the combustion chamber and will not leave enough room in the combustion chamber for the piston to travel. The piston will strike the end of the spark plug, and damage both the spark plug and the top of the piston. It is important to choose the right spark plug for each individual engine. Spark plug gaps are around thirty thousands of an inch (.030). To remove the spark plug from the engine, turn the spark plug counterclockwise. To clean off heavy carbon particles, use a tiny screwdriver, or knife, and scrape off the carbon, on and around the spark plug electrode, finish up with a small wire brush. When replacing the spark plug, do not over tighten. The spark plug on an aluminum head can not be tightened the same as a cast iron head. If you over-tighten, on aluminum heads, stripped threads could result. Spark plugs can last a long time on an engine that is in good shape. On older engines with lots of wear, burnt oil in the cylinder carbons up the sparkplug. The spark plug needs replacing sooner in older engines. Spark plugs are not too expensive and it is worth replacing every couple of years, as this will help to insure easy starts, greater power, and cleaner running. The condition of a spark plug tells us a lot about the condition of an engine. Normal Spark Plug The color of a normal spark plug is brown to a grayish tan. Worn Spark Plug A worn spark plug is normal in color, but has rounded electrodes, and a large electrode gap. 2 of 15 7/25/2011 5:35 PM Small Gasoline Engine Repair, Troubleshooting and Tips http://www3.telus.net/findNchoose/smallenginerepair.html Carbon Deposits A spark plug with dry sooty deposits indicates an engine with the fuel-air mixture too rich, or a weak ignition. This condition can cause hard starting. Ash Deposits A spark plug with a light brown deposit on the electrodes is usually caused from oil leaching into the combustion chamber, or additives in the fuel. Over build up can cause a mis-fire. Oil Deposit An oily spark plug indicates oil is leaking past piston oil rings or work valve guides. This condition causes hard starting, or no starting. Bridged Spark Plug Gap Burnt combustion products lodge between the spark plug gap, shorting out the ignition. This prevents starting. Overly Hot Spark Plug A blistered, white electrode insulation, with no deposit of any kind indicate a too hot condition. Over advanced ignition timing, too lean fuel-air mixture, or valves not closing properly. This can lead to melted pistons and burnt valves. Check for correct spark plug heat range. Preignition is a product of too hot a spark plug, check for over advanced timing, or a too lean fuel-air mixture. Spark Plug Glazing Glazed spark plug insulation has a yellowish glazed appearance. A glazed spark plug indicated an engine running at to high RPM. The engine overheats and causes mis-firing. Fuel Smell it, it should not smell old and stale, or look thick and deep yellow in color. Old fuel loses the ability to vaporize. Gasoline left in the fuel tank over the winter becomes stale and will not support combustion. Stale fuel can cause a stuck check-ball in the carburetor, and plug up fuel jets. Fuel left for a long time in a half full container, will vaporize out, leaving behind a thicker, staler gasoline, which will not support combustion as well, as fresh fuel. It is the vapor, which supports combustion, not the raw wet gasoline. If the fuel is stored in a very warm location, the fuel becomes stale in a shorter period of time. The smaller the amount of fuel stored, the quicker it oxidizes and becomes stale. 3 of 15 7/25/2011 5:35 PM Small Gasoline Engine Repair, Troubleshooting and Tips http://www3.telus.net/findNchoose/smallenginerepair.html Is the fuel able to reach the combustion chamber or is the fuel filter or carburetor plugged? A quick test is to remove the spark plug, pour a tiny bit of fresh gasoline directly into the cylinder. Replace the spark plug and give the rope a tug. If the motor starts and runs briefly, fuel delivery is the problem. Because the engine runs, it verifies that spark and compression is okay. If the engine does not run, spark or compression is the problem. Take the proper precautions when handling gasoline, keep the container away from flame and sparks, keep the lid on the gasoline container when not in use, keep gasoline off skin. Use in well ventilated areas. Compression A quick test for compression is as follows, turn off the ignition and remove the spark plug. Place your thumb over the spark plug hole and give the rope a tug. You should feel the compression trying to lift your thumb off the spark plug hole. If there is, no compression or low compression, it is an indication of internal problems such as valve, rings or piston failure. If you have access to a compression gauge, and get a reading of around 65-70 psi., that is good. Any compression reading below 45 psi., indicates a well worn engine. Most four-stroke engines in good shape, have a normal compression of around 75 pounds per square inch. (psi). Two stoke engines are around 90 psi. Engines with very low compression are very hard to start, and a very quick pull is required to get the compression up high enough to start the engine. If the compression is low when you test with a compression gauge, try adding 1-2 tablespoons of oil directly into the spark plug hole. Try cranking over (giving the rope a tug) and re-test the compression. A rise in the compression indicates worn rings. No change indicates valves are not closing properly. Reasons for poor compression can be, spark plug loose, cylinder head bolts loose, cylinder head gasket leaking, and carbon blocking valves from closing properly. Note: There should not be any raw gas anywhere on the outside of an engine in good condition. Any leaks indicate a fuel leak, or a problem with the engine. How a Primer Works A primer, is a small pump connected into the fuel line, with a one-way valve within it, allowing fuel to move in one direction only. When you press on the primer bulb, fuel pumped from the fuel tank towards the carburetor forces the older fuel within the carburetor and fuel line back to the fuel tank. The new fuel entering the carburetor vaporizes easily, and causes the engine to start promptly. Any crack in the rubber bulb, allows air to enter the fuel line, preventing the primer from pumping.
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