For official use only

CENSUS OF INDIA 1961

VOLUME VII

KERALA

PART VIII A ADMINISTRATION REPORT ENUMERATION

M. K. DEVASSY, B. A., B. L. OF THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE Superintendent of Census Operations, Kerala and the Union Territory of Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands

1964

PRINTED AT THE CITY PRESS, TRIVANDRUM-l PREFACE

The pattern prescribed for the Administration Report of the 1961 Census is that the report should be published in two parts, the first part dealing with the census operations up to and including enumeration and the second part dealing with tabula­ tion. In accordance with this, the first part of the report is being released now. lowe the order of presentation of the topics dealt with in this report to the Registrar General of India, Shri A. Mitra who had circulated a list of topics to all the Superintendents of Census Operations. The valuable and exhaustive notes prepared by my Head Assistant, Shri K. V. Joseph in consultation with the different sections of my office have been of immense use to me in writing this report. The City Press, Trivandrum has spared no pai:ps in executing the printing of this book neatly and well.

M. K. DEVASSY

ii CONTENTS CHAPTER I-GENERAL Page 1. The Census legislation 1 2. Early appointment of the Superintendent of Census Operations 1 3. The first communication from the Registrar General 2 4. First letter of the State Government to all Departmental Heads in troducing Census and the Superintendent of Census Operations 2 5. Organisation of Office (a) Appointment of Office Staff 2 (b) Appointment of Officers 3 (c) Terms of deputation 3 (d) Accommodation 4 (e) Furniture 6 (f) Stationery 6 (g) Equipment (i) Typewriters 7 (ii) Duplicators 7 (iii) Calculating machines 7 (iv) Table fans 7 (h) Despatch and receipt of letters 7 6. The first round of Conferences 8 7. The Pre-test operations 8 8. The first Conference of the Superintendents of Census Operation" 9 9. Census Schedules and their printing 10 10. The house list 10 11. The household schedule 10 12. The individual slip 11 13. Centralisation of instfllctions 12 14. Translation of schedules and instructions 12 15. Supply of printing paper 13 16. Preparation of the blocks and printing 13 17. Estimate of the number of copies 14 18. The printing of schedules 15 19. Difficulties in local printing 16 20. Distribution of Schedules (a) Principle of distribution 17 (b) A mishap 11 (c) Expenditure for distribution by the Charge Officers 18 21. Preparation of maps 18

iii CONTENTS Page 22. Contribution of census mapping to the archives of the State Government and the Directorate of Survey and Land Records 19 23. Rural-Urban classification 19 24. Organisation of census in urban areas 19 25. Tours by the Superintendent of Census Operations 20 26. The first tour of the Registrar General in the State 21 27. Touring of other officers connected with the Census Operations 21 28. Administrative difficulties 22 (a) Non-observance of the orders freezing the transfers 22 (b) Unhelpful attitude of responsible officers 22 (c) Delay in sanctioning deputation 22 (d) Expenditure on the staff of District and Charge Officers 23 (e) Need for a skeleton census office during the inter-census period 23 (f) Dependence on State Government Officers 23 29. Publication by the State Government of the census questionnaire etc. in the State Government gazette 24 30. Accounts (a) Budget 24 (b) Account rules 25 (c) Method of keeping accounts 25 (d) Periodical statements of expenditure 25 (e) Financial powers 26 (f) Permanent advance 26 31. Miscellaneous (a) The reference date, a holiday 26 (b) Concessions to the enumeration staff 26 32. Census publicity 27 (a) Messages 27 (b) Posters 27 (c) Press conferences 28 (d) Conferences by the Registrar General 28 (e) The census film 28 (f) Pamphleteering 28 (g) Lantern slides 28 . (h) Census advertisements 28 (i) The All India Radio programmes 28

CHAPTER II-ENUMERATION 33. Introduction 29 34. The cenSUS programme 29 35. Preparation of registers (a) The Census Village Register 30 (b) Census Charge Register 31 36. Formation of census divisions 31 37. The Ce.nsus Location Code 31 38. Verification of the local jurisdiction with reference to maps and gazette notifications 32

iv CONTENTS Page 39. Appointment of District ~ensus Officers and Charge Officers 32 40. Circulation of census instrut:tions 33 41. Instructions about Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes-synonyms and generic names of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 34 42. Appointment of enumeration agency for house numbering operations 35 43. Letters of appointment 36 44. Training for house numbering and houselisting operations 36 45. The house numbering operations (a) Fresh house numbering on a State-wide basis 36 (b) Period of house numbering 36 (c) Inauguration of house numbering operations 36 (d) Progress of house numbering 36 (e) House numbering in special areas 37 (f) Territorial units and mode of house numbering 37 46. Difficul ties (a) Failure to follow instructions 37 (b) Certain discrepancies in the instructions 38 (c) Deviation from instructions by a Tahsildar 38 (d) Jamabandy in the way 38 (e) Renumbering in two charges 39 47. Deficiencies and their rectification 39 48. Where, how and when the house numbering operations went wrong or failed to be satisfactory 39 49. Formation of blocks and circles 40 50. Avoidance of conflict of jurisdiction between Revenue and Forest authorities 40 51. A precaution 41 52. Formation of special blocks 41 53. Preparation of the Block and Circle Registers 41 54. Appointment of enumeration agency for the count 41 55. Qualifications of the enumeration agency 42 56. Appointment letters 42 57. Ratio of Charge Officers, Circle Supervisors and Enumerators 42 58. Help received from State Government 42 59. Training of District Census Officers and Charge Officers 43 60. Training of Supervisors 43 61. Training of Enumerators 43 62. Critical examination of the training course held and suggestions for improvement 43 63. Training reserves 43 64. Facilities for enumeration staff regarding attendance 43 65. Distribution of schedules and maintenance of reserve 44 66. Enumeration (a) General 44 (b) Arrangement for special areas 44 (c) Census of houseless and mobile popUlation 44 (d) Shifting population in the Kuttanad area 46 (e) Enumeration of technically qualified personnel 46

v CONTENTS Page <>7. Preliminary assessment of the quality of enumeration (a) Coverage 46 (b) Response 46 (c) Care in filling up demographic questions 46 (d) Care in filling up economic questions 46 (e) Care in filling up household schedules 46 .()8. Confusion over concepts and definitions (a) Household Schedule 46 (b) Individual slips 47 {J9. Arrangement for filling up last minute deflections 47 70. Relay of provisional totals 47 71. Variation between the provisional totals and the final figures 48 72. Booklet on Provisional Totals 48 73. The Final Census Register 48 74. Post-enumeration check 48 75. Special features of the post-enumeration check 49 76. Clerical assistance to District Census Officers and Charge Officers 50 77. Honorarium to enumeration staff 51 78. Honorarium for post-enumeration check 52 79. Recognition of the services of the enumeration staff 52 SO. Special studies 53 (a) Village survey 53 (b) Rural and tribal craft survey 54 (c) Survey of fairs and festivals 54 (d) Survey of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 54 (e) Survey of births and deaths 54 (f) Fertility survey 54 (g) Survey of consanguineous marriages 55 '81. Arrangements for taking photographs 55 82. Cost of enumeration 55 83. Conclusion 55. APPENDICES

I. Statement of staff of the office of the Superintendent of Census Operations up to 30--6-1961 other than houselist tabulation staff 56 II. Centres selected for the second pre-test 59 III. Houselist ,60 IV. Household Schedule 61 V. Individual Slip 63 VI. Estimate of the number of census schedules with the basis of calculation 64 VII. List of places recognized as towns for the Census of 1961 65 VIII. List of places which were towns in 1951 Census but have not been recognized as towns in 1961 Census . 70 IX. Notifications issued by the Government of Kerala under the Census Act (Central Act XXXVII of 1948) 71

vi CONTENTS

X. Appointment Letter forms issued under the Census Act (Central Act XXXVII of 1948) 75 XI. Circular Letter No. I dated 4th December 1959 on general features of 1961 Census and outlines of the plan of operations 78 XII. Circular Letter No. IV dated 30th December 1959 on house numbering and preparation of houselists 87 XIll. Circular Letter No. XVII dated 25th July 1960 on the follow-up action on house numbering operations, formation of blocks and circles and appointment of Circle supervisors and enumerators for enumeration 94 XIV. Circular Letter No. XX dated 15th September 1960 on the distribution of forms, training and enumeration 98 XV. Circular Letter No. XLVI dated 21st February 1961 on the coverage of blocks 110 XVI. Instructions issued for the enumeration of the crew and passengers of ships or other vessels 1. D. O. letter No. C3-386j60 dated 25th December, 1960 to the Officer in charge of the Census Operations of the Naval Base 110 2. D. O. letter No. C3-386J60 dated 26th December 1960 to the Officer in charge of the Census Operations of the Port of Cochin 110 3. Letter No. C2-499J60 dated 29th December 1960 to the Officer in charge of ports except the Port of Cochin III XVII. Minutes of the discussion held with the Tahsildar, Kuttanad regarding the enumeration of shifting population in Kuttanad Taluk 111 XVIII. Synonyms or generic names of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes accepted in 1961 Census 112 XIX. Statement showing the distribution of posters 113 XX. Statement showing the distribution of census pamphlets 115 XXI. Statement showing the articles of stationery and stamps supplied to the District Census Officers, and Charge Officers for enumeration ]16 XXII. Memorandum No.. 29653-C-IJ60-I, Planning and Development Department dated 21st May 1960 of the Government of Kerala, calling upon their officers to perform the census duties diligently and conscientiously and asking the superior officers to take into account the manner of performance of census duties in the periodical assessment of work of their suhQrdinates 118 XXIII. Census Divisions and Agency 119 XXIV. Miscellaneous forms including Block and Circle Register 119 XXV. Number of forms other than enumeration schedules supplied and used 132 XXVI. Number of enumeration schedules supplied and used 136 XXVII. Budget estimates for 1958--59. 1959-60, 1960-61 and 1961-62 137 XXVIII. District Census Charges (Establishment) 138 XXIX. District Census Charges (Honorarium to the enumeration staff) 140 XXX. District Census Charges (other charges) 144 XXXI. Stationery indents for the office of the Superintendent of Census Operations 147 XXXII. Number and location of important files and documents 150

vii CONTENTS Page- XXXIII. Summary of staff employed in the office of the Superintendent of Census Operations 152 XXXIV. Abstract of tours of the Superintendent of Census Operations, Kerala 15;3. XXXV. Table showing houselist, provisional and final population 1961 and dates of receipt of provisional totals from districts 155 XXXVI. Percentage of variation between provisional totals and final population figures at various levels 155 XXXVII. List showing the extent of want of accuracy in filling up answers to demogra­ phic and economic questions in the individual slip 156 XXXVIII. Instructions and forms issued for the conduct of the post-enumeration check 156 XXXIX. List of taluks and towns from which blocks were selected for the post- enumeration check 170 XL. Districtwise statement of allotment of census medal5 170' XLI. Instructions and questionnaire issued for the fertility survey 171 XLII. Sample letters addressed to the Superintendent of Census Operations by enumerators 176- XLIII. Circular letter No. XLVII dated 2nd March 1961 on the return of census records and preparation of the Final Census Register 177 XLIV. Circulars and forms printed for enumeration period 183

vili CHAPTER I GENERAL

This part of the Administration Report- deals give a statutory existence to the enqUIrIeS made Y.'ith the period of census operations up to and of a person in the course of <'ny auxiliary opera­ including enumeration. It has been the tradi­ tion conducted in connection with census opera­ tion of the Indian census to leave a report on tions and to declare the failure to answer such the administrative problems of every census for enquiries an offence under the Census Act. The the benefit of the future. The two decades co-operation which the Census Department re­ covered by the inter-census periods of 1941 to ceived from the general public in the conduct of 1951 and 1951 to 1961 represent an era of mo­ the va rious auxiliary operations was more volun­ mentous changes in the ::>_dministrative set up as tary than one offered under a lepl obligation. \yell as the territorial jurisdiction of the states Again, the provisions ensuring the s:::crecy of inciuded in the present Kerala resulting in the information recorded for purposes of census are integration of the princely states of Travancore not adequate to prohibit their disclosure for and Cochin during the first decade and the forma­ Government purposes. In Kerala the particu­ tion of the Kerala state during the second decade. lars of age recorded in the National Register of The census of 1961 thus happens to be the first Citizens were being used by some revising autho­ decennial census since the formation of the rities for the electoral rolls during the period Kerala state. between the winding up of the· offic~ of the The Census Legislation Superintendent of Census Operations of the 1951 census and the starting of the census operations 2. The statute governing the conduct of the for 1961. Another instance of the State Go­ census operations in India is the Census Act. vernment authorising the Tahsildars to refer to 1948. (Central Act XXXVII of 1948) as amended the age recorded in the National Register of by Act XL of 1949, Act LI of 1950, the Adapta­ Citizens for purposes of verifying the correct­ tion of Laws Order, 1950 and Act XXII of ness of the age given in the applications for old 1959. Although no difficulty was experienced age pensions having come to the notice of the in the conduct of the census operations for Census Department, the question was taken up want of adequate provision in the Census Act. with the State Government for rectification. it does not for a moment mean that the Act is Though the above defect~ l1.1ve found eloquent perfect. Under section 3 of the Census Act the expression as early as 1952 in the Administration Central Government may, by notification in the Report of the Superintendent of Census Opera­ official Gazette. declare its intention of taking tions of West Bengal the position remained a census for the whole or any part of the territo­ much the same even in 1961. ries to which the Act extends. The obvious meaning of this section is that a notification is Early Appointment of the Superintendent of necessary for taking census every time. The Census Operations census contemplated by the notification issued 3. Under section 4 of the Census Act there for the 1961 census i<; only the linal count which should be a Census Commissioner for the whole cannot be interpreted to include either the pre­ of India and :a Superintendent of Censm Opera­ test operations or the sample censuses held in tions for each state to sup2rvise the taking of connection with this census. Again, in the the census. On a communication rec:ived from conduct of surveY5 like the village survey. the the Ministry of Home Affairs the Government rural and the tribal craft survey and the fertility of KeraJa proposed to suggest my name for survey. several questions had to be put by the appointment as the Superintendent of Censm investigators for collecting the necessary infor­ Operations for Kerala and orally consulted me mation. If the persons who are questioned de­ to ascertain my willingness to accept the assign­ cline to respond they cannot be prosecuted ment. I was happy to be called upon to take under the Census Act. The only other available up this work of Qutstallding importance. Thh statute is the Collection of Statistics Act. 1953. was followed by a D. O. letter dated 6th Janu­ the scope of which is limited to the collection ary 1959 from the Chief Secretary to the Govern­ of industrial. commercial and labour statistics. ment of Kerala informing me that I have been It seems, therefore: essential that adequate pro­ selected to the post of the Superintendent of vi<;ion should be included in the Census Act to Census Operationo, \"lith effect from 1st Marc!l OFFICE ORGANISATION

1959 and that I will be entitled to a special pay bestow personal attention on all references re­ of Rs. 300/- per mcnsem besides my usual pay ceived from the Superintendent of Census Opera­ in the senior time scale of I. A. S. Accordingly, tions. The Government also sanctioned the admi­ I assumed charge of my office on the forenoon nistrat ion reports being supplied to the Superin­ of 5th March 1959. Since it was necessary that tendent of Census Operations free of cost. All the State Government should formally place my the above orders were issued on my request. services at the disposal of the Central Govern­ Organisation of Office ment I addressed the State Government request­ ing for necessary action in the matter whereupon (a) Appointment of Office Staff they issued G. O. Rt. 685/Pub (Spl) Dept. dated 6. My first task Ylas to organise my officc. 25th March 1959 placing my services at the dis­ Even bcfore I assumed charge of my office, posal of the Central Government. The Presi­ the Registrar General had requested the State dent's Order creating the post of the Superin­ Government to spare a nucleus staff for me tendent of Census Operations, Kerala, and ap­ from the Government Secretariat. I had, pointing me to that post was issued as F. No. therefore, contacted the State Government 2J45/58-Pub-l (II) dated 4th April 1959. The prior to my assumption of office for the notification was duly published in the Kerala deputation of a stenographer for me which was Government Gazette under G. O. Rt. 829 Pub sanctioned on the eve of my leaving the (Spl) Dept. dated 17th April 1959. In the 1951 CoIIectorate to take charge of my new office. census the Superintendent of Census Operations Thus. I started my office with my stenographer was appointed in Travancore-Cochin state only as the only member of the staff. The State on 24th November 1949 and that too in a part­ Government was then addressed to depute a time capacity till 1st April 1950 when alone the peon to my office which was sanctioned. The post was made full- time, the interval betvleen the first batch of staff sanctioned by the Registrar appointment and the date of census count being General consisted of a Head Assistant on only one and a quarter years. Compared to this, Rs. 250 - 400, an accountant - cashier on Rs. the appointment of the Superintendent of Census 80 - 220, four clerks on Rs. 60 - 130, two Operations for Kerala two years prior to the statistical assistants on Rs. 160 - 330, one reference date should be regarded as a salutary stenographer on Rs. 80 - 220 and three peons departure from the past facilitating in no small on Rs. 30 - t - 35. Before making the appoint­ measure the organisation of the census opera­ ment of the staff to the above posts except tions with thoroughness. that of the stenographer a circular was issued The First Communication from the Registrar at my instance by the State Government to all General departments enquiring about the availability 4. The moment I reported to the Registrar of hands with previous experience in the Census General of my assumption of office the first com­ Department and their Willingness to accept munication of the Registrar General, D. O. posts for the 1961 census. Although some letter No. 3/9/59-RG dated 12th March 1959 names were received in response to this, in subsequently described as the 'longish letter' most of the cases either the posts requested containing the scheme of the census operations for by the persons were not available or the was addressed to me. It not only enabled me to persons concerned were lacking in that type of acquaint myself with the different aspects invol­ experience which was necessary for the post. ved in the organisation of the census operations The best possible use was, however, made of but also led me as a 'kindly light' throughout the information received in this behalf. Thus. my work in the Census Department. the hands who were appointed to the posts of the Head Assistant, one statistical assistant and First Letter of the State Government to all one compiler who was subsequently promoted Departmental Heads introducing Census and as statistical assistant in my office had prc\ ious the Superintendent of Census Operations experience as supervisors in the first t\, 0 cases 5. As early as 24th March 1959 the Govern­ and as a sorter in the last one. As the four ment of Kerala issued a circular to all Heads of clerical posts sanctioned were all of the lower Departments introducing the Superintendent of division, special sanction had to be taken from Census Operations and directing them to render the Registrar General to convert two out of necessary co-operation to him. A few days later them into upper division. Most of the nucleus a memorandum was also issued in which staff were taken from the State Government Government impressed upon all officers the im­ Setretllriat while the two statistical assistants portance of the census and the necessity to were taken from the Department of Statistics.

2 OFFICE STAFF AND OFFICERS

The rest of the nucleus staff except two peons appointed on 1st November 1960 and for Kozhi­ were recruited directly t~rough the Employ­ kode on 3rd November 1960. In the instruction,> ment Exchange. Thus, wIth the exception of given to me by the Registrar General for the the accountant - cashier all other posts covered selection of the candidates from the State Go­ by the order of the Registrar General sanction­ vernment for the posts of Deputy Superintend­ ing the nucleus staff were filled up by 23rd ents of Census Operations it was stated thar May 1959. The statistical assistants were sent they should belong either to the Junior 1. A. S. to the Registrar General's office for a short cadre or the State Civil Service. All the above training in sorting and tabulation work. In the officers belong to the State Civil Service. case of the accountant - cashier some delav was (c) Terms of Deputation occasioned as the Accountant GeneraI' was 8. In the enclosure to the longish letter from reluctant to depute a person from his office for the Registrar General the terms on which hands the post before the quantum of special pay could be taken from the State Government on was finalised. However, on my discussing the deputation to the non-gazetted posts of the matter with the Accountant General, he agreed Census Department were given as follows :- to depute a hand pending fixation of the special pay. The accountant - cashier was accordingly I. (a) Scale of pay in the parent grade: posted on 12th December 1959. The question (b) Deputation special pay at 20 per of deputation allowance and the special pay for cent of the grade pay subject to handling cash in the case of the accountant­ a maximum of Rs. 300/- per men­ cashier was finally decided by the Ministry of sem' Home Affairs only on 27th June 1960 granting (c) Spec'ial pay, if any, attached to a deputation allowance of 20% of tbe basic pay the grade pay (if it is certified and a sum of'Rs. 10/- as special pay for handl­ by the State Government that it ing cash. The latter was subsequently revised would have been admissible but as Rs. 15/- per mensem. The post of the for deputation) which is treated accountant - cashier was bifurcated under instru­ as personal pay not to be absorbed ctions from the Registrar General from 9th May in future 'increments; 1961 into posts of accountant and cashier. The (d) Dearness allowance at the State accountant Y/as to be on the upper division scale Government rates; and drawing his deputation allowance as before and (e) Local compensatory allowance the C'lshier on the lower division scale with a like compensatory (City) and special pay for handling cash at Rs. 15/- per house rent allowance at Central mensem. It is, no doubt. better to have the Government rates posts of accountant and cashier separate instead or of amalgamating the two into one. The staff 11. Pay and all allowances, including of my office YJas gradually strengthened accord­ dearness allowance at Central Gov­ ing to necessity. A statement giving the posts ernment rates. which existed in the office of the Superintendent Orders of the State Government sanctioninC! of Census Operations and the names of the the d:'putation of the State Government emplo'::. incumbents is given in Appendix I. yees to the Census Department conformed to the (b) Appointment of Officers above terms for· some time. Subsequently, the 7. The post of a Deputy Superintendent of State Government added one after another a few Census Operations having been sanctioned for conditions to those mentioned by the Central my office, Shri C. M. Jacob, Financial Assistant Government. These were :- to the Board of Revenue was appointed to that ( 1) The employee will be provided all post from 22nd April 1960. This WuS followed the medical and other concessions by the appointment ofSarvashri K. Parameswaran which he would be entitled to had he Pillai, Administrative Assista:lt to the Director remained in the service under the of Animal Husbandry, K. K. Krishnan, Special State Government; Deputy Collector fo r Income Tax, Ernakulam (2) The Central Government will be and M. Joseph. Assistant Secretary. Board of liable for the payment of the leave Revenue, as Deputy Superintendents of Census salary in respect of disability sustain­ Operations (Tabulation) for Trivandrum, Kozhi­ ed during the period of temporary kode and Ernakulam respectively. The transfer even though such disability Deputy Superintendents of Census Operations manifests itself only after the termi­ (Tabulation) for Trivandrum and Ernakulam were nation of that period.

3 ACCOMMODATION

The fir~t condition includes educational con­ was, from time to time, extended on my reques t cessions to the children of the employee. till 20th April 1959. This precarious existence 9. The fixing of the deputation terms from in the Kanakakunnu Palace with short instal­ the very beginning considerably facilitated the ments of extension and the possibility of being procedure of taking hands from the SUite Gov­ asked to vacate at any time proved highly un­ ernment. But, from 4th May 1961 the Central comfortable. The Registrar General on getting Government revised the terms of deputation, the information from the State Government that the most important modification being that the they cannot accommodate me in the Secretariat deputation allowance at the rate of 20 per cent addressed a letter to the Superintending Engi­ of the basic pay will be reduced not to exceed neer, Central Public Works Department, Madras. the maximum of the Central scale of pay of the Circle, requesting him to secure a suitable build­ post and where the minimum of the Central ing of about 4000 sq. ft. for my office. But the scale of pay is subst,mtially higher than the Superintending Engineer wrote back to the basic pay of the employee in the parent depart­ Registrar General that according to the austerity ment plus the deputation allowance of 20 per standards prescribed by the Government of India ct:nt, lhe pay in the Central sC'ale will be fixed only 832 sq. ft. can be allotted to me. On receipt below the minimum of the Central scale of pay. of a copy of thjs communication I took up the This order caused considerable difficulty in the matter with the Registrar Gencral. Meanwhile, plOcedurc of taking hands on deputation ·from the a portion of a private building occupied by the State GO\crnment. Apart from the fact that it Department of Public Instruction became vacant. rendered the deputation to the Census Depart­ On getting this information I contacted the ment less attractive to the Slate Government Director of Public Instruction who unhesitat­ employees, the question of taking separate orders ingly agreed to place the vacant portion of the of the Ministry in every new case caused a good building at my disposal subject to Government deal of delay and difficulty. 1t Y'ias not neces­ sanction. The State Government on being &ary previously to take the oreers of the Mini­ addressed in the matter sanctioned the request stry for taking hands on deputation except in the subject to the payment of the proportionate rent case of officers on the gazetted cadre. These by the Census Department. Accordingly my difficulties were reported by me to the Registrar office was shifted to 'Blenheim', Vazhuthacaud, General and orders awaited at the time of writing Trivandrum on 20th April ]959. The Registrar this report. ~ General on being informed of the position ap­ 10. In the case of deputation of officers to proved of my action in having occupied 'Blen­ the gazetted cadre they were entitled to the heim' and asked me to secure a certificate 01 grade pay and dearness a1lo\', ance admissible reasonableness of rent fr0111 the Cent!'al Public under the rules of the State GO\,ernment and Works Department for the portion of 'Blenheim' other allowances at the Government of India occupied by me. But the Executive Engineer 01 rates plus a special pay of Rs. J 50 '- or 33! ~ per the Madras Circle stuck to his original vie\'1 that cent of the basic ray per mensem, whichever is the area exceeds the austerity standards and less. unles5 he gets the approval of the Ministry he is. ( d) Acco1lll11odat ion not in a position to issue the rent certificate. 11. Although the Registrar General had On my reporting tne situation to the Registrar requested the State Government to place a room General, he personally discussed the matter with in the Secretariat at my disposal for housing my the Secretary of the Minis try of Works, Housing office, the State Government expressed their and Supply and instructed me to address the inability to do so for want of space. In his Section Offic~r of the Central Public Works Administration Report of the 1951 census the Department, Trivandrum, with a copy of hi!> Superintendent of Census Operations of Travan­ letter to make a reference to the Ministry of core-'Cochin has given an account of his bitter Works, Housing and Supply to secure the con­ experiences in finding out suitable accommoda­ firmation of the concerned Ministry having tion for his office. The problem .was not less agreed to the proposal. The Central Public thorny in 1961. Pending selection of a suitable Works Department accordingly took action building to accommodate my office J requested and addressed the Ministry of Works, Hous­ the State Government to allow me to hold my ing and Supply. But, on 22nd September 1959 office in one of the halls of the Kanakakunnu the Ministry of Works, Housing and Supply Palace till 1 am able to secure a suitable build­ issued a communication to the effect that the' ing, The Government sanctioned this request accommodation available in rooms I and 2 in the for a \'1eek from 20th March 1959 which period ground floor of the building in question is.

4 ACCOMMODATION sufficient to meet the present requirements of my February 1961 a twin building called' Casket' office and that it has been accordingly decided consisting of T. C. 1846 A and T. C. 1846 B was that the above mentioned rooms only should be hired on a rent of Rs. 300/- for each and my hired for the time being. The implication was office was shifted to T. C. 1846 A, retaining that I had to surrender three rooms in the first both T. C. 1846 Band 'Sthanu Vilas' for the floor of the bUilding. This communication tabulation office, Trivandrum. The retention of which came as a bolt from the blue was both the buildings for tabulation offices was done in surprising and disappointing to me. J, there­ advance of the starting of the tabulation offices upon, addressed the Registrar General giving as it was apprehended that suitable buildings further details to justify my request for the may not be available at the appropriate time allotment of the entire portion of the building when the tabulation work had to be started. At 'Blenheim' taken by me. Final orders on the Ernakulam and Kozhikode also there was dearth subject were received on 15th January 1960 sanc­ of buildings. Three buildings were hired for tioning my proposals and the rent was certified the tabulation office at Ernakulam and three at by the Central Public Works Department. On Kozhikode. The particulars of the accommo­ 6th November 1959 my office was shifted to a dation for the tabulation offices are given in private building 'Narayana Vilas' with a floor greater detail in Part B of the report. area of 2210 sq. ft. on a rent of Rs. 225/- per 13. The problem of accommodation for the mensem. This time I did not have so much Census Department is peculiar in its nature in difficulty as I had on the previous occasion to that the department starts with an extremely get the required sanction. The requirements of small nucleus staff and expands within a short the department were still on the increase. The period to its maximum capacity whereafter it difficulties experienced in the matter of accom­ is reduced again to a small one. Though as modation were represented to the Registrar per the delegation of powers issued on 13th General in the conference of the Superintendents November 1959 the Superintendents of Census. of Census Operations whereupon the Registrar Operations have the powers to hire a private General took up the matter with the Ministry building the rent of which does not exceed of Works, Housing and Supply which, on a Rs. 500/- per mensem, the exercise of this power proper appreciation of the question, relaxed the is subject to the condition that the floor area procedure of hiring private buildings on the of the building should not exceed 10 per cent of following lines:- the admissible area under the austerity rules. (a) Accommodation in excess of the aus­ While it will be uneconomical for the Govern­ tcrity scales may be hired if it is certified by the ment to hire private accommodation to meet the Registrar General that the accommodation hired entire requirements of the department from the is absolutely necessary and that accommodation very inception of the census operations, it is on the basis of the austerity scales is not equally difficult for the Superintendent of available at a particular place. Census Operations to shift from place to place (b) Where Executive Engineers and Assist­ as and when his office expands. J venture to ant Engineers of the Central Public Works suggest in this connection the possible remedies Department are not functioning but only Section to solve this vexed problem. One is to reach Officers are posted, the certificatc of reasona­ an understanding between the Central Govern­ bleness of rent may be obtained from the Section ment and the State Governments that the State Officer or the Collector of the district. Governments ,will provide suitable accommo­ 12. These orders issued on 14th March dation to the Census Department according to 1960 as No. EE-26 (6) I 59 considerably eased the requirements from time to time on the rent position in the matter of securing accommo­ being met by the Central Government. This dation. In view of the increasing requirements accommodation may be provided either in the of space my office was shifted to 'Sthanu Vilas' State Government buildings wherever possible from 6th August 1960 on a rent of Rs. 6oo/-p. m. or in private buildings if State Government retaining a portion of the building to accommo­ buildings are not available. The other alter­ date the tabulation office to be opened later. native is to relax the austerity scales from the ft was also proposed to put up some temporary very beginning and to authorise the Superin­ additional structures to accommodate the tabu­ tendents of Census Operations to take up suitable lation office. But this proposal was given up buildings according to their requirements. Here subsequently as the owner did not find it econo­ again, the difficulty of getting the certificate of mical and some new buildings were available reasonablenes,> of rent from the officers of the in the locality by that time. Hence, from 5th Central Public Works Department should also

5 FURNITURf' AND STATIONERY be reduced. It is not always that there are supply of the articles of stationery to the Executive Engineers of the Central Public Works various Superintendents of Census Operations. Department in the headquarters of the Superin­ Since, however, the requirements of the office tendents of Census Operations or in other places in respect of stationery had to be met till these where sub-offices may have to be started. In articles were received, on my request, the State such cases a subordinate officer of the Executive Government were pleased to instruct the Con­ Engineer should be authorised to issue the troller of Stationery of the State Government certificate of reasonableness of rent whenever to supply the necessary items of stationery to required by the Superintendent of Census me on payment. This order of the State Operations. Government proved extremely useful on several (e) Furniture subsequent occasions when the articles indented 14. There were only four wooden almirahl> for with the Controller of Stationery, Calcutta. left over as furniture by the census organisation failed to arrive in time. Among the instances of 1951. For the period the census office where the supply made by the Controller of functioned in the 'Kanakakunnu Palace' the Stationery of the State Government has enabled furniture of the palace was made use of. A~ me to extricate myself from difficult situations the building 'Blenheim' to which my office was may be mentioned one where casing paper re­ shifted from 'Kanakakunnu Palace' was for­ quired for supply to the enumeration staff to merly used as an office of the Department of bundle the census records and submit them to Public Instruction, the articles of furniture used the Charge Officers before the evening of 6th by that office were available with the kind March 1961 failed to reach me in time and the -consent of the Director of Public Instruction contingency was tided over by the supply recei­ till the receipt of the furniture of the Census ved from the Controller of Stationery of the Department. The requirements of furniture State Government. In another case red were met by placing orders with private con­ ink for taking copies of urgent circulars tractors after inviting quotations according to on the duplicator required from 1st March rules. A few items were obtained from the 1960 was received long after when circulars workshop of the Public Works Department of in red ink had mostly become out of place. the State Government. Some steel racks were 16. The freight involved in the transport of ordered through the Registrar General for my the articles of stationery from Calcutta was very office as early as 29th January 1960. In spite high in some cases. A typical instance is where of repeated reminders they have not yet been a consignment worth Rs. 281.38 carried a freight received. The contractor company being addres­ of Rs. 111. 66. The delay in the supply of prirtted sed by the Registrar General about the delay forms was also inordinate. Some items were in supply has replied on 10th August 1961 that never received at all. These have resulted in the articles cannot be moved for want of railway driving me to the petty necessity of approaching booking. Thereupon, the matter was taken various other offices for printed forms. The up by the Registrar General with the Railway difficulties experienced in this behalf were dul\' Board which, in turn, addressed the General reported by me to the Registrar General as earl) Manager, SQuth Eastern Railway on 30th August as 11 th July 1959. ]t seems essential that thl' 1961 to give priority to the movement of the Superintendents of Census Operations should not racks from Calcutta to Trivandrum. It is be put to the necessity of approaching other superfluous to add that such delays are highly offices for items of stationery and printed forms. detrimental to the conduct of a time scheduled I would suggest the following steps to avoid thc_ work like the census operations. difficulties under reference:- (f) Stationery (1) The best arrangement for the supply of 15. The supply of the articles of stationery the articles of office stationery for census opera­ by the Controller of Stationery, Calcutta, had tions will be to arrive at an agreement with the caused so much difficulty to the Superintendent State Government that they should supply tht: of Census Operations of Travancore-Cochin in same on payment by the Census Department. 1951 that he has observed in the Administration For this purpose the State Government will Report that if the Superintendent of Census have to be informed sufficiently early of the pro­ Operations is permitted to purchase the articles bable requirements of the Census Department. of stationery from the State Government it will If an account of the articles of stationery used avoid payment of large sums of railway freight in the 1961 census is taken it would be possible as well as the delay in transport. The Registrar to form this estimate in respect of each state. General had taken early steps to advise an initial This arrangement is not only likely to avoid the

6 OFFICE EQUIPMENT

-delay experienced in the supply of stationery by 18th June 1959. Till then all duplicating work the Stationery Department of the Central was done on the duplicators of the State Go­ -Government but also save a considerable portion vernment Secretariat or the Department of Pub­ -of the Oost of transport. lic Relations with their kind permission. (2) The Controller of Stationery of the State (iii) Calculating Machines -Government should make the supply on indents 19. Two' Facit-' calculating machines were presented by the Superintendents of Census received in this office on 13th August 1960, one ()perations in the respective states. hand-operated and the other electrically operated. (3) The Superintendents of Census Opera­ They would have been supplied earlier but for tions should be allowed to present the indents the difficulty in securing foreign exchange. Till up to a limit which should be prescribed having then, the Department of Statistics of the State regard to the quantum of stationery used in the Government and the statistics branch of the -census of 1961. Indents exceeding this scale Kerala University kindly allowed my office staff should be got sanctioned by the Registrar Gene­ to use their machines, Much inconvenience for ral who may do so, if necessary, in consultation want of a mechanical calculating contrivance was with the Chief Controller of Stationery. not, therefore, felt till the tabulation offices were (4) Advance arrangement should be made opened and the central tabulation work com­ with the Government of India Forms Store menced. Further details are furnished in Part B to make an initial supply of all printed forms of the report dealing with tabulation. to the Superintendents of Census Operations by (iv) Table Fans the time they assume charge. 20. Three table fans were taken 011 hire from (g) Equipment the Kerala Electricity Board during the period (i) Typewriters the office was functioning in ' Blenheim' in which 17. On my request the State Government there were no ceiling fans. accorded sanction on 7th March 1959 to the 21. At the district and charge levels no equip­ Controller of Stationery to supply typewriters ment was supplied. They met their require­ to the Superintendent of Census Operations on ments from the equipments available in their loan basis. Accordingly, a typewriter was ob­ offices. The necessary stationery and service tained from the Controller of Stationery on 13th postage stamps were, no doubt, supplied to them. March 1959, which was used till lIth July 1959 A statement of stamps and stationery supplied when the Controller of Stationery, Calcutta, to the District Census Officers and Charge supplied two 'Godrej' typewriters. Hardly had Officers is given in Appendix XXI. a period of six months elapsed when both the (h) Despatch and Receipt of Letters machines began to give trouble. Though these 22. A despatch section was organised in my were set right from time to time, the frequency office from the very beginning. This section of disorders was found highly inconvenient for attended to the entire despatch work. Though work. The fact was reported to the Registrar the District Census Officers were responsible for General and with his sanction two 'Remington the organisation of the census operations in the Rand' typewriters were purchased. The central respective districts, in view of the fact that they supply included one 'Extra Manifest' machine were not full-time officers it was not considered also. Three typewriters were hardly sufficient. appropriate to saddle them with a heavy work One -more was taken on hire from the State load in connection with the census. All the com­ Government when the central tabulation work munications'to the Charge Officers were, there­ commenced. It would be advantageous to have fore, sent direct from my office. This resulted three 'Brief' size typewriters and two 'Extra in heavy despatch work in my office which reach­ Manifest' size machines from the very beginning. ed its peak from October 1960 onwards and With the heavy typing work to be attended to it continued in that position till the count '''ould be better to supply machines of establish­ was over. To facilitate telegraphic communica­ ed quality and durability. tions a te1egraphic address' CENKERLA' was (ii) Duplicators registered for my office from the very start. 18. The duplicator is required throughout Large bundles of letters and parcels used to be the period of enumeration and tabulation especi­ sent to the Post Office almost every day for regi­ ally during the early stages when the number of stration. Thanks to the whole-hearted co-opera­ officers connected with the census operations tion of the Postal authorities the despatch had would not have been sufficiently large to justify seldom to suffer delay. There was no need for t he printing of letters and circulars. A' Gestet­ special arrangements like window delivery or ncr' duplicator was supplied to my office on Post Box. To facilitate receipt of letters in my

7 CONFERENCES office the Deputy Superintendent of Census Oper­ was to be the supervisor for the range and his ations and the Head Assistant were authorised subordinates the enumerators. A pro forma was to receive the letters on my behalf. prescribed in which the particulars of forest The First Round of Conferences ranges, supervisors and enumerators had to be­ 23. The reference date for the 1961 Census furnished by the Divisional Forest Officers. was 1st March 1961. The preliminary work had 25. These conferences besides being useful to be started with the pre-test operations as for the conduct of the pre-test operations served early as May 1959. It appeared to me that it as the very corner-stone of the census organisa­ was too early to alert the officers concerned with tion which was built up in the subsequent census operations by means of a circular letter months. Some of the persons who were sug­ and something else was necessary to make them gested as supervisors and enumerators, however, census conscious. A series of conferences at had undergone transfers before the enumeration the rate of one in each district were, hence, held date and the list of supervisors and enumerators­ to achieve this end. Before proceeding with the had to be brought uptodate before the actual conferences r had a discussion with Shri B. V. K. appointment of supervisors and enumerators was Menon, Retired First Member of the Board of effected. Even then, the task of appointing the Revenue who was the Census Commissioner, supervisors and enumerators was very much Cochin in 1941 as Dr. U. Sivaraman Nair who lightened by the preliminary list which was pre­ was the Superintendent of Census Operations of pared at this stage. The list also helped in Travancore-Cochin in 1951 was not available in assessing the availability of hands for appoint­ Kerala for consultation. The conferences were ment as supervisors and enumerators in each started on 20th April 1959 and ended on 30th charge sufficiently early. May 1959. Besides the Collector of the dis­ The Pre-test Operations trict, the Personal Assistant to the District Col­ 26. The first pre-test operations in connec­ lector, Revenue Divisional Officers, District Edu­ tion with the 1961 census was conducted by the­ cational Officers, Corporation/Municipal Com­ Department of Statistics of the State Govern­ missioners and Tahsildars were present in these ment at the instance of the Registrar General conferences. The programme of census opera­ before the Superintendents of Census Operations.. tions was explained by me in the light of the came into the scene. It was subsequently con­ longish letter of the Registrar General in every sidered by - the Registrar General that there conference. It was also decided there that the should be a second pre-test by the Superinten­ pre-test operations will be conducted in the dents of Census Operations. The object of the municipal towns of the district headquarters pre-test operations was to try out the question­ and in one village of every district and the naire consisting of the household schedule and Tahsildars will furnish for the final census in­ individual slip which were proposed for the formation about the number of vlllages in each census of 1961 and consider the difficulties and taluk, their names and area, the names of karas, shortcomings before finalising them. Eighteen desoms or muries of each village, the number centres were selected for the pre"test of which of houses in the village and the.number of super­ 9 were in urban areas and the rest in rural areas. visors and enumerators required along with the The nine urban centres were the district head-­ names of the personnel suggested, the selection quarters towns and the nine villages were sele­ being made from among primary school teachers cted at the rate of one village in every district. in the case of enumerators and graduate teach­ A list of the centres covered by the operations.. ers of high schools or middle schools and is given in Appendix II. Each centre was divided Revenue Supervisors in the case of supervisors. into three blocks with one enumerator for each Similar information was to be furnished by block and one supervisor for three blocks. The­ the Corporation/Municipal Commissioners in officers in charge of the operations were the respect of the Municipal Corporation or Corporation/Municipal Commissioners in the­ towns and their wards. Necessary proformac case of urban areas and the Tahsildars in the­ were also prescribed for the purpose. case of rural areas. Altogether 4937 buildings 24. A separate conference was held with covering 6320 census houses and 4450 census the Chief Conservator of Forests and the Divi­ households were covered by the operations. The sional Forest Officers in which it was decided number of households varied from centre to that each forest division will be treated as a centre ranging between 102 and 303. Tn respect charge and the Divisional Forest Officer will be of rural areas, teachers of primary schools were in charge of the operations, the unit of organi­ engaged as enumerators and teachers of high sation being a forest range. The Range Officer schools or Revenue Supervisor, as supervisors_

8 FIRST CONFERENCE OF THE SUPERINTENDENTS

In the case of urban areas Health Inspectors for a week for this tabulation. This was were appointed as supervisors and their subor­ without any charge on the Census Department. dinates as enumerators. The minimum qualifi­ Their work was supervised by the statistical cation of an enumerator was S. S. L. C. while assistants of my office who had already been most of the supervisors were graduates with a trained in sorting work in the office of the few exceptions of S. S. L. C.s and Intermediates. Registrar General, New Delhi. The remaining The Charge Officers were trained by the Superin­ items were sorted later. A report on the pre­ tendent of Census Operations and the supervisors test operations analysing the various aspects like and enumerators by the Charge Officers. The the average time taken for enumeration, quali­ operations were started. on different dates in fications for recruitment of supervisors and different centres in order to enable me to check enumerators, extent of wastage of schedules and their work. The following was the pattern of slips involved, results of tabulation, average the programme:- size of the family etc. was submitted to the Training of the Charge Officers Registrar General. The invaluable experience by the Superintendent of Census gained in the pre-test operations was found to Operations 1 day be extremely useful in offering suitable sugges­ Preliminary training of super- tions for finalising the hOllselist, the household visors and enumerators by the schedule and the questionnaire. Charge Officers 3 days 27. Though at first no honorarium was pro­ House numbering and houselist- posed to be given to the supervisors and enumer­ ing operations . 3 days ators engaged in the pre-test operations, on my Intensive training of supervisors taking up the matter with the Registrar General, and enumerators by the Charge a sum of Rs. 10/- was sanctioned for each super­ Officers for enumeration 3 days visor and enumerator. Regular T. A. was also Enumeration 6 days paid to those Charge Officers who attended the The instructions for the conduct of the oper­ training classes. ations were issued both in English and in The First Conference of the Superintendents of Malayalam. On my request, the State Govern­ Census Operations ment issued orders to the Heads of Departments 28. Immediately after the second pre-test to direct the officers concerned with the conduct operations, the first conference of the Superin­ of the operations to undertake the work without tendents of Census Operations was held in New prejudice to their normal work. The Govern­ Delhi from 24th September 1959 to 1st October ment also prohibited their transfer from their 1959. The period of over six months which had place .of work till the operations' were over. expired between the appointment of the Superin­ A press release was issued by me' informing the tendents of Census Operations and the conference public that the information collected in the had given the Superintendents sufficient time to pre-test operations will be kept strictly confiden­ get themselves acquainted with the literature on tial and seeking their hearty co-operation for census operations as well as to gain practical the successful conduct of the operations. I experience by the conduct of the pre-test opera­ visited all the centres during the operations and tions. In the light of the discussions in the inspected the houselists, household schedules conference decisions were taken on the follow­ and enumeration slips. The Charge Officers, ing :- supervisors and the enumerators were also inter­ (1) Finalisation of the houselist, household viewed by me and their doubts cleared. The schedule, census population record, indi­ period of 6 days fixed for enum:!ration was vidual slip and instructions for filling found insufficient by most of the Charge Officers, up these forms the additional time taken being two or three (2) Printing of the various forms and in- days. The Municipal Commissioners of structions Alleppey and Palghat and the Tahsildars of (3) Location code and census divisions Kottarakara and Kozhikode, however, for­ (4) Procurement and preparation of maps warded the papers in time. A few items of the (5) House numbering and houselisting data collected in the pre-test operations were· (6) Rural-urban classification sorted and tabulated as per the instructions of (7) Enumeration staff set-up the Registrar General before the first conference (8) Enumeration procedure of the Superintendents of Census Operations. (9) Training A small contingent of staff consisting of 4 sorters (10) Training sample census was borrowed from the Department of Statistics (11) Publicity

9 THE CENSUS SCHEDULES

(12) Publication of provisional totals (4) Material of the walls (13) Enumeration expenditure including ho­ (5) Material of the roof norarium to enumerators and clerical In the case of census houses used as a work­ , assistance to District and Charge Offi­ shop or factory the following additional particu­ cers and other enumeration charges lars were entered in the houselist :- (14) Recognition of the services of enumera- (1) Name of the establishment or the pro­ tors other than payment of honorarium prietor (15) Post-enumeration check (2) Name of the products or repair or (16) Recasting of 1951 census tables servicing undertaken (17) Revie\v of the draft of census tables (3) Average number of persons employed (18) Preliminary arrangement for tabulation daily during the week prior to the (19) Information to be collected for District house numbering . Census Handbook and Village Surveys (4) Kind of fuel or power, if machinery It is not necessary to deal with the decisions at is used length here as they will have to be referred to In respect of residential houses the following in the appropriate places. However, it may be particulars were noted in addition to those mentioned that the composite household sche­ applicable to all houses :- dule-cum-individual slip which was tried out in the pre-test operations was changed splitting up (1) The name of the head of the household the same into the household schedule with the (2) Number of rooms in the census house­ population record on the reverse of it and the hold individual slip. The proposal to number separate (3) Whether owned or rented structures of a house like garages, bath-rooms (4) Number of persons (sex-war) residing in etc. was also given up. The decisions in respect the census household on the house num­ of the draft census tables, the information to bering date be collected for the District Census Handbook A copy of the houselist is given as Appendix and .vi.nage surveys were pursued in greater III. This elaborate houselist has enabled the col­ detaIl m the second conference of the Superinten­ lection of a good deal of useful data relating to dents of Census Operations as these could not housing conditions which have been incorpora­ be dealt with exhaustively in the first conference. ted in Part TV of the Census Report. It has to Census Schedules and Their Printing be mentioned in this connection that the record­ 29. The schedules for the 1961 Census con­ ing of the number of the inmates of the house­ sisted of three items viz., the houselist the holds in the houselist was found to be extremely household schedule with the popUlation r~cord useful in checking up whether the number of on its reverse and the individual slip. household schedules and individual slips printed The Houselist for enumeration was sufficient and also to se­ 30. In the previous censuses no particulars cure efficient and correct distribution of the other than the name of the head of the house­ household schedules and individual slips to the hold and the number of the house were entered enumerators on the basis of the number of house­ in the houseIjst. In the census of 1872 there holds and population with the result that the ,,,as a column in the house register dealing with confusion which used to prevail in this respect the roof of the house as to whether it was ter­ causing unnecessary shortages and surpluses of raced, tiled or thatched. This was not continu­ enumeration schedules in the various blocks and ed in the subsequent censuses. There was also the last minute problem of finding additional no uniformity in respect of the contents of the forms for the enumerators was completely absent houselist adopted by the various states in India. in the census of 1961. It was only in 1961 that a uniform pattern for The Household Schedule the houselist was prescribed providing for a 31. The household schedule consisted of wealth of details about both residential and non­ two parts, the first part dealing with the parti­ residential houses. In respect of all houses, culars of household cultivation and household whether residential or not, the following parti­ industry along with the workers in household culars were included in the houselist : - cultivation or household industry or both and (1) Building number th~ second part givin~ the name, sex, relation­ (2) Building number with sub-numbers for ShIP to head, age, mantal status and description each census house of work of !he members of the household. The (3) Purpose for which the census house is IR;tter part IS to.be compiled from the individual used e.g., dwelling, shop etc. slIps before closmg the enumeration of a house-

10 TIm INDIVIDUAL SLIP hold. A copy of the household schedule is given identification, relationship to the head of the as Appendix IV. The first part of the household household, sex, age, marital status, birth-place schedule giving the particulars of household cul­ and other particulars relating to migration, tivation, household industry and the workers nationality, religion, whether the person belongs therein is a new feature of the 1961 Census com­ to a scheduled caste or scheduled tribe, literacy pared to the previolSs ones. Tlte household and education, mother tongue and any other cultivation for the purpose of the schedule has language, five economic questions. The mig­ been defined to cover plots or parcels of land ration statistics were produced in the earlier which are cultivated by the household itself i. e., censuses by the data on birth-place. This being lands which lie within the village or in an ad­ inadequate for a demographic study of the jacent village or within such a distance as to population with reference to internal migration, enable the household to work on the land or two new questions were included, one to ascer­ actively supervise its cultivation. If, however, the tain from a person who was not born at the head of the household insists that he is cultivat­ place of enumeration whether his birth-place ing the land situated at a distance from his house­ was rural or urban and the other to ascertain hold his statement will be accepted and such land the duration of his residence at the place of also treated as coming within the scope of house­ enumeration. The former is meant to assess the hold cultivation. For the purpose of the above extent of rural-urban migration in view of the ~efinition, cultivation involves ploughing, sowing growing industrialisation of the country. A .and harvesting and consists of the production of departure has been made in the concept for the the cereal crops (including Bengal gram) such as collection of economic data from that of the rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, maize, roots and tubers earlier Indian censuses which stressed the in­ like potato, yam, beet, sugarcane etc., produc­ come or economic independence as a yardstick tion of pulses such as arhar, moong, masur, urd, to measure the economy of a country, as it was khesari and other grams, and production of raw felt that this yardstick of income or economic jute, raw cotton and kindred fibre crops. The defini­ independence does not take adequate cognizance tion of household industry was made simpler and of those who are actually engaged in the family acceptable to all levels of intelligence after the economy but without actual earning of income, second pre-test operations. Thus, household in­ like men other than the head of the household. ,dustry was defined as "an industry not on the and women or children of the house working scale of a registered factory conducted by the at cultivation or cottage industries of the house­ head of the household himself and/or mainly by hold. The economic questions for the 1961 the members of the household at home or within Census have, therefore, been so framed as to the village in rural areas and only at home in bring all people who work including the family the urban areas". Participation of the head workers who are not in receipt of any income or

11 CENTRALISATION OF INSTRUCTIONS employed before but seeking employment for remember all the items at the time of enumera­ the first time and (8) persons employed before tion. This difficulty could be obviated if the but now out of employment and seeking employ. definition is given in such a manner as to des­ ment. A copy of the individual slip is given cribe the class of items which come under culti­ as Appendix V. vation. E. g., if the definition of cultivation could Centralisation of Instructions be given as restricted to the cultivation of sea­ 33. The instructions for house numbering sonal crops, it will facilitate quicker grasp and and houselisting and enumeration were uniform better memory on the part of the enumerators. throughout India. In the case of instructions It often happens that after the issue of the for house numbering and for filling up the central instructions several points of references houselist some modifications were adopted in are made to the Registrar General by the various respect of Kerala. While the four element Superintendents of Census Operations and clari­ location code was the uniform pattern for India, fications are issued by the Registrar General in respect of Kerala a five element location code on them. At' times such clarifications are was conceded in view of the large size of the omitted to be circulated to all Superinten­ revenue villages. Another exception was con­ dents of Census Operations, the reply being $idered necessary in regard to column (2) of the given only to the Superintendent who raised houselist. This column carries the heading the question. This omission to circulate the "Building Number (Municipal or local authority clarifications' which are of general application is or Census Number, if any)". The instructions likely to result in want of uniformity among the under this column were to the effect that where Superintendents of Census Operations in the there are municipal or local authority numbers interpretation of the central instructions. A on the houses but there are reasons to believe typical instance where a clarification issued to that the number is incomplete or unsatisfactory, me by the Registrar General on a point raised the municipal or local authority number may by me having bearing on the definition of house­ still be entered in column (2) but at the same hold industry was not circulated to other states time it will be necessary to serially number the resulting in the probability of there being dis­ buildings afresh for the purposes of census parity in the figures of this and other states operations and to give the new serial given for was brought by me to the notice of the Registrar the buildings in column (3). It was apprehended General who appreciated the view point. No that this direction given in the instructions is difficulty has been caused by the uniform instruc­ likely to mislead the enumerators in view of the tions issued by the Registrar General for house heading of column (3) which was -"Building numbering and enumeration. Exceptions to Number (Column 2) with sub-numbers for each central instructions may have to be made in census house". The Registrar General was, deserving cases according to the local conditions therefore, addressed by me pointing out my wherever necessary. In the case of special apprehension and requesting that since I propose surveys, it would be desirable to prescribe a to assign fresh numbers to all houses in both minimum questionnaire from the centre leaving municipal and non-municipal areas, I may be the rest to be supplemented by the respective permitted to put the census building number in Superintendents of Census Operations according column (2) and that number with the sub­ to local conditions. number of the census house in column (3). This Translation of Schedules and Instructions was agreed to by the Registrar General as a 35. As per the decision of the first confer­ special case for Kerala State. - ence of the Superintendents of Census Opera­ 34. There can be no doubt that uniform tions the schedules and instructions had to be central instructions are essential for the main translated into regional languages. An experi­ census operations dealing with house numbering, ment at translation of the questionnaire and houselisting and the filling up of the household instructions into Malayalam was made for the schedules and individual slips. In adopting the pre-test operations. For the final operations, illustrations it would perhaps be mOre conveni­ the schedules were translated into Malayalam, ent if illustrations applicable to all parts of India Tamil and Kannada. But, only the Malayalam are given instead of those which apply to so;n;:: translation of the schedules had to be prepared by parts only. The definition of cultivatio:1 given me, the Tamil and the Kannada translations in the instructions to enumerators is more in being attended to by the Superintendents of Cen­ terms of specific items coming under it tha:1 by sus Op:!rations of Madras and Mysore States way of enunciating a principle or a chss. It respectively. The translations of the houselist, was, therefore, difficult for the enum!rator3 to the household schedule and the individual slip

12 PREPARATION OF THE BLOCKS AND PRINTING into Malayalam were prepared by me in consult­ advice of the Chief Controller of Stationery and ation with the Editor of the Malayalam Lexicon Printing. No colour paper was 'centrally sup­ and sent to the Registrar General for approval. plied. Hence, colour paper for the title pages The insttuctions for house numbering and house­ of instructions and identification cards in the listing as also for enumeration were translated Kuttanad area had to be taken from the State into Malayalam, Tamil and Kannada here itself. Controller of Stationery. It has to be acknow­ The Tamil and Kannada translations of the in­ ledged with gratitude that the State Controller structions for houselisting had to be got done on of Stationery was prompt and helpful throughout payment of an honorarium of Rs. 25/- for each our operations by suppJying articles of station­ for want of members on the staff of my office ery and printing paper referred to above when­ who knew these languages. Subsequently two ever I was in difficulty. lower division clerks were appointed, one having Preparation of the Blocks and Printing Tamil as second language and the other Kannada 37. The decision in the first conference of as second language for their degree courses. the Superintendents of Census Operations was The instructions both for house numbering and that the houselists, household schedules, indi­ enumeration were translated into Malayalam vidual slips and enumerator's abstracts on the mostly by me. The translations of the instruc­ cover of the individual slip pad in English as tions for enumeration into Tamil and Kannada well as regional languages and instructions in were prepared in my office by the special staff English should be centrally printed and mentioned above. In the case of house list forms, distributed to the Superintendents of Censu!> since the location code for Kerala had five ele­ Operations according to their requirements which ments instead of four for other states I addressed should be reported sufficiently early. As the the Superintendents of Census Operations of required types in all the regionallang'uages were Madras and Mysore to add the fifth element of not available at the Government of India Presses the location code also in the forms so that the where it was proposed to print the forms, the necessary forms for this state could also be print­ Superintendents were instructed to get the ed along with those for Madras and Mysore. fiongs prepared locally in consultation with the The Registrar General simplified this by instru­ local Government of India Press or the State cting that instead of printing the fifth element of Government Press in respect of the census the location code we may use rubber stamps for schedules in regional languages and send the the houselists in Tamil, Kannada and English fiongs with a special messenger to the Registrar used for Kerala to correct the location code. General. The flongs were preferred to blocks as However, there was no occasion to do this since it was considered that blocks may not yield good the houselisting could be done in Malayalam impressions for such a large number of copies forms. as required for census. The question of pre­ Supply of Printing Paper paring the flongs was attendd with the difficulty 36. The Registrar General had made ar­ of finding out suitable small types which are rangements with the Chief Controller of Sta­ not normally available in the State Government tionery and Printing early in 1959 for the initial Press or private presses. So far as Kerala was supply of 100 reams of 46 Ibs. Double Royal concerned, the necessary types for the flongs of white printing paper to every Superintendent of the houselist, household schedule and enumer­ Census Operations to meet his imme4iate require­ ator's abstract were available in the State ments. This consignment arrived on 24th Nov­ Government Press, Trivandrum. There is no ember 1959. Before this date it was necessary Central Government Press in Trivandrum. As to get printed certain instructions for the second the small types required for the individual slips pre-test operations and a few copies of a sam­ were not available either in the Government ple folder prepared by me for the first conference Press or private presses in Trivandrum, I of the Superintendents of Census Operations. contacted the Manager of the C. M. S. Press, The paper for this printing was taken from the Kottayam who agreed to make the flongs and Controller of Stationery of the State Govern­ send me a proof of the same. At this stage, an ment. The paper requirements except for re­ experiment was made in Madras by taking a porting were estimated at 945 reams including photograph of the matter prepared in large types the 100 reams already supplied. The supply was and reducing it to the appropriate size in pre­ received on 22nd March 1960. The first con­ paring the block. The Registrar General, on signment of 100 reams was supplied by the Tita­ receipt of this block, in consultation with the ghur Paper Mills, Calcutta and the second one Chief Controller of Stationery and Printing, by the Star Paper Mills, Calcutta, both under decided to change the earlier instructions tv 13 ESTIMATE OF THE NUMBER OF FORMS supply the flongs and preferred to have the Registrar General had already fixed a formula bJocks. The centres for the preparation of for estimating the number of forms. According these blocks were fixed by the Registrar General to this, the number of individual slips was to be grouping a number of states for each centre. estimated by taking the population of 1951 plus Accordingly, the blocks for Kerala were to be 25% to cover the increase in popUlation up to prepared in the Government Press, Madras, the 1961, 15% of the above estimated number for matter for the blocks being supplied to the reserve wi th each Charge Officer, 5% wi th the Superintendent of Census Operations, Madras. District Census Officer and 5% with the Super­ This was done. However, the timely printing intendent of Census Operations. In the case of of the forms in red ink for the training of the household schedules and houselist forms the enumeration staff was not ensured with the number was estimated at one fifth of the slips result that the forms had to be got printed by and one tenth of the household schedUles res­ me in Trivandrum. Even the black ink forms pectively. The question of the languages in of the houselist could not be received sufficiently which the schedules had to be printed and the early. I had to request for the despatch of a number required in each language had also to be small consignment of the forms by air to reach decided in addition to the above. This problem me in time and but for the fortunate arrival was not without its difficulties. A vast majority o£ the first consignment by air arranged by of the villages in Kerala contain people speaking the Superintendent of Census Operations, several languages other than Malayalam though Maharashtra, the inauguration of the house their proportion to Malayalam-speaking popu­ numbering operations in Kerala would have lation is insignificant in several cases. It was had to be postponed. The block of the considered impracticable to furni$h the schedules individual slip in Malayalam contained the word in all these languages, the only possible course ~ ffi):ldlA1m:tJ)J.' while the approved term furnish­ being to restrict the supply of schedules in ed by me was '«JlOdI1tIlO_l no ' . Since both the languages other than Malayalam to those areas words mean the same it was not, however, neces­ where such languages dominated. The Election sary to correct the printed copies. I take this Department had taken notice of only Tamil and opportunity to express my gratitude to the Kannada languages other than Malayalam. The Superintendents of Census Operations of Madras areas in which both Tamil and Malayalam were and Maharashtra for the trouble taken in the recognized consisted of the original Devicolam preparation of the blocks for Kerala by the and Peermade taluks subsequently split up into former and for facilitating the despatch of forms 3 taluks, the additional one being Udumbanchola by the latter. I should add that so far as the taluk. Kannada and Malayalam were recognized preparation of the blocks is concerned it is not in the Kasaragod and Hosdrug taluks. There quite necessary in future to get the work done was some difficulty in apportioning the number in Madras when necessary facilities are available of Tamil and Malayalam-speaking population in in Kerala itself. It may also be mentioned here the taluks of Devicolam, Peermade and Udum­ that even before the revised instructions preferr­ banchola and also in apportioning the number ing blocks to Hongs were received from the of Kannada and Malayalam-speaking population Registrar General the Superintendent of Govern­ of the Kasaragod and Hosdrug taluks. There ment Presses, Kerala with whom I discussed was also a possibility of an inHux of the Tamil­ the question of preparing the Hongs suggested speaking population in the Tamil and Malayalam­ the idea of preparing the blocks by reduction speaking taluks referred to above, they being process from large types to tide over the diffi­ plantation areas. To tide over this difficulty cultyof the non-availability of suitable small certain deviations were made from the formula types for the Hongs. This proposal was rejected mentioned above in respect of these bilingual by me only in the light of the expert opinion areas by providing an additional percentage of expressed in the first conference of the Superin­ forms. It was also decided to supply only tendents of Census Operations by the Chief Con­ Malayalam forms in all other areas. A few troller of Stationery and Printing that blocks English forms were, however, found necessary in will not yield good impressions for printing the special areas. The total number of schedules copies on a large scale. estimated in the various languages is given Estimate of the Number of Copies below:- 38. Before the actual printing was taken up Individual slips in Malayalam the number of copies of the various forms had 20,962,400 to be determined. In the first conference of the Tamil 242,500 " Kannada Superintendents of Census Operations the " 199,800 14 THE PRINTING OF SCHEDULES

Household schedules in schedule in English was indented for this state Malayalam 4,192,500 as it was considered that it will be unne­ "Tamil 48,500 cessary. Subsequently, the Charge Officers of " Kannada 40 000 the Naval Base and Military units requested for Houselist forms in Malayalam 428:100 some English forms. A supplemeJ)tary indent -Details of calculation are given in Appendix had, therefore, to be placed for English forms VI and also in Letter No. CI-118/59 dated and the supply was received in time. Again, it 30th October 1959 addressed to the Registrar was not originally intended to have a ' training -General. sample census' for supervisors. But, later it 39. To leave this portion of my report was decided to have one for them. The number without a word about the adoption of regional of reserve enumerators was also enhanced con­ languages for the census schedules will be sequent on the central instructions received at a rendering it incomplete. It is by no means later stage. The quantity of red ink forms in possible to correctly assess the number of Malayalam indented for was not fully received people who speak different languages in each from the press. These resulted in a shortage of charge and much less in each block. As such red ink forms for the training sample census. even if the schedules are supplied iI'l. more than This was tided over by using some English ,one language to a particular charge it is extre­ and Malayalam black ink forms with the seal mely difficult to ensure that a Malayalam-know­ T. S. C. representing training sample census ing person is enumerated in a Malayalam affixed on them. To guard against the possible schedule or a Tamil-knowing person in a Tamil shortage of black ink forms in English and schedule. If this is to be ensured cent per cent, Malayalam by the above diversion the Superin­ an equal number of schedules should be printed tendent of Census Operations, Madras was re­ in all the languages, which would mean a costly quested to spare a few black ink English forms ,duplication and wastage. Apart from this, the which he kindly and promptly did and the -order of continuity in using the census schedules Government of India Press, Nasik was addressed in one pad will also be disturbed. What really through the Registrar General to make good happens is that in spite of the supply of forms the red ink forms in Malayalam which were not in different languages in bilingual areas a person supplied according to our indent by sending who knows Malayalam will be enumerated in a black ink forms instead. These forms were also Tamil form and a person who knows Tamil in a received in time. A shortage in red ink forms Malayalam form. Th.i.s is true of Kannada and in Kannada for training sample census was Malayalam also. The only purpose served by tided over with the kind help rendered by the printing the questionnaire in regional languages Superintendent of Census Operations, Mysore on is to help an enumerator who does not know my request by supplying a few forms in time. English. So far as Kerala is concerned it seems A consignment of black ink forms intended for unnecessary to have the schedules printed in Kerala was wrongly addressed to the Superin­ regional languages. The enumeration forms tendent of Census Operations, Pondicherry contain only short questions or captions. These which, however, was redirected by the latter -<:ould be followed in English by one having but and received here in time. an elementary knowledge of English which every The Printing of Schedules enumerator in Kerala possesses. It is for the 41. The ho~sehold schedules, individual first time that in Kerala the enumeration sche­ slips and the enumerator's abstract on the pad -dules have been supplied in different languages of the individual slips in English, Malayalam. in bilingual areas. Experience leads me to think Tamil and Kannada, the houselist forms in that it will be quite sufficient if the enumera­ English and Malayalam and the instructions for tion schedules are printed in English for the house numbering and houselisting and instru­ whole state. This would save a lot of unneces­ ctions for enumeration in English were printed ,sary trouble and ensure better accuracy. This in the Government of India Press, Nasik, under -observation does not apply to instructions. The the advice of the Registrar General. Most of instructions should be printed in Malayalam as these were received by lorry with the exception well as the main regional languages like Tamil of a very small consignment of houselist forms .and Kannada as they cannot be foUowed in which was received by air and a few sent by English by some of the enumerators. train and stored in my office for distribution at 40. The estimate of forms proved quite the proper time. It has to be mentioned that satisfactory. However, the following minor the hiring of lorries for this purpose has con­ ,difficulties were experienced. No black ink siderably expedited the transit of forms. lf on

15 DIFFICULTIES IN LOCAL PRIr-iTING the other hand, they were sent by train there ery and Printing to. relax this procedure by would have been considerable delay and uncer­ autharising me to. pass the bills in cases where­ tainty about the date of receipt of these forms. I have no daubt and in daubtful cases to get the­ While some of the schedules were received safely bills certified by the Superintendent af Gavern­ packed in gunny bags the rest were sent in ment Presses, Trivandrum. This prapasal was­ unpacked bundles. Needless to say that the appraved by the Ministry subject to. certain gunny bundles are better for safety in transit canditians, the mast important af them being and storage. Suitable labelling will also be that the rates to. be sanctioned should not exceed helpful. the rates prescribed by the Chief Controller of Difficulties in Local Printing Stationery and Printing and the percentages of 42. All the items with the exception of wastage to be allowed shauld also be in accor­ those mentioned above were locally printed. dance with those prescribed by him. There was These consisted of forms, registers, instructions some difficulty in conforming to the percentages in regional languages, circulars, banners etc. af wastage prescribed by the rules issued by the The Superintendents of Census Operations were Chief Cantroller of Stationery and Printing as authorised to get locally the above items of the local- presses were accustomed to get one printing done either in the Government of per cent wastage in mast cases and mare than one­ India Press or in the State Government per cent in others. When this condition regard­ Press or in the private presses, if printing ing the wastage was put acrass to the presses, in the Government presses was not possible. some which were taking up the printing af the There was no Central Government Press in Census Department declined to do so. One of Kerala when the census operations commen­ the presses insisted on getting the charges as per ced. As such, the choice lay between the State the rates qua ted instead of the amount certified Government Press and the private presses. The by the Superintendent af Government Presses, Superintendent of Government Presses, Trivan­ Trivandrum. As it was not passible according drum, on being addressed about the taking up of to. the canditions mentianed abave to pay the­ the printing for ce.nsus operations expressed his press anything more than what was certified by inability to cope with the work in view of the the Superintendent af Government Presses the­ increasing volume of work of the State Govern­ demand made by the press far the amaunt at the­ ment. However, he has obliged by taking up quoted rate was rejected, eventually leading to­ the urgent items of printing work which it was the filing of a suit by that press for the claim not possible to entrust to private presses. On which is still pending. 1n one instance it was occasions when the Government Press, Trivan­ faund that the press which was entrusted with drum, could not take up the work, the Central an item of wark accarding to the lowest quota­ Prison Press was asked to take up some items of tian was nat in a posi tion to. complete the work work, the most important one being the print­ in scheduled time. I had, therefare, to contact ing of forms for tabulation. The Director of the ather presses and get the work done with Survey and Land Records also obliged by taking their co-operatian at the same rate which was up the printing of tabulation forms of very large affered to the first press. In spite of the severe size in his litho press. Barring the few items restrictions imposed up an the entrustment of of work referred to above which were accepted printing wark to private presses and the some­ by the Superintendent of Government Presses, what protracted procedure of passing their bills, Trivandrum and the Director of Survey and the private presses in the state had extended Land Records, the rest of the items were entrust­ their co-operation to. this department with a ed to private presses. The rules far the entrust­ laudable ml!asure af patience and accommo­ ment of the wark to. private presses required datian. inviting af quatatians and acceptance of the 43. Printing is a prablem which is likely to­ lawest. Even then, the bill cauld be passed confront the Superintendents of Census Opera­ only far the amount certified by the Chief Con­ tians in future also. By far the most impart­ traIler af Statianery and Printing. There were ant factor is that the State Gavernment Presses. other rules also regulating the rates and wastage shauld be in a pasition to. take up the maximum of paper. It was considered unworkable to send quantity af work af the Census Department every bill to the Chief Controller of Stationery which they can possibly alford. With the increa­ and Printing for his certificatian for payment in sing number of Government Presses going into­ view af the inevitable delay involved in the pra­ production in Kerala and a Central Government cedure. I, therefore, requested the Registrar Press in the offing. it should be possible to. get a General to. move the ChiefContraller of Statian- larger measure of printing dane in Government

16 DlSTlUBUTION OF SCHEDULES presses in future than now. Yet, it may not be 3 per cent to cover the increase of population possible to get every i tern of work done in the between the date of houselisting and the enumer­ Government presses. It would be necessary then ation date. In the case of district headquarters to entrust to competent private presses the re­ towns t per cent of the houselist population was maining items of work. But a decision will also added in addition to the above in view of have to be taken centrally about the relaxation the possibility of there being a large number of to be granted to the Superintendents of Census the houseless population in the area. Fifteen Operations in entrusting the work to private per cent of the slips calculated on the above basis presses. Some of the conditions like the entrust­ was sent to every Charge Officer as reserve. ment of work with the press as per the cheap­ The household schedules were calculated at the est quotation, the scrutiny of th~ bills by rate of one-fifth of the individual slips. The the Chief Controller of Stationery and Printing, number of other forms was calculated accor­ the payment of the bills only as certified by him ding to the nature of each case. The District and that too subject to the rates allowed by the Census Officers were given a reserve of 5 per cent rules framed by him and the fixation of the per­ A similar reserve was kept in my office also. centage of wastage below one per cent in some Instructions in this behalf are covered by Cir­ cases render the orders of the Census Department cular Letter No. XX dated 15th September 196() unattractive to private presses. It is, therefore, given as Appendix XIV. The Charge Officers were necessary that these conditions should be suit­ instructed to distribute the schedules to each ably relaxed. I would suggest the following enumerator on the basis of the above calculation rela~ations for consideration in future :- for the block. This mode of distribution wa~ (1) The rule that the work can be entrusted found to be extremely helpful in avoiding un­ only as per the cheapest quotation should be re­ expected shortages and unnecessary locking up laxed. The press which quotes the lowest rate of surplus schedules in any block. The forms might not always be a competent press. The were sent in lorries and wherever possible in the Superintendent. of Census Operations should, office van. A clerk of the office of the District therefore, have the freedom to choose the presses Census Officer ,vas sent in the lorry meant for according to competence and in doing so, if the each district to see to the correct distribution rate quoted by such a press happens to be higher of the forms to each Charge Officer. • than the cheapest quotation, the Superintendent of Census Operations should be free to accept it (b) A Mishap subject to only one condition that the rate should 45. It so happened that in the course of the not exceed the rate prescribed by the Central shifting of the office from one building to another Government. a few bundles containing pads of 100 slips (2) When once the cheapest quotation has were placed along wi th the bundles containing been accepted there is no point in reducing the pads of 25 slips and bundles containing pads of amount which the party can claim according to 25 slips with bundles of 100 slip pads. As these the quotation on the ground that it is more than bundles were in gunny bags this mistake in the rate prescribed by the Chief Controller of stocking the forms was not detected at the time Stationery and Printing. In all cases where the of sending the forms. This incident created a ~heapest quotation has been accepted it is only lot of anxiety subsequent to the initial distri­ fair that the payment is made accordingly. bution as repdrts began to be received from (3) The percentage of wastage should be Charge Officers alleging shortages in the supply. allowed according to the rates admitted by the Reference had, therefore, to be made to all State G

17 PREPARATION OF MAPS

(c) Expenditure for Distribution by the done, due to the paucity of hands the Director Charge Officers of Survey and Land Records expressed his in­ 46. The Charge Officers were informed that ability to do this work within the scheduled no expenditure should be incurred in sending time unl~ss he was given the necessary staff. At messengers for distribution of forms to the super­ this stage it was considered too risky to leave visors and enumerators. The instructions to the implementation of the orders of the State supervisors were to be sent by post. But the Government to a prolonged schedule of time instructions and red ink forms for enumerators which alone the staff position of the office of as well as the red ink forms for the supervisors the Director of Survey and Land Records would were to be distributed in the first training class permit. T, therefore, addressed the Registrar held for supervisors who, in their turn, were General pointing out the circumstances and to arrange the distribution of forms to the recommending the appointment of two draughts­ enumerators in the training classes held for men by me to work under the instructions them. The black ink forms were to be sent to of the Director of Survey and Land Records the supervisors for distribution to the enumer­ and prepare the taluk maps. The draughtsmen ators with the Village Officers who come to the prepared the original of the taluk maps in the taluk office every week to remit kists. In the course of three months. These had then to be case of the Divisional Forest Officers and transferred to zinc plates and the necessary Corporation / Municipal Commissioners similar copies taken which meant another laborious arrangements were to be made through their stage of work. My discussion with the Director subordinates. In spite of these instructions a few of Survey and Land Records revealed that Charge Officers had claimed T. A. for some appointment of full-time staff for this purpose messengers sent by them and in some other cases would entail huge expenditure besides longer transport charges were claimed. These were time. We, therefore, considered that all avai­ paid. However, the instructions given as above lable hands in the office of the Director of had considerable effect in reducing the expen­ Survey and Land Records should be put on diture on this account. this work on overtime duty and the work Preparation of Maps got done in time paying suitable honorarium 47. The importance of correct maps for the to the staff. The proposal was agreed to by state, districts, taluks, towns, forest divisions, the Registrar General who was pleased to villages, wards of towns and ranges of forest sanction a sum of Rs. 1,431.74 as honor­ divisions in the conduct of the census operations arium to the staff which was distributed among need not be emphasised. A state map in the the concerned staff. Accordingly, the taluk scale of 1 inch = 4 miles was supplied to the maps were got ready in time and one copy Registrar General and one copy kept in my sent to the Registrar General, one copy each of office. With the help of the Chief Conservator the concerned taluks to the District Census of Forests, the forest divisions were also got Officers and Tahsildars and two copies kept in marked in the state map kept in my office. The this office. The Registrar General subsequently R.gistrar General had suggested that five copies informed me that the blocks and circles may be each of the maps of taluks in the scale of marked in the copy sent to him and he does not I inch = 1 mile should be procured and one require a second copy. Thus the blocks and copy should be retained by the Superintendent circles were marked in the copy of the map sent of Census Operations, one copy should be sent to the Registrar General and one copy kept in to the District Census Officer, one copy to my office. In regard to the municipal and non­ the Tahsildar and the remaining two to the municipal towns as well as the forest divisions Registrar General. Of these, one copy had to also similar maps were got prepared by the be sent immediately to the Registrar General respective Charge Officers and supplied to the and the second copy was to be sent after demar­ Registrar General keeping one copy in my office. cating the blocks and circles towards the end It has to be mentioned in this behalf that some of 1960. My discussions with the Director of of the Municipal Commissioners claimed the Survey and Land Records revealed that subse­ expenditure for the preparation of these maps. quent to the reorganisation of taluks and villages This, however, was not paid as it was obligatory no up to date maps of taluks had been prepared for every l]1unicipality to prepare a map for its in the State. The State Government was, there­ own use and copying of the same could not have fore, addressed to instruct the Director of involved much expenditure. The item was not Survey and Land Records to furnish the necess­ pressed by the municipalities. Coming to the ary copies of the maps to me. Though this was lowest unit of villages, wards of towns and

18 RURAL~ URBAN CLASSIFICATION

ranges of forest divisions, in the very first cir­ within the municipal limits were invariably trea­ ooCular letter issued by me setting out the general ted as towns for the purposes of census. But, fe~ures of the census operations, instructions in respect of other areas, it was left to the were given to prepare six copies of the maps Superintendents of Census Operations to select ·()f each ward, village and forest range showing such of the places of continuous collection of the boundaries of each ward in the case of a houses possessing urban characteristics as towns. town, of each kara, desom or muri in the case In the 1951 Census, however, so far as the -of a village and of each forest range in the case Travancore-Cochin area was concerned, besides -of a forest division and other important land- municipal towns, civil lines and cantonments, marks which would facilitate house numbering areas for which conservancy arrangements were in specific directions and their physical verifica­ made by the Public Health Department which tion at a subsequent stage. After marking the were called conservancy towns were recognized .above particulars at the preliminary stage the as census towns. In the Malabar area, instead house numbers, blocks and circles were also of the conservancy towns, certain panchayat marked in them subsequently. In the case of areas were treated as towns besides the munici­ karas, desoms or muris the survey boundaries palities, cantonments and civil lines. In view were not available. Hence directions were given of the growing importance of urbanisation, the to define them by natural boundaries and wher­ 1961 Census laid down a threefold criterion for ever such natural boundaries were not available, classification of an area as a town besides the by indicating survey numbers along the boundary corporations, municipalities, civil lines and lines. Such clear demarcation of boundaries cantonment boards which were automatically was helpful in eliminating chances of overlap­ included in the category of towns. According ping of units. The maps were prepared accord­ to the above criterion, it was only places with ingly. All the maps of taluks and towns sent a minimum popUlation of 5000 persons and a to the Registrar General as well as one set of density of not less than 1000 persons per sq. mile copies kept here were bound in suitable volumes. with at least 75 per cent of the male popUlation The second set kept in this office were mounted following non-agricultural pursuits that could be as wall maps. It is a matter for gratification recognized as towns. Exceptional cases were to to say that the territorial divisions up to the be included only in consultation with the last unit have been fully covered by the maps Registrar General and the State Government. prepared as above and preserved for future Barring a few exceptions numbering 23 the rest reference. of the non-municipal towns fulfilled the criterion Contribution of Census Mapping to the Archives mentioned above. The exceptions were either of the State Government and the Directorate of towns according to the 1951 Census which do Survey and Land Records not satisfy the criterion for 1961 or places of 48. It would be found from the above that growing importance having urban characteristics. the taluk maps of the Kerala State after the On the whole, there were one municipal cor­ reorganisation of the taluks were not available poration, 28 municipal towns, one cantonment and they were prepared for the first time at the area and 62 non-municipal towns. A list show­ instance and cost of the Census Department. ing the number of new towns which were not While the enthusiastic co-operation lent by the towns according to 1951 Census, along with Director of Survey and Land Records has helped towns according to ,1951 Census which continue the completion of this work Yv'ithin the scheduled as such in 1961 and another list showing places time it has also to be mentioned that this work which were towns according to 1951 Census but is a distinct contribution made by the Census have ceased to be so in 1961 are given in Department to the archives of the State Govern­ Appendices VII and VIII respectively. ment. In the case of municipal towns, several Organisation of Census in Urban Areas .of them had no maps. It is for the first time 50. In the Corporation of Trivandrum and that they prepared maps of these towns and that . the municipal towns, the commissioners were too at the instance of the Census Department. in charge of the census operations while in the Besides the above, quite a good number of case of non-municipal towns the tahsildars of useful maps are given in the Census Report, the taluks in which the towns were situated con­ 1961, one part of which is an atlas entirely ducted the operations. In the case of Canna­ devoted to maps. nore Cantonment the officer in charge of the Rural-Urban Classification Cantonment conducted the operations. The 49. In the previous censuses, mUTIlCl­ supervisors and enumerators were appointed for palities, civil lines and cantonments not falling these areas as usual. In the nine district head-

19 TOURS BY THB SUPERINl'ENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS

quarters towns and in the town of Mattancherry supervisors and enumerators also. For this. special enumerators were appointed from among purpose I visited a vast majority of the charges.. the municipal field staff for the enumeration of in all the districts. Wherever it was not possi­ houseless persons. In the case of other towns the ble to visit any particular charge the Charge­ houseless persons were enumerated by the enu· Officer was asked to come with the houselists to­ merator of the normal block. the nearest charge where I held the inspection. Tours by the Superintendent of Census Opera­ The tours which commenced in this connection tions in March 1960 lasted till the end of May 1960. 51. Up to the completion of enumeration Even thereafter, whenever I got occasion, I ins­ touring plays a vital role in organising the cen· pected several places to find out whether the­ sus operations. The Superintendent of Census house numbering was exhaustive. It should be Operations should get himself familiar with the said that the ins'pection tour in connection with various parts of the state before he starts organi­ the house numbering operations in which the­ sing his work. This calls for some amount of houselists prepared in the various charges 'Were­ initial touring on the part of the Superintendent. gone through and the short-comings brought to­ Fortunately for me, this was not necessary to the notice of the Charge Officers, supervisors any significant extent as I was already familiar and enumerators not only saved the hOUse num­ with most parts of the State. In accordance bering operations from serious defects but also­ with the directions of the Registrar General to ensured a high degree of perfection to the house­ find out the condition of house numbering in the lists. It is an experience worth mentioning that state a tour was undertaken to some of the when one conducts a training class he gets an villages and municipal towns to find out whether impression that everyone goes thorough with the numbering of the houses in the 1951 Census the subject but when you go to the field you are­ remains intact, whether new houses had siJ}ce at times disappointed to find that some of the cropped up and if so, whether they bear numbers. enumeration staff to whom your trainees have A report was sent to the Registrar General based transmitted the instructions in their training on the observations made in this tour. The next classes have failed to attain that much of tho­ important stage was to discuss with the District roughness you expect of them. Whether it is.. and Charge Officers about the censUs programme due to the failure of the enumeration staff to and the selection of places for the pre-test opera­ grasp what the Charge Officers have taught them tions. This meant a tour to all the district or the failure of the Charge Officers to transmit headquarters. Closely following this was the to the enumeration staff the training that has.. training of the Charge Officers for pre-test oper­ been given to them as faithfully as should be ations and the inspection of the operations. done cannot be precisely judged. But I got Both these required state-wide touring. During sufficient indication in these tours that if the the tour for the training of the Charge Officers required standard of efficiency should be ensured I had to train all the Charge Officers who were in the final count the Superintendent himself concerned with the conduct of the pre-test should train the enumeration staff at least once. operations. The tours for the inspection of the I consider this to be a great lesson which I learnt work proved highly useful in that several errors in the course of the inspection tours in connec­ which the enumerators committed could be tion with the houselisting operations. The­ detected and rectified in time resulting in a penultimate round of my state-wide tours up to­ satisfactory quality of enumeration. These the close of the enumeration commenced on 21st tours lasted till the end of August 1959 and was September 1960 and ended in October 1960 in followed by the first conference of the Superin­ the course of which T imparted training for . tendents of Census Operations in which a enumeration to the District Census Officers and discussion on the organisation of the census Charge Officers throughout the State. In a few operations up to enumeration was held. The places, I also inspected the training claSses con­ house numbering being the first of the Qperations ducted by the Charge Officers. But this could to be started after the conference, the state-wide not be done on a state-wide scale. The final tour for the training of the District Census round of my state-wide tour started on 8th De­ Officers and Charge Officers commenced in Janu­ cember 1960, the day on which I started my ary 1960 and lasted till the end of that month. round of training, for the supervisors and enu­ When the house numbering operations were in merators engaged in the 1961 Census. This was full swing it. was considered necessary to inspect a continuous tour extending from 8th December the work and contact the District Census Officers 1960 to 17th January 1961 in the course of and Charge Officers and, wherever possible, the which I held fifty-four training classes in all

20 THE FIRST TOUR OF 'tHE REGISTRAR GE::-lERAL IN THE STATE the taluk headquarters together e~cept that down'to the enumerators will make the 1961 of Udumbanchola taluk. It was not possi­ Census in Kerala a great success. Considering ble to hold a class in the Udumbanchola taluk the discouraging representations which I recei­ due to want of facilities. But the Charge­ ved from some of the supervisors and enumer­ Officer, supervisors and enumerators of that ators at the early stages when they were appoin­ taluk attended the training class held in the ted to this work, this great change which I was Peermade taluk at Vandiperiyar. I am not far able to note,in them should be greatly attributed wrong in thinking that no Superintendent of to their realisation at a subsequent stage that Census Operations of any of the states except, they' are' active participants in a great work of perhaps, of the centrally administered areas national importanc~. In the course of the would have found it possible to undertake a period under review I had to go to Delhi twice work of this magnitUde of directly imparting and to Bombay once, the tours to Delhi being training to the supervisors and enumerators. for the conferences of the Superintendents of Though I was doubtful of the possibility of Census Operations and that to Bombay for the completing such a long tour especially when I regional conference of the Superintendents of found that even my predecessor in 1951 of Census Operations. Travancore-Cochin had occasion to absent him­ The First Tour of the Registrar General in the self from the training classes and depute his State Personal Assistant for the purpose, I am happy 52. The Registrar General visited the State to state that in spite of the arduous nature of in December 1960 and toured the districts of the work I completed the tour successfully. Trivandrum, Quilon, Alleppey, Kottayam, Erna­ This, however, is not without an undercurrent kulam and Trichur holding conferences in most of pathos in that I am not yet sure how long of the districts in the course of which he ex­ it will take for the after-effects of the strain pressed his delight in the progress made in the which had already confined me to bed for about census operations of the State. a couple of months to leave me free. The Touring of Other Officers connected with the classes held by me lasted for about three to four Census Operations hOl.lrs. On most of the days two classes were. 53. Journeys were undertaken by the Dis· held a day. The experience gained in the course trict Census Officers, Deputy Superintendents of of this tour was more than rewarding for the' Census Operations, Charge Officers and the staff troubles undertaken by me. I can never forget of the District Census Officers and Charge Officers the thrilling occasions I had in the course of my in connection with the census operations. So far as training classes and the abundance of courtesy Deputy Superintendents, District Census Officers and enthusiasm shown by the District Census and Charge Officers were concerned, these tours Officers, Deputy Superintendents of Census were for the purposes of training and inspection. Operations, Charge Officers and the several The tours undertaken by the staff of the District thousands of supervisors and t

21 ADMINISTRATIVE DIFFICULTIES and March 1961. Wherever the Charge Officer viz. during the pre-test operations, house llum­ was not continuously in charge of the operations bering operations and the enumeration. In spite either in one charge or another he was paid of this a few transfers were ordered by the State P. T. A. only for the proportionate period in Government themselves as also at subordinate the case of P. T. A. for the last four months levels. This caused great anxiety and distur­ and proportionate to the work in the case of bance to the smooth prosecution of the census P. T. A. for the month of March ]960 which operations with the result that I had personally was earmarked for the work in connection with to take up the matter with the Chief Minister, the house numbering operations. All the other concerned Ministers, Chief Secretary to Govern­ officers were paid regular T. A. provided the ment and the concerned heads of departments journeys were conducted solely for census pur­ as and when the transfers came to my notice. poses. Combined tours for State and census Orders were also issued by me to all the con­ purposes together were encouraged. The Tahsil­ cerned officers in charge of census operations

-suI ting the Finance Department in every of a permanent office building for the Census -case. In respect of deputations from outside Department at the headquarters of every state the Secretariat it would considerably facilitate and the continuance of a nucleus staff during the matters if the powers for sanctioning the· interval between the close of one census and the -deputation are delegated to the heads of depart­ starting of the other will greatly facilitate the ments subject, of course, to the taking of subse­ elimination of most of the difficulties mentioned .quent ratification from Government. above. (d) Expenditure on the Staff of District (f) Dependence on State Government and Charge Officers Officers 57. While sanctioning the staff for the 59. One difficulty of a fundamental chara­ District Census Officers and Charge Officers the cter has not found a place in the preceding Registrar General had informed me that the portions. It is, at the same time, extremely State Government may be moved to meet their doubtful whether it is capable of solution. This -salary from the State Government funds subject relates to the .dependence on the officers of the to reimbursement by the Central Government. State Government for the discharge of the fun­ This was at first rejected by the State Govern­ ctions of the District Census Officers and Charge ment. It so happened that subsequently the Officers. In spite of the fact that these officers Accountant General objected to the meeting of are appointed under the Census Act with the the expenditure from the Central funds on the concurrence of the State Government and almost _ground that the posts were sanctioned by the all of them are alive to their duties there is State Government. I had, therefore, to move the unforgettable factor that they are already the State Government once again to agree to saddled with heavy work on behalf of the State the request for meeting the expenditure initially Government and the census duty cast upon from the State Government funds which at last them naturally takes the form of an additional was agreed to. lf there is some prior under­ burden. Added to this, there is the handicap standing between the Central Government and of the Superintendent of Census Operations the State Governments on these matters un­ himself not being in a position to take direct necessary troubles could be avoided. I would disciplinary action against these officers. He suggest that the procedure detailing the essential can only report the matter to the State Govern­ ·directions in which the State Government should ment for necessary action, though, no doubt, co-operate with the Central Government in the his report will have considerable weight with conduct of the census operations may be pres­ the State Government. Yet, there is the time cribed in clear and unambiguous terms in a factor involved in it. With all these, in the conference of the Chief Ministers sufficiently words of Cardinal Newman, " a thousand in advance of the appointment of the Superin­ difficul ties cannot make a doubt". While the tendents of Census Operations for each census. difficulties mentioned here are real, it is well­ (e) Need for a Skeleton Census Office nigh impossible to change the set-up for the during the Inter-census Period simple reason that it would .mean the creation 58. The history of census in India has of a number of posts at all levels on a full-time shown that with the publication of the report basis for the conduct of the cens.us operations ·of every census the census organisation meets involving heavy financial commitments for the with a natural death and springs into ,its exis­ Central Government. Apart from this, there tence from ashes on the eve of the next census are some advantages also in having the officers even as the proverbial phoenix. Most of the of the State Government in charge of the taluks, difficulties in the organisation of the department municipal towns and forest divisions as the for every . census arise out of this peculiar Charge Officers and the Additional District feature. The Superintendents of Census Oper­ Magistrates or Revenue Divisional Officers as .ations have to make everything from nothing. District Census Officers in that they can exer­ The earlier such a state of affairs is mended, the cise proper control over their subordinates. better for the census organisation. The inter­ whose co-operation is essential for the conduct vening period between the winding up of the of the census operations. I may. however, organisation for one census and the starting of make one suggestion to improve the situation. the work for the next census is so little that the The District Census Officers are not given any troubles involved in building up the organis­ honorarium for the conduct of the census opera­ ation afresh are hardly commensurate with the tions. Similarly the Charge Officers also. The economy gained by the winding up of the P. T. A. paid to the Tahsildars and Municipal organisation during the interval. The setting up Commissioners is in lieu of their normal T. A.

23 ACCOUNTS for the journeys which they undertake. It is confined to Al- Pay of Officers, A2- Pay of only reasonable that the District Census Officers Establishment, A3- Allowances and honoraria and the Charge Officers are given a suitable and A4- Other charges under the minor head 'honorarium for the conduct of the census work. A-Superintendence and the minor head B-­ This should be fixed in advance so that they Printing and Stationery. know what they will get if they do the work 62. During 1960--1961, when the field work properly. This will not only be an incentive to was organised, provision had to be made for them in turning out proper work in the conduct meeting the expenditure for the pay and allow­ of the census operations but also enable the ances of the staff in the offices of the District Superintendent of Census Operations to pull up Census Officers and Charge Officers, their con­ the officers whenever required. I hope this tingencies and travelling allowance and honor­ suggestion will receive the consideration of those arium for the house numbering operations etc. -in authority for the next census. Provision had also to be made for meeting the­ Publication by the State Government of the Cen­ expenditure in respect of the tabulation offices sus Questionnaire etc. in the State Government opened by the end of 1960. The following re­ Gazette classification was, hence, adopted in preparing 60. In accordance with the convention of the budget for 1960-.1961. the previous censuses the State Government pub­ A. Superintendence lished all the notifications and other items re­ A 1-Pay of Officers commended by the Superintendent of Census A 2-Pay of Establishment Operations in the Government Gazette. These A 3-Allowances and Honoraria included the following items: - A 4-0ther charges (1) President's order of appointment of the B. Enumeration Superintendent of Census Operations, B I-Pay of Establishment Kerala B 2-Allowances and Honoraria (2) Government' of India Notification de­ B 3 - Honorarium to enumeration staff claring the reference date for the 1961 B 4- Other charges Census C. Abstraction and Compilation (3) Appointment of District Census Offi­ C 1-Pay of Officers cers C 2-Pay of Establishment (4) Delegation of the powers of appointing C 3-Allowances and Honoraria the census officers to the District Census C 4-0ther charges Officers and Charge Officers D. Printing and Stationery (5) Appointment of officers under section The budget estimates of 1958 - 1959 to 1961 7 of the Census Act as the authority -1962 and the actual expenditure for the years who may call upon certain persons to 1958 to 1961 under the various sub-heads are give assistance towards the taking of furnished in Appendix XXVII. the census of persons specified in the 63. During 1959-1960 an amount of Rs. section 1,26,401.43 had been expended -against a budget (6) Au\ohorising the District Collectors to provision of Rs. 1,05,450.00 and during 1960- sanction prosecutions under the Census 1961 an expenditure of Rs. 4,69,956.70 was. Act incurred against an allotment of Rs. 5,74,500.00. (7) Questions to be asked by the Census It would have been possible to exhaust the Officers entire amount provided in the budget for Full texts of the notifications are given in 1960-1961 but for the non-receipt of certain Appendix IX. bills in respect of some articles of furniture Accounts supplied at the fag end of the year, the belated. (a) Budget supply of tin boxes which were ordered in 61. The office of the Superintendent of Cen­ 1960-1961 and the non-receipt of the reconcil­ sus Operations, Kerala started with a lean ed statement of expenditure from certain District budget of Rs. 22,500/- for the year 1959-1960. Census Officers and Charge Officers in respect of This allotment being highly inadequate, the Regi­ the salaries and allowances initially paid by the strar General was moved for an additional grant State Government for the census staff engaged in consequence of which a sum of Rs. 93,450/­ in the District and Charge Offices for purposes was sanctioned under A-Superintendence and of reimbursement from the census budget. Rs. 12,000/- under B-Printing and Stationery. 64. It is fortunate that the Registrar Ge­ The heads under the budget for 1959-1960 were neral and the Ministries concerned were always.

24 ACCOUNTS willing to recognise the elastic character of the yees taken from the State Government. This census budget in view of the peculiarity involved does not appear to be fair. The employees who in the organisation of the census operations and are taken on deputation should be enabled to lPaking suitable changes in the budget from time , get the deputation allowance in additon to what to time accordipg to the recommendation of the they were getting under the State Government. Superintendent of Census Operations. This was The present rules are tantamount to giving some­ all the more necessary in the organisation of the thing with the right hand and taking away it census work in a state newly formed after the portion from it with the left hand. The rules reorganisation of states in that precedents fully in this behalf seem to require revision. applicable to the new state were not available 67. The travelling allowance and contin­ from the 1951 Census Operations. gent expenses of all categories of staff including (b) Account Rules the Deputy. Superintendents of Census Opera­ 65. Census being purely a Central subject tions. District Census Officers and their staff were the service and account rules governing the Cen~ passed by the Superintendent of Census Opera­ sus Department were the Central Government tions directly and bills countersigned by him. rules. Most of the hands working in the The amounts were sent either by money orders Census Department being those taken on deputa~ or Reserve Bank drafts as the case may· be. tion from the State Government and the rest This direct countersignature of the bills by the new recruits, a certain amount of ignorance of Superintendent of Census Operations was neces­ the Central rules of accounts and procedure was sitated by the fact that the Accountant General . inevitable. To some extent this defect could be was not in favour of issuing instructions to the . remedied by taking suitable hands on deputation sub-treasuries to honour the bills presented by from the Accountant General's office to deal the concerned officers except with the counter­ with accounts. But to make such deputa­ signature of the Superintendent of Census Oper­ tions really useful persons with long experience ations. This involved a good deal of work in dealing with the account rules and procedure in the head office. Nevertheless, it had some of the Central Government (and not of the State advantages also in that a better-control could Government) should be spared by the Accountant be exercised leading to greater economy. General. Even if such deputations require the (c) Method of Keeping Accounts creation of a post on a higher grade it will be 68. The amounts under 'Establishment and rewarding to do so. Travelling Allowance' relating to the office of 66. The rules relating to the deputation of the Superintendent of Census Operations are the employees of the State Government to the recorded in a Bill Register as and when the bills Census Department-are not altogether as happy are prepared. All contingent charges cate- ' as should be. As per the rules, an employee gorised under A-4"B-4, C-4 and D are recorded taken from the State Government on deputation initially in the Contingent Registers concerned is entitled to the pay and dearness allowance and when there are enough claims for being pre­ according to the State Government rules and all ferred necessary contingent bills are prepared other allowances including travelling allowance and presented to the treasury for encashment. according to the Central Government rules in Before the bills are sent to the treasury for addition to the deputation allowance at 20 per encashment they are entered in a Bill Book. cent of the basic pay in the case of non-ga.zetted Cash Book and other subsidiary registers are staff and 33 ~ per cent in respect of officers of also maintained in ptoper order as required by the State Civil Service. So far as Kerala State rules. is concerned, the travelling allowance rules of the (d) Periodical Statements of Expenditure State Governtnent are more liberal than those of 69. Collecting details from the registers the Centre. Similarly, while according to the specified above, a monthly statement of expen­ State Government rules house rent allowance is diture in the prescribed pro forma incorporating given to all non-gazetted officers the Central all the items of expenditure for the month is Government rules do not allow house rent submitted to the Registrar General before the allowance if the basic pay of a non-gazetted tenth of every month. On receipt of the monthly officer exceeds Rs. 156.50. Thus, the non-gazetted statement of expenditure booked by the Account­ employees on deputation whose basic pay is ant General the departmental statement of above Rs. 156.50 lose the entire benefit of the expenditure is reconciled with the Accountant house rent allowance by coming on deputa­ General's figures. Adjustments found necessary tion. These factors go to reduce the real benefit are incorporated in the statement for the sub­ of the deputation allowance granted to the emplo- sequent month. The progress of expenditur..:-

25 FINANCIAL POWERS

in relation to the budget grant is also being and appointment mentioned in items 1 and 2 reviewed while preparing these statements. above, the sanction of the Registrar General Three-monthly, six-monthly and nine-monthly had to be taken as there will be no budget pro­ statements are also prepared. Supplementary vision available to meet the expenditure for the grants are moved on the basis of the variations post and the same had to be made. No difficulty recorded in the statements. has, however, been felt on this account since the (e) Financial Powers Registrar General has invariably approved the 70. The Superintendents of Census Opera­ proposals sent to him in this behalf. Yet, it tions enjoyed the following financial powers:­ would be better if the condition that the exercise Creation of Posts of these powers is subject to the availability of 1. To create temporary posts in Class III and funds is deleted. The Deputy Superintendent of Class IV subject to the conditions that the period Census Operations (Headquarters) as well as the should not exceed two years, there should be a Deputy Superintendents of Census Operations post of similar' character on a scale of pay (Tabulation) were invested with the powers of a approved by the President and the funds are drawing and disbursing officer in respect of pay available by appropriation or reappropriation. and allowances of the establishment and contin­ 2. In respect of posts the scales of pay of gency staff. which have not been approved by the Ministry ([) Permanent Advance of Finance, to create temporary posts and to 71. An amount of Rs. 200/- was sanctioned fix the pay of the posts subject to the condition as permanent advance to the Superintendent of that the pay of the appointment does not exceed Census Operations and Rs. 50/- to the Deputy Rs. 160/- per mensem and also subject to the Superintendents of Census Operations (Tabula­ existence of budget provision. tion). Emergent and petty items of expenditure Books and Newspapers Were being met from this advance and recouped 3. To purchase for office use books and as early as possible. The permanent advance newspapers subject to the conditions given in was found quite sufficient. the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 1958. Miscellaneous Contingent Expenditure (a) The Reference Date a Holiday 4. To incur contingent expenditure subject 72. On the recommendation of the Super­ to the following conditions:- intendent of Census Operations, the State Gov­ (a) In respect of items mentioned in Sche­ ernment declared the 1st of March 1961 a dule V of the Delegation of Financial Powers government holiday being the reference date for Rules 1958 the power will be subject to the - the 1961 Census. The Registrar General was limit ~nd co~ditions specified therein. requested by the Superintendent of Census Oper­ (b) In respect of other items, up to ations to move the Government of India also to Rs. 1000/- per annum in each case for the recu.r~ declare a similar holiday. The Government of ring expenditure and Rs. 5000/- per annum III India ordered that 1st March 1961 will be a each case for non-recurring expenditure. closed holiday on account of the Census of 1961 (c) In all cases the po,vers are subject to if the government of the state concerned has also the conditions mentioned in rule 10 (5) of the declared a closed holiday for the offices on that Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 1958. day. But the memorandum declaring the holi­ Miscellaneous Expenditure day reached me only on 1st March 1961 at 3-30 5. To incur expenditure on light refresh~ p. m. with the result that the full benefit of the ments up to Rs. 200/- per annum. holiday could not be availed of by the staff. Travelling Allowances . It seems necessary to have uniformity of proce­ 6. To exercise powers of the controllmg dure throughout India in this respect. To secure officer for the travelling allowance of the Super­ this, it is suggested that the Central Government intendent of Census Operations and his establish­ may take the concurrence of the State Govern­ ment. ments beforehand to declare the census reference Honoraria 7. To sanction recurring and non-recurring date a holiday throughout India for both Central honoraria up to Rs. 100/- in each case to Gov­ and State Government offices and issue orders ernment officials other than those in the office of sufficiently early. the Superintendents of Census Operations and to (b) Concessions to the Enumeration Staff non-officials. 73. The following concessions were granted Though the Superintendent of C~nsus Oper­ by the State Government on the recommendation ations enjoys the powers for the creatlon of posts of the Superintendent of Census Operations to 26 CENSUS PUBLICITY the supervisors and enumerators engaged in the the ,citizens is also equally indispensable. I -census operations:- would, therefore, call upon one and all, the (a) Absence on duty was allowed for the citizens and census workers, to co-operate whole­ afternoons of 3 days on which the training heartedly and make the census work a success." sample census.. was posted and in full for all the 76. The Chief Minister, Shri Pattom A. ~ays on which the tf.i.lining classes were held to Thanu PilIai also favoured the census opera­ the respective supervisors and enumerators and tions with messages both in connection with the for 7 days during the enumeration period and inauguration of the house numbering operations .also from 2nd to 4th March 1961 during the and the inauguration of the enumeration. In revisional round to all supervisors and enumera­ these messages the Chief Minister emphasised tors. The 5th of March 1961, the last day of the national importance of the census operations the revisional round, was a public holiday on and exhorted the public as well as the officers -other grounds. engaged in the conduct of the census operations (b) The supervisors and enumerators were to offer their best for the success of the 1961 allowed to be absent during either the forenoon Census. In his message issued on the occasion or the afternoon of the rest of the working days of the inauguration of enumeration the Chief during the enumeration period. Minister observed, (c) The schools were not allowed to have "The 1961 Census enumeration which com­ Saturdays falling during the enumeration period mences today is one in which every citizen of as working days. India should be deeply interested. Apart from The above concessions were a little more the population count which is done in every liberal than those granted in 1951. census, a good deal of useful data for national Census Publicity planning is being collected this time. In this 74. ,\he census pUblicity in Kerala com­ respect this census is one of outstanding mence~ WIth a talk on census operations by the national importance. I have no doubt that SuperIntendent of Census Operations at a meet­ every citizen of this State will deem it his ing of the Rotary Club at Calicut on 26th sacred duty to co-operate in the census opera­ August 1959 in which the important features of tions by furnishing full and correct information 1961 Census were explained. This was followed to the censUs enumerators. The success of the b~ a se~ies of press releases, the topics dealt census depends to a large extent on the enthusi­ WIth belllg the reference date, the special astic and sincere work put forth by the several feature~ of 1961 Census, the census questionnaire, thousands of enumerators, supervisors and other th~ ~~clO-economic survey, the conference of the officers engaged in the great national service of DIVISIOnal Forest Officers, the training pro­ census count. I am confident that they will wamme of the Superintendent of Census Opera­ discharge their duty with a full sense of res­ tIons for house numbering, inauguration of the ponsibility. I wish the 1961 Census count every house numbering operations, the popUlation success. " figures revealed by the house1ist, -the mainte­ (b) Posters nance of house numbers without tampering till 77. The following posters were received t~e. completion of the census operations, the from the Centre for distribution in the State:­ VlSlt o~ t~e Registrar General, the programme (1) '.' Census is essential' for trallllllg of supervisors and enumerators by (2) • ,Census helps planned consumption' the Superintendent of Census Operations, an (3) , Census textual poster' appeal to the public to furnish full and correct (4) , Census helps them all ' infdrmation to the enumerators issued on the These were received in five languages viz. English, eve of enumeration, inauguration of enumeration, Malayalam, Kannada, Tamil and a few in Urdu. the enumeration of the Governor and the Provi­ The total number of posters received came to sional Totals. 1,17,102. Details under each head are given in (a) Messages Appendix XIX. The distribution of the posters . ?5. The Governor of Kerala, Shri V. V. to the various heads of departments, District ~lfI, ,~as pleased to issue a message in connec­ Census Officers, Charge Officers, libraries, pan­ tIOn WIth enumeration in which he observed, chayats, Block Development Officers, Executive "The census is a stupendous task involving Engineers, tourist homes, State Government the work of over 25,000 census supervisors and Transport Department, State Transport Autho­ enumerators and its success would largely rity, Water Transport Corporation and all

27 CENSUS PUBLICITY

Census Operations. The display of these posters English, Malayalam, Kannada and Tamil. The­ in public offices and other places of public total number of these pamphlets came to- resort was arranged through the various Charge 2,42,695. A detailed statement is given in Officers. Although the time between the receipt Appendix XX. The distribution of these­ of the posters and the commencement of the pamphlets was done through the District Edu­ count was too short it did not affect their timely cational Offi-cers, Charge Officers, Block Deve­ display. lopment Officers, libraries, panchayats, colleges. (c) Press Conferences and schools and the All India Radio. 78. A press conference was held by me on (g) Lantern Slides 24th November 1960 in which I dealt with the 81. Two lantern slides' Get Yourself Coun­ history of -the census operations, the special ted' in English, Malayalam, Telugu and Tamil features of 1961 Census, the census questionnaire, and' Census 1961' in English and Malayalam the importance of 1961 Census in national plan­ which were supplied by the Registrar General ning, the organisation of census enumeration, were exhibited in the cinema theatres from '10th the safeguards provided by the Census Act to February 1961 onwards. -The distribution or ensure the secrecy of the information collected in slides to the theatres was arranged through the the course of census and other important matters District Collectors free of charge. The total pertaining to the 1961 Census. The conference number of slides came to 862 of which 436 were was attended by the representatives of almost 'Get Yourself Counted '. every paper in the State and most of the papers (h) Census Advertisements . from outside having accreditation in Kerala. 82. All census advertisements were issued Prompt and prominent pUblicity was given from the Centre. by the press to every item connected with the (i) The All India Radio Programmes census operations. 83. The All India Radio arranged a pro­ (d) Conferences by the Registrar General gramme in connection with the 1961 Census. 79. During the first tour of the Registrar This programme was inaugurated by the Chief General in December 1960 conferences of officers Minister Shri Pattom Thanu Pillai by a talk- on were held in Trivandrum, Kottayam, and Erna­ '1961 Census'. This was followed by a dis­ kulam in which the Registrar General explained cussion in the form of questions and answers in the various aspects of the census operations to the rural forum of the radio. The talk of the the officers and discussed with them the pro­ Chief Minister and the questions and answers blems connected with the census operations. were published in a special booklet issued by During the press interview at Ernakulam the the Department of Public Relations. A full Registrar General expressed gratification at the text of the programme IS given below :- progress of the census operations achieved in 1. 3rd January 1961--' 1961 Census' - Talk Kerala so far. by Shri Pattom (e) The Census Film Thanu Pillai, Chief A census documentary 'The National Roll 11inister, }Cerala Call' was prepared by the Ministry of Infor­ 2. 5th January 1961-' 1961 Census' - Dis­ mation and Broadcasting at the instance of the cussion Registrar General. Ten copies of the film, two 3. 10th January 1961- 'Census Operations'­ each in English, Malayalam, Hindi, Kannada Questions and Ans­ and Tamil, were supplied to the State. They wers programme were screened throughout the State by the 4. 17th January 1961- Do. Department of Public Relations which had 5. 2nd February 1961- 'Census Pravarthan­ taken a lively interest in this and other items of anga1' - Talk by Shr.i publicity work of the Census Department. K. Parameswaran (I) Pamphleteering - Pi11ai, Deputy Super­ 80. The following pamphlets were issued by intendent of Censu~ the Ministry of Information :- Operations, Trivan­ (1) 'What is census and why should We drum. have one' 6. 4th February 1961- 'The Coming Cen­ (2) 'How a census is taken' sus' - Talk in English (3) C Growing importance of popUlation by Shri A. Mitra, censuses' Census Commissio­ The first one was issued in Malayalam, ner, India (Relayed Kannada and Tamil and. the other two in from Delhi)

28 CHAPTER II

ENUMERATION

Introduction consisting of the formation of new districts. 84. The reference date for the 1961 Census taluks and villages had taken place; These con­ was the sunrise of 1st March 1961. Up to 1931 tributed in no small measure to the difficulties the enumeration was done in one day. But it in shaping the groundwork for the enumeration. was apprehended that this is likely to be imper­ Added to this, there was the problem of finding fect with the result that from 1941 onwards the the manpower for carrying out a work of no enumeration was spread over a certain period. small magnitude. The census tradition has it This procedure was followed in the 1961 Census that enumeration is done on an honorary basis also. The enumeration commenced on 10th and whatever that is given to the enumerator is. February 1961 and ended with 28th February meant only just to meet the out-of-pocket expen­ 1961. With a view to bring the count made diture. The ever increasing trend of organisa­ during these days up to date as on the sunrise tion for collective bargaining which has found of 1&t March 1961 a revisional round was con­ expression in almost every field of activity had ducted from 2nd March 1961 to 5th March 1961 given some forebodings of what might probably during which the enumerators visited every happen to the census organisation in the very household, cancelled the enumeration of any first reaction from certain quarters to the person who died between the date of enu­ appointment of census supervisors and enumera­ meration and the sunrise of 1st March 1961 and tors and the demand for advance payments. The en umerated every child born during this period. work of mobilising about 30,000 persons for the If the enumerator came across a visitor in any great task of enumeration was, hence, by no household who had come to stay during the means easy. There was also the absence of fu11- above period and had not been enumerated else­ time officers except three Deputy Superinten­ where he was also enumerated. But no notice dents of Census Operations who came to th;) was taken of any birth or death or visit occur­ scene at a very late stage in organising the work. ring after the sunrise of 1st March 1961. In this The District Census Officers and the Charge way the enumeration, though spread over a Officers were but additional designations to an period of days, was brought up to date as on the already overworked set of officers like the sunrise of 1st March 1961. There are two well­ Additional District Magistrates or Revenue known types of counts, the de jure and de facto. Divisional Officers, Divisional Forest Officers The former comp1"ises all persons normally resi­ or Tahsildars or Corporation/Municipal Com­ dent in any locality including temporary absen­ missioners or officers of the Navy or the Army. tees but excluding temporary arrivals or visitors The story of the census of 1961 like that of the while the latter consists of all persons enUmer­ preceding censuses is, therefore, one of steering ated as being alive and present in that locality a way through hurdles. at a particular point of time. The 1961 Census The Census Progl7amme is a de facto census. But, a person is counted 86. The first conference of the Superinten­ in his house if he was present on any day during dents of Census Operations was over on 1st the period of enumeration. Otherwise he is October 1959. Soon after my return from the counted wherever he is found during the period conference it was considered -expedient to issue of enumeration. In this respect, this may be my first general circular on census operations. called an extended de facto census. This was done after securing the concurrence of 85. The most important and at the same the State Government on certain important time the most difficult part of the census opera­ issues concerning the building up of the census tions is enumeration. Its success depends on a organisation. The circular letter which was number of factors of which but a small percen­ thus issued on 4th December 1959 besides giving tage lay in the hands of the Sup~rintendents of the general features of the 1961 Census and the Census Operations, the rest depending to a large outlines of the plan of operations gave also the measure on others. Apart from the changes in the detailed programme of the census operations. jurisdiction of the· State a host of internal changes The programme is extracted below:-

29 THE CENSUS PROGRAMME

Stages of the Operations Provisional Dates (1) Preparation of preliminary maps of the wards of towns, villages and forest ranges for house numbering 1st January 1960 (2) Training for house numbering and prepara­ tion of house lists of:- (a) District Census Officers and Charge Officers 1st January 1960 to 26th January 1960 (b) House numbering staff 1st February 1960 to 25th February 19EO (3) House nurnbering and preparation of houselists 1st March 1960 to 30th April 1960 (4) Delimi tation of enumeration blocks and circ1es 1st June 1960 (5) Finalisation of maps under item 1 with house numbers shown therein 15th June 1960 (6) Appointment of census supervisors and enumerators 30th June 1960 to 30th July 1960 (7) Training for enumeration of:-­ (a) District Census Officers (b) Charge Officers } 1st September 1960 to 30th September 1960 (c) Circle supervisors and enumerators 1st round 10th October 1960 to 10th November 1960 Do. 2nd round 10th November 1960 to 10th December 1960 (8) Training Sample Census 10th December 1960 to 25th December 1960 Intensive training of circle supervisors and enurnerators -- 3rd round 1st January 1961 to 31st January 1961 (9) Enumeration 10th February 1961 to 28th February 1961 (10) Check-round 2nd March 1961 to 5th March 1961 (11) Furnishing provisional population figures and their publication:- (a) Submission of records, forms and ab­ stracts by enumerators to the circle supervisors 5th March 1961 (b) Do. by circle supervisors to the Charge Officers 6th March 1961 (c) Provisional totals to be given by Charge Officers to District Census Officers by telegram 8th March 1961 (d) Do. District Census Officers to Regi­ strar General and Superintendent of Census Operations by telegram 9th March 1961 (12) Post-enumeration check 1st week of April 1961 (13) Delivery of census records at the tabula­ tion offices (14) Tabulation } Dates to be fixed later (15) Reporting Except in respect of very few items the dates concerned District Officers, Corporation/Muni­ mentioned in the programme were strictly cipal Commissioners and Tahsildars I had adhered to. already done the field work for securing the Preparation of Registers names and areas of the villages within a taluk, (aj The Census Village Register karas / desoms J muris within each village in 87. The most important item of ground­ respect of rural areas other than reserve forests work for the organisation of census enumera­ municipal and nOQ.-municipa1 towns in each tion is the preparation of the list of census taluk along with the number or name of their villages and charges. As already mentioned in wards and their areas and forest divisions along the previous chapter, during the first round of with the forest ranges in reserve forest areas. my conferences with the District Collectors, These items of information were received in the

30 FORMATION OF CENSUS DIVISIONS

pro formae prescrib~d by me soon after the first range within which a house in which a person round of conferenc~s. The information furni- is enumerated is located. While in the case of 1ihed in these pro formae virtually 'constituted other states a four element location code includ­ the register of c~nsus villages. It has' to be ing the number of the census house was allotted, mentioned in this connection that in 1951 karas in the case of Kerala a five element location .of the Travancore area were recognized as census code was allowed in view of the large size of the villages for the purposes of the census. But in the revenue villages of Kerala which have been sub­ .census of 1961 although the kara of the former divided into karas, desoms or muris. The five Travancore State, the desom of the former elements of the location code are (1) District Malabar District and the muri of the former (2) Taluk (3) Town or Village or forest division Cochin State were recognized as the lowest (4) Ward or kara/desomjmuri or forest range territorial unit of the census organisation above and (5) the house number. In terms of rural, the circles and blocks, they have not been recog­ urban, forest and special areas the above men­ nized as the census villages. It was only the tioned location code is split up as shown below:- revenue villages that were considered as census (1) RURAL: District j Taluk j Village j Kara, villages. desom or muri j House number (b) Census Charge Register (2) URBAN: District j Taluk j Town j Ward / 88. The census charges consisted of taluks, House number "Corporation/municipal towns, forest divisions and special areas. The special areas were the (3) RESERVE FORESTS: District / Taluk/Forest Military Lines, Pangode, 505 Coast Battery divisio~ / Forest range j House num­ (T. A.), Cochin Port, the Naval Base, Naval ber Armament Depot, the Cantonment, Cannanore (4) SPECIAL AREAS: District / Taluk / Special and two Lok Sahayak Sena Camps. area J Ward j House number Formation of Census Divisions 91. The uniform five element location code 89. The canvasser method of enumeration adopted in 1961 is an improvement upon the which is in vogue in India involves a clear deli­ 1951 Census which had five elements only in the mitation of territories by which the meanest Travancore area and four elements in the Cochin household will be accounted for. The census area and hence lacked in uniformity. The allot­ .divisions for Keraia were based on district, tal uk, ment of code numbers to the districts and lmver village and karajdesom/muri for rural porti~:ms, units had to be done in a regular order to avoid .district tal uk, town and ward for urban portIOns confusion. For this purpose the districts were and district, tal uk, forest division, and forest allotted code numbers in the direction startin~ range for reserve forests. There was a proposal from north-west and ending with south-east of the from certain State Governments to adopt the State. In the case of taluks the code numbers Community Development Blocks in the place of were allotted to the taluks of each district com­ taluks for purposes of census. Although there mencing from the first tal uk in the north-west of was the attraction in this of making a departure the district and ending with the last taluk lying from the conservative pattern followed in pre­ on the south· east of the district. After the vious censuses and also of being in line with taluks in one district the number of the taluk modern trends of development, this was out­ in the next district will start afresh. The villages weighed by' considerations of comparability of within each tal uk and the karasjdesomsjmuris the census data in relation to previous censuses within each village were also allotted code num­ and the fact that even the formation of the bers in like manner. In respect of urban areas Community Development Blocks had not been the towns within each taluk were allotted code .completed throughout the State at the time of numbers in the same order as mentioned above . the formation of the census divisions. The pro­ So far as the wards of non-municipal towns posal was, hence, given up 'and the pattern were concerned, the wards within each town mentioned above was followed. were also allotted code numbers in the same The Census Location Code order. The same procedure was followed in the 90. Closely allied to the formation of census case of forest ranges within each forest division, divisions is the allocation of the location code special areas within each tal uk and wards within numbers. The purpose of the location code is each special area. But in respect of the Trivan­ to identify by means of code numbers the drum Corporation and the municipal towns, .district, tal uk, village, kara, desom or muri or the wards w~re allotted the existing numbers . the district, taIuk, town, or ward or again the A code number book was printed, one for each district, taIuk, forest division or the forest district, covering all the census units down to

31 APPOINTMENT OF DISTRICT CENSUS OFFICERS AND CHARGE OFFICERS t he fourth element of the location code in the Appointment of District Census Officers and district. Cbarge Officers 92. The location code being the sine qua non 95. In the census of 1951 in the Travancore­ for the organisation of the census operations Cochin State almost all heads of departments it was quite necessary to devote great care and including members of the Board of Revenue attention in its allotment. Unlike in some other were appointed 'Census Officers' with state­ states where this work was done at the district wide jurisdiction and district officers such as or charge level, in Kerala the entire work was District Collectors, Deputy Collectors etc. done in the office of the Superintendent of as 'District Census Officers' with jurisdiction Census Operations. This was by no means over the respective districts. This was done in simple. It was not seldom that even after send­ accordance with the precedent in this behalf ing the draft of the proposed code numbers to obtaining I1rior to 1951. The idea behind this the Charge Officers for reporting any modifica­ arrangement was that the officers can exercise tion found necessary and the confirmation of the greater disciplinary control over their subordi­ same, corrections began to pour in from some nates appointed as census workers than would of them, after the issue of the final code num­ otherwise be possible. This set-up was hardly bers. Evidently those Charge Officers seem consistent with the pattern of the district and to have opened their eyes only at that late state administration obtaining now. The District stage. The greatest difficulty was noticed in the Collector as the head of the district administra­ case of those villages, parts of which lay in tion is the one person in the district who has towns and the remaining parts in the rural to be in charge of the census operations. In the areas. These details were collected from the State level, unless the administration was cen­ Charge Officers sufficiently early in anticipation tralised in one person there was bound to be of the requirements. The information received lack of co-ordination. Hence the pattern of the through the various pro formae which were filled 1951 Census in Travancore-Cochin was not suit­ up by the Charge Officers soon after the con­ able to the conditions in 1961. The census ferences held by me was of invaluable service in hierarchy for 1961 was, therefore, constituted the context of the preparation of the location with the Superintendent of Census Operations at code. The maps giving the various territorial the State level, the District Census Officers at units within each village or town or forest the district level and the Charge Officers at the division which were prepared by the Charge charge level. Under the Charge Officers were Officers were also found to be of immense use in the supervisors and under them the enumerators. verifying the completeness of the code numbers. ~he District Collector was the officer respon­ 93. After the formation of the Kerala State SIble for the proper conduct of the census in th:;: this is the first time that the area of the various district. But in view of his multifarious duties villages in the State along with their names have an officer under him was appointed as the been thoroughly checked and reconciled with the District Census Officer. This was the Additional total area of the districts and the State. In this District Magistrate (Personal Assistant to the work of gigantic magnitUde the Director of District Collector) in all the districts except Survey and Land Records had lent his whole­ Trivandrum and Trichur and the Revenue hearted co-ope-ration and it should be said to the Divisional Officer in the Trivandrum and credit of both the Census Department and the Trichur districts. They were to act on the Survey Department that this has been settled authority and on behalf of the District Col­ once for all for the benefit of the future. lectors in all matters connected with census. Verification of the Local Jurisdiction with The Charge Officers were Tahsildars in the Reference to Maps and Gazette Notifications case of taluks, except municipal towns, Corpo­ 94. In the delimitation of census divisions ration/ Municipal Commissioners in the Tri­ the maps are of supreme importance. The details vandrum Municipal Corporation and munici­ of the preparation of maps and the types of palities and Divisional Forest Officers in the maps prepared have already been dealt with in forest divisions. The Chafl!e Officers for the the previous chapter. These maps were of special areas were nominated~ by the officers in great help in verifying the completeness of the charge of the units occupying the special areas­ census divisions. Wherever possible the jurisdic­ and in the case of Cochin Port by the Admini­ tion was verified with reference to gazette noti­ strative Officer. All the _Charge Officers were fications as well. But in the case of several appointed by the District Census Officers. In municipal towns such notifications were not all there were 106 Charge Officers consisting of available. 55 Tahsildars, 14 Divisional Forest Officers.

32 .• CJ.RCULATIO.:-.l OF CENSUS INSTRUCTIONS

1 Commissioner of Corporation, 28 Municipal themselves while the powers for the appoint­ Commissioners and 8 Officers in charge of ment of the census officers under them was de­ special areas. ' legated by Government under sub-sectio"n (4) 96. On the recommendation of the Superin­ of section 4 of the Census Act to the District tendent of Census Operations the State Govern­ Census Officers and the Charge Officers. By ment accepted the proposals flrgarding census virtue of this notification the District Census divisions, hierarchy of census officers and their Officers issued the orders of appointment of the functions as @3.rly as 26th November 1959. In Clnrge Officers and the Charge Officers issued this order the State Government had mentioned the orders of appointment of supervisors and the officers who are charged with the dut.ies of enumerators. While the notification appointing ,the District Census Officers and Charge Officers. District Census Officers in Travancore-Cochin. But the form'lf issue of the notific:ltion of the in 1951 was issued only three months before the appo'intment of the District Census Officers was reference date, in Kerala it was done one veal' done only on 20th February 1960. The District in advance for 1961 Census. A chart giving' the Census officers were appointed by Government hierarchy of census officers is given below :- SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS I DISTRICT CENSUS OFFICERS I i , I Urban Rural Forest ,Charge Officer (The Corporation Charge Officer (Tahsildars for Charge Officer (Divisiona:t Commissioner for the Trivan- taluks excluding reserve fore,ts Forest Officers for reserve fores't drum Corporation, the Municipal and municipal towns) divisions) Commissioners for municipal I towns and Tahsildars for non- I municipal towns) Circle suJervisor Circle 'Supervisor Circle Supervisor I I I Enume'rator Enumerator Enumerator Circulation of Census Instructions " houselists. This dwelt in extenso on the organi- 97. The census instructions are divided sational side of the house numbering operation~ into two parts. The first consists of instru- like the importance of house numbering and ctions to the District Census Officers and Charge houselisting operations, its scope, the territorial Officers dealing with the organisational part units for house numbering and houselisting, the of the operations and the second of instructions order of numbering houses, mode of numbering 'Issued to the supervisors and enumerators houses, house numbering and houselisting units, dealing with the details of house numbering honorarium to staff, period of house numbering or enumeration as the case may be. Since the and houselisting operations, training for house houslt numbering operations and enumeration numbering, preparation of houselists etc. and were done by separate agencies unlike in some follo~v-up ~tipn. This circular also gave a other states where the same agency Was employed sample chart showing the directions for house for both, the instructions relating to the house numbering. The next important circular was numbe~ing operations and enumeration were Circular Letter No. XVII dated 25th July 1960 issued separately. As already mentioned, the dealing with the follow-up action after the first general circular letter to all District Census house numbering operations, formation of blocks Officers, Charge Officers and heads of depart- and circles and appointment of circle supervisors ments dealing with the general features of the and enumerators for enumeration. This was 1961 Census and outlines of the plan of opera- followed by Circular Letter No. XX dated 15th tions issued on 4th December 1959 gave a general September 1960 dealing with enumeration in all ide.! of the 1951 Census operations and circulars. its aspects. The programme for the training issud th:!relfter dellt with specific aspects of of Charge Officers, supervisors and enumerators the census operatioU3. The first important was also given in extenso in this circular letter. circular letter in the latter category was Circular All the above mentioned circular letters had Letter No. IV dated 30th December 1959 dealing given detailed break-up of the schedules of with house numbering and preparation of operations consisting of the subjects dealt with

33 SCHEDULED CASlES AND SCHEDULED TRIBBS

in them. These circular letters are given in March 1961. The number of copies of instruc­ Appendices XI, XII, XIII and XIV respectively. tions for enumeration printed in the various A ~pecil:l} handbook was issued to supervisors languages is given below:- alone detailing their functions and how they Malayalam 38,000 should discharge them. Besides the above, a Tamil 1,250 series of letters and circulars were also. issued. Kannada 1,050 . The' total number of circulars issued lJp to the A set of instructions in English were got down close of enumeration is 53. ,The ios,tfuctions from the Registrar General and distributed to enumerators consisted of those issued in con­ to the District Census Officers and Charge nection with house numbering operations and Officers. But it was found that these instruc­ enumeration. The basic instructions to enu­ tions had to be supplemented by clarifications merators in both these cases were issued by the issued subsequent to their printing. The instruc­ Registrar General. These, however, had to be tions were, therefore, brought up to date in a supplemented in details to suit local conditions. separate volume roneoed for the purpose, copies They were also translated into Malayalam, Tamil of which were given to all the District Census and Kannada. In the case of instructions for Officers and Charge Officers. The procedure house numbering and houselisting the entire adopted for distributing these instructions to instructions were issued in one volume and supervisors and enumerators has been dealt with translated into regional languages as stated in the previous chapter. . above. The number of copies of the instruc­ Instructions about Scheduled Castes and Sche­ tions' printed came to 7220 in English (these duled Tribes were got down from the Registrar General), 7500 Synonyms and Generic Names of Scheduled in Malayalam, 150 in Tamil and 350 in Kannada. Castes and Scheduled Tribes ' ' The instructions for enumeration were issued 98. Although the list of schedUled castes in three volumes in Malayalam, Tamil and and scheduled tribes was given in the secon(t K~nnada. The first volume contained the trans­ volume of the instructions as mentioned above, lation of the central instructions issued in there was the problem of certain communities English by the Registrar General and a few which were not known by the names of scheduled supplementary instructions containing some castes and scheduled tribes given in the Presi­ clarifications and details. The contents of the dent's list but at tlie same time were synonymous second volume were mostly appendices to the with or the gener~c names of a scheduled caste first volume, the most important of them being or sche4uled tribe. The instructions issued by lists orIocal names of rights on land, scheduled the Registrar General were to the effect that castes and scheduled tribes, household indus­ these synonyms or generic names shOUld also be tries commonly found, probable errors likely taken into account and treated as scheduled . to be committed in filling up the household castes / scheduled tribes, the synonym be~ng schedules and individual slips, towns recognized shown within brackets against the scheduled for 1961 Census, synonyms and generic names caste it represen.ted. The Superintendents of of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, Census Operations were also instructed to issue and a calendar of events for the last a list of such synonyms and generic names for hundred years to help the memory of persons the guidance of the enumerators. Certain pre­ who have not recorded their age to remember liminary enquiries were made in this connection the correct age and report the same to the through the District Collectors and the Director enumerator. It so happened that after' the of Harijan Welfare. The information received completion of the last round of training of the from them \VaS not considered to be fully ex­ supervisors and enumerators the Kerala Govern­ haustive. It was, therefore, apprehended that ment received the President's assent for the if a final list of synonyms and generic names is Kerala Agrarian Relations Act and the Jenmi­ issued prior to enumeration there is a possibility karam Abolition Act. The actual date on which of some communities which might be genuinely .these statutes will come into force had yet to be synonymous with some scheduled castes and notified. In anticipation of the contingency of scheduled tribes being not allowed to be re­ ~hese legislations coming into force during the corded as scheduled castes- or scheduled tribes period of enumeration a third volume of instruc­ on the ground that the list is final and it did tions was isslled giving directions as to how the not include the synonym or generic name of that entries relating to that part of the household particular communily. This possibility was schedule dealing with land should be filled up reported to the Registrar General along with a in case the statutes came into force before 1st suggestion from me that anybody who claims

34 ENUMEllATlON AGENCY FQR.· HOUSE NUMBERING

1hat the name 'of his cQInlDunity' is ,a synonym In the light of this it was decided to appoint -or a generic name of a schcxluled cas,te pr sche­ the village officers as supervisors and the­ duled tribe may be recorded as such jn the e,nu­ village assistants as enumerators for house meration and before finally accepting the return numbering operations in the rural tracts exCept local enquiries may be made about such com­ reserlve forests. The enumerators were assisted munities. The Registrar Gener~l while approv­ by . tpe village peons or 'kolkarans' to carry ing this proposal suggested thit a preliminary stencils, paint etc. They were designated as assist­ list of synonyms and generic names may also be ants to enumerators. Since the villages in Kerala issued though it is not to be treated as exhaus­ were pretty large, as many units of enumerators tive. Necessary instructions were given to the and assistants to enumerators as possible were enumerators accordingly, and a preliminary list allowed to be formed in each village according was published in volume. II of the instructions to the availability of hands, the village officer., to enumerators. The procedure, therefore, however, remaining as supervisor for the entire reduced itself to one of recording any person village. In the municipal towns, mostly the who claimed that his community was a synonym sanitary inspectors were appointed as super­ -or generic name of a scheduled caste / scheduled insots and their subordinates as enumerators tribe as such along with the name of the and assistants to enumerators. In the forest -scheduled caste 'or scheduled tribe represented areas the range officers were appointed as super­ by the synonym or generic name. The question visors, foresters and such of the guards as were : was finally disposed of after enumeration in the selected by the rangers having regard to their light of the instructions issued by the Registrar qualifications and ability as enumerators and

35· THE HOUSE NU~ERING OPERATIONS not also bi: advisable to place the subordinates The House Numbering Operations . of other departments under the supervision of (a) Fresh House Numbering on a State-wide­ the village officers. Basis Letters of Appointment 102. An inspection of the numbers painted 100.' As already mentioned, the Charge on the houses in 1951 Census made by me re­ Officers were given the powers of appoint­ vealed that in several cases the numbers have­ ment of census officers within their jurisdiction. been obliterated and a number of new houses In exercise of these powers the Charge Officers had cropped up since'l951. In some villages the appointed' supervisors and enumerators and Panchayats have numbered the houses but the issued letters of appointment on their authority. numbering was not on the basis of the village or Training for House Numbering and Houselist­ kara / desom / muri. These factors made it ing Operations inevitable that there should be a fresh number­ 101. The training for house numbering and ing of houses in the 'rural areas.' Coming to­ houselisting operations was given to the District the urban an:as the numbering in the municipal Census Officers and Charge Officers by the Super­ towns was found to be better. But, even intendent of Census Operations. the class being there the system of numbering was, not in con­ held at the district headquarters. This was formity with what was decided to be followed followed by the training of supervisors and enu­ by the census department. There were also a merators by the Charge Officers. The period number of houses which were not numbered in of this training was fixed as 1st February 1960 several municipalities. . It was hence decided to 25th February 1960. This training consisted with the concurrence of the Registrar General of three rounds. The first round was devoted that there should be fresh numbering for census to explain the instructions and the second round purposes throughout the State irrespective of the to practical training in which the supervisors question whether the area is rural or urban. and enumerators were to chalk-number a suffi­ (b) Period of House Numbering . . cient number of buildings, census houses and 103. The general decision arrived at in the census households' and fill up one houselist first conference of the Superintendents of Census form. The Charge Officers scrutinised these Operations was to do the house numbering oper­ forms and sent a report to the Superintendent ations in September--October 1960. But this of Census Operations with copy to the District did not suit the conditions in Kerala as the Census Officers along with 5% of the forms to period September-October was rainy season. the Superintendent of Census Operations and As such Kerala was allowed to start the house 15% 'to the District Census Officers. The numbedng operations in March 1960. The District Census Officers scrutinised the forms period of the operations was scheduled as 1st sent to them and sent their reviews to the March 1960 to 30th April 1960. Charge Officers pointing out the errors noted: (c) Inauguration of House Numbering The Superintendent of Census Operations also Operations in his turn scrutinised the forms and forwarded 104. The house numbering operations were his reviews to the Charge Officers asking them inaugurated at 10 a. m. on 1st March 1960 sim­ to bring to the notice of the enumeration staff ultaneously in all the areas in the State. The the mis takes commi tted by them. The final District Collectors conducted the inauguration round of classes was held by the Charge Officers in the district headquarters except in Calicut after this scrutiny and review. In this final where the Chairman of the Calicut Municipality round of classes the District Census Officers conducted the inauguration. The Chief Minis­ were asked to be present. Apart from the ter, Shri Pattom A. Thanu Pillai, issued a reviews which were sent by the Superintendent message exhorting the public to lend their co­ of Census Operations and the District Census operation and the officers to put forth their Officers to the Charge Officers who in turn. best for the successful conduct of the. census transmitted the same to the enumeration staff, -operations. a consolidated review in Malayalam giving the (d) Progress of House Numbering common mistakes noted in the sample' houselists 105. The month of March being the last prepared in the practical training and the correct month for the collection of taxes in the financial way in which the entries ought to have been year most of the Charge Officers had requested made was prepared by the Superintendent of me that they should be allowed to postpone the Cen$us Operations which was printed and distri­ house numbering operations from March to buted to the District Census Officers, Charge April. While I did not agree with this pro­ Qfficers, super.visors and enumerators. posal, I allowed them to go slow during the

36 DIFFICULTIE3

month of March provided the entire operations the stencils was, however, deducted from the are completed during the scheduled time. The honol\arium payable to the enumeration staff. progress of house numbering Vias satisfactory in To identify the census number from the various March ,and remarkable in April. The monsoon type~ of numbers found on a house, letter' C ' in 1960 was unusually early. However, it was was used to start with. This was followed by possible to complete the house numbering oper­ the number of the territorial unit as given in ations before the end of April in:the majority of the code number like 1, 2, etc. This was again charges. Having regard to the enormity of the follqwed by the serial number of the building. work and the inclement weather I was constrai­ Where there were more than one census house in ned to grant an extension of period by 15 days. a building the serial order of the census house By 15th May 1960 all except 15 charges comple­ was given within brackets in Arabic numerals as ted the operations and by 1st June, only one I, 2, etc. and where there were more than one taluk charge had to complete which also came census household in a census house, the house­ in line in a few days. holds were denoted by letters A, B, etc. within (e) House Numbering in Special Areas brackets after the number of the census house. 106. In the case of special areas like naval Further details could be had from Appendix and military stations, although the houselists XII. were got prepared by the officers in charge for 108. The houselists were simultaneously these areas, in view of the secret character of filled up along with the house numbering. A copy the military installations they were returned to of the houselist is given as Appendix III. the Charge Officers of the respective special 109. Since the house numbering operations areas to be kept by them. in Kerala were completed almost about 10 months (f) Territorial Units and Mode of House before the reference date it was necessary to Numbering follow up the house numbering periodically with 107. The territorial units for house number­ a view to make the numbering of houses up to­ ing were fixed as karas / desoms / muris in rural date, by covering new houses and by deleting tracts other than reserve forests, wards in muni-' from the houselist the houses which have been cipal as well as non-municipal towns and ranges demolished. With this object in view Circular in reserve forests. In such of the villages which Letter No. XVII dated 25th July 1960 was issued were not sub-divided into karas / delloms / giving instructions as to the steps to be taken muris the villages themselves were territorial by way of follow-up action. units. The order of numbering the houses Difficulties within the respective territorial units was from (a) Failure to Follow Instructions north-west to south-east. The numbering of 110. As already referred to in the previous buildings was given in the serial order in the chapter under the head 'tours' my inspection above direction, the numbering of census houses of house numbering operations and houselists re­ in a building in the serial· order of the census vealed several mistakes at the initial stages which houses in that building and of the census house­ were corrected in the course of my state-wide tour holds in a census house in the serial order of by scrutinizing the houselists prepared in eve'ry the census households in that census house. By charge and instructing the Charge Officers and, a building was meant 'the entire structure on wherever possible, the supervisors and enumera­ _the ground' . A census house was 'a building tors. The' prpcedure adopted by me was to or part of a building with a separate main visit the headquarters of the taluk and ask the entrance' and a census household, 'a group of neighbouring Charge Officers also to be present people, living together and messing together'. there along with the houselists. The supervisors The nUmbering on the houses was done by pain­ and enumerators of the particular taluk which I ting the number in coal-tar at the entrance of the was visiting were also asked to be present. On building either on the wall or on the door, and going through the houselists fused to point out in the case of huts having only doors and walls the mistakes then and there and explain the de­ of cadjan leaves or like material a small piece fects to all. Very often, the enumerators were of cardboard or plank often supplied by the head asked to read out the correct instructions from of the household was used to paint the number. the instructions issued for house numbering and The same was entrusted to the head of the houselisting. When a few houselists like this household for safe preservation. With a view were covered, the Charge Officers, supervisors to secure uniformity in the painting of numbers, and enumerators got a correct idea. This proved stencils in tin sheets were supplied by the Census extremely useful and saved the houselists from Department to the enumerators. The cost of several possible mistakes to a considerable extent.

37 D,FFlCULTIES

. t it should be pointed out in this connection that , workshop', some of the enumerators were con­ the written comments which were sent to the fused by the main heading to those columns Charge Officers, supervisors and enumerators given as 'establishment, workshop or factory' were not fully made use of J:>y them to the ex· and took it for granted that ~he term connoted pected degree. ,The inspection classes I held something other than a workshop or factory. proved hundred times more useful than the This difficulty could be avoided by deleting the written instructions. word 'establishment' from the main heading. (b) Certain Discrepancies in the Instructions Instructions under column 4 of the houselist to 111. In the instuctions issued by the Regi· write' vacant' for places of public worship or strar General there were -a few portionll which congregations or for unoccupied houses alsa had to be modified in the light of the special caused a good deal of confusion in the minds of features of Kerala. One of such instructions the enumerators. They could not. be convinced was that where the municipal or local authority of the correctness of writing 'vacant' for places numbers given to the houses were found to be of public worship or congregations. The result incomplete or unsatisfactory and the houses had Was that most of them wrote' chuf(,h " 'temple' to be numbered afresh, the municipal or local etc. in column 4 instead of 'vacant' and it authority number also should be given in column required repeated instructions to get them out of 2 of the houselist. In view of the decision taken this habit. Although technically the instruction by me that all the houses in Kerala are to be is correct as a place of public worship or congre­ numbered afresh for the purposes of censUS this gation is not occupied all the 24 hours by the direction was likely to cause difficulties and same persons, from the practical point of view mislead the enumerators. On my pointing out it would be more convenient if these are describ­ the difficulty to the Regis trar General he ed as temples, churches etc. in column 4 and for agreed with me that only the census building purposes of tabulation are treated as ' vacant'. number should be given in column 2 of the (c) Deviation/rom Instructions by a houselist in the case of Kerala. Again, at page 3 Tahsildar under column 4 of the instructions for filling up 112. One Tahsildar appointed as assistants to the houselist it was stated that in the case of enumerators 11 chainmen borne on the contin­ factory or workshop, 'factory' should be written gent establishment on daily w'ages in a full-time for a large factory if registered under the Indian capacity. This created considerable difficulty in Factories Act, and 'workshop' for a small un­ subsequent sfages as the State Government could registered workshop. The use of words 'large' not pay these chainmen their wages as they did and' small' in this instruction was confusing. not do their normal work and according to the The-real intention Was that in the case of regi­ decision of the Census Department they could stered factories it should be recorded as a be given from the Census Department only a 'factory' and in the case of unregistered establish­ portion of the honorarium allowed for house ments engaged in ' production, processing, repair­ numbering operations and not their full wages. ing or servicing' the word ' workshop' was to be Fortunately, when the Registrar General paid recorded. This was referred to the RegistJ:ar his first visit to the State, I represented this General for clarification and he agreed with my problem to him and the hardship caused to the view. Modified instructions had, therefore, to chainmen by the wrong step taken by the Charge be given in this behalf. Similarly, the word Officer without consulting either me or the Dis­ 'processing' was seen omitted in the definition trict Census Officer in having appointed them as of workshop in the instructions given under assistants to enumerators in a full-time capacity. column 4 while in the instructions given under The Registrar General appreciating the difficul­ columns 5 to 8 the word' processing' was also ties agreed that the chainmen may be paid their included. The Registrar General issued a clari­ wages from the census funds as a very special fication on my reference that processing should case, and the Government be informed of the be deemed to be included in the definition of wrong step taken by the Tahsildar. This was factory or workshop, for the purposes of both accordingly solved. columns 5 to 8 as well as column 4. The term (d) Jamabandy in the Way 'Establishment' in the main heading of Columns 113. Apart from the difficulties caused by 5 to 8 of the houselist gave scope for a lot of the tax collection in the month of March sche­ confusion among the enumerators. Although duled for the commencement of the house num­ it was clearly stated in the instructions under bering operations, the Jamabandy also came in columns 5 to 8 that these columns apply only in the way. The District Collectors promptly re­ cases where the census house is a 'factory' or acted to my request to postpone the same till 38 DEFICIENCIES AND THEIR RECTiFICATION

-the completion of the house numbering opera­ to obtaining an authenticated ,houselist instrl)lo. tions. This problem was thus tided over. cted his en4merators to obtain signatures of the (e) Renumbering in Two Charges I heads of households in the houselist. This 114.' Two Charge Officers not having cared circular issued by the' Charge Officer was dete­ to fallow the instructions given to them properly, cted ,by me sufficiently early in the course of .allotted wrong code numbers to certain territorial inspection and he was asked to withdraw the units. The result was that I hM to order the same. renumbering; of the entire area which was done. 116. Most of the above mistakes were Deficiencies and their Rectification . pointed out in my inspection tours and hence 115. Among the errors usually found at the they did not find a place in the final houselists time of the inspection of the houselisting in the received in my office. Yet it was considered field the following deserve mention;- necessary by me that the houselists should be 1. In the location code the inapplicable completely scrutinized before they are accepted i terns were not ofn:n scored off. for tabulation. A special staff was engaged for 2. In column 2 where there are more than the ;purpose and the scrutiny was done quickly one census house in a building the number was and. efficiently. The errors found were noted seen repeated in all the lines while it was only down and communicated to the Charge Officers necessary to give the number in the first line and for rectification and report. The houselist was put ditto in the rest of the lines. finally accepted onry on the rectification of these 3. A handful of enumerators have used errors. It is gratifying that although a good letters A, B, etc. in column 3 to denote the sub­ deal of effort to correct the errors noted at the number of the house instead of Arabic numerals. various stages of the house numbering and 4. The description of the census house houselisting operations had to be put forth the given in column 4 was incorrect in several cases final results'were satisfactory and a high quality where the census house was a workshop or fac­ of houselists has been ensured. tory. Instead of writing 'workshop' or 'factory' Where, bow and when the House Numbering Oper­ the entry was the description of the workshop or ations went wrong or Failed to be Satisfactory. factory. The concept of 'workshop' or' factory' 117. The house numbering operations in was not also properly followed. As already Kerala were exhaustive and to a large extent mentioned earlier in the case of places of public satisfactory. The post-enumeration check revea­ v/orship or congregations the instruction to write led only 35 houses throughout the State which , vacant' in column 4 was seldom followed. The were omitted in the census. It is not free from invariable tendency was to write church, doubt whether these houses were existing prior mosque, temple etc. to the commencement of enumeration. Even if 5. In several cases columns 5 to 8 were not ther existed, t.his number is extremely small and filled up in the case of' workshops' or 'facto­ speaks well of the exhaustiveness of the house ries.' In column 5 some of the enumerators numbering operations. I was not, however, bave entered the description of the workshop fully satisfied with the mode of painting the instead of the name of the establishmeht or the number in some charges. Although the stencils proprietor. were supplied with a view to achieve uniformity 6. Under columns 9 and 10 also certain in numbering, it was not in all charges that mistakes were noticed. Some of the enumerators th~y were- ulilised to the perfection of house mentioned under the column 'material of the numbering. 'From the very beginning I used to roof' all the materials used for roofing instead get complaints from the Charge Officers that the of t.qe main material. Some others failed to enumerators were reporting the difficulties to recognize the walls of cadjan leaves as walls and paint the numbers with the use of stencils and have put 'nil' in the column of the material brush. I personally tried the stencils and brush of the wall. and demonstrated in several places how the 7. In column 11 some of the enumerators numbers could be painted better by a 'bruSh had entered non-residential houses. This reveal­ made out of cocoanut husk than by more refined ed a lack of knowledge 'of the fundamentals and ,brushes. Yet, there was a general disinclination such enumerators had to be severely warned. on the part of the enumerators to use tlie 8. The entries under columns 13 and 14 stencils. This was mostly due to the fact that showed that these columns were filled up, even painting with the aid of stencils takes a little in respect of census houses which are not more time than free hand. But, considering residential. the enormity of work before the enumerators I 9. One Tahsildar presumably with a view had to wink at it. The quali~ of painting 39 FORM~TION OF BLOCKS AND CIRCLES

,;(;ould' be improved if paint is supplied' instead of cases across a number of villages. The number ~oal-tar and disks are given for background of revenue vilJages the boundaries of which pierce­ ·painting and the number is painted in a different into reserve forest is not small, while a large extent colour on the background. Such a procedure is of reserve forest is unsurveyed and lies beyond likely to entail more cost and time. The number the cadastral survey. Till noW no attempt has. of houses per enumerator should also be less. been made in the census reports to bring in the This is a work which should be taken up leisu­ forest population within the respective revenue­ ·rely during' the post-census l2eriod .. It will be villages and to give the total population of such worthwhile to preserve such numbers properly villages which lie partly in reserve forests inclu­ painted. This aspect has to be considered along sive of the population in the reserVe forest area with the question of maintaining the house lying within the boundaries of such Villages. numbers allotted in the census. I propose to This shortcoming has been rectified in this. take up the question of maintaining the census census. But, this task was by no 'means easy. house numbers on a permanent basis and the It meant demarcation of the ·boundaries of the­ follow-up action necessary with the State villages and taluks within the reserve forests. Government before the termination of my office. There was no difficulty with regard to the boun­ 118. My experiences in the house numbering daries of districts and taluks. But in the case­ and houselisting operations were recorded and of villages they had to be actually marked on the sent to the Registrar General who circulated the ground with the help of maps and in consulta­ same to all the Superintendents of Census Opera­ tion with the revenue authorities. For this. tions who had not started this item of work. purpose m&ps were supplied to all the Divisional Formation of Blocks and Circles Forest Officers who worked at this new proposal. . 119. As mentioned in the foregoing portions The house numbers were marked in a map show­ of this report, in the nature of the pattern of the ing the boundaries of villages. The blocks were distribution of houses in Kerala it is not possible so formed that no one block cut across two> to demarcate the block and circle boundaries Villages. Thus it was possible to get at the without reference to the house numbers. In blocks of reserve forests which lie in each village. accordance with the tradition all along followed This naturally meant a departure from the num­ in the census operations in Travancore and ber of households covered by a particular block Cochin, therefore, the blocks were formed on the and in some cases even very small number of basis of a certain number of houses to be allotted households had to be allotted to a block. to an enumerator. To facilitate this, when the Avoida~ce of Conflict of Jurisdiction between house numbering operations were completed' the Revenue and Forest Authorities Charge Officers were directed to prepare a map 120. There was bound to be some conflict of of the karas / desoms / muris and wards of towns jurisdiction between the revenue and forest and mark the house numbers in them. With authorities in respect of the areas lying within the help of these maps blocks were formed allot­ the reserve forests but under the control of the ting the area covered by 150 households to an revenue authorities and vice versa. Added to· enumerator in normal rural areas, 140 house­ these, there was also the question of certain holds in towns and 100 households in hilly or reserve forest areas which were leased out for waterlogged areas. Five blocks were allotted to food production purposes and subsequently a supervisor which formed his circle. The blocks handed over to the Revenue Department but not ended with a village in the case of villages, formally excluded from the reserve forests. To­ ward in the case of towns and range in the case avoid any conflict in this behalf it was decided in of reserve forests. In some the last block in a consultation with the Chief Conservator of village or ward of a town may not contain the Forests that wherever the Revenue Department number of households mentioned above. In was collecting the revenues the Tahsildar had such cases the number of households were sup­ jurisdiction for purposes of census and wherever plemented by forming the residuary block in the the Forest Department was collecting the re­ next village or ward and allotting that block also venues the Divisional Forest Officer had jurisdi­ to the same enumerator wherever possible. Yet, ction. This practically solved the problem. there were a few cases where the number of Thus the food production areas handed over to· households had to be varied for similar unavoid­ the Revenue Department w'ere under the Tahsil­ able reasons. The caSe of reserve forests had dars. Plantation areas leased out by the Forest ,some special features. Some o,f the forest divi­ Department within the reserve forests the rent sions cut across revenue'distri~ts and some forest of which was being conected by that deparL .ranges across taluks and' in a large number of ment were to be dealt with by the Forest Depart_ 40 ment and those plantation areas which are sanatoria, poor-homes, orphanages, nursing either paddy lands or lands leased by'Government homes, hostels, boarding-houses, residential the rent of which is being collected by the Re­ hotels, beggar homes or any other residential venue Department were to be under the auspices quarters with 25 or more inmates or accommo­ of the Revenue Department. In the case of dation for such number. (The condition in cardamom hills there was a dual control excer­ italics applies to all items under category B). cised by the Forest and Revenue. Departments, (c) Raj Bhavan, Palace of His Highness the control of land being exercised by the Re­ the Maharaja of Travancore and Palace of His venue Department and of trees by the Forest Highness the Maharaja of Cochin. Department. The census work was, therefore, Preparation of the Block and Circle Registers . handled by the Revenue Department. The 123. The block and circle registers contain­ paddy lands within the reserve forests were also ing particulars of the blocks and circles and the under the control of the Revenue Department. number of households in each block in respect of A Precaution a charge were prepared in duplicate. A blank 121. Since the blocks were not formed by copy of the register was sent along with one of natural boundaries but by allotting the area the registers to the Charge Officers who were covered by a certain number of houses there was reque~ted to copy the entries in the register in the danger of any new house cropping up after the blank copy and forward the same to the the formation of the blocks in the area between concerned District Census Officer. Since the names the last house given in the appointment order of of the supervisors and enumerators were not the enumerator of one block and the 1st house entered in the block and circle register, the of the next block being left out without enumer­ Charge Officers were asked to enter the same in ation. To eliminate this risk special instructions their copy of the register and forward a list con­ . were issued in Circular Letter No. XLVI dated taining the names of the supervisors and enumer­ 21st February 1961 given in Appendix XV to the ators with the block and circle numbers for each effect that the enumerators should check up the to me and the District Census Officer. Normally area between the last house allotted to them and the preparation of the block and circle registers the succeeding house falling in the next block is to be done by the Charge Officers. It was, and enumerate any new residential house which however, considered better to do it in my office has cropped up between these two houses. But and was done accordingly. This ensured a where t4e block happens to be the last block of thorough supervision over this work though it a kara, desom or muri in a village, or of a ward .involved considerable strain on my staff. in a town or a range in a reserve forest the enu­ Appointment of Enumeration Agency for tbe merator of the last block need check up only up Count to the end of the kara, desom or muri or ward 124. The formation of blocks and circles or forest range. At the same time the enumer­ was followed by the appointment of enumerators ator of the 1st block in a kara, desom or muri and supervisors. The tradition of the census or ward or forest range should check up the area operations to appoint as many teachers as up to the starting boundary of that kara, desom possible as enumerators and supervisors and to or muri or ward or ·forest range and enumerate supplement the deficiency from other depat:t­ any new house which has cropped up in the area. ments was followed in this census also. This Formation of Special Blocks tradition had the advantage of drawing the 122. Apart from the general blocks which maximum number of hands from one department were formed certain special blocks had also to be and ensuring better control. The Charge Officers formed. The main principle involved in the for­ were instructed to appoint the enumerators at mation of the special blocks was that it would the rate of one enumerator per block and one be inconvenient for the enumerator of a general supervisor for every 5 blocks. The Charge block to enumerate the special blocks in view of Officers had already with them the preliminary their special character. Thus, the following list of teachers and other Government employees special blocks were formed :- prepared on the basis of a smaller number of (a) Jails including sub-jails, reformatories, houses per enumerator and 3 blocks per super­ borstal schools, rescue homes or after-care visor. The number of hands revealed by the homes, mental hospitals or asylums, leprosy lists was, therefore, more than sufficient on the hospitals or asylums, armed reserve camps, revised basis on which blocks and circles were police training schools, relief settlements, nunn­ formed. These lists were got up to date and eries, ml,1tts and monasteries. appointments were made from this list. In the (b) Residenti~l hospitals including T. B. . case of one Ch~rge Officer a number of appoint- 41 QUALIFICATIONS OF-THE ENUMERATION AGENCY

ment orders were returned to him unserved since possess these qualifications are not sufficient he had not cared to make the preliminary lists those with lower qualifications were also allow­ up to date by referring the matter to the head­ ed to be appointed preference being given to masters and heads of departments. In the case those with higher educational qualifications. of municipal towns the Municipal Commis­ From the Forest Department enumerators were sioners and Tahsildars had to act in close liaison appointed only for the reserve forest areas. In in the preparation of lists of the supervisors and recruiting teachers as supervisors and enumera­ enumerators with a view to avoid the same tors preference had always been given to teachers hands being posted in two charges. In respect from Government schools. As far as possible of special blocks enumerators were appointed persons were appointed for enumeration and at the rate of one enumerator for each institu­ supervision in places as near the place of resi­ tion except residential hospitals where one enu­ dence as possible. merator had to be appointed for every 100 beds Appointment Letters in consultation with the head of the institution. 126. The letters of appointment of the The procedure regarding the appointment of District Census Officers were issued by the State enumerators for armed reserve camps, jails and Government, of the Charge Officers by the sub~jails was settled in consultation with the District Census Officers and of supervisors and Inspector Gt'fueral of Police and the Inspector enumerators by the Charge Officers. The forms General of Prisons. Where the institutions in which the letters of appointment were issued were too small and the enumeration was not are given in Appendix X. undertaken by the institutions themselves as in Ratio of Charge Officers, Circle Supervisors the case of mutts and nunneries they were allot­ and Enumerators ted to the general enumerator. All the special 127. As already stated, the general principle enumerators within the general block were to was to appoint one enumerator for one enume­ function under the supervisor of the circle in rator's block and one supervisor for every five which the special block was situated except in general enumerators. In the case of Charge . the case of the central jails of Trivandru:fu, Officers no such proportion could be fixed, as Viyyur and Cannanore, District Armed Reserve the Charge Officers were appointed at the rate Camp, Trivandrum, S. A. P. Battalion, Oolam­ of one in every taluk or municipal town or para, M. S. P., Malappuram and M. S. P., forest division or special area. The total num­ Pandikal for which the officers in charge of the ber of Charge Officers, supervisors and enu­ institutions were the supervisors. The appoint­ merators is given below:-- ment of the subordinates of the Electricity Board Charge Officers 106 as supervisors and enumerators was sought to Supervisors 4075 be resisted by them. This was effectively con­ Enumerators 20481 trolled by informing them that they are liable Special supervisors 7 to prosecution under the Census Act if they fail Special enumerators 570 to comply with the orders issued. The reserve Port enumerators 27 enumerators were first appointed at the rate of Total No. of supervisors 4082 1%. But, it was decided in the second con­ Total No. of enumerators 21078 ference of the Superintendents of Census Opera­ These figures will work out in the following tions that this may not be sufficient and hence proportion :- 10% of the total number of enumerators may be Charge Officers 1 : Supervisors 38'5: Enu­ appointed as reserve enumerators. merators 198'8. Qualifications of the Enumeration Agency Help Received from State Government 125. With regard to the qualifications for 128. In conformity with the traditions of the appointment of supervisors and enumerators the past censuses the State Government placed the instruction given by me was that a circle at the disposal of the Census Department the supervisor should at least be a graduate and be of subordinates of all the departments except Judi­ a status higher than that of the persons appointed cial, Police, Sales Tax and Community Develop­ as enumerators and graduate teachers of high ment Departments for appointment as super­ schools and middle schools should always be visors and enumerators. In addition, the tea­ preferred. As far as possible the qualification chers of aided schools were also appointed as of an enumerator was to be S. S. L. C. or its supervisors and enumerators. Government free­ equivalent. But in areas where teachers from zed the transfers except on grounds of promotion primary schools or hands from other depart­ or demotion or on disciplinary grounds. Neces­ ments except Judicial, Police and Sales Tax who sary orders allowing the enumeration staff to be 42 TRAINING OF DISTRICT CENSUS OFFICERS AND CHARGE OFFICERS

.absent on duty for census work were issued by only one training sample census was held, in the Government. These items of help so liber­ Kerala two were held. The training of the .ally extended by the State Government to the supervisors and enumerators by the Superint­ -Census Department facilitated the conduct of endent of Census Operations has been dealt with the census operations in an abundant measure. at greater length in paragraph 51 supra under Training of District Census Offic~rs and Charge the head' tours' and needs no repetition. All .officers the officers who conducted training classes were 129. Although the questionnaire for the 1961 supplied with black folding boards of individual Census had all the appearance of simplicity it slips and household schedules. Loud speaker was far from being simple. Under each of the arrangements were also made for the classes con­ questions a good deal of instructions had to be ducted by the Superintendent of Census Opera­ mastered before the answers could be properly tions, District Census Officers and Deputy elicited and recorded. It was, therefore, imper­ Superintendents of Census Operations for enu­ ative that a thorough training was given to the merators. A progress report was prescribed for enumeration staff. The training started with that training, particulars of which are given in Circu­ of the District Census Officers, Deputy Super­ lar Letter No. XX, paragraph 48. intendents of Census Operations and Charge Critical Examination of the Training Course held Officers by the Superintendent of Census Opera­ and Suggestions for Improvement tions. This training extended over two days. 132. The first round of training classes held On the first day, the instructions were explained by the Charge Officers for supervisors and also and on the second day the trainees were asked to for enumerators were inspected by me in some enumerate a few households. The slips pre­ charges. I was unhappy in the case of two pared by them were scrutinized by me and errors charges and I made the Charge Officers conduct pointed out in their presence. This part of the classes again in the -light of the further instruc­ training started on 21st September 1960 and was tions I gave in the class. The second class was completed on 5th October 1960. also inspected by me and considerable improve­ 'Training of Supervisors ment was noticed. My impression is that some 130. The supervisors had two rounds of of the Charge Officers have not done full justice training at the hands of the Charge Officers and in the first round of training classes, though a -one round of training sample census in between large number of the Charge Officers had done the two. Thereafter the supervisors had also well even in the first round of classes. This rend­ to attend the training classes held by the Dis­ ered the work of the District Census Officers and trict Census Officer or the Deputy Superintend­ Deputy Superintendents of Census Operations 'ent of Census Operations and the Superinten­ and also mine more arduous. At the same time, dent of Census Operations. the cumulative effect of all the training classes Training of Enumerators was the imparting of a high degree of thorough­ 131. The training of the enumerators con­ ness about the instructions for enumeration to sisted of two rounds of classes by the Charge the enumeration staff. What really lacked in Officer, one round by the District Census the earlier stages was made up at the later Officer or by the Deputy Superintendent of stages. It was my invariable experience in all Census Operations and one round by the Super­ the training classes held by me that the enumera­ intendent of Census Operations. Between the tion staff were !eager to grasp the fundamental first round of training by the Charge Officer and principle underlying the instructions and when the District Census Officer a training sample once this principle is drilled into their minds census 'yas held, and again another training sam­ they find it easy to remember the instructions ple census was held between the training class themselves. It is here that some of the Charge held by the District Census Officer or the Deputy Officers failed in the first round of training Superintendent of Census Operations and the classes. last class held by the Charge Officer. The­ Training Reserves records of the training sample census of super­ 133. The reserve enumerators and super­ visors and enumerators were reviewed by the visors were given the same training as other -Charge Officers and copies of the reviews sent to enumerators and supervisors. They were asked the Superintendent of Census Operations, Dis­ to attend all the training classes. trict Census Officers and the Deputy Superin­ Facilities for Enumeration Staff Regarding tendents of Census Operations who made use of Attendance the points raised in the reviews in the training 134. The basic principle in organising the

43 DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULES AND MAINTE~ANCE OF RESERVE enumerators should get the benefit of the train­ Collector, Trivandrum, the Director of Public ing classes as near their place of work as possible Relations, the District Census Officer, Trivan­ and of as many classes as possible. With this drum and the Commissioner, Trivandrum Cor­ end in view the Charge Officers have held the poration were present. _ The function was photo­ first round of training classes for enumerators graphed. In other district headquarters the in ten centres and the second in eight centres in District Collectors inaugurated the enumeration the case of each tal uk. Municipal and Forest by presenting the enumeration pad to the ~nu­ Charge Officers were allowed to hold these Inerator in front cf the first household to he classes in a smaller number of centres as the area enumerated. The enumerator forthwith enu­ was limited. In the case of supervisors the merated the household. At the charge level the Charge Officers conducted one class at their inaugvration was done by the respective Charge headquarters and the second class in 3 centres in Officers. The enumeration continued after 10th each taluk. The District Census Officers or the up to 28th February 1961 according to the Deputy Superintendents of Census. Operations schedule which was ~fol1owed by a revisional held their rounqs of training at least in 3 centres round from 2nd March to 5th March 1961. A in each taluk. The Superintendent of Census progress report had been prescribed from the Operations held a class in every taluk except in very beginning to enable the Superintendent Udumbanchola. The enumeration staff of that of Census Operations and the District I Census taluk were asked to attend the class in the Officers to follow the ~rogress. Wherever it neighbouring taluk, Peermade. Thus, on an was found that sufficient progress had not been average the Superintendent of Census Opera­ made the Charge Officers were alerted direct by tions has held a(class for every 83 supervisors the Superintendent of Census Operations. The and 429 enumerators, the District Census Officer District Census Officers were also informed of Or the Deputy Superintendent of Census Opera­ the position. , The arrangements for sending the tions for every 27 supervisors a:c.d 140 enumera­ 'progress reports are given in paragraph 51 of tors and the Tahsildar for every 18 supervisors Circular Letter No. XX given iri Appendi~ XIV. and 37 enumerators in the first round and for (b) Arrangement for Special Areas every 9 supervisors an'd 46 enumerators in the 137. There were altogether 8 special areas second round. The above take into account the details of which have already been given in the reserve supervisors and enumerators also. Con­ foregoing portions. The enumeration in the sidering the territorial extent, the Superinten­ special areas was attended to by the officers in dent of Census Operations has held one -Class for charge who were nominated for the purpose by every 278 sq. miles of the State, the Deputy the officer commanding the respective units Superintendents of Census Operations and the and by the Administrative Officer of the Co chin District Census Officers for every 91 sq. miles Port in the case of the Port of Cochin. Except and the Tahsildars approximat~ly for every 22 sq. for the purpose of training the Charge Officers miles in the first round and 28 sq. miles in the the Superintendent of Census Operations did 'not second round. It is doubtful whether a better have much to do with the enumeration in these arrangement was possible. areas. Out of 8 special areas two were L. S. S. Distribution of Schedules and Maintenance of Camps which came into existence on the eve of Reserve the enumeration period. Eleventh hour arrange­ 135. On an all-India pattern 25 per cent ments had, therefore, to be made for the enu- reserve of enumeration forms was allowed to all meration of these camps: ' states. This consisted of 15% charge reserve, (c) Census of Houseless and Mobile Popu- 5% district reserve and 5% headquarters reserve. lation . The Kerala pattern of distribution of schedules 138. The presumption underlying the possi­ also was on this basis. Further details relating to bility of enumerating houseless population is this have been given in paragraph 44 supra. This that every houseless person will have a perma­ arrangement was effective and worked well. No nent resort, whether it be in the verandah case of enumeration being held up for want of of a house or under the shade of a tree or by schedules was reported. the side of a road etc. Based on this presump­ Enumeration tion the enumerators were asked to prepare a (a) General list of such resorts in every block. The enu­ 136. The enumeration was inaugurated on meration of the houseless population was the morning of 10th February 1961 by enumer­ 'done on the night of 28th February 1961 with ating the Chief Minister and'his household. The the help of this list in finding <)ut the places Superintendent of Census Operations, the District which the enumerator should visit. Except in

44 1'\\.,MERATlCN OF MOBILE POPULATION

uhtrict headquarters tOWI15 and Mattancherry, conduct the enumeration with the assistance of the enumeration of the hou:;.dc~s people was a trained enumerator directed to him by the ,done by the normal enumerator himself. But in Charge Officer of each area in which the port the case of district headquarters and the Mattan­ is located. No household schedule had to be -cherry municipal town special enumerators were filled up. Only individual slips were filled appointed for a convenient group of wards. It up. In respect of the 5th element in the location ,vas sugg-::stcd by me that in t)1,' :!:;'lpointment 0f c0c1e vi?, hou<;e number. the name of the ship special enumerators for this pll rpose preference or vessel was entered. Each person who wa:-. ,should be given to those who knew cycling. enumerated was given a certificate by the Port These enumerators were appointed from among Officer to the effect that he has been enumerated the sanitary staff of the municipal towns. AU for the 1961 Census. Copies of the letters issued enumerators engaged in the count of the house­ by me to the Charge Officers in thi5 connection less popUlation were given' police help wherever are given in Appendix XVI. So far as Cochin required. But a warning was given to the enu­ port was concerned, since the port itself was a merators, lest the houseless people might run special area the officer in charge of the census away at the sight of the police, to keep the operations of the Cochin port was the person police at a distance or to take them in mufty. responsible for the enumeration of the ships or In the case of lady enumerators it was felt other vessels lying in the Cochin port except the inadvisable that they should go about at night Naval ships. The enumeration of the ships of to enumerate houseless population, The Charge the Navy was attended to by the officer in charge Officers were, therefore, instructed to direct the of the census operations in the Naval Base. But male enumerator for the next block to undertake the actual enumeration was done by the officer the el),umeration of the houselcss population in commanding the ship or other vessel, with the block allotted to the lady enumerator along the assistance of a trained enumerator directed with his own block and fpr thi~ purpose if th_e by the officer in charge of the census opera­ night of 28th February was not found sufficient tions in the Naval Base. The pads after enu­ the enumeration of the how,cless population merating the crew and the passengers of the was allowed to be done on the night of 27th ships were collected by the Port Officers and in February also. the case of Cochin Port and Naval Base, Cochin 139. The mobile population consisted of by the officers in charge of the census operations two categories viz., those who were in transit of these areas. and those who were temporarily halting in rest 141. There was no enumeration of persons houses, dak bungalows, hotels, hospitals etc. travdling in any other type of vehicle than In the category of persons' who were in transit mentioned above like trains or buses. The those travelling by native boats 'or steam boats principle underlying the distinction was that in or other inland power vessels except ships were the case of vehicles there is no chance of anybody -enumerated by the enumerators of the general being in the vehicle throughout the period of blocks on the night of 26th February 1961 pro­ enumeration while in the case of ships or inland vided they have not been enumerated elsewhere. steam vessels or native boats etc., there is a A list of'landing places in every block was got chance of the passengers being on board through­ prepared in advance by the Charge Officers and out the enumeration period and hence the given to the enumerators through the super­ necessity, to enumerate. visors to facilitate the work. 142. The temporary residents in hotels, dak 140. In respect of the cre", and passengers bungalows and similar institutions of temporary of ~ny ship or other vessel which touches any halts were enumerated on the 26th and 27th port or has already been in the port between February 1961, and those in residential hospitals 10th February 1961 and the sunrise of 1st including T. B. sanatoria, leprosy hospitals or March 1961 instructions were given to the Port asylums, central jails, subjails, mental hospi­ Officers to enumerate such persons provided they tals, penal institutions, rescue homes, borstal have not been enumerated anywhere else in schools, ref~rmatories, lock-ups etc. were enu­ India. If the ship or the vessel belonged to the merated on 26th and 27th February 1961. In Navy,' enumeration was to be done by the Com­ all cases where special enumerators were ap­ mander of the ship or the Officer-in-charge of pointed by treating any of the above places as the vessel. He was given the assistance of a special blocks the enumeration was done by the trained enumerator by the Port Officer for this special enumerators. Otherwise. the enumera­ purpose. In the case of other ships or vessels tors of general blocks had to do this enumera­ not belonging to the Navy the Port Officer was to tion.

45 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF ENUMERATlO~

(d) Shifting Population in the Kuttanad Area regarding the land in their possession. On en­ 143. In the Kuttanad fields the harvest sea­ quiry with the authors of these letters to give son falls during March-April. It is usual during the specific area of the land under cuI tiva tion this period for agricultural labourers from neigh­ and the land given to others by the person against bouring areas" to camp by the side of the paddy whom the allegation was made, no further reply fields throughout the harvest season and engage was received. This meant that the allegation themselves in harvesting. Since they will not be w9-S made without any bona fide inquiry and in their homes during the enumeration period meant to annoy the concerned persons. The special arrangements were made to number the matter was hence dropped. temporary huts in which they were put up (c) Care in Filling up Demographic in the Kuttanad area and enumerate the inmates Questions simultaneously and within a limited period. 147. The demographic questions have been A copy of the proceedings of the discussions held mostly filled up correctly by the enumerators. with the Tahsildar, Kuttanad and the decisions Yet, there were instances where certain errors arrived at in this behalf is given in Appen­ were detected. These related to cases of marital dix XVII. status where some males,in the age group of (e) Enumeration of Technically Qualified 10-14 were recorded as married. The investi­ Personnel gation conducted in the field showed the returns 144. In addition to the" census schedules to be incorrect in some cases. Necessary correc­ mentioned in the previous chapter a card of tions were made in the table accordingly. In technically qualified personnel was also filled up respect of age, a few cases showing age above during the cOUrse of enumeration. These cards 100 viz., 110 to 136 years, were also investigated were postage pre-paid. If it was not possible by the Deputy Superintendent of Census Opera­ for the enumerator to get the cards filled up in tions (Tabulation) Ernakulam, under my instru­ the course of enumeration he left the card with ctions. His enquiry has proved that the returns the head of the household with the instruction are quite correct. This shows that in assessing to ask the concerned member of the household the age the calendar of events given for the last to fill up the same and post it without affixing hundred years and the suggestions which were­ any stamp. Since the card was self-addressed it given in the training classes to help the persons reached the Registrar General. But, most of enumerated to recollect their age correctly have the cards were collected by the enumerators and proved somewhat fruitful. sent to the Registrar General through the Dis­ (d) Care in filling up Economic Quest iOlls trict Census Officer for tabulation. This is the 148. The most difficult part of the question­ first time in India that the census of the techni­ naire was the one dealing with the economic .cally qualified persons is taken. aspect. But the detailed instructions given in Preliminary Assessment of the Quality of Enu­ this behalf and emphasised in the training classes meration have gone a long way in making the enumeration (a) Coverage staff follow the instructions correctly ,in filling 145. The coverage in respect of households up the economic questions. A list showing the and persons was highly satisfactory. The gene­ extent of want of accuracy in filling up the ral public of Kerala have been extremely census answers to the questions is given in Appen­ .conscious and highly sensitive to any probable dixXXXVII. omission to enumerate them. This has resulted (e) Care in filling up Household Schedules in my receiving a number of communications 149. Most of the household schedules have from persons who feared that they may not been filled up correctly. be enumerated. All such cases were promptly Confusion over Concepts and Definitions attended to by me. It has to be acknowledged (a) Household Schedule that this public consciousness was highly helpful 150. The definition of household industry in the succes'sful conduct of the census oper­ for purposes of the household schedule was mis­ ations. understood in certain quarters. There was a (b) Response tendency to treat some of the items of cultiva­ 146. The response to enumeration was fully tion which were not covered by the definition of satisfactory. There was no case of any person cultivation as household industries. But the refusing to give the necessary information criterion of a household industry that it should sought by an enumerator. After the count a not be of the scale of a registered factory cannot few letters were received stating that some 'res­ be app1ied in the case of cultivation. The pondents gave false answers to the enumerators absence of this criterion makes it inevitable that

46 ARRANGEMENT FOR FILLING UP LAST MINUTE DEFLECTIONS

. no kind of cultivation can come in the category registered a case . -of household industries. Although I had taken 154. A few cases of non-enumeration in the the confirmation of the Registrar General to hilly areas and also in some other areas were exclude all cultivations for the purposes of brought to my notice after the revisional round. household schedule from the category of hduse­ All these cases were enquired into. It was hold indus~ries. it was found later on that in· found that most of these allegations were in­ ~ome other: states this interpretation was not ~orrect. But a few cases were true also. In given. This gives a lack of unifo~mity in the those cases the persons concerned were enumera­ ~oncept which is bound to have its effect on the ted as on 1st March 1961. The approval of, the '€omparative fig.ures between state and state on Registr~r General was taken over phone to household industry. The absence of a heading adopt this course. One striking case among to the blank column in the centre of Part B of these was that of a steep valley in the Udumban­ the household schedule has been a source of chola tal uk. The District Census Officer -confusion to many and it had to be explained that reported that it is highly probable that these this is .meant to give the code number by the houses were not present at the time of house tabulation office. Either a heading 'Code num­ numbering operations as they were recent ber' for this column or an explanation in the encroachers. instructions would have been useful. Item 3 in Relay of Provisional Totals Part C of the household schedule was also a 155.· The scheduled date for the relay of pro­ source of confusion to enumerators, many of visional totals was 10th March 1961. As the them taking it that it is the total of items 1 and revisional round was over only ·on 5th March 2 that should be entered in these columns instead 1961 the time at our disposal for collecting the -of the number of persons who were engaged in provisional totals was only 5 days. But it was both household cultivation and household in­ imperative that the figures had to be collected

47 POST-ENUMERATION CHECK

Variatiop between the Provisional Totals and the check. The check covered all the charges exee!>t Final Figures those which were inaccessible and special areas. 156. On the completion of tabulation it Thus, 55 taluks, one municipal corporation and was found that there was some discrepancy 28 municipal towns were taken up for the post­ between the figures given in the provisional enumeration check. Blocks were selected in totals and the final figures revealed in tabula­ accordance with the instructions of the Registrar tion. Cases of all charges where significant General at the rate of one in every 10) bloch variations were noted were investigated by going starting with the random number of 48 in rural into the original block abstracts, circle summa­ areas and one in every 50 blocks with a random ries and charge summaries. It was found from start of 26 in urban areas. In this process or­ the investigation that the mistakes in totalling selection 9 municipal towns and 39 non-munici­ have occurred at all levels in some charges viz., pal towns went without any block fa~ling in at the level of the enumerators in totalling the pad them. A list of taluks and towns in which the abstracts, at the level of the supervisors in blocks selected for post-enumeration check were totalling the block abstracts and at the level of actually located is given in Appendix XXXIX. the Charge Officers in totalling the circle sum­ The post-enumeration check consisted of two maries. In some charges the errors have been types of verification, viz. (1) the verification of committed only at some levels. The percentage the coverage of the houses censused and (2) the of errors noted under each head in some charges verification of the number of inmates censused is given in Appendix XXXVI. Column 5 of the in the sampled houses. For the purposes of the appendix will show that the difference between former, the verification officers were asked to the total of the pad abstract and the final figures prepare a fresh and independent houselist of the is negligible. Even this small variation is the blocks allotted to them. This list was compared difference between the actual total of the indi­ with the list of censused houses prepared from vidual slips which ought to have been entered by the household schedules by the Charge Officers the enumerator in the pad abstract and the figures and cases of omission in censusing houses were, given in the pad abstract. While this establishes spotted. The verification of the number of in­ the correctness of the tabulated final figures it mates censused in the sampled houses was done is no excuse for the enumerators, supervisors and by enumerating the inmates of sampled houses Charge Officers .who had not taken adequate in each block. For this purpose 10% of the care in furnishing the provisional totals. census houses in rural areas and 5% of the Booklet on Provisional Totals census houses in urban areas were selected mark­ 157. After the first relay of the provisional ing them in the serial order of one in 10 and' one totals a short illustrated publication called 'Pro­ in 20 respectively in the list of censused houses visional Totals of Kerala' giving the provisional prepared by the Charge Officers starting with the popUlation figures including sex, literacy and random numbers prescribed by the Registrar density was issued. General. The verification officers were given a The Final Census Register list of the inmates of these houses which con­ 158. Before the census records were taken tained deliberate deletions and spurious entries .. charge of by the tabulation offices, the Charge The verification officers were asked to conduct Officers Were asked to prepare a final census an independent enumeration of the inmates of Tegister in triplicate containing block-wise these houses and find out deletions and spurious information about the names of supervisors and entries and also persons who ought to have been enumerators, popUlation by sex, literacy by sex, enumerated but have not been enumerated. number of occupied houses, number of house­ Necessary instructions for the conduct of the holds, number of used, unused and cancelled verification as envisaged above were given to the slips etc., and send one copy to the Superintend­ verification officers. The verification officers for ent of Census Operations and one copy to the post-enumeration check were appointed from the tabulation office concerned and keep one copy best supervisors in the main census enumeration with the Charge Officer. The Tahsildars Who subject to the condition that no supervisor will had also non-municipal towns within their juris- be appointed as verification officer in the circle ·diction had to prepare the register separately which was originally in his charge for the main for urban and rural areas to be sent to the urban census count. The post-enumeration check was and rural tabulation offices. completed and the report submitted to the Post-Enumeration Check Registrar General on 22nd July 1961 along with 159. The relay of the provisional totals was all the records in the check. A report on the followed on its heels by the post-enumeration post-enumeration check is being published by

48 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE POST-ENUMERATION CHECK the Registrar General. The results of the post­ officers to detect the ghost entries and deletions enumeration check show that the correct popu-, in the course of their survey which naturally lation per 1000 enumerated persons 'in the census _implies a most careful count of the inmates on is, 1003 in Kedtla ~gainst the all India average the part· of the verification officers. Another of ]007. . safeguard. was that the censused list of the in­ Sp~cial Features of the Post-EnumeratiQn Check mates of the house~ was kept secret and the 160. The importance of the post-tmumer­ verification officer was made to make his own atiorl check rn verify~ng the correctness of census count. Further, the recording of the particulars count has been receiving increasing recognition of age and sex of the under-enumerated persons during the fifties of tliis century and such checks in 1961 has: enabled the assessment of errors by were instituted by several countries including sex and age groups thereby adding to the com­ United States of America, Unite"d Kingdom, pleteness of verification. France, Norway, Japan, Tunisia, Yugoslavia and 161. While every possible step has been India. The methods of sample surveys done in taken as indicated above to make the 1961 post­ this connection, though differ in details, have enumeration check as efficient as possible, the much in common among them. Generally, the check was not without a few short-comings post-enumeration checks are intended to find out which are but natural in an operation timed to the observational errors in 'recording and re­ be conducted immediately after a major oper­ porting' 'and errors in 'coverage'. The for­ ation as the census count. A reference to these mer is known as the 'content check' and the is considered necessary with a view to facilitate :latter the 'coverage check'. The post-enu­ their scrutiny for future censuses. The first 'Imeration checks conducted in India in 1951 short-coming is in respect of training. In India and 1961 were directed to serve as 'coverage the verification officers are picked up from checks' only. The' coverage check' itself is among the supervisors who have just completed divided into two parts, one dealing with the the census enumeration. The procedure for coverage of houses and the other with the the conduct of the post-enumeration check coverage of the inmates of the sAmpled houses. prescribed in 1961 is so intricate that the In respect of the former, the check instituted in verification staff including the charge officers 1961 differs from that of 1951 -in some essential require thorough training. The high concen­ particulars. While in 1951 it was only three tration of attention and energy in the main houses adjoining the sampled houses that were census operation which is linked to rigid time checked for purposes of verifying the coverage schedules has naturally pushed the post-enumer­ of houses, in 1961 all the houses in the selected ation check to the background till the eve of the blocks were checked for which an independent main operation resulting in the postponement list of houses was prepared by the verification of the issue of detailed instructions from the officer and compared with the list of censused Centre till February ]961 when all were busy houses .prepared separately by the Charge Officer with the preparation for enumeration. The in­ from ·the household schedules and kept with him. terval between the issue of detailed instructions The defects in the coverag() of houses in the and the commencement of the post-enumeration sampled blocks were thus efficiently and exhaus­ check was too short to ensure adequate training tively spotted out. In 1951, again, a direction of the verification ~taff. The central training of was gvein to the verification officers that the the officers' from the states was also arranged number of inmates of missed houses should not only a few days prior to the commencement of be recorded, while in the 196] check the number the post-enumeration check. These factors have of inmates aqd their sex in each missed house resulted in some degree of inadequacy of training were recorded thereby enabling the assessment to the Charge Officers and verification officers of the number of persons missed in the count which was limited to a single round. With the by omission of houses in the sampled blocks in growing importance of the post-enumeration sex-war order. This procedure has contributed check it seems essential to give more than one in no small measure to - the rendering of the round of training to the verification staff includ­ asselisment of errors more complete than in 1951. ing the Charge Officers as is done for the main The introduction of ghost entries and deletions census operations which necessarily implies that in the slips containing the names of the inmates this training should be started prior to the count of the houses given to the verification officer for itself. In states like Kerala where it has been check in the 1961 post-enumeration check is an possible for the Superintendent of Census Oper­ equally important departure from that of 1951. ations to give the last round of training to the This has made it incumbent upon the verification enumeration staff engaged in the main census

49 CLERICAL ASSISTANCE TO DISTRICT CENSUS OFFICERS AND CHARGE OFFICERS count, such a training could be given to the veri­ operations as well as the verification staff in the fication staff engaged in post-enumeration che~k post-enumeration check has not been adopted in also if timed sufficiently early. Another equally· this country for the 1961 Census for its obvious important short-coming is the engaging of the defects, the time rate offered to the verification same set of Charge Officers for the main census officers for the entire work is too inadequate to operations as well as for the post-enumeration ensure any degree of satisfaction to the verifi­ check. J;Jy the time the main census operations cation officers who have to put in honest, inten­ are over, these Charge Officers who, amidst their sive and careful work in this behalf. A more multifarious routine duties, have strained every adequate remuneration to the verification staff nerve of theirs for the efficient prosecution of is sure to secure more efficient field work in the census operations within the scheduled time, the check. would naturally have got themselves completely 162. The above features have affected, exhausted. With extremely few exceptions the though in a slight degree, the prosecution of majority of them, therefore, would have found the post-enumeration check in this State. Some it difficult to command the energy to secure of the Charge Officers went wrong in selecting an efficient prosecution of a second operation the random start numbers and also the houses like the post-enumeration check. Perhaps, a in the correct order after the random start, In different set of officers who were not in charge the latter case a re-check had to be ordered' and of the main operations can do better justice to was done accordingly. Again, in recording the the post-enumeration check than the Charge summary results some of the Charge Officers have Officers engaged in the main census operations. committed mistakes with the result that the A third, and by no means the least important forms had either to be corrected or replaced by short-coming, is the inadequacy of remuneration my office itself. So far as the verification paid for post-enumeration check. The following officers are concerned, the cases of non-detection observation in the United Nations Handbook of ghost entries exceed two in 15 blocks. This of Population Census Methods Volume I, page number, however, is not very large. With the 109 is relevant in this connection :- aid of the scrutiny done in my office, the defects.· "Since the sample check aims at revealing have been rectified wherever possible and it the errors made in the census enumeration by could be said that despite the short-comings comparison of the results obtained they have to referred to above, the post-enumeration check in be particularly accurate. The following chara­ the State has come out satisfactorily. A copy of cteristics of the post-enumeration survey of the the instructions and forms issued for the con­ United States (1950) stress the importance of the duct of the· post-enumeration check is given in accuracy factor :- Appendix XXXVIII. (1) The re-enumerative check was as close Clerical Assistance to District Census Officers to a 'maximum intensity procedure' as could and Charge Officers . be designed. About twenty times more money 163. Compared to 1951 Census in Travan­ was spent per case in post enumeration survey core-Cochin when only a clerical allowance was than in the census enumeration. granted to a clerk in the offices of the Charge (2) The personnel for carrying out the Officers, in 1961 much better clerical assistance survey was selected from among the best can­ was provided. Thus, in the case of District vassers and crew leaders who worked on the Census Officers, one upper division clerk, one census; they were given more extended and lower division clerk and one peon were sanction­ doser supervision than was possible for the ed while in the case of Tahsildars and Divisional census canvassers; they were paid on a daily Forest Officers one lower division clerk was rate basis instead of on a piece rate basis as were allowed. For municipalities with a popUlation the census canvassers, in order to prevent any of one lakh and above according to 1951 Census incentive to sacrifice quality. one upper division clerk was sanctioned. The (3) In the original enumeration a single rest of the municipalities were given a clerical individual could serve as a respondent for all allowance of Rs. 10/- per month. The above members of the household; in the re-check, the provision of staff and allowance was with effect relevant respondent had to be sought out, even from 1st March 1960 up to 31st May 1961.. at the expense of repeated call backs". But the work was finished earlier than antici­ This observation speaks for itself. While in U.S.A. pated, and hence the clerical assistance sanctione<1 more money is spent on post-enumeration check, as above was terminated in the case of all charges in India it is not so. Though the piece-rate except 14 forest divisions from the afternoon of system in paying the enumerator in the main 20th April 1961 and in the case of all forest

50 HONORARIUM 10 ENUMERATION STAFF

-divisions from the afternoon of 2nd May 1961. a large area had to be covered. It was, there.. There was no special staff for special areas. fore, considered that a weightage should be given Honorarium to Enumeration Staff to area also in the distribution of the honor­ , 164. In the conference of the Superintend­ arium. Hence a formula was evolved wherebY ~nts of Census Operations the question of honor­ the total amount allotted for house numbering arium to the enumeration staff was diflcussed at and houselisting operations for the entire State great length. It was decided that an honorarium will be divided in the ratio of 2: 3 representing should be given in every state on a basic prin­ area and population of the whole State and the ciple applicable thtoughout India. In pursuance amount so arrived at will be distributed among of this, an honorarium of Rs. 5/- per block the villages, towns, reserve forest ranges and including the cost of house numbering materials special areas according to the area and popula­ .and carriage, cost of paint, pot and brushes tion. The area of total uninhabited forest was allowed for house numbering and houselist­ ranges was excluded for purposes of this ing operations and a sum of Rs. 15/- per enu­ calculation. The amount so distributed to a merator for a block of 750 persons in rural areas whole village, town Or reserve forest range, or or 600 persons in urban areas was allowed for special area after deducting the advance given to enumeration including the expenses for attending the enumerators and the cost of the stencils was .a minimum of six training classes .and equip­ first divided in the ratio of 1 : 3 : 2 to arrive ments like ink, pen etc. A supervison charge of at the proportions due to the supervisors and Rs. 4/- was allowed per block. Thus, the total enumerators and assistants to enumerators res­ honorarium for a block of an average of 700 pectively of that village, town, reserve forest persons was fixed at Rs. 24/-. But it was left to range or special area. The portions so set apart the Superintendents of Census Operations to wet:e further divided. among the supervisors, vary the charges v"ithin their states from one enumerators and aSsIstants to enumerators ac~ area to another keeping, however, the state as a cording to the number of census houses and whole to an average of 3'5 np per person. The census households supervised, numbered and Superintendents of Census Operations were also listed and assisted in the numbering by the allowed the discretion to adjust payments be­ supervisors, enumerators and assistants to enu­ tween the enumerators and supervisors and merators respectively. The above scheme of among enumerators of different areas and even distribution proved quite satisfactory in secur­ among enumerators of the same area in the ing an equitable distrib.ution of honorarium to ratios between the house numbering and house­ the supervisors, enumerators and assistants to listing charges and enumeration and supervision enumerators in all the areas. The total amount charges. so distributed came to Rs. 117.900/- from which 165. In this State the house numbering a sum of Rs. 4098'24 was deducted before distri­ operations and the enumeration were conducted bution, being the cost of stencils supplied to the by two different sets of enumerators and in two enumeration staff. Coming to the' honorarium different stages. It was, however, incumbent on for enumeration, an amount of Rs. 19/- per 700 the department to pay the honorarium for house­ persons as per the provisional population figures numbering and houselisting operations immedi­ was set apart for distribution among the enu­ ately on the completion of the work. There meration staff. The total amount on this ac­ was, therefore, no time to wait for the census count came to Rs. 4$8,041/-. This amount was count and ascertain the population of 1961. distributed at the fol1owing rates:- Hence it was decided to adopt the houselist Enumerators of the taluks population ¥ the basis for the calculation of the of Devicolam, Peermade, honorarium for the house numbering and house­ Udumbanchola, South Wy­ listing operations. The total amount due to be nad and North Wynad ... Rs.25/-

Supervisot:s of special areas taluk which is a water logged area, and enumer­ and special blocks Rs. 10/. ators of general blocks who have enumerated Reserve enumerators and su­ more than 50% of the normal number of house­ pervisors who are not helds in a block in addition to the normal posted for actual enume­ number of households. This came to Rs. 11.25· ration and have attended per head. :Honorarium on the basis of the all the training classes above formula was calculated and sent to the beyond five miles of their Charge Officers through the District Census normal place of work RS.7·50 Officers for distribution. Reserve enumerators and sup­ 166. The principle underlying the payment ervisors who have atten­ of honorarium for census work is that the enu­ ded all the training merators and supervisors should noli suffer any classes within five miles of expenditure out of their pockets. The 1961 their normal- place· of Census work was heavy. The number of classes work Rs.2·50 which the enumerators had to attend was also Reserve enumerators and sup­ Rs.2·50 large. Considering these factors the honorarium ervisors who have attend­ plus Re. 1/ for paid to the enumeration staff was hardly ed some training classes every class at­ adequate .... At the same time it has to be men­ within five miles of their tended beyond tioned that the vast majority of the enumerators place of work and the five miles of have accepted the honorarium with pleasure. remaining classes beyond their place of A few have donated the honorarium for flood five miles work relief funds and informed me of the same. Nothing else can be a better expression of th~ Enumerators of the taluks spirit of national service on the part of the of Devicolam, Peermade, several thousands of enumerators and super- Udumbanchola, South Wy­ visors in Kerala. ' nad and North Wynad who Honorarium for Post-Enumeration Check have enumerated only less 167. The Registrar General had sanctioned than 50% of the number of only Rs. 4/- for a verification officer engaged in households allotted to a the post-enumeration check. On my taking up normal block ... " Rs. 16/- the case again with him the Registrar General Enumerators who have enu­ was pleased to reconsider the position and as a merated only less than special' case for Kerala sanctioned Rs. 10/- per 50% of the number of verification officer. This was also paid. households allotted to a Recognition of the Services of the Enumeration normal block in areas Staff other than the ab~ve taluks Rs. 10/- 168. On the completion of the enumeration Where more than one supervisor or enumer­ I sent a letter to all the supervisors and enUmer­ ator were appointed in a circle or block f9r ators appreciating the great piece of national unavoidable reasons the amount of honorarium service which they have rendered and thanking allowed to one circle or block, as the case may them for the same. This was very much appre­ be, was divided among the supervisors of that ciated by the enumeration staff. Several of circle or enumerators of that block in propor­ them have acknowledged this letter with grati­ tion to the quantity of work done by each. But tude and expressed their happiness in having had a minimum of Rs. 16/- was given to such the opportunity of being participants in this supervisors or enumerators in the taluks of great work. Sample copies of two letters are Devicolam, Peennade, Udumbanchola, North given in Appendix No. XLII. Wynad and South Wynad and Rs. 10/- in all 169. In accordance with the tradition of the other areas. The balance out of the total Indian census 412 bronze and 206 silver medals amount set apart for honorarium left after were allotted to Kerala to be distributed to the distributing the honorarium according to the various categories of persons who have served above rates and meeting the incidental expenses in the census operations. Distribution of thes~ connected with the enumeration was divided medals has been as follows :-. equally among the enumerators and supervisors CATEGORY SILVER BRONZE w~o were post~d for enumeration beyond five 1. Enumerators engaged in mdes from theIr place of work in all charges, house numbering opera­ enumerators and supervisors of the Kuttanad tions. 15 3(} 52 SPECIAL STUDIES

2. Enumerators engaged i.1 their full co-operation for the successful com­ actual enumeration 88 259 pletion of th-;: census operations and to volun­ 3. Supervisors engaged in tarily acc.:pt and discharge any census duty house numbering opera- entrusted to them with utmost ability, zeal and tions 10 10 conscience also stated that the manner in which 4. Supervisors engaged in they perform the census duties will be taken into enumeration 41 42 account in the periodical assessment of the work 5. Charge Officers 20 30 and conduct by their respective superiors. 6. District Census Officers A copy of this memorandum is given in and Deputy Superinten- Appendix XXII. dents 5 8 Special Studies 7. Tabulation offices 17 23 172. In accordance with the tradition of the 8. Head Office and Sub Indian census a large number of studies have Offices 10 10 been undertaken in the 1961 Census. These con­ 170. Items 1 to 5 were allotted to each sist of the following :-- district on the basis of the provisional popula­ 1. Village survey tion figures published in 1961 Census. The 2. Survey of rural and tribal crafts district-war statement is given in Appendix XL. 3. Survey of f.iirs and festivals The above medals are to be distributed to the 4. Survey of the scheduled castes and census workers whose services are distinguished scheduled tribes for preparing their by outstanding zeal and quality and approved by monographs the State Government. The proposals for the 5. Survey of births and deaths award of medals to the Charge Officers and the 6. Fertility survey staff of the District Census Officers and Charge 7. Survey of consanguineous marriages Officers are made by the District Collectors in (aJ Village Survey consultation with the District Census Officers. 173. The villages were selected having re­ In respect of the supervisors and enumerators gard to the distribution of certain important also the District Collectors are to make the cottage industries, settlements of scheduled proposals in consultation, with the Charge castes and scheduled tribes etc. The cottage Officers. The list of the names selected will be industries which have been represented in the sent to the Superintendent of Census Operations selection of the villages are coir, village pot­ who in turn will forward the same to Govern­ teries, screwpine and other mat making, paddy ment for approval. The names of the District cultivation, kari land CUltivation, rattan industry Census Officers, Deputy Superintendents of and co:;oanut tree tapping. Thirty-five villages Census Operations and the staff of the office of have been selected for the village survey. Of the Superintendent of Census Operations and these, the survey of 20 villages has been com­ tabulation offices to whom medals should be pleted when writing this report. Reports relat­ awarded are to be recommended to Government ing to them are being drafted. Three investi­ by the Superintendent of Census Operations. Al­ gators were appointed for the purpose of this. though the Registrar General had agreed to meet survey. These were taken from the Department the travelling expenses of the recipients of of Statistics of the State Government in which medals in case the State Government desired to they were Stati$tical Inspectors. Of the thirty­ distribute the medals in a State celebration like five villages, 9 villages ',vere tribal areas located the Independence Day or the Republic Day, the in reserve forests. It was not possible for State Government did not favour the idea of the normal investigators to take up the work distributing the medals on the Independence Day in the tribal areas along with the survey of celebrations in view of the large number of reci­ the other villages in view of the difficult terrain pients. In the circumstances, it was decided by and the time involv~d in the survey of the the State Government that the distribution be tribal areas. Fortunately for me Dr. (Miss} done by sending medals by post throughout the A. George, Professor of Statistics of the Kerala State. The steps for the distribution of the Unl.'versity kindly extended her co-operation in medals as stated above are under way when this getting this work done by deputing her four report is written. laboratory assist~nts to conduct the survey in 171. In their memorandum No. 29653- these areas. The KeraiJ. University approved CI/60-1 dated 21st May 1960 the State Govern­ the proposals and accorded their sanction for th~ ment while requiring the government employees scheme. The investigators were treated as. and the employees of the local bodies to extend honorary workers and given their travelling

53 RURAL AND TRIBAL CRAFT SURVEY

.allowance. The question of giving a suitable accordingly addressed. A suitable pro forma was honorarium is also under consideration. This also prescribed. This was responded to most "Survey is being done under the supervision of enthusiastically as a result of which quite a Dr. (Miss) A. George. The survey in all the large number of details and descriptive accounts villages was limited to an area covered by were received. approximately 125 households. But in that (d) Survey of Scheduled Castes and Sche­ area the survey was intensive. In a few cases, duled Tribes instead of revenue villages, localities were 176. A survey of scheduled castes and selected. scheduled tribes with the object of writing their (b) Rural and Tribal Craft Survey monographs has also been undertaken. Two 174. A Research Assistant has been ap­ investigators have been appointed for the pur­ pointed to conduct the survey of rural and pose. The survey is under 'Yay. tribal crafts. The items covered by the survey (e) Survey of Births and Deaths are:- 177. A survey of births and deaths was 1. Coir industry conducted by the Statistics Department on 2. Bell metal industry behalf of the Central Government and the tables 3. Kathaka1i costumes and accessories were forwarded to the Registrar General and to 4. Kora grass mats me. 5. Wood carving (f) Fertility Survey 6. Lapidary works 178. A fertility survey was undertaken by 7. Reed mats the Census Department towards the close of 8. Screwpine mats tabulation. Though this survey does not relate 9. Laminated wood works to the period under review in this report it is 10. Embroidered liturgical vestments more appropriate to deal with the subject here 11. ' Kuftgari ' under special studies. Before starting the sur­ 12. Straw and bark pictures vey proper, a pilot survey was undertaken in 13. Solah pith utility decoration objects 96 households in the whole State, these being 14. Granite works distributed in 6 urban areas and 6 rural areas at ] 5. Lacquer works the rate of 8 houses in each place. This pilot 16. Cocoanut shell wares survey was conducted by the enumerators and (c) Survey of Fairs and Festivals supervisors of the tabulation offices. On the 175. In connection with the survey of rural completion. of the pilot survey the draft ques­ and tribal crafts it was considered that the fairs tionnaire "ias finalised without any change. This and festivals in the State are also important in the was followed by the final survey. The blocks sense that these products are overwhelmingly selected for the survey \vere identical with those marketed in these fairs and festivals. As such selected for post-enumeration check. But, an account of the fairs and festivals consisting of instead of taking the sampled households in a an exhaustive list pertaining to them and a block, all the households in the block were descriptive account of the more important ones covered in this survey. In the final survey also is proposed to be published. The particulars of the sorters and supervisors of the tabulation the dat~, occasion and attendance at these festi­ offices were engaged, the former as investigators vals have been collected in respect of about 3696 and the latter as supervisors. The period allow­ already. Descriptive accounts have been received ed for the survey was 12 days in each block. in respect of 106 festivals. Some more are The total number of investigators and super­ expected. In getting through this important visors engaged came to 237 and 25 respectively. item of work an attempt was made at first to The work was inspected both in the field and in -collect the information through official sources the office by the Deputy Superintendents of like the Charg6 Officers, Police Department and Census Operations (Tabulation). The investi­ the Public Health Department. They were also gators and supervisors were given the normal requested to get accounts of these festivals travelling allowance also for the journeys under­ written by private persons who are competent to taken for the conduct of the survey. Wherever write on the subject. Though some lists and the tabulation offices had retrenched their staff .accounts were received in pursuance of this, fresh recruitment was made for this survey they were far from being exhaustive. As such through the Employment Exchange, preference it was decided to try other sources to get more being given to those hands who were already exhaustive information. Panchayat Presidents, thrown out. On the completion of the survey religious dignitaries and institutions were the tickets were sorted in the respective tabula-

54 ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGR",PHS

tion offices. A copy of the questionnaire and a numbering and enumeration, printing, stationery -copy of instructions given for the survey are and other charges and all incidental expenditure given in Appendix XLI. connected with enumeration have been taken into (g) Survey of Consanguineous Marriages - account. No item of expenditure in connection 179. A survey of consanguineous marriages with the Superintendent of Census Operations is being conducted in all the villages taken up and his office has been included in this item in for village survey. The same investigators in accordance with the tradition in this behalf. -charge of the village surveys are conduct­ Conclusion ing this survey also along with the village 182. Before concluding this report I should survey. express my deep sense of gratitude to the Go­ Arrangements for taking Photographs vernment of Kerala for the unstinted co-opera­ 180. In view of the importance of the tion and help extended to me in the conduct of village survey, survey of fairs and festivals and the census operations. The Chief Minister and rural and tribal crafts survey the State Govern­ the Chief Secretary to Government who were ment agreed as a special case to take the photo­ holding the portfolio of census operations in graphs for these surveys through the Depart­ the State Government have always evinced such a ment of Public Relations free of cost, the con­ keen and lively interest in furthering the progress veyance for the photographer being alone of the census operations in the State that I provided by the Census Department. This always felt at ease in tackling the problems arrangement was highly helpful for the surveys attending this work of considerable magnitude. in question. The enthusiastic co-operation lent J am ever grateful to them. I am equally grate­ by the Director of Public Relations and his ful to the rest of the Ministers, the Secretaries to photographers in this behalf should be gratefully Government and the Heads of Departments for acknow ledged. A few films were) however the help and co-operation they have extended supplied by the Registrar General to the Depart: to me. Coming to the District Collectors, ment of Public Relations. District Census Officers, Charge Officers and tl1e Cost of Enumeration several thousands of supervisors and enumer­ 181. The per capita expenditure for enumer­ ators, and my own colleagues of the depart­ ation has come to approximately 4.81 np. In ment including the staff of both my office and calculating this expenditure, the honorarium sub-offices to whose untiring enthusiasm and and T. A. for pre-test operations, the pay and co-operation should be attributed whatever allowances of the Deputy Superintendents of success the census operations in Kerala have Census Operations (Tabulation) for four months achieved I can hardly find words to express my and the staff of the District Census Officers and gratitude. Above all, it is the inspiring guid­ -Charge Officers engaged in census work, the ance and timely help which have been extended allowances paid as clerical allowance to certain with uniform courtesy by the Registrar General Municipalities, the T. A. of District Census that have given strength and light to my work. Officers, T. A. or P. T. A. of Charge Officers, I take this opportunity to express my deep-felt T. A. of the staff of the District Census Officers thanks to him. In no small measure are my and Charge Officers, the honorarium paid to the thanks due to the colleagues of the Registrar enumerators and supervisors both for house- General and his office.

55 APPENDIX I

Statement of staff of the office of the Superi.ntendent of Census Operations up to 30-6-1961 other than houselist tabulation staff

S]' Designation and Pay excluding allow­ No. scale of pay No, Period ances Remarks of post 2 3 4 5 6

Head Assistant Shri K. V. Joseph from 2-4-59 State scale of pay of Superintendent in the Rs. 250-400 (continues) Rs. 200-400 plus 20 no State Government (Revised scale deputation special pay (Gazetted post) on Rs. 350·475) deputation 2 Upper Division Clerks 6 1. Shri N. Sankara Mannadiar State scale of pa~' On deputation from. Rs. 80-220 from 23-5-59 to 9-4-1961 (Rs. 90-200) plus 20 () " State Secretariat (Revised scale and deputation special pay Rs. 130-300) Shri K. P. Shanmukhadas Central scale of pay do. from 20-5-61 (continues) 2. Shri C. T. Joseph 23-5-59 (con­ State scale plus 20 01 ~ do. tinues) deputation special pay 3. Shri A. K. Achuthan 1-3-60 Central scale of pay do. (continues) 4. Shri M. Mohamed Usman State scale of pay plus do. 5-4-60 (continues) 20 % deputation special pay 5. Shri K. V. Ramaswami 1-10-60 Central scale of pay Recruited through (continues) Employment Ex­ change 6. Smt. Gladys Aranha 1-10-60 do. do. to 30-11-60 and Shri D. Haridas from 20-5-61 do. On deputation from (continues) State Secretariat 3 LO\ver Division Clerks 4 1. Shri A. K. Achuthan 2-4-59 to do. do. Rs. 60-130 (Revised 29-2-60, scale R~. 110-180) Smt. G1advs Aranha 21-5-60 do. Recruited through to 30-9-60' Employment Ex­ and change Shri D. Haridas 21-11-60 to State scale of pay (Rs. On deputation from 19-5-61 (Vacant from 20-5-61 50-125) plus 20 ~u depu­ State Secretariat till da te 30-6-61) tation special pay 2. Shri T. Raghavan Nair 2-4-59 Central scale of pay do. to 21-2-60, Shri K.V. Ramaswami 12-5-60 do. Through Employment to 30-9-60 Exchange and Shri E. V. Unnikrishnan Nair do. On deputation from 3-12-60 (continues) Forest Department 3. Shri P. P. Govindan Nair do. On deputation from 1-8-60 to 13-12-60 State Secretariat and Shri K. P. Shanmukhadas State scale of pay plus from 3-1-61 to 19-5-61 (Vacant 20 % deputation special do. from 20-5-61 till date 30-6-61) pay 4. Shri P. N. Vasukuttv 1-8-60 do. On deputation from to 14-5-61 (vacant from Board of Revenue 15-5-1961 till date 30-6-61) 4 Stenographers 2 1. Smt. Joseph Vivera 5-3-59 State scale of pay (Rs. On deputation from Rs. 80-220 (Revised (continues) 50-200) plus 20 0 0 depu­ Sta te Secretariat Rs. 130-300) tation special pay 2. Shri e.G. Augustine 9-8-60 to State scale of pay (Rs. do. 31-12-60 50-125) plus 20 ~ 0 depu­ and tation specia I pay Shri K. Balasubramanian from Central scale of pay do. 2-1-61 (continues)

56 APPENDIX I--contd.

2 3 4 5 6 5 Upper Division TYpist Shri N.I Ramamoorthy from Central scale On deputation from Rs. 80-220 (Revised 1-8-60 (~ontinues) the Board of Re­ Rs. q0-3(0) venue 6 Lower Division Typist Shri N. Ramamoorthy from State scale of pay (Rs. do. Rs. 60-130 (Revised 24-10-59 to 31-7-60 40-120) plus deputation Rs. 110-180) and special pay 20% Shri V. G. Balakrishaan from State scale of pay (Rs. On deputation from 9-8-60 (continues) , 50-125) plus deputation Secretariat special pay 20 % 7 Accountant Rs. 80-220 Shri G. Bhaskaran Nair from Central scale plus deput­ On deputation from (Revised Rs. 130-300) 12-12-59 to 14-5-1961 ation speciaJ pay 20 ~o Accountant Gene­ and ral's Office Shri N. Kochurama Panickar from 15-5-61 (continues) do. do. 8 Cashier (Rs. 110-180) (Shri G. Bhaskaran Nair was Accountant-Cashier from 12-12-59 to 14-5-61) and Shri P. N. Vasukutty was aplo State scale of pay On deputation from pointed as Cashier from (Rs.4O-120) plus 20 % Board of Revenue 15-5-61 (continues) deputation special pay 9 Statistical Assistants 3 1. Shri P. Gopinatha Pillai from State scale of pay On deputation from Rs. 160-330 (Revised 18-5-59 to 4-4-1961 (vacant (Rs. 150-250) plus State Statistics De­ Rs. 210-425) from 5-4-61) 20 % deputation special partment pay 2. Shri K. Rajagopal from do. do. 12-5-59 to 4-4-61 (vacant from 5-4-61) 3. Shri H. Padmanabha Iyer do. do. from 19-9-60 to 3-4-1961 and Shri S. Jayashankar from do. do. 25-4-61 (continues) 10 Economic Investigators 2 1. Shd K. N. Radhakrishnan do. do. Rs. 160-330 (Revised Nair from 21-9-60 (continues) Rs.210-425) 2. Shri C. Daniel from 21-9-60 do. do. (continues) 11 Research Assistant Shri N. Sankara Mannadiar - Central scale On deputation from (R').250/- fixed) from 10-4-61 (continues) State Secretariat 12 Upper Division Compilers 2 1. Shri K. N. Raman from State scale of pay On deputation from Rs. 80-220 (Revised 19-9-60 (continues) (Rs. SO-ISO) plus 20 % State Statistics De­ Rs. 130-300) deputation special pay partment 2. Shri S. JayashaRkar . from 19-9-60 to 17-1-61 do. do. and Shri S. Viswanathan from Central scale of pay Recruited through 19-5-61 (continues) Employment Ex­ change 13 Draughtsmen 2 I. Shri S. Govindan Asari from State scale of pay On deputation from Rs. 100-185 (Revised q-12-59 to 11-3-60 (Rs. ~0-IS0) plus 20 % Survey and Land Rs. 150-240) deputation special Records Depart­ pay ment 2. Shri N. Kolappan Asari from do. do. 12-12-59 to 11-3-60 1. Shri V. Chellappan Asari from State scale of pay do. 25-5-61 (continues) (Rs. 80-1 SO) plus deputa­ tion special pay 20 % 2. Shri K. Krishna Pillai from Central scale of pay On deputation from 1-6-61 (continues) State Statistics De­ partment 14 Driver Rs.60-75 (Revised Shri S. Sridharan from 13-2-60 do. On deputation from Rs. 110-139) (continues) Board of Revenue 15 Duftry (cum-Duplicator Shri S. Rajasekhara Panickar do. Recruited through Operator) Rs. 35-1-50 from 1-9-59 (continues) Employment Ex- (Revised Rs. 75-95) change 16 Peons Rs. 30-35 (Revised 8 1. Shri N. Bhaskaran Nair from do. On deputation from Rs.70-85) 24-3-59 to 31-7-59 State Secretariat 57 APPENDIX I-concld.

1 2 3 4 5 6 Peons Rs. 30-35 (Revised Shri S. Maniappan from Central scale of pay Recruited through Rs. 70-85)-contd. 10-8-59 to 3-4-61 Employment Ex­ and change Shri K. Sukumaran Nair from do. do. 19-6-6 t (continues) 2. Shri G. Ramakrishna Pillai do. On deputation fro:'!l from 23-4-59 (continues) State Secretariat 3. Shri V. K. Sukumaran from do. Recruited through 19-5-59 (continues) Employment Ex­ change 4. Shri N. Velayudhan from do. . do. 11-5-60 (continues) 5. Shri P. Rajappan from 12-5-60 do. do. (continues) 6. Shri V. Sadasivan Pillai from do. do. 13-5-60 (continues) 7. Shri M. Balakrishnan Nair do. do. from 28-11-60 (continues) 8. Shri S. Parameswaran Nair do. do. from 7-2-1961 (continues) J 7 Gardener eRs. 70-85) Shri T. George from 7-2-1961 -do. do. (continues) 18 Watcher Rs. 30-35 (Re- 1 Shri N. Velayudhan from do. do. vised R~. 70-85) ]0-8-59 to 10-5-60 and Shri M. Krishna Pillai from do. do. 11-5-60 (continues)

Temporary Staff for scrutiny of Houselists

Upper Division Compiler 71 } The 8 hands were (Rs. 80-220) From 9-6-60 to 1-7-60 State ~cale plus deputa­ taken on deputation :2 Lower Division Compilers tjl}n spec:aJ pay from the office of (Rs. 60-130) the Dir.!ctor of S~a­ tistics 3 Sorters (on Rs. 3/- per 8 From 5-7-60 to 31-8-1960 Rs. 3/- per cay Through Employment day) Exchange 4 Sorters (on Rs. 3,'- per 20 From 19-9-1960 to 31-10-60 Rs. 3/- per day do. day)

Temporary Staff for Pre-test Tabulation

1 Sorters (on Rs. 3/- per 16 From 16-3-1960 to 9-4-1963 Rs. 3/- per day Through Employment day) Exchange

58 APPENDIX II. CeRtres seJected for the SecoRd Pre-test

No. of No. ,Jf Name of Centre ' No. of No. of cen- separate District building, "SllS houses hOu,'leholds- Urban Rural structures

2 3 4 5 6 7 'Trivandrum Fort Division Ward. 298 309 .3 222 Trivandrum City Kazhakuttam Menamku- 307 299 66 281 lam village. Trivandrum Taluk ''Ouilon Thamarakulam Ward, 294 430 ]20 28] Quiton Town MeliJa village, Kottara- 285 335 110 260 kara Taluk -Alleppey Mullakkal Ward, Allep- 294 737 27 303 pey Town. Ala village, Chengannur 300 317 91 284 Taluk 4(ottayan~ Ward No. XV, Kottayam 280 339 45 295 Town Panachikad village, Kot- 294 301 36 273 tayam Taluk Ernakulam Ward No. XV, Ernaku- 278 399 48 298 Jam Town Alengad village, Parur 278 292 3 252 Taluk lrichur Ward No. XIII. Trichur 280 350 15 161 Town Chelakkara village, Tala- 126 287 5 143 " ppil1y Taluk :ralghat Ward No. XX, Palghat 279 320 41 102 Town Koyalmannam village, 282 285 15 277 Alathur Taluk ·Kozhikode Ward ?'

59 APPENDIX III CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 HOUSELIST Name of District...... (Code No. ) Name of Taluk ...... (Code No. ) Name of Town/Village/Forest Division ...... '" ... (Code No. ) , I Purpose for which I If this census house is used as an establishment, workshop Building Building \ census house used, or factory Number Number e.g. dwelling, shop, 1Average No ... Line (Municipal (Column 2) shop-cum-dwel. of persons i ho. ~r l?cal I with sub- I ling, business, fac- Name of Name of employed dai- Kind of au.honty or numbers for I tory workshop pro due t (s) ly. last ~eek \ fuel or Census I " I establishment or . " I (mcludmg . power if Nu b each census Ischool or other in- , proprietor repaIr or servIcIng .proprietor, or machin- if ~n;)' \ house stitution. jail. I undertaken I househ()l~ Iery is used hostel, hotel etc. members If __~, ______~ ______~ __------~~---- ______~ ______~w~o~r_kl~·Il~g~).~ ______

1 1__ 2__ 1:___ 3_____ 4___ 1___ 5____ 1 ____ 6 ______7_____ 8__ I .------I I------2 1 Certified that the information is cgrrect to the best of my knowledge. Signature of Enumerator .... : ...... ·

Name of Ward / Kara / Desom / Muri I Forest: Range ... '" ...... (Code No.· )

. Description of ce­ No. of persons residing in Does· the nSUS house Sub-number I census household on day household of each cen­ I No. of roo­ live in own of viSit sus house­ Name of Head ms in cen' or rented ------1- Material hold with of Household Material sus house- house? Remarh· of wall of roof census house hold number (a) Own (0),: Males Females Total (Column 3) (b) Rented ! I (R) · _____ :______L______~---- __-- __I~ __ --__ ~\------~--~------~~-- 14 I 15 16 17 18 9 10 '11 __1_2______~ ______! I ---- r -1 j- I X -I Date...... Total fOf page I I 1__ r_I~' ~ NOTE:- The size of form was Royal Folio (13" x 20") printed on both pages with 20 lines in a page numbered as I, 2, 3, ...... 8,9,0, 1,2,3, ...... 9, O.

60 APPENDIX IV Household Schedule CONFIDENTIAL CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 [To be filled up during Enumeration] Is this an institution·t PART I-HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE LOCATION CODE:------__ Full Name of HeaJ of S. C. Household ______------S. T. 1------/

A. Cultivation local name of right I Area in acre, i on land ,I t. Land under cultivation by Household I (i) owned or hdd from Government I 1 ~--I

------~--- I ------I (ii) held from private persons or institu------~------~~- ~~ ~-- ~-!, tions for pa) menl in money, kind or I

-~-- -~-~~~---- ~------~------! ----~- share I I !' ~------_ -~------! I -_- I-_ ------I (ii i) Total of items (i) and (ii) .. -.. __ ..... -_._ ...... __ I - .. - -. --_... ~ ...... -.------..... -...... -_ ..I 2. Land given to private persons for cultiva- I tion for payment in money, kind or I share I B. Household Industry Nature of Industry Number of months Household industry (not on - the scale in the year during of a registered factory) conducted by which conducted the Head of the household himself and / or mainly members of the house- I I hold at home or within the village in rural areas and only at home in , urban areas. (a) I (b) I C. Workers at Cultivation or Household Industry ----.~---- Members includlng Head of family Members of family working: working and hired workers, if any, kept Other Hired Workers Head Other' Total wholetime during current or last males females I working season. I 1. Household Cultivation only I ----- : 2. Household Industry only I 3. Both in Household Cultivation & household Industry I--

Dated Signature of Supervisor Dated Signature of Enumerator Note, Part II - Census Population Record overleaf should be filled up during the first round of enumeration (10 February to 28 February) from the enumeration slips relating to the hou,ehold and brought up-to-date with corrections, if any, after the second visit during check period 1 March to 3 March 1961. (Note, The size of the form was 8" x 61/2" )

61 PART II --CENSUS POPUIJA TION RECORD (To be compi!ed from Individual Census Slips)

Sex

Fe- Relationship to Marital Description of work : ~~~le male Head Age Status in the case of worker ; .M I! F .

-----;------,------T~- ______i______: ______

I I i J ______L_ _ __ I__ __ I

-~------.----,------_

------~~--- f ' I I _____1 _i ___ __:_ __

\ 1 __ 1__ - i ----1--'1------~ ------i _.---!.._ ____ .l _____ i ----II I ! I, ,j ---_ . -----'-----.---~--;------~ ---_.- ! : ! ! I ---r-----I I

I I ----- .------,--1---1 I :...' ___

Total Persons I ,

------Dated Signature of Supervisor Dated Signature of Enumerator

62 APPENDIX V Individual Slip -CONFIDENTIAL CENSUS 1961 Location Code - ______

) (a) Name ______------_

Relationship Age last (b) to Head-- _ .. ----2 birthday

Marital Birth­ 3 Status --______4 (It) place

4 (b) Born R/U Duration of 4 (c) residence if born elsewhere

5 (a) Nationality ___ .__ .____ .. ___ . ____ --- 5 (b) Religion

s. C.! Literacy & .5 (c) S. T. ______. ---- 6 Education ----

Mother Any other 7 (a) tongue------. ----- 7 (b) language(s) ______

Working as Working as -8 Cultivator-- ') Agricultural------­ labourer { (a) Nature of work ---- \ Working at I Nature of (c) If Employee 10 Household } Industry (b) Household ------Industry // "", 1I ----- (a) };aiUre of Work ------.------(c) Class of Worker Doing Nature of Industry, Profession, Trad..: ------______Of Sefvice 11 ~~:101 ~) Nature of , (0) Establishment - - -.------n Activity if Not Working /__

(Note. The size of the form \la, 41/2" x 61/2")

63 APPENDIX VI

Estimate of the Number of Census Schedules with the Basis of Calculation

REQUIREMENT OF CENSUS FORMS IN REGIONAL LAt':GUAGES

J. Enumeration slips 3. Houselist forms The accepted basls for calculation is to add 25 % to Houselist forms may be Malayalam alone. The­ the P01)uiation of 1951 to find the estimated population of requirement is estimated at 1 i 10 of the number of house­ 1961 and to add another 25 % to the 1961 estimated hold schedules. population con~isting of 15 % to cover wastage, 5 0:) dis­ trict reserve and 5 ~o state reserve. But an additional Total number of household schedules 4,281,000 ] 5 ?~ and 50 ~o were added in the case of Canarese and No. of houselist forms required 428,100 Tamil slips re~pectively by way of extra caution. In re'>­ pect of the taluks of Kasaragod, Devicolam, Peermade and Estimate in terms of Pads Udumbanchola an additional 15 % was added to the M:dayalam slips also for the same reason. Enumeration slips are in pads of l00-s and 25-8. Household schedules are in pads of 50-s and 25-5 (a) Canarese Il1S1 Canarese speaking population in Enumeration slips KDsaragod Taluk 114,129 The rough basis of calculation is to have pads of 2S ':r, of the above 2S~532 JOO for the estimated population and pads of 25 for I cscrves. LstiJl1illCd population of 1961 J42.66 1 40 ~o of the above 57;064 Canarese No. of enumeration slips in Canarese J99.725 or 199,800 Total No. of slips indented 199,800 (b) Tamil Pads of 100 - 1400 140,000 t 951 Tamil speaking population Pads of 25 - 2392 59,800 199,800 of Devicolam, Peertnade and Udumbanchola taluks 110,837 Tamil 25 % of the above 27,709 Total No. of slips indcnted 242,500 Estimated population of 1961 138,546 Pads of 100 1385 138,500 75 ~~ of the above 103,910 Pads of 25 - 4160 104,000 242,50() No. of enumeration slips in Tamil 242,456 or 242,500 Malayalam (c) Malayalam Total No. of slips indented 20,962,400 1951 population speaking Malayalam Pads of 100 - 167,334 16,733,400 in the taluks of Kasaragod, Devi- Pads of 25 169,160 4,229,000 20,962,400 colam, Peermade and Udumban­ chola 243,166 Household Schedules 25 % of the above 60,792 Estimated population of 1961 303,958 The basis of calculation is to have two pads of 50-,,­ 40 % of the above 121,583 for each enumerator and the rest in pads of 25. No. of forms required 425,541 or 425,600 1951 population of the remaining Canarese taluks of Kerala 13,143,516 25 % of the above 3,285,87<; Total Schedules 40,000 Estimated population of 1961 16,429,395 Pads of 50 400 20,000 25 % of the above 4,107,349 Pads of 25 - 800 20,000 40,000 No. of forms required 20,536,744 or 20,536,800 Total No. of Malayalam forms Tamil required 20,962,400 Total Schedules 48,500 Pads of 50 400 20,000 2. Household Schedules Pads of 25 1140 28,500 48,500 The requirement is estimated at 1/5 of the number of Malayalam .enumeration slips. 1. Canarese 39,960 or 40,000 Total Schedules 4,192,500 2. Tamil 48,500 or 48.500 Pads of 50 50,000 2,500,000 3. Mala)alam 4,192,480 or 4,192,500 Pads of 25 - 67,700 1,692.500 4, 192,50(~

64 - APPENDIX VII List of places recognized as towns for the Census of 1961

Name of Town Jurisdiction Name of Town Jurisdiction 2 2 CANNANORE DISTRICT , KOZIDKODE DISTRICT KASARAGOD TALUK BADAGARA TALUK i. Manjeshwar Bangramanjeshwara, Udayavar * 19. Badagara Badagara, Puthuppanam and and Hosabettu villages (Municipality) Nadakkuthazha villages 2. KumbJa Koipadi villag:: QULLANDY TALUK 'l' 3. Kasaragod Kasaragod, Talangare and Adka­ thbail villages >I< 20. Pantalayini Pantalayini village HOSDRUG TALUK * 4. Kanhangad Balla, Hosdrug and Kanhangad KOZHIKODE TALUK villages 21. Elathur Elathur desom in Elathur village 5. Nileshwar Nileshwar I and Nileshwar II 22. Edakkad Portion of Edakkad desom in villages Edakkad village which lies out­ side Calicut Municipal town TALIPARAMBA TALUK 6. Taliparamba T..lliparamba desom in Talipa­ 23. Puthiyangadi Portion of PlIthiyangadi desom ramba village in Edakkad village which lies olltside Calicut MuniCipal town 7. Trichambaram Trichambaram desom in Tali­ para mba \ illage * 24. Calicl1t Katcheri , Kalathinkunnu, Kas­ (MuniCipality) ba, Panniankara and Nagaram CANNANORE TALCK VIllages and portions ofEdakkad, 8. Pappinisseri Pappinissl!ri village Nedungottur, Chevayur and Naduvattom villages and Vala­ 9. Azhikode Azhikode "iHage yanad desom of Valayanad roo Baliapatam Baliapatam desom in Chirakkal village village 25. Parayancheri Parayancheri desom in Kottuli 11. Chirakkal Chirakkal desom in Chirakkal village village 26. Nellikode Nellikode village 12. Puzhathi (Chirak- Puzhathi desom in Chirakkal 27. Kommeri Kommeri desom in Valayanad kal) viilage village 13. Chalad Portion of Chalad desom in 28. Baypore Cheruvannllr and Baypore villa­ Puzhathi village which lies out­ ges and portion of Naauvattom side Cannanore Municipal town village which lies outside Calicut 14. Puzhathi Portion of Puzhathi desom in Municipal town Puzhathi village which lies out­ 29. Olavanna side Cannanore Municipal town Olavanna village * 15. Cannanore (Mu- Portion of Cannanore Karar TIRURTALUK nicipality) village, whole of _Kannothunchal desom and portIOns of Kana­ 30. Kadalundi Kadalundi village thur Chalad and Puzhathi * 31. Feroke Feroke village deso'ms of Puzhathi village and portion of Chovva desom in 32. Parappanangadi Parappanangadi village Elayavoor village . * 33. tanur I Rayirimangalam village 16. Cannanore Cantt. Military Establishment area comprising portions of Canna­ * 34. Trikkandiyur Trikkandiyur village nOle Karar village and Kanathur desom of Puzhathi village ERNAD TALUK 17. Chovva Portion of Chovva desom in * 35. Manjeri Manjeri village Elayavoor village which !i~s outside the Cannancre MUnICI­ PALGHAT DISTRICT pal town TELLICHERRY TALUK PONNANI TALUK * 18. Tellicherry Thirllvangad, Thalayi and Chalil * 36. Ponnani Ponnani Nagaram village (MuniCipality) desoms and portion of 181 Vaya­ lam desom of Thiruvangad OTTAPALAM TALUK village, whole of Tellicherry vil­ 37. Pattambi Netherimangalam village lage and portions of 170 Vaya­ 38. Shoranllr Mundamuka village lam and 171 Punnol desoms * of Kallayi village * 39. Ottapalam Ottapalam village

65 APl't;:'o,UlX 'VII--conta.

2 2

PALGHA T DISTRICT-contd_ TRICHUR DISTRICT-contd. PALGHAT TALUK MUKUNDAPURAM TALUK '* 40. Pal ghat (Munici­ Portions of Pirayiri, Kottekkad, * 48. Irinjalakuda Portions of Trinjalakuda, Mana­ pality) Puduppariyaram, Puthur, Yak­ (Municipality) valassery, Karalam and Pullur kara. KallepuJly Karinkara­ villages and a portion of Kat- pully, Kavalppad, Akathethara, tungalchira desom of Porathi­ Kunnanur and Koppam amsoms ssery village and portion of Vadakkanthara desom in Vadakkanthara village * 49. Chalakudy . Kizhakke Chalakudy village and and portion of Kannadi desom Padinjare Chalakudy muri of in Kannadi village Padinjare Chalakudy village CHITTUR TALUK ERNAKULAM DISTRICT PARUR TALUK '* 41. Chittur-Thatha­ Portiuns of Chittur and Thatha- . mangalam (Mu­ mangalam villages * 50. Parur (Municipa- Portions of Parur, Kottuvally nicipality) Jity) and Vadakkekara vjJJages '* 42. Nemmara Nemmara village ALWAYE TALUK TRICHUR DISTRICT ... 51. Alwaye (Munici­ Thottakkattukara and portions TALAPPILLY TALUK pality) of Veliyathunad and Alwayc karas of Alwaye village * 43. Pazhanhi Kattakampal and Pazhanhi villa- ges "* 44. Kunnamkulam Portions of Kunnamkulam vill­ KUNNATHUNAD TALUK (Municipality) age and portion of Kavanam Chi­ tturkara in Chowannur village, * 52. Perumbavoor Vallom, Kanjirakad, Perumba­ portions of Anaikad and Kani­ (Municipality) voor and Karattuppally karas payyoor karas of Kanipayyoor and part of Iringole kara of village and portion of Anjur Perumbavoor village village KANAYANNUR TALUK * 45. Wadakkancherry Wadakkancherry village exclud­ ing the reserve forest, Paruthi­ 53. Edappally Edappally North and Edappally para muri of Enkakad village South villages and Ottupara Angadi of Kuma­ * 54. Ernakulam (Mu- Ernakulam and Elamkulam viI- raneHur village nicipality) lages and Veduthala desom of TRICHUR TALUK Cheranalloor village '* 46. Trichur (Munici­ Angadi, Poothole, Kizhakkum­ * 55. Thrippunithura Poonithura kara of Poonithura pality) pattukara, Paramekkavu, Veliya­ village, Nadamel kara of Nada­ nnur, Chirakkal and Kottapu­ mel village and Kannankulan­ ram desoms and portions of gara kara of Thekkumbhagol11 Chembukavu and Poonkunnam village desoms in Trichur village; por­ tion of Peringavu desom in COCHJN TALUK Peringavu village; portions of Thrikkumarankudam and Kana­ * 56. Njarakkal Njarakkal village ttukara desoms in Ayyanthole village; portion of Kurkkan­ * 57. Fort-Cochin Portion of Fort-Cochin village cherry desom in Kurkkancherry (Municipality) village; portion of ~hellakottu­ * 58_ Mattancherry Portion of Mattailcherry village kara desom in Chiyyaram vil­ (Municipality) and portions of Moolamkuzhi lage; portions of Nellikunnu Muri kara and Palluruthy North and Paravattani desoms in Ollu­ Muri kara of Rameswaram viI. kkara village; portions of Ara­ lage nattukara and Poothole desoms in Aranattukara village; and por­ 59. Willingdon Island Portion of Mattancherry village tion of Nellikunnu desom in comprising Cochin Port and Naval Base and Vathuruthy Nadathara Village. kara of Rameswaram village_ CHOWGHAT TALUK 1267'33 acres of Mattancherrv village which come under thi~ 47. Chowghat Guruvayur and Manathala vil­ . island's jurisdictioR is covered lages by backwaters 66 APPENDIX VII-eentd.

2 2

ERNAKULAM DlSTRICT-contd. KOTTAYAM DlSTRICT-colltd. MUVATTUPUZHA TALUK KOTTAYAM TALUK-colltd. * 60. Muvattupnzha Portions of Randar and Muvat­ * 64. Ettumanur 2. Kizhakkumbhagom kara of (Municipality) tupuzha karas of Muvattupuzha -co!lld. Ettumanur village village. Velloorkkunnam, Vazha­ North: Thevalakkuzhi Vallikad. ppilly, Kavumkara and Peru. Road mattom karas and portions of East: Village road from Valli­ Mudavoor' and Kadathy karas of kat to Palai road and Velloorkkunnam village and por­ Madangara Thodu tions of Vadakkan Marady. Thekkan Marady and Rama­ South: Kureekompu Cheru- mangalam karas of Marady mandoor Padom village West: Athirampuzha village * 65. Kottayam {Muni­ Govindapuram, Chalyakunnu. * 61 Piravom Piravom kara of Piravom cipality) Kodimatha, Thirunakkara and village Kottayam karas of Kottayam village and Muttambalam kara KOTTAYAM DISTRICT of Vijayapuram village MEENACHIL TALUK CHANGANACHERRY TALUK * 62 Palai (Municipa­ LaIam, VeUappad and Kizh­ * 66. Changanacherry Paral and Vettithuruthu karas lity) thadiyoor karas of Lalam village (Municipality) of Vazhappally West village, and Palai kara of Meenachil Puzhavathu kara of Changana­ village cherry village and Vazhappally East kara of Vazhappally East VAIKOM TALUK village '* 63. Vaikom (Muni­ Padinjattumcheril thekkum muri KANJIRAPPALLY TALUK cipality) kara of Vaikom village, Padin­ jattumcheril Vadakkemuri and * 67 Kanjirappally Kanjirappally kara of Kanjirap­ portions of PadinjattumcheriJ pally village Padinjaremuri, K izhakkumcheri Vadakkemuri, Kizhakkumcheri * 68 Mundakkayam Portions of Mundakkayam kara NaduvilIa muri and Kizhakkum­ (271 acres) of Erumeli village cheri Padinjare kara muri of and Edakkunnam kara (1120 Naduvilla village und vortionsof acres) of Mundakkayam village. Vadakkemuri and Padinjare muri The boundaries of the town are karas of Vadakkemuri village as follows: KOTTAYAM TALUK North: 1. Nemmeni Estate (2) Koottickal kara * 64. EttU1l13nUr Portions of Kizhakkumbhagom kara of Ettu111anur village South: 1. Athampan thodu and Padinjattumbhagom kara of (2) Lane between Sy. N03. Athirampuzha village. The boun­ 385/141 and 142 daries of the urban portion of (3) do. between Sy. No:;. the two karas are as follows:- 385/125 and 126 1. Padinjattumbhagom of Athi­ (4) do. between Sy. Nos. rampuzha Yillage 385/127 and 128 East: (1) Manirnala river North: Kanakkari village of (2) Boundary between Meenachil taluk Sy. Nos. 385/127 and East: Ettumanur village 133 . (3) Varickayani road in South: \' illage road fro III Sy. No. 385/133 Athirampuzha Kadavu (4) Boundary between to Athirampuzha Hos­ Sy. Nos. 385/133 and pital and Paroli-Mut­ 134 tappalli Road (5) Thodu poramboke West: Paroli-M uttappa lly in Sy. Nos. 385/35 road (up to Kottamuri) (6) Micology road in Srikantamangalamkara Sy. Nos. 385/43 and Ettumanur Neen­ (7) Road poramboke in door Road Sy. No. 385/38

67 APPENDIX VII-con/d.

1 2 1 2

KOTTAYAM DISTRICT-contd. ALLEPPEY DISTRICT-contd KANJIRAPPALL Y T ALUK-contd. KARTHIGAPALLY TALUK-conld. * 68. Mundakkayam (8) Boundary between * Haripad-contd. 4. Portion of PiJapuzha kara --coma. Sy. Nos. 385/41 and 43 (791 acres) except the extensive' (9) Boundary between Punja lands and bits of garden Sy. Nos. 385/44 and 47 lands lying on the north and (10) Forest boundary east of the following boun~' adjacent to Sy. No. daries :- 385J47 West: (I) Velichiyani road (2) Karadampalli thodu. Chen­ Palingana Thodu (3) garappally thodu leading frour Manimaia river the Karadampally thodu, Nel­ pura thodu leading from Chen­ garappaUy thodu, the foot­ ALLEPPEY DISTRICT path leading to ,the Nedum­ thara thodu in the east from SHERTALAI TALUK Chevedipally (the place where the thodu on the south of ". 69. Shertalai (Muni­ Portions of Shertalai North, Sankethathum padavu joins cipality) Shertalai South, Kokkothaman­ the NeJpura thodu) and Ne­ gaJam and VayaJ"J' J,;izhakku dumthara thodu up to Ne­ villages dumthara bridge. AMBALAPUZHA TALUK Kumarapuram village:- * 70. Al1eppey (Munici­ Kanhiramchira kara of Aryad 1. Portion of Erikavu bra pality) South and Alleppey, Vadakkal, (43 acres). Boundaries:- Thiruvambadi, Kaithavana and Kalarkode karas of Alleppey Sout,h: Village boundary village West: The Panchayat road lea­ THIRUVALLA TALUK ding from the Naraka-· thara junction to the * 71. Thiruvalla (Mu­ Nagasse~i, Thiruvambadi, Ka· south near the Valia­ nicipality) vumbhagom, Mannarukarachira kuJangara temple and Peringala karas and portions of Naduvilachira and Azhiyada­ East: Danapady thodu thuchira karas of Kavumbhagom village, PaJiakara, Tukalasseri North: Pothappally Thekku and Matbilbhagom karas and kara portions of Mutboor, Kattoo­ 2. P()rtion of PotiJappally Thek­ kara and lruvallipra of Thiru­ ku kara (46 acres). Bound­ valla village aries:- South: Erikavu kara CHE~GANNUR TALUK North: Pothappally Vadakku * 72. Chengannur Vazhamangalam, Mundankavu, kara Lakasseri, Thittamel, Keezha­ East: Danapady thodu chcrimel. Mangalam, Edanadu, West: Panchayat road leading Puthenkavu and Angadickal from the Narakathara kara~ of Vadakkekara village junction to the south near the Valiaku!angara KARTHIGAPALLl TALUK temple 3. Portion of Pothappally Vada-· '" 73. Haripad Portions of Haripad, Kumara­ pural11, Chingoli, Pallipad and kku kara (39 acres) KarthigapaJly villages East: Danapady thodu South: Pothappally Thekku. Haripad village: kara 1. pothappally vadakku kara West: Quilon-Alleppey road (35 acres) (Old road) 2. Thulamparambu Neduvath North: Panchayat road lead­ kara (336 acres) ing from Aiyachu-· 3. Thulamparambu Thekku kara kattu mukku to Man­ (97 acres) narasala

68 APPENDIX VII--contd.

2 2

ALLEPPEY DISTRICT-contd. QUILON DISTRICT-contd.

KARTHIGAPALLY TALUK-conrd. QUILON TALUK-comd.

* 73. Haripad-contd. Chingoli village:­ 78. ~ilikollur Kilikollur village

Portion of ChiO{~oli kara (25 acres). Boundaries: * 79. Quilon (Munici­ Manayilkulangara, Punnathala pality) Kottakkagom, Thevalli, Ola)'il, East: Nangiarkulangara kara Tangasseri, Kaikulangara, Va­ li}akada, Pallithottam, Anda­ South: The foot-path leading mukkom and portions of Asra­ to east and west on the mam, Uliakovil and Thirumulla­ south of Kavilpadickal varam karas of Quilon village temple and Udayamarthandapuram, Amrudukulangara karas of Era­ West: KarthigapaUy village vipuram village and portion of boundary Pattathanam kara of Vadakke­ North: Mavelikkara-Thrikun- vila village napuzha road Pal!ipad village:- TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT 1. Vettuveni kara (179 aCles) and CHIRAYINKIL TALUK 2. Akankudi kara (223 acres) * 80. Varkala Varkala conservancy town kara Karthigapally village:- of Varkala village 1. Vettuveni kara (539 acres) and * 81. Attingal (Munici­ Portions of Attingal, Avanavan­ pality) chery, Keezhattingal, Alamcode. 2. Puthukondom kara (355 acre~) Edacode, Manamboor and Kizhuvilam-Koonthallur vil- '" 74. Kayamkulam Portions of Kayamkulam, Pu­ (Municipality) thuppally, Keerikad and Pathi­ lages yoor villages TRIVANDRUM TAL(]K MAVELIKKARA TALUK 82. Kadinamkulam Kadinamkulam village * 75. Mavelikkara Portion of Mavelikkara village, (Municipality) portions of Mattom South and Mattom North karas of Kanna­ 83. Menamkulam Kamukara and Menamkulam mangalam village and portion') karas of Kazhakoottom-Me­ of Ponakam and Umberkadu ka­ namkulam village ras of Thekkekara village and portions of Vazhuvady, Thazha­ 84. Attipra Attipra village kara and Akkanattukara karas of Thazhakara village and ponion of Cherucole kara of Chennith:lb 85. Katakampally Katakampally village and por­ village tion of Vanchiyoor village which lies outside the Corporation * 76. Panda lam Mangaram, Thonnallur and Ka­ dakkad karas of Thonnallur village * 86. Trivandrum Palkulangara and Chengazhas­ (Corporation) sery villages and portions of Iranimuttam, Muttathurai, Kata­ QUILON DISTRICT kampal1y, Vanchiyoor. Cheru­ vakkal, Madatbuvi:a,.olD. Anchr.­ QUILON TALUK mada, Aramada. Randamad'l, UHur and Chettivilakom villages 77. Kundara Kanjiracode kara of MuJavana village and Kundara kara and portions north of Keralapura­ Portion of Muttathura village Pooyappally road in the Punuku­ 87. Muttathura nnur and Perumpuzha karas of which lies outs~de the Corpora­ Kottankara vilhge tion 69 APPENDIX VII--concld.

2 2

TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT-conld. TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT-contd. TRIVANDRUM T ALUK-contd. NEYYATTINKARA TALUK-contd•

... 88. Nemom Pappanamcode, Edavilakom, Po­ '" 91. Poovar Manapazhanjikara in Thirupu­ nnumangalam, Nemom and Vel­ ram village la) ani karas of Nemom village of Trivandrum taluk and ldacode '* 92. Ne),yattinkara Portions of villages of Athiyan- kara of Pallichal 'village of (Municipality) noor, Neyyattinkara, KolJayi!, Neyyattinkara taluk Chenkal and Kottuka! villages

NEYYATTINKARA TALUK ... 89. Vizhinjam Vizhinjam kara in Kottukal village ... 90. Balaramapuram AmballurVilakom kara in Athi­ :vannooT village and Athiyur kara in Kottukal \illage of Ncy:vat­ tinkara taiuk and Venganur hara in Thiruvallam village of NOTE:-Piaces which were towns in 1951 Census and Trivandrum ta!uk continue to be towns in 1961 Census have been asterisk marked.

APPENDIX VIII List of places whioh were towns in 1951 Census but have not been recognized as towns in 1961 Census

PALGHAT DISTRICT ALLEPPEY DISTRICT 1. NalJepilli 19. AmJ:.aJapuzha 2. Ayloor 3. Kozhinjampara QUILON DISTRICT 4' ETuthempathy 20. Kotta rakara TRICHUR DISTRICT 21. Karunagapally 22. Adoor 5. Eriyad 23. Pathanamthitta 6. Azhicode 24. Punalur 7. Ollur 25. Pathanapuram 8. Cranganore 26. Kozhencheri 27. Oachira

ERNAKULAM DISTRICT TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT 9. Kalady 28. Parassala 10. Thodupuzha :9. Ooruttambalam ] 1. Koothattukulam 30. Thirumala 12. Kotbamangaiam 31. Kattakkada 32. Nedumangad KOTTAYAM DISTRICT :3. Vamanapuram 34. ChirayinkiJ ] 3. Ponkunnam 35. Kilimanoor 14. Thalayolaparambu * 36. Poonthura ]5. Munnar 37. Kadakkavoor 16. Azhutha 17. Vandiperiyar 18. Erattupetta * Included in Muttathura town of 1961 along with some additional areas. 70 APPENDIX IX

NOTIFICATIONS ISSUED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF KERALA UNDER THE CENSUS ACT (Central Act XXXVII of 1948)

I declare that a census of the population of India shlll be taken during the year 1961. The reference date for the -G. O. Rt. 829 Public (Special) Department census will be sunrise on the 1st March 1961. Dated, Trivandrum, 17-4-1959 Sd/- Fateh Singh, .READ From the Government of India, Ministry of Home Joint Secretary to the Governm~nt Affairs Notification F. No. 2/45/58-Pub. I (11) of India dated lIth April, 1959. III ORDER No. 8872/C. 1. /60-1. Planning and Development (C) The following notification will be published in the Department Dated, Trivandmm, mext issue of the Kerala Gazette :- 20th February 1960 NOTIFICATION In exercise of the powers conferred by Sub-Section (2) of Section 4 of the Census Act, 1948 (Central Act The Notification F. No. 2/45/58- Pub. I (II) dated XXXVII of 1948) the Government of Kerala hereby ap­ 4th April, 1959 issued by the Government of India in the point the following persons as Census Officers to aid in Ministry of Home Affairs is republished in the Kerala and supervise the taking of th;: census in the Districts -Gazette:- noted against them. F. No. 2/45/58-Pub. I (II) Government of India Officers District Ministry of Home Affairs Personal Assistant (Additional New Delhi- 11, the 4th 'April, 1959 District Magistrate) to the district 14 Chaitra, 1881 Collector, Cannanore Cannanore do. Kozhikode KOzhikode NOTIFICATION do. Palghat Palghat do. Ernakulam Ernakulam The President is pleased to appoint Shri. M. K. do. Kottayam Kottayam TIevassy, 1. A. S., as Superintendent of Census Opera­ do. Alleppey AUeppey tions, Kerala with effect from the forenoon of the 5th do. Quilon Quilon March, 1959, until further orders. Revenue Divisional Officer, Trivandrum Trivandrum S. Srinivasan, do. Trichur Trichur Under Secretary to the Government of India (By Order of the Governor) IV (Sd) N. E. S. Raghavachari, Chief Secretary No. 8872:C. 1./60-2. Planning and Development (C) Department Il Dated, Trivandrum, 20th Febru­ ary 1960 No. 64199·C.l/59-1 Planning & Development Depart- ment dated, Trivandrum 22--):-1959 Tn exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (4) of S;:ction 4 of the Census Act, 1948 (Central Act XXXVII of 1948) the Government of Kerala hereby dele­ NOTIFICATION gate the power of appointing Census Officers to take or aid in or supervise Ith:: taking of the Census conferred The following NOTification No. 2/1 IS/59-Pub. j upon them by Sub-section (2) of Section 4 of the said Act ilated 5th December 1959 issued by the Ministry of Home to the officers mentioned h~reunder within the areas given Affairs, Government of India is republished for general against them. ';nformatiqn. (By order of the Governor) Officers Areas Sd/-K. S. Menon, Pers()nal A<;sistant (Additional Additional Development Commis­ sioner and Secretary District Magistrate) to the Di5- trict Collector, Cannanore Cannanore District do. Kozhikode No. 2/115/59-Pub. I. Government of India, Kozhikode do. Ministry of Home Affairs do. Palghat Palghat 40. do. Ernakulam Ernakulam do. New Delhi-ll, the 5th Decem­ do. Kottayam Kottayam do. ber 1959/19th Agrahayana, 81 do. Alleppey Alleppey do. do. Quilon Quilon d.:>. NOTIFICA nON Revenue Divisional officer, In pursuance of Section 3 of the C.ensus Act, 1948, Trivandrum Trivandrum do' {XXXvn of 1948) the Central Government is pleased to do. Trichur Trichur do.

71 APPENDIX IX-conI d.

Officers Areas Officers Are.. s Commissioner, Trivandrum City excluding such areas as Tahsildars Their r:sj)cctive taluks ex: cpt Trivandrum may be constituted special areas by the reserve forests under the conti of Corporation Superintendent of Census Operations, of the Forest Department, Cor-· Rerala poration and Municipal arcas Commissioners Their respective Municipal towns exclud­ and such areas as may be cons­ of Municipali­ ing such areas as may be constituted tituted special areas by the Super­ ties. special areas by the SUperintendent of intendent of Census Operations,. Census Operations, Kerala Kerala Tahsildars Their respective taluks excluding reserve Divisional Forest Offi­ Reserve forests under the control forests under the control of the Forest cers, except of Kotta­ of the Forest Department, in Department, CorpOlation and Municipal yam Division. their respective Forest Division&. areas and such areas as may be constitu­ ted special areas by ·the Superintendent Divisional Forest Offi­ Reserve forests under the control of Census Operations, Kerala cer, Kottayam. of the Forest Department, in Divisional Fo­ Reserve forests under the control of the the Kottayam Forest Division rest Officers, Forest Department in their respective ar.d the Game Sanctuary except Divisio­ Forest Divisions nal Forest Offi­ VI cer, Kotiayam. Divisional Fo­ Reserve forests under the control of the No. 8872/C. I} 60-4. Planning and Development (C), 'cst Officer, Ko­ Forest Department in the Kottayam Department tta~ am. Forest Division and the Game San­ Dated, Trivandrum, 20th Febru­ ctuary ary 1960 Under Section 12 of the Census Act 1948 (Central Act V XXXVII of 1948) the Government of, Kerala hereby autho­ rise the District Collectors to sanction prosecutions under the said Act within their respective districts. No. 81!172;C. 1/60-3 Planning and Development (C) By Order of the Governor Department Dated, Trivandrum, K. S. MENON 20th February 1960 Additional Development Commissioner Under Section 7 of the CensuS Act, 1948 (Central Act and Secretary. XXXVlI of 1948) the Government of Kerala hereby appo­ int the officers mentioned hereunder as the authority for the areas noted against them who may, by written orders VII which shall have effect throughout the extent of the said areas, call upon:- No. 82263/60-2/P. & M. (B) Political and Military (B) (a) all owner~ and occupiers of land, tenure-ho­ Department, lders and farmers and assignees of land Dated, Trivandrum, 22-11-1960 revenue, or their agents, - (b) all members of the district, municipal, pan­ NOTIFICAnON chayat and other local authorities. and offi­ cers and servants of such authorities, and Under Sub Section (1) of Section 8 of the Census Act (c) all officers and members of staff of any fac- 1948 (Central Act XXXVII of 1948), the Government of tory, firm or establishment, Kerala hereby direct that a Census Officer may ask of all persons within the limits of the respective local area to give such assistance as shall be specified in the order for which he is appointed the questions given in the to\\ards the taking of a census of the persons who are, at Annexure. the time of the taking of the census, on the lands of such owners, occupiers, tenure-holders, farmers and assignees or in the premises of factories, firms and other establish­ ANNEXURE ments. or within tte areas for which such IOC'a1 autho­ rities are established as the case may be. General Officers Areas 1. Who is the head of the household, i. e., the perSOIl Commissioner. Trivan­ Trivandrum City excluding such chiefly responsible for the maintenance of the household? drum Corporation. areas as may be constituted If he/she has left the household before 10th February 1961 special areas by the Superin­ with no likelihood of returning before the sunrise of 1st tendent of Census Operations. March, 1961, who is the temporary head of the household Kerala in his/her absence? Commissioners of Mu­ Their respective Municipal towns 2. How many normal residents are there in the house­ nicipalities. excluding such areas as may hold? How many of them, if any, have left the household be constituted special areas by before 10th February 1961 with no likelihood of returnino the Superintendent of Cen~us before the sunrise of 1st March 1961? Who are th~ Operations, Kerala rest?

72 APPENDIX IX-contd.

3. Is there any visitor, boarder or guest in the house­ (b) Does he/she know any language or langu­ hold who has left his/her household before the 10th Febru­ ages other than the mother tongue which ary 1961, and is not likely to return to his/her household he:she cancommunicat<: WIth feliCIty? What before the sunrise of 1st March 1961? If so, llas he/she are those languages if only two'? If more been enumerated before? than two, what are the two langua;'!es which he:she knows more than the rest ': Questions under Individual Slip ll. Js he/sh:: engaged in cultivation, or tli:'cction or 1. (a) What are the initials and name of the person supervision of cultivation, of any land olVn!d enumerated? - or held by his/her household from Govern­ ment, or held from privaie persons or institu­ ~b) What is his/her relationship, if any, to the tiom for payment in money, kind or share or head of the household? or, Is he she unrelated partly in on~ and partly in another, or free of to the head of the household? consideration? If so, does that cui tivation involve ploughing, sowing and harvesting and 2. What is his/her age in completed years a~ on the production of any of the follov,mg Items? his/her last birthday? (i) Cereal crops (including Bengal gram) such as 3. Is he/she never-married/married/\\ ;jo\\ed ,'sepa­ rice. wheat, jowar, bajra, maJze. roots anLL rated or divorced? tubers like potato, yam, beet etc., sugar­ A. {a} Was he/she born:- cane etc. (i) in the village or town of hb} her enumera­ (ii) Pulses such as arhar, moong. masur, urd, tion'l or khe,::tri, other gram (ii) in any District of his/her enumelation '? (iii) Raw jute and kindred fibre crop., (j,) Raw cotton and kindred fibr.! crops or (See also questions :3 (a) to ld) under Part 1. Household Schedule; (iii) in any other District in Kcral

73 APPENDIX IX-contd.

employed by an}'one else and who in his (i) Cereal crops (including Bengal gram) suc~ tum doe~ not employ anybody else, not as rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, maize, roots even the rr:embers of the household, except and tubers, like potato, yam, beet etc., casually? or sugarcane etc. (d) a familv worker, i. e., either a member of (ii) Pulses such as arhar, moong, masur, urd, the family or one connected with the khesari, other gram family by blood or marriage who works without receiving wages in cash or kind (iii) Raw jute and kindred fibre crops and ordinarily does at least one hour of work every day in an industr) of a scale (iv) Raw cotton and kindred fibre crops larger than the household industry or a business or trade, conducted mainly by (b) Is the whole or any portion of the land cO\en:d the members of the family? by question 3 (a) owned by the household or held by the household from Government? 12. If he/she is not working or effectively supervising What are the local names of the right of the or directing any work, is he/f>he household on such land and what is -the extem in acres and cents of such land falling under (a) a full time student or child attending school each such local name? who does no other work? (c) Is the whole or any portion of the land co\ered (b) engaged in unpaid home duties (like housewife by question 3 (a) held by the household frolfl or other adult female) who does no other work private persons or institutions for payment in such as make articles at home for sale or wages, money, kind or share or partly in one and nor help regularly even part-time, in family partly in another, or free of consideration? If cultivation, industry, trade or business? or so, what are the local names of the right of the household on such land and what is the extent (c) any dependent, including an infant or child in acres and cents of such land falling under not attending school, a person permanently each such local name? disabled from work because of illness or old age? or (d) Is the land covered by question 3 (b) and 3 Ic) situated within the village in which the ,( d) a retired person who is not employed again, household is located or in the adjacent village '! rentier, person living on agricultural or non­ If not, does not the distance operate as a bar agricultural royalty, rent or divident or any to the active cultivation or effective supervision other person of independent means for securing or direction of cultivation on such land by the which he does not have to work and who does household? no other work? or 4. Has the household given any land to prhate (e) a beggar, vagrant, independent woman without persons for cultivation for payment in money, indication of source of income or of unspecified kind or share or partly in one and partly in source of existence? or another or free of consideration? If so, what (f) a convict in jail, or an inmate of a penal, is the extent of such land in acres and cents? mental or charitable institution? or 5. (a) Is the hou~hold running any industry or indus­ (g) a person who has not been employed before but tries involving any production, proce~sing, is seeking employment for the first time? or repairing or servicing, which is conducted by the head of the household himself and lor mainlv (h) a person employed before but now out of em­ by the members of the household? ]f so, ' ployment and seeking employment? (b) Does the head of the household himself and! or Questions under Part J, Household Schedule the members of the household participate in the working of such industry or each of the 1. Is the household a family or an institution where industries by actual work or effective supervi­ unrelated persons are residing together? sion and direction of work? 2. (a) What is the full name of the head of the house­ (c) Does the industry or each of the industries hold? employ less than 10 workers if it is run with (b) Does the head of the household belong to power, or less than 20 workers if it is run a scheduled caste/scheduled tribe? If so, without power? Has such industry or each of what is the scheduled caste or scheduled tribe the industries been registered as a factory to which he/she belongs? If his/her caste or under the Factories Act? tribe is known by a synonym or generic name of a scheduled caste or scheduled tribe what is (d) If the household is located in a rural area is that 'synonvm or generic name and what is the the industry or each of the industries located scheduled caste or scheduled tribe it represents? within the same village? (e) If the household is located in an urban area is 3. (a) Does the household cultivate, or direct or the whole or the main operation of the indus­ supervise the cultivation of, any land? If so. try or each of the industries conducted at home? does the cultivation involve ploughing, sowing, harvesting and the production of any of the (f) What is'the nature of such industry or each of following items? the industries? 74 APPENDIX IX--concld.

(g) For how many months in the year does the family working, how many are males and how industry or each of the industries work? many are females under each of the above items mentioned as (i) to (iii) above? 06. (a) How many members of the family including (b) How many hired workers are kept whole time the head of the family are working in during the current or last working season in (i) household cultivation only? (i) household cultivation only? ,ii) h0usehold industry only? (ii) household industry only? (iii) both in household cultivation and house­ (iii) both household cultivation and household hold industry? industry? (By order of the Governor) Is the head of the family working in any of the Items mentioned as (i) to (iii) above, and if so, Sd. T. Krishnan Nair in which item? Of the other members of the Additional Secretary to Government.

APPENDIX X CENSUS OF INDIA, 1961 Letter of appointment of EnlHDerators The Census Act (Central Act XXXVII of 1948), Section 4(3)

To your superiors, in connection with Census Operations. Throughout the period of your training and enumeration. you ~hould carry out the instructions of your Supervisor and higher census authorities. The success of the census depends upon the qualitv "Sir. of your work, vigilance, enthusiasm and impartialit:/. In exercise of the powers delegated to me under sub· Your attention is invited to the provisions of the Census section (4) of Section 4 of the Census Act (Central Act Act (Central Act XXXVII of 1948) and in particular to XXXVII of 1948), I hereby appoint you as census officer Section I J thereof given along with this. to take the census in the area noted below which will hereafter be known as your block(s). You are designated AREA " Enumerator" of the said block(s). Your function will be to visit every household, between the 10th and 28th B100k No(s) .•...••• in CIrcle No .•.••••• in Charge No ••••••••vic. February 1961, and places where houseless persons are Ward/Karal usually found on 28th February 1961, and fill up the Area ' Muri IDesoml Individual Slips in respect of every member of the house­ covered by Forest Rangel Town/VjlJage/ hold and every houseless person, and Household Schedule Buildings Special area Forest Division ·with the Census Population Record on the reverse of it, Nos ...... , to ...... in ...... , ... in ...... in respect 9f every household in the block(s) al10tted to you. From 2nd to 5th March 1961, you should repeat Do ...... to ••...... in ...... , ... in ...... • your visit to every household and place of houseless Do ...... , to ...... in ...... , ... in ...... persons and record births and deaths that took place between the enumeration date and the reference date and Do .•... '" ..... , to '" ....••... in ...... , ... in ... '" ...... also enumerate casual visitors, who have not been Do ...... to ...... ••.•.. in ...... , ... in ...... • enumerated. You will have also to fill up the Enumer· ator's Abstract on the pads and submit an abstract for Do ••...... , to •...... in ....•...... in ...... • each block under you to the Circle Supervisor. You Do ...... , to ...... in ., ...... , ... ill ...... _ have to be thorough with the instructions and rules of enumeration, attend all training classes and check· up classes which you will be called upon to attend and Y ours faithfull~ participate in the Training Sample Census. You have Signature further to attend to the post-enumeration check, if called upon to do so, and also discharge such other functions, Place: Name as will be assigned to you, from time to time, by Date: Designation 75 APPENDIX X -collld.

CE~SllS Of INDIA. 1961 Letter of appointment of Circle Supervisors

Th-: Ccn~l:' Act (Central Act XX.'':VIl of 1948). Sect jon 4(3)

(hal ge Officer and other wperLor,. in additIon tu (1;_ ,.CO\;;:. you \Ylll l1a\e to re110\111 ~LI~h o:h~I' dLltk, a, might be required of yOU. frcP1 time to lin~('. 1;1 ~l)nnection with Census Operations.

By your appointment as SupervI,ol, )Oll ule d"em"d Tn exercise of the rC\\cr, dcleg ..lIed tt) n~t: under a 'Public Servant' ..... ithin the meanIng of the Indian o.lJb·section (4) of Section 4 of the Censu, Act (C.;ntral Penal Code. The succe% of the census depends to a Act XXXVII of 1948), I I;CICby apPoll1t jeu as census large extent tlpon your effective supervision. YOUI Lincer, to take, a iel in and ,>upel VIse the taking of the attention is invited to the Census Act (Central Act ..:en5US in the area noted telo", \\)llch \\,;ll helcafter be XXXVII of 1948) and in particular to Section 11 then:cl! ~'nown as your circle. You are designated •. Circle Super­ gi\ en along \\ ith this. ',isor" of the said circle. Your main function is to equip t,le Enumerators in your circle to do their work properly, AREA l1ake sure that they are thorough "ith the instnlctions "nd rules and that they follow them strictly, and Block "No(s)...... 111 Clfck No ...... In Ch.lrg~ No ...... viz effectively supervise their \\ork. You have to see that WardlKaraf / dl the Household Schedules, Individual Slips. etc. and Ared I\luri De"on J covt.'n:d bv \'lil:-l.u:e I' 1 rlstructions are di~!ributed to the Enumerators in your Forl;!~t Range ,: 10\\ n) BUlldlng~ Specl..ll are.\. Fot e",t Un tSlOt"l circle. S,nce )OU will ha\c only a few enlJmerator~ under 'QU, it shoJld be possible for )OU to estctblish intimate Nos ...... , '" to ...... in ...... 111 ...... ~ontact with ,hem and cheek thoroughly their b!owledge Do ...... to ...... in ...... in ...... , '" 01 instructions and rules and how they act in the Training Do ..... '" .. , ... to ...... III ...... in ...... , ... ;':odmple Census. The training imparted by the Charge Officer will have to be followed up by you. In actual Do..... '" ..... , to ...... in . 111 ...... ,·numeration. )ou are expected to inspect at least 15 per Do...... to ...... , .. in ... in ...... , .. . c~nt of the households at the time of enumeration and Do ...... ' ... to ...... , ... in .. in ...... " '" iii different places, and exercise cheek over 15 per cent Do ..... '" ...... to ...... in .. in '" ..... , ... Ot the Household Schedules and c('nt per cent check over tlle Individual Slips and Abstracts. You should see Do ...... " ... to ...... in .. in ...... t;,at the enumeration in your jurisdiction is properly Do ...... to ...... , ... in .. in '" ...... conducted. You have to sign a11 the Censlis Population Do...... to ..... , ... .. in ...... in '" ... R('cords uad Household Schedules and submit "our own ::bstract 1:0 the Charge Officer. along with the other Yours faithfully, records, in time. Pnor to enumeration, you have to prepare Q Hausehst Extrnct from the HOllselists for the Signature guidance of ~our enumerators. You will have special Place: functions h) perform d'.lring the census period. You will Nam~ be guideJ by the official instructions received from the Date: De,>i;nation

76 APPEl'iDIX X--collcl:t. CENSUS OF INDIA, 1961 Letter of appointment of Charge Officers The Census Act, 1948 (Central Act XXXVII of 1948) Section 4 (3)

Tu ) QUi dih';cn~~ ::lull pLlnciu.. l,ilt). an ..l r "':-Jllftd':Ju:) J ..::1:. ~pUl' your co-operation and public spirit. By your appoint­ ment as Charge Officer you ,hall be deemed a • public servant' within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code. Sir, Your attention is drawn to the provisions of the Censm Act, 1948 (Centrai Act XXXVII of 1948), a copy of which In exercise of the powers delegated to me under Sec­ has been given to ) ou along with Circular Letter No. I tion 4 (4) of the Census Act, 1948 (Central Act XXXVII da~d 4-12-1959 issued by the Superintendent of Census of 1948), I hereby appoint you as Census Officer to aid in Operations, Kerala, ai1d in particular to Section 11 tbereof. and supervise the taking of the census in the area noted below, which will hereafter be known as your charge. You are designated "Charge Officer" of the said charge. AREA: Your functions will include assisting the District Census Officer and the Superintendent of Census Operations, ...... City (Municipal Town exclurling such Keraia in the formation of circles and blocks and in the areas as may be constituted special selection of supervisors and enumerators. You will be the areas by the Superintendent of C.:nsus principal channel of communication between the District Operations, Kerala. Census Officer and the Supervisors and Enumerators. You will have to make arrangements for the successful conduct , of the census in your charge and in particular impart pro­ ...... Taluk excluding reserve forests under per training to the Supervisors and Enumerators in your the control of the Forest Department, charge, conduct the Training Sample Census, report the Corporation and Municipal areas and shortcomings observed and instruct the Supervisors and such areas as may be constituted speci­ Enumerators to rectify the defects observed in the Train­ al areas by the Superintendent of Cen­ ing Sample Census, see to the timely and proper distribu­ sus Operations, Kerala. tion of census forms like Houselists, Household Schedules, Individual Slips, Abstracts, etc., and Instructions to the Supervisors and Enumerators in your charge, get the Reserve forests under the control of the Forest Depart- house numbering properly and exhaustively done, super­ ment in ...... Forest Division and Game vise the final enumeration and check round, secure the Sanctuary. provisional population figures for your charge and com­ municate the 1i.ame to the Distrkt Census Officer in time, conduct the post-enumeration check through your Circle Special Area ...... •.•.....•...... Supervisors and Enumerators, maintain necessary regis­ ters and perform such other functions as will be assigned to you by the District Census Officer and the Superintend­ ent of Census Operations, Kerala for the proper conduct Yours faithfully, of the census in your charge. In the discharge of your duties you will be guided by the instructions issued to you Signature ...•...••••••••••••• from time to time. Place ...... Name ..... l ••••••••••••••••• The success of the Census, the second of its kind in the Republican India will, to a large extent, depend upon Date. '" .••••••..•••• Designation ..... , •••••.••...

Order of Appointment of District Census Officers

(Please see item III of Appendix IX)

77 APPENDIX XI Office of the Superintendent of Census Operations, Kerala CIRCULAR LETTER No. I Trivandrum, dated 4th December 1959 My dear ......

GE1'FRAL FEATURES OF 1961 CENSUS AND OUTLINES OF THE PLAN OF OPERATIONS As you are aware, some preliminary work in connec­ the world and the various countries promotes the study of tion with the forthcoming census of 1961 has been done international problems such as production and distribu­ in this State. In the conferences held in last April-June tion of food supplies, conservation of resources, formula· with the District Collectors, Revenue Divisional Officers tion of social policies and raising the standards of living District Educational Officers, Commissioners of Trivan· in the world"s problem areas. From the national point of drum Corporation and Municipalities and Tahsildars view population census is a statistical operation of great the question of preparing a preliminary delimitation value. 'It is the primary source of basic national popu­ schedule and list of enumerators for the 1961 census was lation data for administration and for many aspects of discussed. Similar discussions were also held with some of economic and social planning. The census provides a the Heads of Departments on subjects pertaining to them. base or reference point for current statistics and a stati­ The preliminary schedules promised in these conferences stical frame for sampling surveys and studies.' The have been received in almost all cases. These discussions 1961 census synchronises with an important phase in were followed by the pre-testing operations of the second India's national planning. In the context of the Five Year draft of the houselist, household schedule and individual Plans already executed and pending execution and pre­ ~lip in 18 centres distributed throughout the State. In paration, the basic data provided by the census on the light of the experience gained in the pre· testing opera· various matters is bound to be of vital importance. tions in this State.as well as other States, the drafts were finalised with suitable modifications in the Conference of Special Features of the 1961 Census the Superintendents of Census Operations held in New 5. The 1961 Census being the 1st census after the Delhi on 24th September 1959. The conference dealt latest reorganisation of States, a few fresh problems have with seyeral important aspects 'relating to the census to be tackled for the organisation of census operations. operations of 1961 and took necessary decisions. It is, The territorial jurisdiction of the State has undergone therefore, now possible to -give in greater detail the changes from what it was in 1951. New districts, taluks outlines of the 1961 census operations which, it is hoped, and villages have also come into existence. These factors will provide a suitable background for an appreciation have made it necessary to plan out the delimitation of of the work involved and a basis for future operations. areas for the conduct of the census on an original basis. The outlines indicated in this letter will be supplemented The data collected in the previous census cannot as such by detailed communications as and when occasion arises. be utilised for purposes of comparability in the light of As far as possible the circular letters which will be issued the reorganisation of States and require re-tabulation at in future will refer to the relevant paragraphs of this every stage. basic letter. 6. The proposals evolved for the 1961 Census have The Census Act some new features compared to the previous cen­ 2. The statute under which census operations are suses. ~hough the hous.es a_re numbered and a list pre· conducted in India is the Census Act No. XXXVII of pared pnor to enumeratIOn III every census, the houselist 1948 as amended by Act XL of 1949, Act LI of 1950, the f?rm for.1961 ce?-sus is desigl}ed on a more comprehen­ Adaptation of Laws Order, 1950 and Act XXII of 1959. SIve baSIS than III the prevlOUS censuses. Besides the A copy of this Act as amended is enclosed herewith for I number of buildings, census houses and households mformation. The notification contemplated by Section 3 detailed information about factories, workshops and cf the Act will be issued in due course. From 1951, the other establishments, number of rooms of every census Census Department has been functioning under the Mini- household, material of walls and roofs and the number 5try ot Home Affairs, Government of India. of males and females in a census household are pro­ posed to be recorded in the list. A new schedule called 3. Under Section 4 (I) of the Act the Central Go­ the' household schedule,' in which particulars of house­ vernment may appoint a Census Commissioner to super· hold cultivation and household industry of every house­ vise the taking of the census throughout the area in which hold will be entered is proposed in addition to enumera­ the census is intended to be taken, and Superintendents of tion slips pertaining to individual members of the house­ Census Operat;ons to supervise the taking of the census hold. On the reverse of the household schedule the WIthin the several States. The Registrar General of India names and minimum particulars about the members of is the Ex-Officio Census Commissioner of India. The the household will be entered which would form the Superintendents of Census Operations have also been Population Record. The enumeration schedule relating appointed for the States. The formal appointment of to each individual contains some new columns for the collection of detailed occupational data of the person Census Officers will be notified later. enumerated. Importance of Census 7. A socio-economic survey of a minimum of 35 4. The forthcoming census of 1961 will be the 10th villages or suitable parts of villages is also proposed to decennial census of India and the 2nd one since independ· be conducted, the report of which will be included in the ence. The universal recognition accorded to population census report. census in national as well as international spheres is but too well known. From the international stand point 8. The district census handbooks will be published information furnished by census about the population of as in the 1951 Census with appropriate modifications. 78 APPENDIX XI-contd.

9. The houselist, household schedule and individual (1) The primary break up of the State jurisdic­ slip wiII be issued in the regional language. tion will be on the basis of the existing districts. The District Collector is responsible for the proper conduct of Reference Date and Enumeration Period the census in his district. For each district, a District 10. The reference date for the census will be the sun­ Census Officer will be nominated who will be the head of rise of 1st March 1961. The actual enumeration during the enumeration hierarchy in the district. He acts on which the enumeration slips and household schedules have behalf and on the authority of the District Collector. to be filled up commences on 10th February 1961 and ends (2) Each district will be divided into Urban and with the sunrise of 1st March 1961, followed by a check round on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd March 1961, during which, R ural Tracts. births and deatlis that took place subsequent to enumera­ The Trivandrum Corporation, all municipalities and tion and before the sunrise of 1st March 1961 will be cantonment boards and such of the areas as are approved Jecorded and casual visitors not enumerated elsewhere as census towns will constitute the urban tracts and the will be enumerated. rest the rural tracts. A list of non-municipal towns for this purpose will be forwarded in due course. Census Coverage (3) The rural tracts will be divided on the basis of 11. The items of information proposed to be collected existing taluks excluding reserve forests but including pri­ during enumeration are given in the household schedule vate forests and each taluk on the basis of existing and individual slip appended to this. As could be s~en revenue villages. therefrom, the items covered by the household schedule are, so far as culhvation is concerned, land under cultiva­ (4) Each town and each village will then be sub­ tion by the household either owned or held from Govern­ divided into wards in the case of towns, and karas or ment or held from private persons or institutions for muris or desoms, as the case may be, in the case of payment in money, kind or share and land given to private villages. persons for cultivation for payment in money, kmd or (5) The next and the last sub-division will be the share along with the local nam~ of right on land and t)1e enumerator's block. Each ward of a town, or kara, l11uri area in acres and the number Of members of the family or desom of a village will be split up into convenient working and hired workers, and so far as hou~ehold blocks for purposes of enumeration. industry is concerned, the natu~e of t~e house~old mdu~­ try, the number of months dUrIng which the ~ndustry. IS (6) The Reserve Forest Divisions in the State are conducted the number of members of the famIly workmg not co-extensive with the districts. But it is not diffi­ and hired ~orkers. There is also provision for recording cult to carve (.)ut the area lying in each revenue district the number of members of the family and hired workers and determine the ranges falling in a district and taluk. working in both household cultivation and household in­ The head of the enumeration hierarchy for the reserve dustry. On the reverse of the household schedule will be forests in the district will be the District Census Officer. entered the name, sex, relationship to head! age, marital The existing t'e"e,ve forest divisions will be the pri­ status and description of work (in the case of a w,?rker) in mary divisions for purposes of census. The Divisional re~pect of every member of the household. Items mcludcd Forest Officers in charge of the respective divisions will in the individual slip are relationship to the head of the be the charge officers for the divisions functioning, for family age on last birthday, marital status, birthplace, purposes of census operatiolls, under the District Census wheth~r rural or urban born, duration of residence in the Officer. Each forest division will be divided into super­ plact' of enumeration if born elsewhere, nationality, reli­ visors' circles corresponding to forest ranges. The gion, whether scheduled caste or scheduled tribe, literacy Range Officer will be the Circle Supervisor. Each range and education. mother tongue, any other language known, will be further subdivided into enumerators' blocks. whether working as cultivator or as agricultural labourer, As far as possible a forest section will be the enu­ whether working at houseiJOld industry (along with the merator's block. nature of work nature of the household industry and 13. The pyramid of territorial jurisdiction on the whether he is a~ employee), whether doing w~rk other above basis will accordingly be;- than in cultivation or as agricultural labourer or III house­ hold industry (along with the nature of work, nature of STATE the industry profession, trade or service, the class of I worker and the name of the establishment), activity if not DISTRICTS working and sex. Instructions for filling up the forms I will issue separately. I . I I Rural (Taluks Reserve Forests Delimitation of Territories ~ Urban (The Tnvan­ drum Corporation, -all areas {Forest Divi­ 12. JA census, according to late Mr. Yeatts, should ~,e municipal and cxcept urban sions) summed up as "first you. count and then you tabul~te . non-municipai and reserve Enumeration is the more Important of the two operatIOns. census forest It should aim at catching every man only onc~ and leav­ towns) areas) I ing out none. In India the Canvasser method IS u;;ed for I . I I enum€ration which means that a census office~ des.lgnated Wards VIllages Forest Ranges •. Enumerator" should visit every h,?use wlt~m hIS allot­ I . ted block of hous~s during the prescnbed penod fo~ e~u­ Karas, Muns, meriltion. This involves a clear demarcation ofterntones or Desoms by which the meanest household will be accounted for. The most essential pre-requisite of censuS ~or~, there.for~, I I is a graduated breaking up of the entire dlstn~t to d.lst!l­ Enumerators'I Enumerators' Enumeators' bute the work and the building up of a pyramId of JU~IS­ Blocks Blocks Blocks -dictions and responsibility from below. The followmg procedure is proposed for this purpose. 79 APPENDIX XI--contd.

Code Numbers Appointment of Census Supervisors and Enumerators 14. The territorial delimitation referred to above will 17. We require 24,000 enumerators besides reserve be denoted by code numbers. Each district, taluk, town, hands. It is proposed to draw the bulk of the supervisors village or forest division and ward of a town, kara, muri, and enumerators from teacher~ of Government and aided or desom of a village and forest range of a forest division schools. A preliminary list has been drawn up in consul­ will be allotted a number which will be communicated tation with the District Collectors, District Educational separately. This code number will be entered in the Officers, Tahsildars and Corporation/Municipal Commis­ houselist along with the number of the household and sioners. The list has revealed shortage of hands in sOI1;e again in the household schedule and individual slip at areas. The shortage has to be made up by taking hands the time of enumeration. Tt would thus be found that from other departments and, where they are not available, ultimately each census household and each individual from other sources. Difficulties for hands are likely to be can be identified with the help of thtl code number. felt in plantation areas. It would be possible to over­ come this by enlisting the services of the estate staff Enumeration Hierarchy wherever possible. The Planters' Associations are being 15. As stated earlier, the head of' the enumeration contacted for the purpose. The list will be in a position hierarchy in the district will be the ,District Census to be finalised by about August 1960. A separate com­ Officer who will be acting on behalf and dn the authority munication will be addressed on this. of the District Collector. Below him will be an Officer Programme and Phases of. Census Operations designated as the" Charge Officer". In the case of the Trivandrum Corporation and municipal towns, the Cor­ 18. For the successful conduct of the census opera­ poration Commissioner or Municipal Commissioner as tions a phased programme is essential. The same is given the case Inay be will be the charge officer and in the case below. A further break-up of each item in this programme of taluks including tbe non-municipal towns and private will be issued later. forests within the tal uk, the Tahsildar will be the charge officer. In the case of reserve forests the Divisional Provisional Dates. Forest Officers will be the charge officers. Below th0 charge officer there will be Circle Supervisors, each Super­ 1. PH;paration of preliminary 1st January 1960 visor being in charge of a group of enumerators' blocks maps of the wards of towns, called the Circle and beJow the Circle Supervisor come the villages and forest ranges for enumerators in his circle. The enumeration hierarchy in house numbering the District will thus be :- 2. Training for house number­ DISTRICT CENSUS OFFICER ing and preparation of house­ I lists of:- Urban Rural Forests 1 1'-----1 (a) District Census Officers 1st January 1960 to Charge Officer (The Charge Officer Charge Officer and Charge Officers 26th January 1960 Corporation Com­ (Tahsildars for (Divisional missioner for the Tri­ Taluks excluding Forest Officers (b) House numbering staff 1st February 1960 to vandrum Corporation reserve forests for reserve for- 25th February 1960 and the Municipal and municipal est divisions) 3. House numbering and prepar- 1st March 1960 to Commissioners for towns) MuniCipal towns and I ation of houselists 30th April 1960 Tahsildars for non- municipal towns) 4. Delimitation of enumt'ration 1st June 1960 blocks and circles 1 \ I Circle Supervisor Circle Supervisor Circle Supervisor 5_ Finalisation of maps under 15th June 1960 I I ! item 1 with house numbers Enumerator Enumerator Enumerator shown therein

Formation of Blocks and Circles 6. Appointment of Census Su- 30th June 1960 to 16. As at present estimated, there will be about pervisors and Enumerators 30th July 1960 24,000 enumeration Blocks for Kerala. These will in­ clude some special blocks also the particulars of which 7. Training for enumeration of : will be communicated later. The total number of blocks in the State will have to be suitably divided, local condi­ (a) District Census Offi-l 1st September 1960 to tions being also taken into account. Perhaps in hilly cers r 30th September and waterlegged areas the blocks may have to be smaller (b) Charge Officers J 1960 and the number correspondingly larger. The actual delimitation of blocks can be taken up only after com­ (c) Circle Supervisors and 10th October 1960 to pletion of house numbering and the preparation of house­ Enumerators-1st round 10th November lists. A suitable number of blocks wIll have to be 1960 allotted to each census circle, the minimum number be­ ing five. A delimitation schedule up to the circle has Do. 2nd round Wth November 1960 been drawn up in my office which will be forwarded to to 10th December you when finalised. The blocks and circles can be finalised 1960 after house numbering.

80 APPENDIX XI-contd.

Provisional Dates would be enough if the above particulars are shown in, the maps. After the completion of house numbering 8. Training Sample Census 10th December 1960 the house numbers have to be shown in these maps and to 25th December blocks and circles marked. One important aspect which 1960 - requires mention in this connection is about the bound­ aries of karas. muris, or desoms in villages, of wards in­ Intensive training of Circle 1st January to 31st towns and sections in forest ranges. Some of these have Supervisors and Enum('ra- January 1961 no defined boundaries. It is essential that boundaries tors-3rd round are defined and clearly marked on the map. Wherever survey boundaries have not been fixed as in the case of 9. Enumeration 10th February 1961 karas, it is better to define them by natural boundaries. A to the sunrise of clear demarcation of boundaries as mentioned above will 1st March 1961 eliminate chances of overlapping of these units which it is absolutely necessary to ensure. The copies of the 10. Check-round 2nd March 1961 to map> required are six and the size of the maps may be 5th March 1961 the maximum as could conveniently be drawn in the paper which will be supplied for this purpose from the Census 11. Furnishing provisional popu­ Department. No uniform scale is suggested for all areas lation figures and their publi­ as the sizes of villages etc. vary considerably. These cation maps should be ready before the training for house numbering operations could be started. Hence the target (a) Submission by Enumera­ date of 1st January 1960. tors to the Circle Super­ visors of records, forms (2) TRAINING FOR HOUSE NUMBERING AND and ab~tracts 5th March 1961 PREPARATION OF HOUSELIST 20. The Superintendent of Census Operations will be (b) Do. by Circle Super- training the District Census Officers and if possible the visors to the Charge Charge Officers also. In case the latter is not found Officers 6th March 1961 possible, the District Census Officers will have to train the Charge Officers. The house numbering staff will be (c) Provisional totals to be trained by the Charge Officers. A training programme given by Charge Officers for the house numbering staff will be drawn up suffi­ to District Census Offi­ ciently early by the District Census Officers who will also cers-by telegram 8th March 1961 organise the training in collaboration with the Charge Officers to fit in with the target dates mentioned in the (d) Do. District Census previous paragraph. The house numbering staff should Officers to the Registrar get the benefit of at least two training classes. General and Superin­ tendent of Census Oper­ (3) HOUSE NUMBERING AND PREPARATION OF ations-by telegram 9th March 1961 HOUSELISTS 21. This is the basic operation for census enumera­ 12. Post-enumeration check 1st week of April tion. There are three concepts associated with house 1961 numbering. These relate to ;- 13. Deliverv of census records I (a) Building (the entire structure on the ground) at the tabulation offices L Dates to be fixed (b) Census House (a building or part of a building 14. Tabulation Jr later with a separate main entrance) 15. Reporting (c) Census Household (a group of people living to- Details of the above items are dealt with below. gether and messing together) Some buildings may have only one census house and (1) PREPARATION OF PRELIMINARY MAPS one census hOllSehold in each of them while other build­ ings may have more than one census house in each. Some census houses may have only one census household 19. It is essential for the success of enumeration that in each while others may have more than one. For pur­ no area is omitted and every household is enumerated. poses of census operations each building, census house This· can be ensured only by preparation of suitable and census household has to be numbered and listed. maps of the areas concerned, marking the house numbers Houselist forms will be supplied separately. It is pro­ in them and later following up the same. Separate steps posed to number these in each ward of a town, each kara are being taken for the preparation of Taluk ma;p~, or muri or desom of a village and each forest section. maps of MUnicipal Corporation/towns, and Forest D1VI­ The numbering material will be coal-tar. The staff sion maps. This has to be supplemented by maps of e~ch engaged for house numbering will be the Corporation I ward of a town, village and forest range shOWing Municipal or Village or Forest staff as the case may be. the boundaries of wards in towns, karas, muris or Detailed instructions will follow. desoms in villages, and of sections in fo~est ranges, an.d streets and other important landmarks which would faCI­ (4) DELIMITATION OF ENUMERATORS' litate house numbering in definite directions and their physical verification at a subsequent stage. The Charge BLOCKS AND CIRCLES Officers have to make sure that no area is omitted in the 22. These can be done only after house numbering. preparation of the maps. At the preliminary stage it Further communication will issue.

81 APPENDIX XI-contd.

(5) FINALISATION OF MAPS abstracts of the Enumerators under him and send hi" abstract together with the enumerator's abstract and other 23. The maps referred to under item 1 (paragraph 19) records to his Charge Officer on 6th March 1961. The will be finalised with the house numbers, biocks and circlils Charge Officer will, in his turn, add up the totals of his marked in them on the completion of house numberin~. supervisors' abstracts in his own abstract and send to the The copies of these maps will then be forwarded by the District Census Officer on 8th March 1961. So far as the Charge Officers in the following order. reserve forest areas are concerned the Divisional Forest Four copies to Superintendent of Census Operations Officers who are the Charge Cfficers will send the figures One copy to the District Census Officer concerning the forest areas in a district to the concerned One copy to be retained with the Charge Officer District Census Officer. It may be that in some cases the Divisional Forest Officers will have to send the figures (6) APPOINTMENT OF CIRCLE SUPERVISORS AND to more than one District Census Officer where the [Olest ENVMI::RATORS divisions lie in more than one district. The District Census Officer will then consolidate the figures for the 24. Further communication will issue. district and telegraphically intimate the figures to the (7) TRAINING FOR ENUMERA1ION Superintendent of Census Operations in the telegraphic address" CENKERLA Trivandrum ", and simultaneously 25. This is the most important work prior to enu­ to the Registrar General of India, in his telegraphic meration. The slIccess of the enumeration mainly depends ajdress "REGGENLlND New Delhi ", on 9th March upon the training imparted to the Circle Supervisors and 1961. The figures for the State will be totalled by the Enumerators. A perusal of the instructions to enumerators Superintendent of Census Operations and the Registrar which will be forwarded subsequently will show that the General and published. enumerator has to acquaint himselJ;. with a number of directions for filling up the household schedules and tI2) POST-ENUMERATION CHECK individual slips. 1 he purpose of the traming is to enable the enumerator to thoroughly grasp these directions and 30. A post-enumeration check to find out whether clear possible doubts. The training programme should there has been omissions in enumeration will be conducted aim at holding at least 3 classes for each enumerator. in respect of 0.1 % of the population. Separate instruc­ The District Census Officers and if possible the Charge tions will be issued in this behal f. -Officers also will be trained by the Superintendent of (13) DELIVERY OF CENSUS RECORDS AT Census Operations. When the latter is not possible the Charge Officers will have to be trained by the District THE TABULATION OFFICE Census Officers and the Circle Supervisors and Enu­ 31. On the date which will be fixed for this purpose merators by the Charge Officers. Check-up classes will the census records will have to be delivered at the tabu­ be held by the Superintendent of Census Operations and lation offices according to instructions to be issued later. District Census Officers whenever possible. A programme of clearing doubts by circulation is also under considera­ (14) TABULATION tion. Detailed instructions will issue separately. 32. It is not necessary to deal with this here. (8) TRAINING SAMPLE CENSUS (15) REPORTING 26. The purpose of Training Sample Census is to give 33. It is not nece~sary to deal with this here. practical experience to Enumerators and Census Supervisors in enumeration work. This should be conducted before Functions of the Enumeration Hierarchy the final training class (3rd round). (1) FUNCTIONS OF THE DISTRICT (9) ENUMERATION CENSUS OFFICER 27. This is the most important operation in the whole 34. The District Census Officer being the head of the -series. Detailed instructions will be issued later. enumeration hierarchy in the di~trict and the person (10) CHECK-ROUND who acts on the authority and on behalf of the District Collector is the key person for the conduct of the census 28. After the enumeration the Enumerators have to in the district. All arrangements for the successful visit each household and record the births and deaths that conduct of the census in the dIstrict have to be made by tock place subsequent to enllmeratlOn and before, the him and in particular attend to the training of the Charge reference date and enumerate any casual visitor not Officers whenever the Superintendent of Census Operations enumerated elsewhere. lhe period of this check-round will not be available, prepare the programme for, organise will be from 2nd to 5th March 1961. and supervise the training by the Charge Officers of the Circle Supervisors and Enumerators, check up the (11) FURNISHING PROVISIONAL thoroughness of the training and clear doubts, see to the POPULATION FIGURES timely and proper distribution of census forms like the 29. It is proposed to publish the provisional totals at houselists, household s;:hedules. individual slips, abstracts the next census as early as possible after the completion etc. to the Charge Officers in the district, get the house' -of enumeration. The enumeration pad contains the numbering properly and exhaustively done through the enumerator's abstract for the total population of males Charge Officers,arrange the ~raining Sample Census through .and females and literates. The Enum~rator should be the Charge Officers, superVIse the same, report the quality trained to add up the population and literates and post of work disclosed by the Training Sample Census and get them in this abstract first and then enter the total of the shortcomings rectified through proper instructions such abstracts for the whole block in his charge in a supervise the fin!!-l enumeration and CheCk-round, secur~ similar abstract, which should be handed over to the the proviSional population figures for the entire district Circle Supervisor along with other records on 5th March including the reserve forests for this purpose and 1961. The Supervisor in his turn, should add up the communicate the same in time, arrange for the post- 82 APPENDIX XI-contd.

-enumeration check through the Charge Officers, maintain He will also have to carry out all the directions given to necessary registers and do such other things as are him by his superiors for the proper conduct of the work. necessary for the proper conduct of the census in the district. Enumeration of Houseless Persons (2) FUNCTIONS OF THE CHARGE OFFICERS 38. Houseless persons will have to be enumerated in the places where they usually sleep at night. This enu­ 35. All the functions mentioned in respect of the meration will normally be

83 APPENDIX XI-contd.

which should necessarily find a place in the census report. Conclusion I shall

THE CENSUS ACT, 1948 ( XXXVII OF 1948 ) Amended by Acts XL of 1949, LI of 1950, the Adaptation of Laws Order 1950 and Act XXll of 1959 (Passed by Dominion Legislature) Received the assent of the Governor General on the 3rd September, 1948 An Act to provide for certain matters in connection with the taking of census

Whereas it is expedient to provide for the taking of (2) The * * State Government may appoint person~ <:ensus in * (...... ) India or any part thereof whenever as census officers to take, or aid in, or supervise the necessary or desirable and to provide for certain matters taking of, the census within any specified local area and in connection with the taking of such census; such persons, when so appointed, shall be bound to serve accordingly. It is hereby enacted as follows ;- 1. Short title and extent - (1) This Act may be called (3) A declaration in writing, signed by any authority the Census Act, 1948. authOrIsed by the * *State Government in this behalf that any person has been duly appointed a census office; 0[(2) It extends to the whole of India t ( ...... ) ] for a!1y local area shall be conclusive proof of such t [2. Rule of Construction respecting Enactments not appomtment. extending to Jammu and Kashmir- Any reference in this (4) Th~ * ~State Government may delegate to such Act to the Indian Penal Code (XLV of 1860), or the Indian authontyas It thmks fit the power of appointing censu' Evidence Act, 1872 (I of 1872), shall, in relation to the officers conferred by sub-section (2). State of Jammu and Kashmir, be construed as a reference to the corresponding enactment in force in that State.] (5) Status of census authorities as public servants­ 3. Central Government to take census - The Central The Census Commissioner, all Superintendents of Census, Government may, by notification in the official gazette, Operations and all census officers shall be deemed to be declare its intention of taking a census in the whole or public servants within the meaning of the Indian Penal any part of the territories to which tbis Act extends, Code (XLV of 1860). whenever it may consider it necessary or desirable so to do, and thereupon the census shall be taken. 6. Discharge of duties of census officers ill certain cases--(I) Where the District Magistrate, or such author­ 4. Appointment of Censlls Staff - (I) The Central ity as the **State Government may appoint in this behalf'. Government may appoint a Census Commissioner to by a written order so directs ;- supervise the taking of the census throughout the area in which the census is intended to be taken, and Superinten­ (a) every officer in command of any bodY of men dents of Census Operations to supervIse the taking of belonging to the naval, militarv or air forces or of an\' the census within the several Provinces. vessel of war, of India,' -

------~----- * Deleted by the Adaptation of Laws Order 1950 t Inserted by Section 3, ibid. Original section 2 Waf>. omitted by the Adaptation of Laws Order, 1950 o Substitued, ibid Substituted by the Adaptation of Laws Order, 1950 t Deleted by Section 2 Act XXII of 1959 **

84 THE CENSUS ACT-contd.

(b) every person (except a pilot or harbour-master) woman shall be bound to state the name of her husband having charge or control of a vessel, or deceased husband or of any other person whose name (c) every person in charge of a lunatic asylUlll, she is forbidden by custom to mention. hospital, workhouse, prison, reformatory or lock-up or of any public charitable, religious or educational insti­ 9. Occupier to permit access and affixing of numbers­ tution, Every person occupying any house, enclosure, vessel or (d) every keeper, secretary or manager of any sarai, other place shall allow census officers such access thereto hotel, boarding-house, lodging-house, emigration depot as they may require for the purposes of the census and as, or club, having regard to the customs of the country, may be reasonable and shall allow them to paint on, or affix to, (e) every manager or officer of a railway or any the place such letters, marks or numbers as mav be neces- commercial or industrial establishment, and sary for the purposes of the census. - (f) every occupant of immovable property wherein at the time of the taking of the census persons are livmg, 10. Occupier or manager to fill up schedule- (1) Sub­ shall perform such of the duties of a census officer in ject to such orders as the Provincial Government may issue relation to the persons who at the time of the taking of in this behalf, a census officer may, within the local area the census are under his command or charge, or are for which he is appointed, leave or cause to be left a inmates of his house, or are present on or in such immov­ schedule at any dwelling-house or with the manager or able property or are employed under him as may be any officer of any commercial or industrial establishment, . specified in the order. for the purpose of its being filled up by the occupier of such house or of any specified part thereof or by such (2) All the provisions of this Act relating to census manager or officer with such particulars as the *State officers shall apply, so far as may be, to alJ persons while Government may direct regarding the inmates of such performing such duties under this section, and any person house or part thereof, or the persons employed under such refusing or neglecting to perform an}' duty which manager or officer, as the case may be, at the time of the under this section he is directed to perform shall be taking of the census. deemed to have committed an offence under section 187 of the Indian Penal Code (XLV of 1860). (2) When such schedule has been so left, the said occupier, manager or officer, as the ca,se may be, shall fin 7. Power to call upon certain persons to give assist­ it up or cause to be filled up to the best of his knowledge ance-The District Magistrate, or such authority as or belief so far as regards the inmates of such house or the *State Government may appoint in this behalf for part, thereof or the persons employed under him, as the any local area, may, by written order which shall have case may be, at the time aforesaid, and shall sign his name effect throughout the extent of his district or of such thereto and, when so required, shall deliver the schedule local area, as the case may be, call upon- so filled up and signed to the census officer or to such (a) all owners and occupiers of land, tenure-holders, person as the census officer may direct. and farmers and assignees of land revenue, or their agents, II. Penalties-(I) (a) Any census officer or any person lawfully required to give assistance towards the taking of (b) all members of the district, municipalpanchayat census who refuses or neglects to use reasonable diligence and other local authorities and officers and servants of in performing any duty imposed upon him or in obeying such authorities, and any order issued to him in accordance with this Act or (c) all officers and members of staff of any factory, any rule made thereunder, or any person who hinders or firm or establishment, obstructs another person in oerforming any such duty or to give such assistance as shall be specified in the order in obeying any such order, or towards the taking of a census of the persons who are, at (b) any census officer who intentionally puts any the time of the taking of the census, on the lands of such offensive or improper question or knowingly makes any owners, occupiers, tenure-holders, farmers and assign~s, false return or, without the previous sanction of the or in the premises of factories, fi~ms and other estab~l~h­ Central Government or the * State Government, discloses ments, or within the areas for WhICh such local authonties any information which he has received by means of, or are established, as the case may be, and the persons to for the purposes of, a census return, or whom an order under this section is directed shall be bound to obey it and shall, while acting in pursuance of (c) any sorter, compiler or other member of the such order, be deemed to be public servants within the census staff who removes, secretes, damages or destroys meaning of the Indian Penal Code (XLV of 1860). any census document or deals with any census document , . in a manner likely to falsify or impair the tabulations of 8. A~king of questions and obligation to allswer­ census results, or (1) A census officer may ask all such questio~s of a~l (d) any person who intentionally gives a false persons within the limits of the local area for WhICh he IS answer to, or refuses to answer to the best of his appointed as, by instructions issued in tJ:lis behalf by the knowledge or belief, any question asked of him by a cen­ * State Government and published in the official Gazette, sus officer which he is legally bound by section 8 to he may be directed to ask. answer, or (2) Every person of whom any question is asked (e) any person occupying any house, enclosure, under sub-section (I) shall be legally bound to answer vessel, or other place who refuses to allow a census such question to the best of his knowledge or belief: officer such reasonable access thereto as he is required Provided that no person shall be bound to state by section 9 to allow, or tbe name of any female member of his household, and no (f) any person who removes, obliterates. alters, or damages any letters, marks or numb~rs which have been * Substituted by the Adaptation of Laws Order, 1950 painted or affixed for the purposes of the census, or

85 THE CENSUS ACT--concld.

(g) any person who, having been required under schedule shall be admissible as evidence in any civil pro­ section 10 to fill up a schedule, knowingly and without ceeding whatsoever or in any criminal proceeding other sufficient cause fails to comply with the provisions of than a prosecution under this Act or any other law for that section, or makes any false return thereunder, or any act or omission which constitutes an offence under (h) any person who trespasses into a census office, this Act. shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one 16. Temj>orary sllSj>ension ofother laws as to mode of thousand rupees and in case of a conviction under part taking censllS in municipalities-Notwithstanding any­ (b) or (c) shall also be punishable with imprisonment thing in any enactment or rule with respect to the mode III which may extend to six months. which a census is to be taken in any municipality, the (2) Whoever abets any offence under sub-section (1) municipal authority, in consultation with the Superintend­ shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one ent of Census Operations or with such other authority as thousand rupees. the *State Government may authorise in this behalf, shall at the time appointed for the taking of any census cause 12. Sanction required for prosecution-No prosecu­ the census of the municipality to be taken wholly or in part tion under this Act shall be instituted except with the by any method authorised by or under this Act. previous sanction of the *State Government or of any authority authorised in this behalf by the * State Govern­ 17. Grant of statistical abstracts-The Census Commis­ ment. sioner or any Superintendent of Census Operations or such person as the *Slate Government may authorise in 13. Operation of other laws not barred-Nothing this behalf may, if he so thinks fit, at the request and cost in this Act shall be deemed to prevent any person from (to be determined by him) of any local authority or person being prosecuted under any other law for any act or cause abstracts to be prepared and supplied containing any omission which constitutes an offence under this Act: such statistical information as can be derived from the Provided that no such prosecution shall be insti­ census return for *India or any State as the case may be, tuted except with the previous sanction referred to in being information which is not contained in any publi­ section 12. shed report and which in his opinion it is reasonable 14. Jurisdiction-No court inferior to that of a Presi­ for that authority or person to require. dency Magistrate or a Magistrate of the second classj: or in a Part B State, a Magistrate corresponding to a !V1agi­ 18. Power to make rules-(I) The Central Govern­ strate of the second class shall try, whether under thIS Act ment may make rules for carrying out the purposes of or under any other law, any act or omission which consti­ this Act. tutes an offence under this Act. (2) In particular, and without prejudice to the 15. Records of cenSllS not open to inspection nor generality of the foregoing power, the Central Govern­ admissible in evidence-No person shall have a right ment may make rules providing for the appointment of to inspect any book. register or record made by a census census officers and of persons to perform any of the duties officer in the discharge of his duty as such, or any schedule of census officers or to give assistance towards the taking delivered under section 10, and notwithstanding anything of a census, and for the general instructions to be issued to the contrary in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (I of to such officers and persons. 1872), no entry in any such book, register, record or ------* Substituted by the Adaptation of Laws Order, 1950 1 Inserted by Section 4 Act LI of 1950

NOTE :-The copies of the houselist, household schedule and enumeration slip have been deleted from this since they are given in appendices Ill, IV & V respectively.

86 APPENDIX XII Office of the Superintendent of Census Operations, Kerala

CIRCULAR LETTER No. IV Trivandrum, dated 30th December 1959 HOUSE NUMBERING AND PREPARATION OF HOUSELISTS Ref: Item 3 of paragraph 18 and paragraph 21 of Circular Letter No. I dated 4-12-1959

Importance of House Numbering and Houselisting Territorial units for House Numbering and House­ -Operations listing Operations As observed in paragraph 21 of Circular letter No. I 3. Although houses have been numbered in municipal hou~e numbering and houselisting constitute the basic and non-municipal areas by the Municipalities and Pan­ operations in the conduct of a population census. Enumer­ chayats respectively, the numbering is not in conformity ation at the residence of the individual has been recognised with the pattern accepted for census purposes. In Pan­ as the best procedure to ensure accuracy in a population chayat areas the ",ards of Panchayats are not co-extensive census. The numbering of houses within each territorial with' Karas', 'Desoms' or 'Muris' or even revenue unit of operations and preparation of a list of the houses villages in some areas. For the above reasons it is pro­ so numbered is, therefore, essential to secure a proper posed to conduct fresh ilumbering of all houses for enumeration at residence which should be both exhaustive purposes of census, whether the area is municipal or and free from duplication and unless the numbering of non-municipal. The territorial unit for house numbering houses and preparation of the list of houses are done with and houselisting in the municipal areas and non-munici­ utmost care and efficiency the very foundation of enumer­ pal census towns will be the existing wards of the Muni­ ation becomes weak. This accounts for the supreme cipal Corporation and municipal towns and wards which i~portance of.house numbering and houselisting opera­ will be constituted hereafter in non-municipal towns. tlOns. It has, however, to be stated that the numbering Pending finalisation of the list of non-municipal towns, and listing of houses in the forthcoming census is not con­ which will take some time, the entire non-municipal area, fined to residential buildings alone. All buildings with whether non-municipal towns or villages, excluding the exception of separate structures like garages, out­ reserve forests, but including private forests, will be houses etc. within the compound of a main building treated alike for purposes of these operations. So far as belonging to the same person have to be numbered and these areas are concerned, each' Kara ' of a village in the listed irrespective of the use to which they are put. former Travancore area, 'Desom' of an Amsom (village) in the former Malabar district and 'Muri' of a village The Scope of House Numbering and Houselisting in the former Cochin area will be treated as the territorial 'Operations unit for purposes of house numbering and houselist­ ing. When the list of non-municipal census towns is fina­ 2. One has to familiarise himself with the concepts lised it would be possible to group the appropriate units of a 'building', 'census house' and 'census household' out of these into towns. In the Kasaragod and Hosdrug in connection with these operations. These terms are taluks and also a few villages of the former Malabar defined below:- district there are no Desoms. In most of these cases· the population and area do not exceed those of the existing A 'building' refers to the entire structure on the Desoms. In the case of these villages of the Kasaragod bround. A 'census house' is a structure or part of a and Hosdrug taluks etc., which have not been sub-divided structure, inhabited or vacant, or a dwelling, shop, a into' Desoms' it is not, therefore, considered necessary ·shop-cum-dwelling or a place of business, workshop, to create new' Desoms ' except in the case of slch villages school etc. with a separate main entrance. A' household' the population of which exceeds 15,000 a.ld are not is a group of persons who commonly live together and already sub-divided into Desoms. In such cases. each would take their meals from a common kitchen unless village may be sub-divided into two census Desoms ac­ the exigencies of work prevented any of them from doing cording to suitable natural boundaries for census purpo~es so. A building may consist of one census house only or only. The respedive Tahsildars are requested to take more than one and a census house may consist of one action for such sub-division and report the number of census household only or more than one. The definitions census Desoms so created along with their area to the would also indicate that buildings and census houses Superintendent of Census Operations and the District need not necessarily be used for residential purposes but Census Officers concerned before 12-1-1960. Where a the term' 'census household' applies only to a group of village (or Amsom) does not consist of Desoms the persons living together and messing together. The scope village itself will be the ten itorial unit of operations a~d in of the house numbering operations is, therefore, to the column' Kara!Mur;jDesom' in the Code Number of number all the buildings, census houses, and census the house Jist num.ber ' 1 ' will be entered. In respect of households within each territorial unit of operations reserve forests. a forest range will b~ the territorial unit of and that of the houselisting operations is to prepare ope~ati(;lDs f,?f ~ouse numbering and houselisting. All a list of the buildings, census houses and census terntorlal UllltS WIll be allotted suitable code numbers to households so numbered. The houselist has to be be entered in the houselist and will be communicated in prepared in duplicate in the prescribed pro forma due course. which will be supplied for the purpose. This pro forma contains certain columns for recording some Order of Numbering the Houses particulars about the buildings, census houses and census . 4. In paragraph 19 of Circular Letter No. I as also in households in addition to their number. The contents of Circular Letter No. II instructions have already been issued the pro forma are given in the Circular Letter No. I. for the preparation of preliminary maps for the wards or 87 APPENDIX XII-contd.

Municipalities, villages and forest ranges with the by the respective census households. The numbering. required particulars. The purpose of these maps is to should be neatly done. Shabby painting of numbers decide the direction in which house numbering has should be invariably avoided. Stencils in tinsheets and to be done and ultimately to enter the numbers in brushes have to be used to render the numbering neat these maps on completion of the house numbering opera­ and uniform. Every house numbering unit should have tions. The numbering of buildings has to be done in coal-tar, stencils of numbers 1 to 9 and 0, English alpha­ the serial order following the direction chosen for the bets A to J, a hyphen and a bracket like ( ) to paint purpose, the numbering of census houses in a building brackets wherever necessary. The numbers, letters and in the serial Older of census houses in that building and brackets should be of 1 1/2 inches height. that of census households in a census house in the serial order of census households in that census house. De­ 6. Every building number should be prefixed with tailed instructions fcr allotment of numbers to census letter' C ' followed by a hyphen and the Code Number of houses within the same building and census households the territorial unit followed by hyphen again. The actual number of the building will be painted after the last hyphen .. within the same census house are given in ~he " Instruc­ tions fOf Houselist" which will be forwarded separately. Illustration A building refers to the entire structure on the ground. There are, however, high, large or long buildings along a C-I-S street or a lane which have been partitioned or portions In this illustration, 'C' stands for.' Census', 1 denotes of which have been sold, which have distinct, separate the Code Number of the territorial unit and S denotes the main exits on the road and which belong to separate number of the building. owners or occupiers, or alternatively there are a series of different houses joined each to each by common walls on 7. If there are more than one census house in a either side to make the whole look like one building but building, indicate the total number of census houses by parts of which have been built at different times and painting the first and the last number of the census houses belong to separate owners. Such distinguishable structures separated by a hyphen. This will enable the enumerator although not separate from each other should be regarded to know the number of census houses in that building. as separate buildings and given separate numbers. Each This should be painted separately and a little away from building should have a separate number. If there are the number of the building so as to avoid its being treated more than one structure within an enclosed or open as part of the building number which it is not. comoound belonging to the same person e. g., 1he main Illustration house, Ihe servants' quarters, the garage etc., only one building number should be given. So far as municipal C--1-S areas are concerned the direction in which buildings have (1-5) to be numbered will be the same as exists now since the S. In the above illustration the number of the census numbering in municipal areas is based on the axis houses in the building has to be painted in front of the of the streets. But in non-municipal areas including respective census houses also as C-l-S(1), C-l-S(2) etc. reserve forests the numbering of buildings has to be done starting from the north-west of the territorial unit of 9. If there are more than one census household in operations and ending with south-east. If the locality any census house in the above case, paint the first and last consists of a number of streets the buildings in the various number of the census household separated by a hyphen a streets should be numbered continuously and the streets little away from the number of the 1st census household should be taken in uniform order, from north-west to south­ as mentioned in paragraph 7 to enable the enumerator east. Experience suggests that the best way of numbering to know the total number of census households in that is to continue with one consecutive serial on one side of the census house. street and complete the numbering ~n that side before crossing over to the end of the other Side of the street and Illustration continuing with the serial, stopping finally opposite to C-1-S (IA) where the first numbering began. A chart indicating (IA-lD) the direction in which building numbering is to be done 10. In the above illustration, either in front of each is given in the appendix to this le!t~r. Further. details census household or on a piece of cardboard the will be discussed in the course of tralDlDg. number of the respective census households has to be Mode of House Numbering painted. 5. The number has to be painted in coal-tar at the Illustration entrance of the building, either on the wall or door. In the case of huts which have only walls and doors of C-l-S (IA), C-1-S (lB) etc. cadjan leaves or like material it is not possible to paint the number on them. A small piece of cardboard will tl. Where there is only one census house in a building have to be used for painting the number in those cases and one census household nothing more than the number and the same should be handed over to the head of the of the building need be painted. household with instructions to preserve it carefully. Illustration C-I-S If any wooden plank is supplied ?y the house owner the number may be painted on that iDst~ad of on the. card­ 12. If there is only one census house in a building but board. Similarly, in the case of ~ulh-hous~holds In the more than one census household in that census house the same census house it may be pOSSible to palDt the. num­ census households will bear the number as C-t-S-(A), ber only on the door or walls of the portIon occupied by C-I-S-(B) etc. The indication of the total number of the first censuS household in the census house. In such census households in the census house will then be as cases also cardboard pieces wi!l ~ave to be used .. Wher­ , A-D' instead of ' lA-lD' used where there are more e"er possible, in these cases, It IS better ~o palDt ~he than one census house in a building and more than one number on the walls or doors of t11e portIon occupied census household in each census house.

88 AJPPENDIX XII--contd.

13. It may be pointed out that the numbering in all the Period of House Numbering and Houselisting above cases is in accordance with the "Instructions for Operations Houselist" except for letter' C ' and the number of the 16. As stated in the schedule of operations at page 6 of ~rritorial unit like 1 or 2 etc., i. e., the portion, 'C--:-l' prefixed to the actual number of the building, census house Circular Letter No. I, the house numbering and prepara­ or census llousehold as the case may be. Letter' C' is tion of houselists have to be started on 1st March 1960 necessary to distinguish the census number from other and should be completed before 30th April 1960. The numbers already on the buildings and tbe number of the house numbering and preparation of houselists should be territorial unit is necessary to identify the locality. Indi­ done simultaneously. cation of the total number of census houses or census Training for House Numbering and Preparation of households is n6t a part of the house number at all. Houselists 17. The programme for the training of the District House Numbering and Houselisting Units Census Officers and Charge Officers for house numbering 14. In G. O. M S. No. 492/PI & D. dated 26-11-1959 and houselisting operations has already been communi­ the State Government have accorded their concurrence to cated in Circular Letter No. 3 dated 15-12-1959. After the proposal that the house numbering will be done by this training the house numbering and houselisting staff the Corporation or Municipal staff in the Municipal including the Supervisors but excluding the last category Corporation and other Municipal areas, by the village staff like peons have to be trained by the Charge Officers. in the revenue villages and by the forest staff III the The. period of this training has been fixed as 1st February forest areas. In revenue villages, the Village Assistants 1960 to 25th February 1960. The training should consist in the former Travancore-Cochin area and the 'Karnams' of three rounds. The first round will be devoted to ex­ in other areas should do the house numbering and house­ plain the instructions for house numbering and prepara­ listing. They will be assisted by the village peon or tion of house lists, consisting of those given in this Kolkaran to carry the paint, stencils, etc. Two or three Circular and "the Instructions for Houselist" which such units may be engaged in each village according to will be forwarded to you. This will be followed by practical the strength of Village Assistants and peons. The work of training which is the 2nd round. In this training the staff these units will be supervised by the Village Officer or should be made to chalk-number a sufficient number of Adhikari. Similar units will have to be formed in muni­ buildings, census houses and census households and fill cipal areas and forest areas with the 'staff available with up one houselist form per unit. The forms which will be Municipal authorities and the Forest Department. The sent for training will be utilised for the purpose. With a work of these units will be directed, inspected and con­ view to enable the Charge Officers to inspect this chalk­ trolled by the Charge Officers of the respective areas. It numbering it is desirable to do it in one or two convenient is necessary to formally appoint the personnel of these centres in their jurisdiction instead of in each village. units under the Census Act though the work they do is in The houselists prepared in the practical training should be addition to their normal duties. The Charge Officers are, thoroughly scrutinised by the Charge Officers. The Charge therefore, requested to send up a list of these units with Officers are requested to send a report of their scrutiny to the names and designations of the personnel to the Super­ the Superintendent of Census Operations with copy to the intendent of Census Operations with copy to the District District Census Officers concerned along with 5 per cent Census Officers concerned before 15th January 1960 of the forms to the Superintendent of Census Operations positively. and 15 per cent of the forms to the District Census Officers. These forms should be so selected as to contain Honorarium to the Staff the best and the worst forms. The District Census Officers 15. A lump sum has been sanctioned for the whole arc requested to scrutinise the forms received by State for the house numbering and houselisting opera­ them and issue instructions to the Charge Officers for tions. This will be apportioned among the various staff rectification with copy to the Superintendent of Census Operations who will also - be sending similar instruc­ units, consisting of the supervisors, house numbering and tions in respect of the forms received by him with houselisting staff and those who assist them in suitable copy to the District Census Officers. On receipt of these proportion in consultation with the District Collectors. instructions the final round of training classes will be A separate communication giving the apportionment will held by the Charge Officers in which the staff will be follow. The honorarium will be inclusive of the cost of thoroughly trained to rectify the mistakes and be in a coal-tar, stencils, brushes, cardboard etc., and the expen­ position to carry Qn the work without committing errors. ses of the staff for travelling to attend training classes and The District Census Officers are requested to be present for actual house numbering. In other words, the honor­ in the final round of training classes. The District arium is all inclusive. The house numbering and house­ Census Officers are also requested to draw up a pro­ listing j.mits will provide the equipments mentioned gramme for the training of the staff within their jurisdic­ above in accordance with the standards prescribed in tions in conformity with the above and inform the paragraph 5. The cost will be shared by the supervisor, Charge Officers with copy to the Superintendent of Census the house numbering and listing staff and their assistants Operations before 15th January 1960. The programme in proportion to share of the honorarium they will be may be so arranged as to enable the Superintendent of entitled to. The District Census Officers and Charge Census Operations and District Census Officers to get the Officers who are not on fixed monthly Travelling Allowance reports of the practical training with the house lists by 12th February and return them before 18th February so as will-be entitled to normal Travelling Allowance and those to leave at least 10 days for the final round of training. Charge Officers on fixed monthly Travelling Allowance will be entitled to Travelling Allowance for journeys House Numbering and Houselisting Operations outside their jurisdiction provided the journeys are con­ 18. On th~ training being over, the house numb~ring ducted solely for purposes of census work. They are, and houselisting operations will commence on I st March however, requested to combine their census tours with 1960. As far as possible chalk-numb

finally painti~ the numbers. On the first day of the dars will include, among others, both surveyed and un­ operations, chalk-numbering should be done in any case surveyed tracts including private forests and those portions and the supervisor should inspect the same. The house­ of the reserve forests handed over by the Forest Depart­ lists of the first round of houses should be prepared in the ment to the Revenue Department whether they have be~n presence of the Supervisor. Thereafter, the Supervisor assigned or are pending assignment. The Tahsildars are should inspect at least 25 % of the buildings with the requested to take special notice of this and report any census houses and census households in them at random discrepancy in the pro formae of Villages, Karas, Desoms and check up the houselists along with the inspection and and Muris already forwarded by them to the Super­ exercise cent per cent check over the remaining houselists intendent of Census Operations before 12th January 1960. though personal inspection of the buildings may not be All the Charge Officers are also requested to check up the possible in respect of them. The Charge Officer will boundaries of tlle territorial un:ts assigned for house inspect at least 10 % of the buildings along with the numbering and show them by appropri'ote descriptkns in census houses and census households in them and check up the maps of the wards of towns, villages and forest r;;nges, the houselists pertaining to them and exercise cent per referred to in Cilcular Letter No.2. cent check over the remaining lists without personal Follow-up Aetion after House Numbering inspection 01 the buildings. The District Census Officers are also requested to inspect a few buildings in all the 22. There will be about 10 months left before the areas within their jurisdictions at random and check up completion of our house numbering and houselisting their houselists. The operations should be finished by operations and the reference date for the 1961 Census. 30th April 1960. The house numbering programme is scheduled to be com­ pleted by 30th April 1960 in view of the rainy season that 19. On completion of the house numbering and pre­ follows. During this period of 10 months it is likely tbat paration of nouseJists the supervisors should hand over some new houses might crop up and some existing houses the lists along with unused forms and house!ist abstract might disappear. It is necessary to follow up these to the Charge Officers en 1st May 1960. The Charge changes, give numbers to new buildings as and when they Officers are requested to scrutinise the lists and abstracts, crop up and note the disappearance of any building in the . get errors, if any, rectified and send up one set of the lists remarks column of the househst. The Charge Officers and abstracts to the Superintendent of Census Opera­ are requested to get this work done through their sub­ tions and another set of the lists to the District Census ordinates and maintain the house:ists up:to-date. The Officers before jOth May 1960. The District Census Offi­ numbers to be allotted to the new buildings which crop cers are requested to scrutinise the lists received by them up should be beyond the last number of the territorial unit and return them to the Charge Officers before 20th May of house numbering and the location of the house should along with instructions for rectification of errors, if any, be indicated in the remarks column of the houselist, by with copy to Superintendent of Census Operations who noting the number of the house which precedes it on the will also be issuing similar instructions. The defects spot. The correction should ce intimated to the Super­ pointed out will be got rectified by the Cbarge Officers. intendent of Census Operations and District Census Offi­ The lists received by the Charge Officers will be kept by cers as and when made. them and should not be handed over to Supervisors at the time of enumeration. The Supervisors for enumeration Conclusion work will make out an abstract of the lists for their use. 23. As pointed out in tbe I st paragraph, the house num­ A Clarification bering and houselisting constitute the very foundation of our census operations. It is, therefore, necessary to take all 20. In the last paragraph under col. 2 of "The Instru­ possible care and devote pel wnal attention to ensure the ctions for Houselist " which will be sent to you separately perfection of these operations. It is fully trusted that it has been stated that in column 2 the No. given by the aU concerned with the operations will spare no pains to municipal or other authorities for the buildings may be do this. entered and in col. 3 the new number given by the Census Department. This will not apply to Kerala where all 24. The Charge Officers arc requested to send weekly buildings are proposed to be numbered afresh. Col. 2 progress reports of training and house numbering· to will, therefore, take in the fresh census number given to . the Superintendent of Ccnsu3 Operations and the Dis­ the building and col. 3 will repeat the number in col. 2 in trict Census Officers concerned commencing from the all cases, and in addition give the sub-number of the week ending 7th February 1960. If t!1erc is no activity to census house The last paragraph under col. 2 of " Instru­ be reported a 'nil' statement si10uld b se:1t. A pro forma ctions for Houselist" will be read as modified by this. for the progress report wi,l issue s0p:lr::

90 APPENDIX XII-contd. .... Appendix I. Detailed break-up of the Schedule for 6. List of house numbering and ,15th January 1960 House numbering and Houselisting opera­ houselisting staff to be sent tions by the Charge Officers to the Superintendent of Census II. Programme for the training of the District Operations and the District " Census Officers and Charge Officers Census Officers (Paragraph 14 of Circular letter No. IV) .. III. Sample Chart showing the directions for house numbering 7. Training programme for house 15th January 1960 numbering and houselisting To staff to be sent by the Dis- trict Census Officers to the Shri...... Superintendent of Census Operations and Charge Offi- cers (Paragraph 17 of Circular letter No. IV) To all District Census Officers 8. Reports of practical training 12th February 1960 Charge Officers along with sample lists from Charge Officers to reach Copy to The District Collectors (for favour of the Superintendent of Census information) Operations and the District Census Officers (Paragraph 17 Copy to The Secretary, Board of Revenue (do.) of Circular letter No. IV) Copy to The Chief Conservator of Forests (do.) 9. Return of sample lists with 18th February 1960 instructions by the Super- Copy to The Director of Local Bodies (do.) intendent of Census Opera- tions and District Census Offi· APPENDIX I cers (Paragraph 17 of Circular letter No. IV) DETAILED BREAK-UP OF THE SCHEDULE OF 10. Conclusion of the training of 25th February 1960 OPERATIONS FOR HOUSE NUMBERING AND the house numbering and HOUSELISTING houselisting staff by the Charge Officers (Paragraph 17 1. Preparation of preliminary 1st January 1960 of Circular letter No. IV) maps of villages, forest ran- 11. Commencement of house 1st March 1960 ges and wards of Municipal numbering and houselisting Corporation and towns (Para- operations (Paragraphs III and graphs 18 and 19 of Circular 21 of Circular letter-No. I and letter No. I and Circular letter Paragraph 18 of Circular No.2) letter No. IV) 2. Training of District Census 8th January 1960 to 12. Completion of house num- 30th April 1960 Officers and Charge Officers 22nd January 1960 bering and houselisting oper- by the Superintendent of Cen- ations (Paragraphs 18 and 21 sus Operations (Circular of Circular letter No. I and letter No.3) Paragraph 18 ofCircularletter 3. One copy each of the prelimi- On the dates fixed for No. IV) nary maps to be brought by their training 13. Handing over pf the house- 1st May 1960 the Charge Officers to the lists, houselist abstracts and 'Superintendent of Census Op- unused forms by the Super- erations (Circular letter visors to the Charge Officers No.~) (Paragraph 19 of Circular letter No. IV) 4. Repdrting by the Charge Offi- 12th January 1960 cers about any discrepancy in 14. Sending the houselists by the 10th May 1960 the pro forma sent by them to Charge Officers to the Super- the Superintendent of Census intendent of Census Opera- Operations (Paragraph 21 of tions and the District Census Circular letter No. IV) Officer (Paragraph 19 of Circular letter No. IV) ~ Creation of new Census 12th January 1960 Desoms by the Charge Offi· 15. Return of the houselists by 20th May 1960 cers and reporting to the DistrIct Census Officers to Superintendent of Census Charge Officers with instruc- Operations and the District tions for rectification of Census Officers (Paragraph 3 mistakes, if any (Paragraph of Circular letter No. IV) 19 of Circular letter No. IV)

91 APPENDIX XU-contd.

APPENDIX II

PROGRAMME FOR THE TRAINING OF DISTRICT CENSUS OFFICERS AND CHARGE OFFICERS BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS

Place Date Tim~

All Divisional Forest Office of the Chief Conservator of 8-1-1960 ll,A. M. Officers Forests. Trivandrum Trivandrum District Office of the Superintendent of 9-1-1960 11 A.M. f Census Operations, Trivandrum Quilon District Collectorate, Quilon 11-1-1960 11 A. M. II AUeppey District Muncipal Office, Alleppey 12-1-1960 11 A M. Emakulam District Collectorate, Ernakulam 13-1-1960 11 A. M. and_dot Charge """"" Officers Offire" other1 Kottayam District Collectorate. Kottayam 14-1-1960 11 A.M. than Divisional Forest Officers of the Trichur District Collectorate. Trichur 19-1-1960 11-30A. M. Palghat District Collectorate. Palghat 20-1-1960 11 A.M. Kozhikode District Collectorate. Kozhikode 21-1-1960 11 A.M. l Cannanore District Collectoratc. Cannanore 22·1-1960 11 A.M.

92 APPENDIX XII-concld. APPENDIX III

CHART SHOWING DIRECTIONS FOR HOUSE NUMBERING

1------~-----;}>--~ ---.-- -- ~--'----~

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·93 APPENDIX XIII

Office of the Superintendent of Census Operations, Kerala

CIRCULAR LETTER No. XVII

Trivandrum, dated 25th July 1960

Sm, CENSUS OF INDIA 1961-FOLLOW-UP ACTION ON THE HOUSE NUMBERING OPERATIONS, FORMATION OF BLOCKS AND CIRCLES AND APPOINTMENT OF CIRCLE SUPERVISORS AND ENUMERATORS FOR ENUMERATION

Ref: Paragraph 22 of Circular Letter No. IV dated 30th December 1959 and paragraphs 16 and 17 of Circular Letter No. I dated 4th December 1959

Follow-up Action on the House Numbering Operations should also be informed of the position and directed to enter that census household in the House]ist Extracts given 1. With the completion of the hOllse numbering to them. The Charge Officer should furnish the full location operations, we have laid the foundation for Census code of the houselist in which the new building is located, Enumeration. But a good deal of follow-up action is and the entries made in the houselist, column by column, necessary to keep the houselists up-to-date till 1st March to the Superintendent of Census Operations and the 196], the reference date. The procedure for the same is District Census Officer. It is very important to point out laid down below :- after which building,number the new house is actually located to the Supenntendent of Census Operations and (i) When an existing building disappears by demo­ the District Census Officer and the Supervisor and lition or ruin before ]st March 1961, the fact should be Enumerator. reported by the Charge Officer to the Superintendent of Census Operations and the District Census Officer fur­ In some areas new houses might crop up on a nishing also the full location code given in the houselist and large scale as in Kuttanad during the harvest season. The the number of the building, the entries against that build­ same procedure as above will apply there also. ing in the houselist should be scored off in red ink, and a note entered in the remarks column showing the reasons (iii) When a vacant house has been occupied before for scoring off. If the building is a Census household, 1st March 1961, its particulars should be enter.ed by the its number should be scored off in red ink from the Charge Officer in the houselist in the relevant columns entries on the right hand side of the Block and Circle against tlie number already allotted to it and reports Register. The Supervisor and Enumerator concerned should be sent to the Superintendent of Census Operations appointed for enumeration should also be informed of and the District Census Officer, furnishing the full loca­ the fact as above and directed to score off the entries tion code from the list, the number of the census house and the particulars entered in the houselist against that against the building in the Houselist Extract which will be house. The concerned Supervisor and Enumerator ap­ supplied to them noting the reaSon against it. The Super­ pointed for enumeration should also be informed accord­ intendent of Census Operations will take similar action ingly. The Charge Officer should also enter in red ink the in the houselist and the Block and Circle Register and number of the Census household, if it is one, on the the District Census Officer, in the Block and Circle Regis­ right hand side of the Block and Circle Register against ter. as done by the Charge Officer. the block in which the house is located after the last number. The Superintendent of Census Operations will (ii) If a new building has cropped up before 1st make the corresponding entries in the houselist and the March 1961, it should be assigned a number after the last Block and Circle Register, and the District Census Officer, number in the houselist pertaining to that territorial unit, in the Block and Circle register. The Supervisors and and should be painted on that building and entered in the Enumerators wiH enter the number in the Houselist houselist, noting also the number of the building after Extracts. which the new building is actually located, in col. 18 of the houselist. If it is a census household, its number (iv) Where a census household becomes vacant be­ should be entered on the right hand side of the Block and fore 10th February 1961, that fact should be recorded in Circle Register in red ink after the existing numbers in column 18 of the houselist in red ink by the Charge Officer the block in which the house is actually located, as could and only if he finds that it continues to be vacant till 10th be gathered from the entry in col. 18 'of the houselist February 1961 he should score off the house number from referred to above. The fact should be reported to the list and report the fact to the Superintendent of Census Superintendent of Census Operations and the District Operations and the District Census Officer with the full Census Officer. The former will take similar action in the code numbers of the houselist and the number of the houselist and the Block and Circle Register and the latter household. The Charge Officer should also score off in in the Block and Circle Register. The concerned red ink its number from the houselist and also from the Supervisor and Enumerator appointed for enumeration entries on the right hand side of the Block and Circle

94 APfENDIX XIII-contd.

Register, against the block to which the household that slip. The household numbers of the special block s belongs. The Supervisor and Enumerator of the concerned are entered in column 9 itself as a special block will area appointed fOl: enumeration should also be informed consist of generally one or in exceptional cases a few of the position. The Superintendent of Census Operations households only. will score off the number from the houselist and the Block and Circle Register and the District Census 4. The following are declared as special blocks:- Officer, from the Block and Circle Register, and enter a Dote in column 18 of the houselist. The Supervisor and (a) Jails including sub-jails, Reformatories, Borstal Enumerator of the concerned area should also be directed Schools, Rescue Homes or Mter-Care Homes, Mental by the Charge Officer to score off the number from the Hospitals or Asylums, Leprosy Hospitals or Asylums, Houselist Extract noting the reason thereof against it. Armed Reserve Camps, Police Training Schools, Relief If between 10th February 1961 and 1st March 1961 the Settlements, Nunneries, Mutts and Monastries vacant houses happen to be occupied, the Superintendent of Census Operations, the District Census Officer, the (b) Residential Hospitals including T. B. Sana­ Supervisor and Enumerator should be informed of the toria, Poor Homes, Orphanages, Nursing Homes, Hostels, position. Boarding Houses, Residential Hotels, Beggar Homes and (v) The Charge Officers should arrange to get reports any other Residential Institution with 25 or more inmates from the Supervisors and Enumerators under them engag­ or accommodation for such number. (The italicized ed for the house numbering operations or their successors, condition applies to all items under category b) if they have been transferred, to make a report to them on the happening of the contigencies mentioned as i to iv (c) Raj Bhavan, palace of H. H. the Maharaja of above every month till 1st February 1961, and thereafter. Travancore and the ,palace of H. H. the Maharaja of as and when the contigency happens. The first report Cochin should reach the Charge Officers on 10th August 1960. The first report of the Charge Officers should reach the 5. It is only such of the special blocks as could ba Superintendent of Census Operations and the District identified from the houselists that have been entered in the Census Officers before the 15th of August 1960 and there­ Block and Circle Register. You should therefore enquire after before the 10th of every month and for the period and ascertain whether there are any other census households after 1st February 1961 as and when the contigency in your charge falling under the categories mentioned in happens. The report should also be sent to the Circle paragraph 8 above which have not been included in the Supervisors and Enumerators appointed for enumeration Block and Circle Register. If there are any such house­ for the period subsequent to their appointment. If there holds, you should include them in the register, reporting is no case to be reported a 'NIL' report should be sent. the particulars to the Superintendent of Census Operations and the District Census Officer, giving also the location Formation of Blocks and Circles code of the territorial unit and an extract of the entries made by you, in columns 7 to 10 of the Block and Circle 2. For the purpose of facilitating the final Census Register. Care should be taken that the entries in count, the various territorial units for which the Charge columns 7 to 10 are made in the space allotted against the Officers have prepared the house lists are to be divided - corresponding general block. It should also be noted into convenient Enumerators' blocks and a suitable that the serial numbers of the special blocks entered in number of Enumerators' blocks have to be grouped to­ column 7 should be confined to each general block and gether to form a circle and placed under a Circle the number of the special block should commence with Supervisor. The blocks and circles as mentioned above the number of the general block followed by letter Sand have been formed by the Superintendent of Census Opera­ then the serial number of the special blo:~ e.g., 5 (S. 1.). tions based on the houselists furnished by the Charge Here 5 represents the number of the [;\)nerd block in Officers. The Block and Circle Register of your Charge which the special block is located and S. 1. L ~resents the containing the particulars of the blocks and circles wiH serial number of the special block within 1:::1t general be sent to you along with a blank Block and Circle block. The special blocks within each gen~ral block Register. The entries in the Block and Circle Register should have a separate serial as mentioned above unlike have to be copied in your office in the blank register and the general blocks which have a continuous serial fcr sent to your District Census Officer, within 15 days of your the whole charge. Similarily, in the case of general receipt of the registers. The copying has to be done blocks you shoul<) scrutinise the houselists in the ligb.t of carefully and certified at the bottom to be correct by the the corrections which you will receive as per the reviews Charge Officer. A copy has been kept in the office of the of the houselists sent by the Superintendent of Census Superintendent of Census Operations also. Operations and the District Census Officers, referred to in Circularletter No. XVI dated 7-7-1960 issued by the 3. tOlumns 1 to 6, on the left hand page of the Superintendent of Census Operations. If any addition to the Block and Circle Register, deal with general blocks and household numbers entered on the right hand page of the columns 7 to 10 on the same page deal with special Block and Circle Register is found necessary, enter it in blocks. The entire right hand page is devoted to enter red ink after the existing numbers on the right hand side the numbers of census households in each General Block under each general block and report such number with the entered in columns 1 to 6 on the opposite left hand page full location code and the number of the general block corresponding to them. After entering the house numbers given in column 2 to the Superintendent of Census Opera­ in each block, a red ink line has been drawn. A few tions and the District Census Officer, who will make columns have been left blank before the red line to make corresponding entries in their registers. It is specially new entries, iffound necessary. In case it is found that pointed out that you should enquire whether all the police there is no space to make new entries, you may attach a stations with lock-ups in your charge have been numbered slip pasting its edge on the margin of the right hand page and entered in the houselists and column 11 thereof and if relating to the particular block and enter the numbers in not, you should get them numbered and enter them in the

95 APPENDIX ·XlII-contd.. houselists and column 11 thereof and inform the Super­ Ward or Range is not sufficient to make up one block, intendent of Census Operations and the District CensuS that one or two small blocks have been allotted to him Officer. Likewise, you snould enquire whether the build­ in other Karas!Muris/Desoms or Wards or Ranges. ings in the railway premises within your charge have In no case will a block lie in more than one Kara! been numbered and if not, you should get them numbered, Muri/Desom or Ward or Range, the idea being to make necessary entries in the house lists and thereafter avoid all difficulties in getting the enumeration papers on the right hand page of the Block and Circle Register separately for each Kara/Muri/Desom or Ward or Range. in the case of Census households, if any, and report to the The total number of houses in all the blocks together Superintendent of Census Operations and the District allotted to an enumerator will be approximately the Census Officer. The action contemplated in this paragraph same as those allotted in a single block to another enu­ should be taken within 15 days of the receipt of the merator. It should be particularly noted that although Block and Circle Register by you. two or three blocks are allotted to one enumerator, he has to treat each block separately, and submit the census 6. In respect of houses which disappear after the records and returns, in respect of them, separately. houselisting operations due to demglition or ruin or which have newly cropped up, or newly occupied or 9. Generally speaking, approximately 150 households newly fallen vacant, action has to be taken in the Block have been allotted in normal rural areas to an enumera­ and Circle Register, as instructed in paragraphs 1 (i) tor, 140 households to an enumerator in towns and 100 to 1 (v). households to an enumerator in difficult areas. Slight variations might be found here and there for unavoidable 7. It ""ould be found from the Block and Circle reasons in the formation of blocks. But the above Register, that the name and address of the Enumerators criteria have been substantially kept up. So far as in columns 4 and 10 and the name and address of the Supervisors are concerned both Genera! and Special Supervisors in column 6 have not been filled. TheSe have Blocks under fire or six Enumerators have been placed to be entered by you in the Register on the appointment of in one circle, to be attended to bv one Circle Super­ Enumerators and Supervisors for enumeration by you and visor. You will note that the blocks under each enu­ a charge list in the following form should be sent by you, merator, where there are more than one block unjer him to the Superintendent of Census Operations and the and the circl~ under each supervisor, have been denoted District Census Officer, within 10 days of the appoint­ by brackets in the Block and Circle Register. ment of the Enumerators and SUpervisors, i. e., on 10-9-1960. ]0. Although the enumerator is concerned with the census households in his block or blccks, a bloak is Name of the District...... Code No .....••...... always described with reference to the area covered by the Name of Taluk ...... Code No•...... buildings in the block. Thus )'ou wlIi find in the appoint­ ment form of Enumerators that the area allotted to an Name of the Municipal town! Enumerator is to be described with reference to the area Forest Division/Special Area ...... Code No ...... covered by the buildings allotted to him. It is to facilitate the filling up of the appointment forms and also to decide in which block a new household should be included, that the numbers of census buildings covered I Special Blocks by the block are .entered in column 4. Serial Name and Name and . Appointment of Enumerators and Circle Supervisors ill No. of address of the address ofthe Senal Name and General Blocks the Supervisor INo. of address of Bl",k Enum

96 APPENDIX XIII-contd.

preliminary lists were prepared at the rate of 100 house­ higher than that occupied by those appointed as Enu­ holds per Enumerator and 3 Enumerators per Supervisor. m~rators. Graduate teachers of high schools and This scale has since been modified and a large number of mIddle schools should always be preferred. households have been allotted to each Enumerator and 5 Enumerators to a Supervisor. It should therefore, be (ii) As far as possible, a person appointed as Enu­ possible no~v to find sufficient-number of aided and Govern­ merator should have a minimum qualification or ment school teachers and qualified hands from the lists S. S.L.~. or equivalent. But in areas, where teachers furnished by other departments to meet our requirements. from pnmary schools or from other departments who But, subsequent to the preparation of the preliminary lists p<;,ssess the abo:,e qualification are not sufficient, those of Supervisors and Enumerators there have been several WIth lower qualification may also be appointed from transfers. The preliminary lists have, therefore, to be among. them, pre.ference being given to those with higher brought up-to-date before actually making the appoint­ educatIOnal qualifications. ments. The Director of Public Instruction has informed me that the transfers of teachers wiJI be finalised by (iii) While recruiting teachers as Supervisors ana 22· 7-60 and the transfers thereafter will be extremely few Enumerators, preference should be given to teachers before March 1961. In the light of the above, the from Government schools of the place of operation. Tahsildars and Corporation/Municipal Commissioners are requested to get the preliminary lists of Circle Super­ (iv) As far as possible, persons should be appoint­ visors and Enumerators prepared by them made up-to-date ed for enumeration and supervision in the place of oper­ as on 30-7-1960 by contacting the Headmasters of the ation as near as possible to their residence. It is concerned schools. Along with getting the lists up-to-date, recognised that this may not be possible in all cases. they should also ascertain the qualifications of the tea­ The discretion of the Charge Officer has to be suitably chers and secure a list of teachers including female exercised in such cases. teachers not already included in the list. The Head­ masters may be addressed for the purpose immediately AppOintment of Enumerators and Supervisors for the and the list brought up-to-date before 15-8-1960. The Special Blocks heads of public offices from which you have received the list of their subordinates may also be asked to intimate 16. In the case of all special blocks, Enumerators may to you the changes, if any, in the lists sent by them, as on be appointed at the rate of one lor each institution 30-7-1960, before 15-8-1960. except re~idential hospitals, in consultation with the head of the institution. But so far as the sub-jails are concern­ 12. It is necessary that the Corporation/Municipal ed you will be informed in due course. In the case of Commissioners and the Tahsildars of their taluks should residential hospitals with more than 25 beds one Enumer­ act in close liaison in the preparation of the lists of ator should be appointed for every 100 beds in consultation Supervisors and Enumerators with a view to avoid over­ with the head of the institution, as it is proposed to lapping of hands. They should, therefore, consult each complete the enumeration in 2 days. In respect of Raj other before finalising the lists. Bhavan, Palace of H. H. the Maharaja of Travancore, Palace of H. H. the Maharaja of Cochin, the Secretary to H. E. the 13. So far as forest areas and special areas are con­ Governor, and the Private Secretaries to H. H. the cerned the Charge Officers have to appoint the Enumera­ Maharaja of Travancore and H. H. the Maharaja of tors and Supervisors from their own staff only and as such Cochin respectively. should be consulted before the no difficulty is anticipated in this behalf. nomination of the Enumerator. It has to be specially noticed by you that category (b) of special blocks refer­ 14. A few letters have been received by the Super­ red to under the head of special blocks should be treated intendent of Census Operations stating that the staff of as special blocks only if there are 25 or more inmates or the State Electricity Board is not spared for census opera­ accommodation for 25 or more inmates in such insti­ tions. The matter was taken up with the Chairman of the tutions. If the number of inmates is l('ss, such insti­ Electricity Board who has agreed as per his D. O. letter tutions should be placed under the general Enumerator. No. BS. 1 (C) 1157/59 dated 19-5-1960 to spare the Regarding the appointment of PolIce Officers in the services of the ministerial staff, and the executive staff special blocks containing Police Officers like Armed other than those engaged in projects and those of Reserve Camps and Police Training Schools, the State generating stations. sub-stations etc. The Charge Officers Gove!nment is b~ing addressed for concurrence. The may contact the concerned officers and get the lists of the actual appointment should be made only on rec~ipt of staff agreed to by the Chairman of the Kerala State the concurrence of the State Government. This does not Electricity Board. apply to any other special block. 15. Wherever there is dearth of hands in spite of draw­ General ing from the various sootces mentioned above, the Charge Officers should consult the District Collectors through the 17. The Charge Officers should complete the appoint­ District Census Officers and secure hands from private ment of the Enumerators and Circle Supervisors before 1st September 1960, and send up the charge list, as prescribed Estates, firms or other private sources. But great caution in this circular, before 10th September 1960. The time is necessary in engaging hands from these sources. ~chedule for the above operations is summed up below:- The following principles should be observed in the 1. The first report re­ 15th August 1960 selection of hands for appointment as Supervisors and garding the follow­ Enumerators:- up action on house­ list (i) A person who is appointed as Circle Super­ visor should at least be a graduate and be of a status Subsequent reports 10th of every month

97 APPENDIX XIII-concld.

Reports on events As and when the event 5. Appointment of Enu- Before 1-9-1960 between 1st February happens merators and Super- 1961 and 1st March visors for enumeration 1961 (Paragraph 1 (Paragraph 17 of this (i) to 1 (iv) of this Circular) Circular) 6. Sending up of the Before lQ-9-1960 2. Preparation of copies 15 days from the receipt charge list with the of the Block and of the Block and Circle names of the Super- Circle Register Register by the Charge visors and Enumerat- (Paragraph' 2 of this Officer ors to the Superintend- Circular) ent of Census Operat- ions (Paragraph 7 of 3. Corrections in the Within 15 days of the this Circular) houselist and Block receIpt of the Block and and Circle Register Circle Register after check up to be made and reported M. K. DEVASSY, I. A. S., (Paragraph 5 of this Circular) Superintendent 0/ Census Operations. 4. To get the preliminarY Before 15-8-1960 lists of teachers up-to­ date as on 30-7 -1960 by contacting the Copy to District Collector with C. L. Headmasters (Para­ Copy to District Census Officers graph 11 of this Circular)

APPENDIX XIV Office of tbe Superintendent of Census Operations, Kerala

CIRCULAR LETTER No. XX Trivandrum, dated 15th September 1960

Sir, DISTRIBUTION OF FORMS, TRAINING AND ENUMERATION Ref: Paragraphs 25 to 30 of Circular Letter No. I dated 4th December 1959

Items of Work up to the end of Enumeration ( i ) Distribution of forms and instructions (ii) Furnishing the Enumerators with ,he lists of 1. Circular letter No. XVII dated 25th July 1960 has buildings and households within their respective blocks dealt with the formation of blocks and circles and the appointment of Supervisors and Enumerators. It is ( iii ) Training the Supervisors and Enumerators presumed that by 1st October 1960 all the Supervisors (iv) Enumeration and Enumerators will be in position throughout the State. This Circular letter deals with the items of work (v) Collection and communication of the pro' remaining to be done after the appointment of Enumer­ visional totals 01' the population ators and Supervisors. As you are already aware, the These are dealt with below :- enumeration commences on 10th February 1961 and ends on 28th Febrtlary 1961. This will be followed by Distribution of Forms and Instructions the revisional round and communication of provisional totals of the population. The dates for the revisional 2. The distribution of forms and instructions to the round were previously fixed as 1st to 3rd March. But Supervisors and Enumerators will be channelled through these dates have since been changed as 2nd March 1961 the Charge Officers. Necessary cooies for this purpose to 5th March 1961 as the 1st of March happens to be will be sent initially by the Superintendent of Census the Holi festival. The enumeration work as well as the Operations to the Charge Officers. These will include a preparation for the same caJl tor utmost enthusiasm and reserve of 15 % in the case of forms and a smaller care on the part of the District Census Officers. Charge reserve in the case of instructions to Enumerators. The Officers. Supervisors and Enumerators. The following District Census Officers will also be supplied with a are the main items of work to be attended to :- reserve of 5 % of the forms and a smaller percentage of 98 APPENDIX XIV-contd.

instructions. These reserves are to be utilised in cases lam, Tamil and Kannada copies if found necessary. For of emergencies. All the copies of forms and instructions purposes of enumeration the instructions to Enumerators will be sent in lorries with a clerk of the District Census given in Malayalam, Tamil or Kannada copies should Office. The receipt of these should be acknowledged alone be followed. This aspect may be explained by the then and there in the printed receipt forms sent with the Charge Officers to the Supervisors and Enumerators in the clerk, keeping an office copy. When these are distributed training classes. to the Supervisors, the Charge Officers should take acknowledgments from the Supervisors and the Super­ (b) INDIVIDUAL SLIPS IN BLACK INK visors in their turn shouid take the acknowledgments from the Enumeratots. No office copy of the acknowledgments 4. These forms which are meant for the enumeration will be kept by the Supervisors and Enumerators. But of the persons are supplied in pads of 25 and 100 in when the forms are returned after enumeration the English, Malayalam, Tamil and Kannada. The English acknowledgments taken from the Enumerators should be forms are to be utilised in special areas like Military and returned by the Supervisors and those taken from the Naval areas, the Tamil forms in Devicolam, Peermade Supervisors should be returned by the Charge Officers. and Udumbanchola taluks and the Kannada forms in As the instructions and forms are printed keeping in Kasaragod and Hosdrug taluks only. The Malayalam view the necessary targets and further printing of these forms are to be used in all other areas and to some extent is not possible, every precaution should be taken to ensure in the taluks for which the Tamil and Kannada forms their economic use avoiding all wastage. It is also are supplied to supplement the Tamil and Kannada forms essential that while making the supply to the Supervisors in these areas. and Enumerators the Charge Officers prepare proper estimates so that shortages and surpluses are guarded 5. Each Enumerator should be given individual slips against. It should be noted that surpluses in supply equal to the population of his block or blocks revealed will lead to unnecessary locking up of forms with the by the houselist plus 3% of that number. In the case of enumerators in some areas leading to shortages in other District Headquarters towns and Mattancherry Municipal cases, which it might be difficult to make up at the last area where special Enumerators are proposed to be ap­ moment. The reserves are to be drawn carefully to meet p,?inted for the enumeration of the houseless population, actual shortages from time to time. After making the slIps equal to 1(2% of the houselist population of these initial supply the Supervisors should check up the pro­ towns may be distributed among the special Enumerators gress in the utilisation of forms before 20th Februarv 1961 i? suitable proportion to enumerate the houseless popula­ and indent for more forms to the Charge Officers if found tIOn in these areas. In other areas no special supply is absolutely necessary having regard to the number of necessary for the hcuseless popUlation as the enumeration households so far enumerated and remains to be enu­ of the houseless popUlation is done by the normal merated. If there is any possibility of there being a Enumerators themselves. large surplus as many of the pads of forms as could be spared without risk may be returned at that stage to the 6. As the individual slips are supplied in pads of 100 Charge Officers so that the Charge Officers may make and 25 the supply to each enumerator should be estimated use of them in other areas. While sending indents for in terms of these pads. It should be specially noted that fresh supply of forms the Supervisor should make a a pad should not be used by the enumerator ror more report explaining clearly the grounds on which he makes than one block under him. In other words, if some slips his demand indicating the number of households re­ in a pad remain surplus when he closes the enumeration maining to be enumerated and the stock position. The in one block those slips cannot be used for the enumera­ basis on which the estimates should be prepared by the tion of the next block even though that enumeration is Charge Officers for the distribution of the forms and done by the same Enumerator. Hence when an Enumerator instructions to the Supervisors and Enumerators is given comes to the close of the enumeration in a block, he below in respect of important items. For items not should estimate whether he should take a pad of 100 slips covered by these, the estimates may be prepared by the or only of 25 slips or even 2 pads of 25 slips. This wi!l Charge Officers having regard to the general principles ensure economy in the use of individual slips and avoid­ indicated above. ance of wastage. Hence, when the Charge Officers distribute the pads care should be taken to ensure that each (a) INSTRUCTIONS TO ENUMERATORS Enumerator is given a minimum of one or two pads of 25 slips for each blqck under him. Indeed, more may be 3. These are supplied in Malayalam, Tamil and given if the supply position permits. Similarly, in the Kannada in two volumes and in English in one volume. case of Enumerators of special blocks in some cases it A copy each of the two volumes in Malayalam and one may not be necessary to give pads of 100 if the number volume lin English is to be supplied to all Supervisors and of people in such blocks is too small. To them also pads Enumerators. Besides these, a copy each of both the of 25 slips may be supplied as far as possible and neces­ volumes in Kannada is to be given to the SUpervisors sary. While the Charge Officers should bear in mind the and Enumerators of the taluks of Kasaragod and Hosdrug above aspects in the distribution of these forms, the . and those in Tamil to the Supervisors and Enumerators Supervisors should specially see that the Enumerators do of the Devicolam, Peermade and Udumbanchola taluks. not use one pad in more than one block and wherever The District Census Officers and Charge Officers will be possible the use of pads of hundred slips is avoided on given 5 copies and 3 copies respectively of the Malayalam reaching the close of the enumeration in a block and and English copies and Tamil and Kannada copies wher­ instruct the Enumerators accordingly. ever necessary. So far as the instructions in English are concerned, they being centrally issued, do not contain 7. All the pads have to be distributed in the serial local instructions and hence are not as exhaustive as the order of the numbers on the pads supplied to each Charge instructions in Malayalam, Tamil and Kannada. They Officer. All the pads of 25 slips will be supplied, should, therefore be used only for the verification of numbered from the Office of the Superintendent of Census English terms corresponding to those used in the Malaya- . Operations. The pads of hundred slips will be supplied 99 APPENDIX XIV--contd.

to the Charge Officers without the number being written pages. The Abstracts of Household Schedules have been on them. But such pads are bound in separate bundles numbered in the serial order for pads of 50 and 25 on each of which the number of the pads will be written. separately for each language and bundled also accordingly. The Charge Officers on receipt of these bundles should get When pasted on the pads these numbers will be the number the number written on each pad in the serial order starting of pads. Care should be taken to see that Abstracts of and ending with the numbers written on the bundles. E.g .• Household Schedules taken from the bundles meant for if the number on the bundles is 301 to 450 and 451 to 600 pads of 25 are pasted only on pads of 25 and those taken the numbers on the pads shOuld start with 301 and end from the bundles meant for pads of 50 are pasted only on with 600. pads of 50. Otherwise the serial order will be disturbed. The distribution of Household Schedules to each 8. As stated earlier, in the bilingual taluks of Enumerator should be done in the order of the serial Kasaragod, Hosdrug, Devicolam, Peermade and Udumban­ number of pads in each language. It may be noted that chola, individual slips are supplied in two languages, viz., the serial number allotted is for the whole State and not in Kannada and Malayalam in the Kasaragod and Hosdrug for each charge. As such, the serial order of pads in one taluks and in Tamil and Malayalam in the Devicolam, charge may start with 1 while that of another charge Peermade and Udumbanchola taluks. Due to the sprinkl­ might start with 2000 etc. ing of the Kannada or Tamil or Malayalam speaking population in the different parts of these taluks it is not (d) ABSTRACTS OF HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULES AND EXPLANATION possible to estimate the number of people speaking each OF ABBREVIATIONS IN BLACK INK language in the various blocks. As such it is not possible to estimate the number of slips in each language for each 11. The decision to have these on the Household Enumerator. Each Enumerator will therefore, have to Schedule pads was taken by the Registrar General only use the forms in both the languages in the taluks of after the printing of these forms were started. As such, it Kasaragod, Devicolam, Peermade and Udumbanchola. In has been decided to paste the Abstract of the Household the case of Hosdrug taluk if the Charge Officer thinks it Schedule on the front cover of the Household Schedule is possible to consider any area as exclusively Malayalam pads and the Explanation of Abbreviations on the back­ speaking, Malayalam forms alone may be distributed to side of the cover page of the Household Schedule pads. the Enumerators in that area. But ill other areas of the Please note the instructions regarding the serial order tal uk both Malayalam and Kannada forms should be given in the previous paragraph. The pasting of these distributed. It is also made clear that the Enumerators should be done in the office of the Charge Officer before in the above taluks are at perfect liberty to use a Malaya­ issue. lam form for a Kannada or Tamil speaking person or a Kannada form for a Malayalam speaking person. If this 12. Both the Abstracts of Household Schedules and liberty is not exercised, there will be shortage of forms in Explanation of Abbreviations will be supplied in the same one language or the other which should be avoided. If an languages as in the case of Household Schedules and in Enumerator does not know Malayalam he can make use of equal number as the pads in each language. The serial the sample forms in Kannada either given in his book of number on the Abstracts will also be separate for each Kannada instructions or the forms supplied to him separate­ language. ly to identify the columns in the MaJa)'alam forms and (e) BLOCK ABSTRACT IN BLACK INK fill up the forms in Kannada or Tamil as the case may be. The Charge Officers and Supervisors should instruct the 13. This form is to be filled up in respect of each Enumerators in these areas accordingly. The Charge block or blocks under an Enumerator and submitted to Officers will decide the number of forms in each language the Supervisor after enumeration. Hence as m:my forms to each Enumerator of these areas in proportion to the as there are blocks under each Enumerator should be number of forms received by them in Malayalam and supplied. The forms are supplied in English to Special areas Tamil or Kannada as the case may be. and in Malayalam to the charges other than Kasaragod. Hosdrug, Devicolam, Peermade and Udumbanchola. So (c) HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULES IN BLACK INK far as Kasaragod taluk is concerned Kannada forms will be supplied. For Hosdrug taluk both Kannada and 9. These forms are meant to be filled up at the rate Malayalam forms will be supplied. Both Malayalam and of one form each for a household. They are supplied in Tamil forms will be supplied to the taluks of Devicolam. pads of 50 and 25 forms and in the same languages as in Peermade and Udumbanchola. The Charge Officers may the case of individual slips. Each Enumerator should be decide as to whom the Kannada or Tamil forms should given household schedule forms at the rate of one-fifth of be supplied. To the rest, the Malayalam forms may be the number of individual slips given to him. These given. The number of Kannada and Tamil forms are requirements should be worked out in terms of the number limited to the supply made. of pads. The principles relating to the language distribu­ tion of these forms are the same as mentioned in the case ( f) BLOCK LABEl. IN BLACK INK of individual slips in the above paragraph. The distribu­ tion of the pads of 25 should also be on the same basis 14. One copy each has to be supplied for each block as in the case of individual slips mentioned in the previous under an Enumerator. This is to be filled up and pasted paragraph. Here also it should be noted that one pad on the bundle of Census records in respect of each block cannot be used for more than one block under an under an Enumerator. All the forms are printed in Enumerator as in the case of pads of individual slips. English and Malayalam on the same form to be distributed The Charge Officers and Supervisors should instruct the in all the areas irrespective of language considerations. Enumerators accordingly. (g) CIRCLE LABEL IN BLACK INK 10. The Household Schedule pads should be distri­ buted only after pasting the Abstract of the Household 15. One label each has to be given to the Circle Schedules and Explanation of Abbreviations on the cover SUpervisors to be pasted on the bundle of the Census

100 APPENDIX XIV-contd. records relating to each circle. All the forms are in is any SUpervisor or Enumerator who does not know English. In the case of a Circle Supervisor of the reserve Kannada necessary Malayalam copies may be supplied forests he should be given as many forms as there are from the reserve of the Charge Officer. In the Hosdrug taluks covering his range. . taluk the Kannada copies may be supplied to such Super­ visors and Enumerators who do not know Malavalam (h) HOUSELl~T EXTRACT IN BLACK INK limited to the number supplied and to the rest Malayalam copies may be given. In the taluks of Devicolam, 16. This form is meant to copy the lists of buildings Peermade and Udumbanchola, Tamil or Malayalam and household schedules falling within each block from copies may be supplied to the Supervisors and Enumerators the house list. The lIsts pertaining to the block or blocks at the discretion of the Charge Officer. under an Enumerator should be supplied to him. On an average 4 forms will be required for one Enumerator. In RED INK FORMS FOR TRAINING ~saragod and Hosdrug taluks one of the forms to be (n) INDIVIDUAL SLIPS IN RED INK suppJied to each Enumerator should be in Kannada, the rest being in Malayalam. The Kannada forms will be 22. Each SUpervisor is to be given one pad of 25 used as the facing sheet of the list. In the taluks of individual slips of red ink forms. The forms are supplied Devicolam, Peermade and Udumbanchola also one of the either in English or Malayalam. They may be distnbuted foruns to an Enumerator will be in Tamil as far as irrespective of language considerations. Each Enumerator possible and the rest in Malayalam. is to be given one pad of 50 individual slips. These pads are to be supplied in Malayalam in areas other than (i) PROGRESS REPORT FORMS OF TRAINING FOR Kasaragod, Hosdrug, Devicolam, Peermade and Udumban­ ENUMERATION IN BLACK INK chola taluks, III 1

101 APPENDIX XIV-contd.

Furnishing the Enumerators with the Lists of Buildings and charge and explanation of the instructions for enumera­ Households within their respective Blocks tion. The second day will be devoted to practical enumeration by the Charge Officers and the scrutiny of the 29. It is essential that each Enumerator should be forms ~lled up by them by the Superintendent of Census supplied with a list of households he has to enumerate. OperatIOns and the remarks thereon. The training of the It may be that during the course of enumeration he might Deputy SUperintendents of Census Operations, District come across new households whicb have cropped up after Census Officers and Charge Officers will be completed by the preparation of the houselists. The Enumerator should 5th October 1960. then include those housebolds also in the list in consulta­ tion with the Supervisor. The houselist extract proposed TRAINING OF SUPERVISORS AND ENUMERATORS AND to be given to an Enumerator will contain extracts of TRAINING SAMPLE CENSUS FOR SUPERVISORS columns 2, 3, 4, 5, 11 and 12 of the houselist relating to the area covered by his block or blocks. These forms 32. Coming to the training of Supervisors and Enu­ will be filled up by the Supervisor with reference to the merators there will be 3 rounds of training and one rouid houselist kept in the Charge Office and supplied to the of check up classes by the Superintendent of Census Enumerators. When an Enumerator is allotted more than ~perations ..A.s soon as the training of the Charge Officers one block he should be given a seperate extract in respect IS over a trammg class for Supervisors should be held by of each block. One important aspect to be noted in them on 15th October 1960. This should be followed by preparing these extracts is that new households which a Training Sample Census of Supervisors which should be have come up in each block between the date of the held on 25th October 1960 throughout the State. The class preparation of the houselist and the preparation of the for the Supervisors should be over well in time before extracts should be included in the extract. The Charge holding this Training Sample Census. On the completion Officers have been instructed in Circular Letter No. XVII of this Training Sample Census the forms should be sent dated 25-7-1960 to enter the numbers of these households by the Supervisors to the Charge Officers the very next on the right hand side of the Block and Circle Register in day. The Charge Officers should scrutinise them and red ink and also to enter them in the houselist beyond issue a review of these forms before 1st November 1960. the last number of the concerned Kara, Desom, or Muri Copies of these reviews should be sent to the Superintend­ or Ward or Range. The Charge Officer should check up ent of Census Operations, District Census Officers and Whether the new households have been entered in the Deputy Superintendents of Census Operations of the area Block and Circle Register accordingly and see that the concerned. After the issue of this review the Charge Supervisor who prepares the extract includes the parti­ Officers should hold another class for Supervisors and culars of these new households also in the extract. discuss the defects found in the Training Sample Census Instructions have also been given in Circular Letter No. of the Supervisors and coach them up thoroughly for XVII dated 25-7-1960 that the Charge Officer should in­ f~ture work. This second round of classes for the Super­ form the Supervisors of the changes in the houselist sub­ Visors should be held at least in 3 centres conveniently sequent to the preparation of the houselist extracts to be distributed in each taluk. In the case of Corporation/ incorporated in the houselist extracts from time to time. Municipal Commissioners, the Divisional Forest Officers The Supervisor on getting this information should inform and Charge Officers of &pecial areas the number of centres the Enumerators of the changes and see that these changes where classes have to be held for the Supervisors may be are incorporated in the houselist extracts. The Charge decided by the respective Charge Officers as it may not be Officers and Supervisors should note that the houselist necessary to have as many centres as in the case of tal{iks. extract is a basic document of supreme importance. These classes should be held between 5th November and 20th November 1960. Simultaneously with the training Training of Supervisors, the Charge Officers should programme the training of Enumerators and complete the first round of 30. The basic forms which have to be filled up in training before 20th November 1960. Each Tahsildar enumeration are the household schedules, the population should hold one class each for the Enumerators at 10 centres record on the reverse of the household schedule and the in his taluk conveniently distributed. The villages covered individual slips. Though the questions included in these by each centre should be shown in the programme. The forms appear to be simple at the first sight they are not training of Enumerators in all the 10 centres should be so as one would imagine them to be. Under each question completed between 20th October and 20th November 1960. detailed instructions have to be given and all the officers, In the case of Corporation/Municipal Commissioners particularly Supervisors and Enumerators have to be Divisional Forest Officers and Charge Officers of speciai thorough with the instructions before filling up the forms. areas the number of these centres may be less and fixed by Otherwise the chances are that either the forms will be the Charge Officers themselves taking into consideration spoiled or enumeration will be incomplete or incorrect. the distance to be covered by the Enumerators. The target To ensure a proper enumeration as stated above it is date of 20th November for completion of the first round absolutely essential that thorough training should be im­ of training to Enumerators will apply to these officers parted to the entire census staff of the State. also. All the Charge Officers should send a copy of the training programme for Supervisors and Enumerators TRAINING OF DISTRICT CENSUS OFFICERS AND CHARGE to the District Census Officers, Deputy Superintendents OFFICERS of Census Operations and the Superintendent of Census Operations before 15th October 1960. 31. The training of District Census Officers, Deputy Superintendents of Census Operations and Charge Officers FIRST TRAINING SAMPLE CENSUS FOR ENUMERATORS will be imparted by the Superintendent of Census Opera­ tions. A programme for this training is enclosed here­ 33. It is proposed to hold two Training Sample Censuses with. Along with this training the Charge Officers will for Enumerators, the idea being that between the first be required to fill up SOme forms. It is for this purpose Training Sample Census and the second Training Sample that the training is posted to two days. The first day will Census some more training classes will be held for the be devoted to the review of the work so far done in each Enumerators by the District Census Officers or Deputy 102 APPENDIX XIV-contd. Superintendents of Census Operations and one check up Training Sample Census will be returned along with those class by the Superintendent of Census Operations. As a of the first Training Sample Census to the Supervisors ~ result of this second round of training the Enumerators next day of the Training Sample Census i.e., on 11th would have gained some more experience and in ·the light January 1961. The Supervisors will review these and send of the experience gained, a second Training Sample Census the reviews to the Charge Officers along with the pads would prove more useful and successful. The first Train­ before 15th January 1961. The Charge Officers will there­ ing Sample Census for the Enumerators will be held on upon consolidate the reviews of Supervisors and send 25th November 1960. The red ink forms for the purpose their own reviews to the Distict Census Officers, and will be supplied to the Charge Officers who should distri­ Deputy Superintendents of Census Operations of the area bute them throu$h the Supervisors to the Enumerators. concerned and the Superintendent of Census Operations These forms will consist of a pad each of 10 household before 20th January 1961. The Disirict Census Officers schedules and a pad each of 50 individual slips for one and Deputy Superintendents of Census Operations should Enumerator. Only half of these should be used in the review these reviews of Charge Officers and send their first Training Sample Census. The remaining half of the own observations to the Charge Officers. number of the schedules and slips in each pad will be left as such without being used. The Supervisor should THIRD ROUND OF TRAINING supervise this Training Sample Census. The remaining red ink forms other than individual slips and household 36. The Charge Officers will then hold the third and schedules mentioned in this Circular which have to be filled the final round of training of the Supervisors and Enu­ up by the Enumerators may also be filled up in this merators. During this final round they should take parti­ Training Sample Census. The household schedules and cular care to deal with all the defects noted in the two individual slips filled up during this Training Sample Training Sample Censuses and coach up the Supervisors Census should not be tom off but the pads along with the and Enumerators with such thoroughness that they will blank forms will be handed over to the Supervisor, the never commit mistakes in enumeration thereafter. For the very next day of the Training Sample Census. The purpose of this training the Tahsildar should hold cla~ses Enumerator should fin up the Enumerator's Abstract on at least in 8 centres in a taluk and the Corporation/Muni­ the pad and also write his name and sign at the bottom of cipal Commissioners, Divisional Forest Officers and the pad to facilitate identification for the return of the Charge Officers of special areas in as many centres as pads. The Supervisors will ellamine these forms and they think desirable and necessary. This training should prepare a review of the defects noted in filling up the be started on 18th January 1961 and completed before 8th forms. This review will be sent to the Charge Officer so February 1961. All the Charge Officers should send a as to reach him positively before 1st December 1960. The copy of their programme of this training to the Superint­ Charge Officer will consolidate the reviews and send copies endent of Census Operations, the District Census Officers to the District Census Officer and Deputy Superintendent and the Deputy Superintendents of Census Operations of Census Operations of the area concerned and the concerned on 12th January 1961. Superintendent of Cen5us Operations. When the Super­ visors come for the check up class of the Superintendent of CHECK UP CLASSES BY TIIE SUPERINTENDENT OF Census Operations they should bring with them the pads CENSUS OPERATIONS filled up during the first Training Sample Census by the 37. After the first Training Sample Census, the Super­ Enumerators. intendent of Census Operations will be visiting every SECOND ROUND OF TRAINING CLASSES taluk headquarters where he will be holding check up classes for Supervisors and Enumerators. All the Charge 34. The second round of training classes will be held Officers in each taluk are requested to inform the Super­ by the District Census Officers and Deputy Superintendent visors ancJeEnumerators of their respective charges of Census Operations. The taluks in charge of Deputy including Corporation/Municipal towns a ld Forest Divi­ Superintendents of Census Operations and District Census sions of these classes and see that the! are present for Officers for the purpose of this training are appended to them. The programme of the classes to be held by the this Circular. The training classes by the District Census Superintendent of Census Operations is enclosed herewith. Officers and Deputy Superintendents of Census Operations The Deputy Superintendents of Census Operations, District should be held at least in 3 centres in each taluk. Both Census Officers and Charge Officers are requested to see Supervisors and Enumerators should attend these classes. that they fix their programmes of training without conflict The Charge Officers should also be present. This second with the dates mentioned for each taluk in the programme round of training should commence on 5th December 1960 of the Superintendent of Census Operations. and completed before 5th January 1961. The District Census Officers and the Deputy Superintendents of Census 38. The training classes to be held by the Charge Operations should send a copy of the training programme Officers, District Census Officers and Deputy Superintend­ to the Superintendent of Census Operations before 1st ents of Census Operations and Superintendent of Census December 1960. Operations should be held in convenient halls with ade­ quate seating arrangements. Black boards should also SECOND TRAINING SAMPLE CENSUS be available in the hall. The Tahsildars of the respective taluks are requested to make these arrangements in 35. The second round of training to Enumerators connection with the classes to be held by the Superintend­ should be followed by the second Training Sample Census ent of Census Operations, Deputy Superintendent of of Enumerators. For this purpose the pads which were Census Operations and District Census Officers. The collected by the Supervisors after the first Training Sample Director of Public Instruction is being addressed to give Census will be returned to the Enumerators and the necessary instructions to the educational authorities to Enumerators should fill up the remaining forms which place a suitable hall for this purpose on demand by the were not filled up in the first Training Sample Census. Tahsildars, the Corporation/Municipal Commissioners or The date of this Training Sample Census is fixed as 10th the Divisional Forest Officers of the concerned area. January 1961. The forms filled up during the second The District Census Officers, Deputy Superintendents of

103 APPENDIX XIV-contd.

Census Operations and the Charge Officers are requested 42. Enumeration in the following institutions will be to particularly bear in mind that the training plays the done on the dates shown against them. Wherever these most important rol~ in preparing the wound for I?rop<:r institutions have not been constituted as special blocks the enumeration. DUrIng the house numberIng operatIOns It general Enumerator should attend to their enumeration. has been the experience of the Superintendent of Census (n the case of spe;::ial blocks the special Enumerators should Operations that in spite of the detailed instructions issued in attend to enumeration. connection with the house numbering operations there were several cases where house numbering was done incorrectly Institutions Dates and inadequately and detailed check up and revision were Residential hotels including 26th and 27th Febru­ found necessary to bring the houselists in order. There is rest houses, Dak Bungalows, ary 1961 no chance for such a revision in the actual enumeration. Inspection Bungalows, and Whatever that is done is final and the mistakes committed similar institutions which are will be detected in the post-enumeration check. It is, . meant for temporary halts therefore, absolutely necessary that chances for incorrect and inadequate enumeration are strictly avoided by Residential hospitals includ­ 26th, 27th and if thorough training aud effective supervision. The Super­ ing T. B. Sanatoria, Leprosy necessary 28th Febru­ visors are requested to remember that it is their part to Hospitals or Asylums, Central ary 1961 exercise the closest ·possible supervision over enumerators Jails, Sub-Jail~, Mental Hospit­ and avoid flaws and incompleteness in the enumeration als, Penal Institutions, Rescue within their circles. Homes, Borstal Schools, Refor- matories and lock-ups Enumeration 43. In the case of persons travelling in native boats or 39. The 1961 Census count will relate to the sunrise steamboats or other inland power vessels, sea crafts etc. of 1st March 1961. The count will be spread over a there is a chance of their being away from their homes for period of 19 days beginning with 10th February 1961 and a pretty long time and hence not being enumerated. It is, ending with 28th February 1961. During the period from thererore, proposed to enumerate the persons, travelling in 2nd March to 5th March 1961 a second round of visits to these who have not been enumerated elsewhere on the day every household should be made by the Enumerators to and night of 26th February 1961. The Cha'rge Officers verify whether the enumeration has been completed in all should get a list of the landing places in their charges and respects and record births that have taken place between communicate the same to the Supervisors so far as their the time of the first visit by the Enumerator and the sunrise jurisdiction is concerned. The Supervisors should furnish of 1st March 1961 and cancel the slip of any person who the same to the Enumerators. The Enumerators will do has died during the same period. Any visitor in any the count in these landing places. household who has come to stay- during the same period and has not been enumerated elsewhere should also be ~4. T~e attention of the Charge Officers and Supervis­ enumerated during this revisional round; but no notice ors IS speCIally drawn to the following additional instruc­ should be taken of any birth or death or visit occurring tions which could not be incorporated in the 1st volume of after the sunrise of 1st March 1961. instructions to enumerators but have been added in the second volume of the instructions. The corrections indi­ 40. Detailed instructions for enumeration have been cat~d in the second vo!ume may be actualiy got incorporat­ given in the instructions issued in two volumes in Malaya­ ed III the first volume Itself during the training class. lam, Tamil and Kannada. These instructiops should be strictly followed. The English copies of the instructions _ _(~) After th~ instructions under question 4 (b) of the need not be used except for verification of the terms used llldIvldual slIp, VIZ, born R/U add the following:- in the instructions in regional languages. For special areas, however, English instructions will be rendered "If the person enumerated is not in a position to say complete anrJ given for guidance. whether the place of birth is a village or town write the name of the place of birth as returned by him. It is not 41. It has been decided to enumerate the houseless necessary to write R/U in such cases against this population in every block on the night of 28th February question. " 1961. A list of places in every block where the houseless (2) At the end of the general instructions for quest­ persons usually spend their nights should be prepared by ions 8 to II add the following:- the Enumerators and handed over by the Supervisor to the Charge Officer before 20th February 1961. The Enumerat­ " After you have filled up the answers of' questions 8 or of every general block except in the district head· to 11, if you find that in the case of any person more than quarters towns and Mattancherry town should visit all the one productive activity has been recorded i. e., more than places where houseless persons resort to at night on the one of the questions, 8, 9, 10 or 11 has been filled up by 28th February 1961 and enumerate them. In the case of some work you should ask him which one of the activities the district headquarters towns and Mattancherry special that has been recorded for him is his principal work. Enumerators will be appointed to enumerate the houseless persons on the night of 28th February 1961 and the Enumer­ It may be that in a few cases you find that you have ators of the general blocks need not attend to this work. It recorded more than two productive activities in questions is not necessary to fill up household schedules for house­ 8 to 11 i. e., more than two of the questions, out of 8 to less people; only individual slips need be filled up for 11, would have been filled up by some work. In such them. Seperate instructions will be issued for giving cases you ~hould first ascertain the principal work, i.e., the police help to ensure the safety of the Enumerators during one on whIch the person spends most time and put a ring the enumeration of the houseless population. The Charge round the number of the Question. You should then Officers of dIstrict headquarters and Mattancherry may ascertain the work which is the next in importance to his appoint special Enumerators for this purpose. principal work i. e., the work after his principal work

104 APPENDIX XIV-contd.

which occupies most time. You should put a tick against Census Operations and the District Census Officer simul­ the question number of that work on the right hand side taneously. The first report should reach them on 27th of the question number. The ring and the tick should be Janual} 1961, the second report on 6th February 1961 and put clearly so that any difficulty will not be felt to re- the thIrd report on 9th February 1961. The District cognise them clearly". _ Census Officers, Charge Officers and Deputy Superintend­ ents of Census vperations should supervise the conduct of 45. (3) For the words' residential hotels' used in the the Training Sample Census and enumeration as far as ~hedule occurring in paragraph 97 of page 46 of the Instruc­ possible. tIOns to Enumerators in Malayalam read "Residential ~otels, Travellers' Bungalows, Sathroms etc. ", and under Progress Reports on Enumeration Item.2 of the same schedule add "lock-ups, leprosy hospItals, or asylums, T B. Sanatoria and reformat­ 51. The Supervisors shOUld send the progress reports ories ". to the ~harge Officers every third day till the last week 46. (4) It has been decided to take a Census of and dally reports during the last week. The dates for the persons holding technical degrees or diplomas equivalent submission of these reports by the Supervisors to the to degrees during the enumeration of the 1961 Census. Charge Officers are 13th,16th, 19th, 22nd, 25th, 26th, 27th The Charge Officers will be supplied with the necessary and 28th February 1961. The Charge Officers should send numb.er of cards for the purpose. These cards should be their reports simultaneously to the Superintendent of suppbed at the rate of 20 cards per Enumerator. The Census Operations, the District Census Officer and the con­ Enumerators should be instructed to leave the necessary cerned Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations on number of cards in each household where there are 16th, 19th, 23rd, 25th, 27th and 28th February 1961. On technical graduates or holders of diplomas equivalent to the 28th February 1961, the Supervisor should give a such degrees with instructions to fill up the same and completion report to the Charge Officer by telegram and hand over the same to the Enumerator when he comes for the Charge Officer should send the completion report to the revisional round. The Enumerators should collect the SUperintendent of Census Operations, the District them in the revisional round and submit to the Supervisor Census Officer and the concerned Deputy Superintendent and the Supervisor to the Charge Officer. In case the of Census Operations simultaneouslY on 28th February cards have not been filled up by the time the Enumerat­ 1961, by telegram. or pays his second round of visit he should leave instruc­ tions to fill up the same and send them to the Superintendent 52. The progress reports of the revisional rounds of Census Operations, Trivandrum, Kerala. It is not should be made daily by the Supervisors to the Charge necessary to affix stamps on these cards. The Enumerator Officers on the 2nd, 3rd 4th and 5th March 1961 and the should not compel anyone to fill up these cards but it Charge Officers should send similar reports on the 3rd, 4th, should be left to the goodwill of the persons concerned. 5th and 6th March 1961 simultaneously to the Superint· endent of Census Operations, District Census Officer and 47. (5) Non-Indian nationals, who are members of the concerned Deputy Superintendent of Census Opera­ the staff of Diplomatic and Consular Missions in India of tions. These reports should be sent by the Charge Officers foreign and Commonwealth countries stationed in and Supervisors by express cover. Bombay, Madras, West Bengal and Delhi and members of Provisional Totals their families should be excluded from the scope of the census enumeration. But Indian nationals residing in 53. The enumeration and revisional round will be the premises occupied by the above personnel or employed over on 28th February 1961 and 5th March 1961 respect­ in the foreign mission should be enumerated. ively. On the completion of the revisional round the Enumerators should submit in person the census records Progress Reports on Trailting of each block bundled up separately along with the block abstract for each block to the Circle Supervisors on the 48. For the first round of training fortnightly reports evening of 5th March 1961. The Circle Supervisors should should be sent by the Charge Officers to the District submit the census records relating to their circles to the Census Officers and the District Census Officers should Charge Officers in person along with the Circle Summary consolidate the reports and send the same to the Superint­ before the evening of 6th March 1961. In the case of endent of Census OperatIOns. The first report ot the Circle Supervisors of the reserve forest areas the census Charge Officers should reach the District Census Officers records relating to the portion of the circle lying in each on 5·11-1960 and that of the District Census Officers taluk should be bundled seperately and a Circle Summary should reach the Superintendent of Census Operations on should be prepared for the forest area of the range lying 8-11-1960. The second report should reach the District in each taluk. The Charge Officers on receipt of the census Census Officers on 22-11-1960 and that of the District records and the Circle Summaries should send the pro­ Census Officers should reach the Superintendent of Census visional totals relating to their charges by express telegram Operations on 25-11-1960. These reports should also to the concerned District Census Officers in the following deal with the training of Supervisors. form on 8th March 1961. 49. The District Census Officers and Deputy Superint­ Name of the charge- (Here enter the name of the endents of Census Operations should send fortnightly taluk or Municipal town or reports to the Superintendent of ,Census Operations on forest division or special the second round of training conducted by them. The first area as the case may be) report should reach the Superintendent jJf Census Opera­ Total No. of Males tions on 20th December 1960 and the second report on 10th January 1961. Total No. of Male Literates 50. The Charge Officers should send weekly reports Total No. of Females on the third round of training to the Superintendent of Total No. of Female Literates

105 APPENDIX XIV --cont d.

Total No. of Males and Females ed that no expenditure should be incurred by sending Total No. of Male and Female Literates messengers for the distribution of forms to the Supervis, ors and Enumerators. The instructions to the Supervisors wi1l have to be .~ent by post. The instructions and red ink Charge Officer forms for the Enumerator:> as well as the red ink forms for the Supervisors should be distributed in the 1st train­ In the case of the Charge Officers of the forest divi­ ing class held for Supervisors who should arrange for their sions, in cases where the forest division falls in more distribution to the Enumerators. The black ink forms than one district the provisional totals will have to be may be sent to the Supervisors for distribution to the sent to each District Census Officer concerned. As stated Enumerators with the Village Officers who come every above the Circle Supervisors of the forest areas viz., the week to remit the kist III the case of taluks. The Division, Forest Rangers should submit the Circle Summaries to al Forest Officers may also make similar arrangements. the Charge Officers talukwise. These Summaries will In the case of Corporation/Municipal Towns. the Super­ enable the Charge Officers of the Forest Divisions t~ pre­ visors can take the forms from the Corporation/Municipal pare the provisional totals for each district. The District Office itself. The Supervisors and Enumerators will be Census Officers should on receipt of the provisional totals paid an honorarium to meet thC'ir out of pocket expendi. from the various Charge Officers, inform by express tele­ ture. This is being fixed in consuitation with the State grams the Registrar General in his address ,. REGGEN­ Government. No separate T. A. will be paid for the LIND NEW DELHI", and the Superintendent of Census journeys undertaken by them in connection with census Operations ill his address "CENKERLA TRIVANDRUM" work including training etc. In the case of reserve simultaneously the provisional totals of the above items Enumerators who are not posted for actual enumeration for their district before the evening of 9th March 1961. the question of paying T. A. to them instead of honorarium Under no circumstances should the submission of pro­ is under consideration. The allocation of certain taluks visional totals on the respective dates be delayed. Any for the second round of training to the Deputy Superint­ deJay wiil be viewed with utmost seriousness. endents of Census Operations does not take away the jurisdiction of the District Cen~us . ~fficers fro~ tbose Freezing of the Transfer of the Census Officers taluks either for the conduct of trammg classes III those areas or for supervision there. Tbe work of the Deputy 54. A copy of the Government order freezing the Superintendents of Census OperatIOns is meant only to transfer of District Census Officers, Charge Officers, supplement, what is done by the District Census Officers. Supervisors and Enumerators from 15th September 1960 The Deputy Superintendents of Census Operations should upto 31st March 1961 is enclosed herewith. The Charge send notes of theIr supervision for necessary action to the Officers should immediately send a list of Supervisors and District Census Officers and the Superintendent of Census Enumerators to the officers competent to order their Operations and the District Census Officers should take transfer requestmg them not to transfer .these officers ex~ept necessary action on them. The administrative control for on exceptional grounds such as retIrement, reverSIOn, the enure district will be with the District Census Officers. promotion or as a measure of discipline. A copy of the Government order may also be communicated to these officers along with this letter. This should be treated with utmost urgency. M. K. DEVASSY, General Superintendent of Census Operations, Kerala 55. Instructions regarding the post-enumeration check will be issued separately. The Charge Officers are inform-

APPENDIX I

TIME SCHEDULE OF OPERATIONS

I. Distribution of Forms 4. Distribution of black ink 20th January 1961 forms meant for Enumerat­ 1. Distribution of Instructions 5th October 1960 ors to the Supervisors and forms by the Superin- tendent of Census Opera- 5. Distribution of black ink 1st February 1961 tions to the Charge Officers forms by the Supervisors to the Enumerators 2. Distribution of Instructions 10th October 1960 hy the Charge Officers to II. Training the Supervisors for their use 1. Training of District Census 21st September 1960 Officers and Cbarge Officers to 5th October 1960 3. DistributlOn of Instructions 15th October 1960 by the SUperintendent of to Enum~ratars and red Census Operations ink forms for Enumerators and Supervisors to be done 2. First training class of the 15th October 1960 through the Supervisors Supervisors by the Charge when they come for the Officers to be. held at the first training class of Super, Headquarters of each visors Charge

106 APPENDIX XIV--contd.

3. Training Sample Census for 25th October 1960 visors to be sent to Charge Supervisors Officers along with the records of the Training 4. Review of the Training Before 1st November Sample Census Sample Census for Super­ 1960 visors to be sent by the 15. Review of the 2nd Training 20th January 1961 Charge Officers to the Sample Census of Enumer­ Superintendent of Census ators to be sent by the Operations, District Census Charge Officers to the Officers, Deputy Superint­ Superintendent of Census endent of Census Operat­ Operations, District Census ions and the concerned Officers and Deputy Super­ Supervisors intendents of Census Opera­ tions 5. Second round of Training Between 5th Nov­ of the Sup.'!rvisors by the ember and 20th 16. Programme of the third 12th January 1961 Charge Officers round of training of November 1960 Enumerators and Super­ 6. Sending the programme of 15th October 1960 visors to be sent by the the first round of training Charge Officers to the of the Enumerators by the Superintendent of Census Charge Officers to the Operations, District Census Supenntendent of Census Officers and Deputy Super­ OperatIOns, District Census intendents of Census Opera­ Officers and Deputy Super­ tions intendents of Census Opera­ 17. Third round of training of 18th January 1961 to tions Enumerators and Supervis­ 8th February 1961 7. First round of training of 20th October 1960 to ors by the Charge Officers Enumerators by the Charge 20th November 1960 Officers 18. Check up classes by the 8th December 1960 Superintendent of Census to 15th January 1961 8. First Training Sample 25th November 1960 Operations Census of Enumerators III. Pre-Enumeration Arrangements 9. Review of the first Train­ 1st December 1960 ing Sample Census of Enu­ 1. Supply of Houselist Extra­ 15th November 1960 merawrs to be sent by the cts. to Enumerators through Supervisors to the Charge the Supervisors Officers 2. List of resorts of houseless 20th February 1961 10. Review of the first Training 5th December 1960 persons to be handed over Sample Census of Enumerat­ to the Charge Officers by ors by the Charge Officers to the Supervisors be sent to the Superintend­ 3. List of landing places in Between I st Febru­ ent of Census Operations, each block to be handed ary 1961 and 20th District Census Officers and o"er by the Charge Officers February 1961 Deputy Superintendents of to the Supervisors and by Census Operations the Supervisors to Enu­ 11. Sending the programme of 1st December 1960 merators ,the second round of train­ IV. Enumeration ing of Enumerators and Supervisors by the District 1. Enumeration of households 10th February 1<:61 Census Officers and Deputy to 28th February 1961 Superintendents of Census 2. Enumeration of residential 26th and 27th Operations to the Superint­ hotels, Rest Houses, Dak February 1961 endent of Census Operations Bungalows, Inspection 12. Second round of training 5th December 1960 Bungalows and similar of the Enumerators and to 5th January 1961 institutions meant for Supervisors by the District temporary halts Census Officers and Deputy Superintendents of Census 3. Enumeration of residential 26th and 27th Febru­ Operations hospitals including T. B. ary 1961 and if Sanatoria, Leprosy Hospit­ necessary 28th Febru­ 13. Second Training Sample 10th January 1961 als or Asylums, Central ary 1961 Census for Enumerators Jails, Sub-Jails, Mental Hospitals, Penal Institu­ 14. Review of the second 15th January 1961 tions, Rescue Homes, Borst­ Training Sample Census of al Schools, Reformatories Enumerators by the Super- and Lock-Ups

107 APPENDIX XIV--contd.

4. Enumeration of persons Day and night of to the Charge Officer in travelling in native and 26th February 1961 person steam boats, other inland 9. Provisional totals of popu- 8th March 1961 power vessels and sea crafts lation to be communicated by express telegram by the 5. Enumeration of houseless Night of 28th Febru­ Charge Officers to the population ary 1961 District Census Officers 6. Revisional round of visits 2nd to 5th March 10. Provisional totals to be 9th March 1961 by the Enumerators 1961 communicated by the District Census Officers by 7. Submission of censu~ re­ Evening of 5th express telegram to the cords and Block Abstracts March 1961 Registrar General and the by the Enumerators to the Superintendent of Census Circle Supervisors in person Operations, simultaneously V. Progress Reports 8. Submission of census re­ Before the evening of cords and Circle Summary 6th March 1961 For dates of sending Progress Reports of Training and by the Circle Supervisors Enumeration see paragraphs 48 to 52.

APPENDIX II

JURISDICTION OF THE DISTRICT CENSUS OFFICERS AND DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENTS OF CENSUS OPERATIONS FOR THE CONDUCT OF THE SECOND RouND OF TRAINING FOR SUPERVISORS AND ENUMERATORS Note:-The taluks mentioned hereunder will include Corporation/the Municipal towns and Reserve Forests District Deputy Superintendents Census Taluks District of Census Operations Tafuks Officers Cannanore Kasaragod Cannanore Kozhikode North Wynad Hosdrug Taliparamba Cannanore Tellicherry Kozhikode Ba~agara Kozhikode Emad QuIlandy South Wynad Kozhikade Tirur Palghat Palghat Palghat Perinthalmanna Alathur Ponnani Chittur Ottapalam Trichur Talappilly Trichur Emakulam Cranganore Trichur Chowghat Mukundapuram Ernakulam Parur Ernakulam Muvattl,lpuzha Kunnathunad Todupuzha Kanayannur Cochin Alwaye Kottayam Kottayam Kottayam ,. Devicolam Meenachil Peermade Vaikom Udumbanchola Changanacherry Kanjirappally Alleppey Shertalai Alleppey Trivandrum Mavelikkara Ambalapuzha Chengannur Kuttanad Thiruvalla Kanhigapally Quilon Quilon Quilon Kottarakara Karunagapally Pathanamthitta Kunnathur Pathanapuram Trivandrum Trivandrum Trivandrum " Chirayinkil N eyya ttinkara Nedumangad 108 APPENDIX XIV-contd.

PROGRAMME FOR THE CHECK UP CLASSES BY THE Date Time Taluks Place where the SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, KERALA class is held 13·1·1961 3 P. M. Pathanamthitta Pathanamthitta Date Time Taluks Place where the 14·1·1961 10 A. M. Chengannur Chengannur class is held 14·1·1961 3 P. M. Knnnathur Adoor 8·12·1960 10 A. M. Trivandrum Trivandrum 15·1·1961 10 A. M. Pathanapuram Punaloor 8·12·1960 3 P. M. Neyyattinkara Neyyattinkara 15·1·1961 3 P. M. Kottarakara Kottarakara 9·12·1960 10 A. M. Nedumangad Nedumangad Note ;-The Supervisors and Enumerators of the 9·12·1960 3 P. M. Chirayinkil Attingal . Udumbanchola taluk will attend the classes 10·12-1960 10 A. M. Quilon Quilon either at Munnar or Peermade. 10·12·1960 3 P. M. Karunagapally Karunagapally 11·12·1960 2 P. M. Mavelikkara Mavelikkara 12·12·1960 10 A. M. Karthigapally Haripad 12·12·1960 3 P. M. Copy of G. O. Rt. 1302 Pub. (Political and Military B) Ambalapuzha AJleppey Dept. dated 14-9-1960 13·12·1960 2 P. M. Kuttanad pulinkunnu Most Immediate 14·12·1960 10 A. M. Shertalai Shertalai 14·12·1960 3 P. M. Cochin Fort Cochin GOVERNMENT OF KERALA 15·12·1960 10 A. M. Kanayannur Ernakulam ABSTRACT 15·12·1960 3 P. M. Alwaye Alwaye 16·12·1960 10 A. M. Parur Parur Census 1961-Restriction of tlansfer of Officers concerned 18·12·1960 2 P. M. Crangimore Cranganore with Census work-Orders issued. 19·12·1960 10 A. M. Mukundapuram Irinjalakuda PUBLIC (POLITICAL AND MILITARY' B ') DEPARTMENT 19·12·1960 3 P. M. Trichur Trichur 20·12·1960 10 A. M. Talappilly Wadakkancherry G. O. RT. 1302 Dated 14-9-1960. 20·12·1960 3 P. M. Chowghat Chowghat Read: 1. Letter No. 2jI27j60·Pub- I, dated 26·8·1960 21·12·1960 10 A. M. Ponnani Ponnani from the Government of India, Ministry of Home 22·12·1960 10 A. M. Tirur Tirur Affairs. 23·12·1960 10 A. M. Kozhikode Calicut 2. Letter No. C2-270j60 dated 30-8-1960 from the Superintendent of Cemus Operations, Kerala. 24·12·1960 10 A. M. South Wynad Vythiri 24·12·1960 3 P. M. North Wynad Manantody ORDER 26·12·1960 10 A. M. Tellicherry Tellicherry 26·12·1960 3 P. M. Cannanore Cannanore The period between 15th September 1960 and 31st March 1961 is crucial for the census count. It is essential 27·12·1960 10 A. M. Taliparamba Taliparamba that the Officers appointed as District Census Officers, 28·12·1960 10 A. M. Hosdrug Hosdrug Charge Officers, Supervisors and Enumerators are retain­ 29·12·1960 10 A. M. Kasaragod Kasaragod ed in their respective stations during this period. Govern· ment, therefore, direct that Officers engaged in Census 30·12·196~ 2 P. M. Badagara Badagara Operations as District Census Officers, Charge Officers, 31·12·1960 10 A. M. Quilandy Quilandy Supervisors and Enumerators should not be transferred 2·1·1961 10 A. M. Ernad Manjeri during the period from 15th September 1960 to the end of 2·1·1961 3 P. M. Perinthalmanna Perinthalmanna March 1961, except on exceptional grounds, such as retirement, reversion, promotion or as a measure of 3·1·1961 10 A. M. Ottapalam Ottapalam discipline. The Heads of Departments and other Officers 3·1·1961 3 P. M. Paighat Palghat competent to maJ<;e the transfers will note that any transfer 4·1·1961 10 A. M. Chittur Chittur in contravention to this order, will be seriously viewed. 4·1·1961 3 P. M. Alathur Alathur The Superintendent of Census Operations is arranging with the Charge Officers to transmit a list of Officers 5·1·196) 3 P. M. Kunnathunad Perumbavoor appointed as Supervisors and Enumerators to the respect· 6·1·19llI 3 P. M. Devicolam Munnar ive Officers competent to order transfer in the Departments 7·1·1961 3 P. M. Muvattupuzha Muvattupuzha concerned. 8·1·1961 .3 P. M. Thodupuzha Thodupuzha (By order of the Governor) 9·1·1961 10 A. M. Meenachil Palai 9·1·1961 3 P. M. Vaikom Vaikom Sd. A. G. MENON, 10·1·1961 10 A. M. Kottayam Kottayam Chief Secretary 10·1·1961 3 P. M. Kanjirappally Kanjirappal1y 11·1·1961 3 P. M. Peermade Peermade 12·1·1961 3 P. M. Changanacherry Changanacherry 13·1·1961 10 A. M. Thiruvalla Thiruvalla

109 APPENDIX XV Office of the Superintendent of Census Operations, Kerala CIRCULAR LETTER No. XLVI Trivandrum, dated 21st February 1961

The Enumerators have been instructed in the training ward in the case of a town or a forest range in the case classes to report to the Supervisors cases of new or un­ of reserve forest division it is enough if the Enumerator of numbered residential houses which they find in their the last block goes up to the end of the karajmurijdesom 'blocks and get them numbered and enumerate them. or ward or forest range as the case may be. In such cases Instructions have also been issued to the Charge Officers the enumerator of the first block of a karajmuri/desom or to get reports about new buildings cropping up within ward or the forest range should go up to the starting point their areas up to 1st March 1961 from the Village Officers of that karajmurijdesom or ward or forest range find out or other assistants who were engaged in the house number­ whethet: there is any new residential house that has crop­ ing operations and number them and inform the Supervisors ped up between that boundary and the first house allotted to and Enumerators. The Supervisors are requested to him and get such houses numbered and enumerated. instruct the Enumerators to check up the area between the last house allotted to the Enumerator and the succeeding house (falling in the next block) and enumerate any new Yours faithfully residential house which has cropped up between these two houses. Where, however, the block of an Enumerator (Sd) M. K. DEVASSY, ends with a karajmurijdesom in the case of a viilage or a Superintendent of Census Operations

APPENDIX XVI

INSTRUCTIONS ISSUED FOR THE ENUMERATION OF THE CREW AND PASSENGERS OF THE SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS

( 1 ) to be sent to the District Census Officer along with those of others. D. O. Letter No. C3-386j60 dated 25th December 1960 to the Officer in charge of the Census Operations of the Thanking you, Naval Base Yours sincerely, (Sd) M. K. DEVASSY, Dear Shri...... Superintendent of Census Operations Sub.-Enumeration of ships and other vessels belonging to the Navy (2) In continuation of my previous letter on the enumara­ tion of the Cochin Naval Base, I am to request you to D. O. Letter No. C3-386j60 dated 26th December 1960 to make the following arrangements for "the enumeration of the Officer in charge of the Census Operations of the Port the personnel of the ships and other vessels belonging to the of Cochin Navy which land at the Cochin Port. In the case of a ship or any other vessel belonging to the Navy, which is Dear Shri...... already in or which arrives in the Port of Cochin on any day between 10th February 1961 and the sunrise of 1st In continuation of my instmctions for the enumera­ March 1961, the personnel in such ship or vessel are to be tion of the Cochin Port for the 1961 Census, I am to enumerated by the Commander of the ship or the person request you to make the following arrangements fq_f the in charge of the vessel. Such Commander or person may enumeration of tho crew and passengers who have not be assisted by sending a trained Enumerator under you. been enumerated elsewhe're in India of any ship or other No household schedule is necessary. Individual slips need vessel other than those belonging to the Navy which alone be filled up for the personnel. The location code touches the Cochin Port or which is already in the Port between 10th February 1961 and tl}e sunrise of 1st March allotted to the Naval Base may be filled up in these indi­ 1961. vidual slips. But, for the 5th element of the location code viz, No. of the household, the name of the ship The crew and passengers of the ships or vessels men­ may be written. The slips filled up in respect of each tioned above may be got enumerated by you by deputing ship or other vessel may be collected by you and sent to a suitable trained Enumerator for the purpose. Only such Tabulation Office as might be instructed later. I individual slips need be filled up for the persons. No would suggest that a Block Abstract may be got prepared hous~hold sche~ule is necessary. The location code may for all these ships and other vessels together and the be the same as lS allotted to the Cochin Port. But instead figures there may be carried over to the Charge Summary of the fifth element, viz, the house- number, the name of

110 ARPENDIX XVI-contd. the ship or vessel may be entered. The slips so filled up same as is allotted to the area in which the port is situated. may be collected by you and sent along WIth the; rest of But instea~ of the fifth element of the Location Code, viz. the census records of your charge to such tabulatlon office the house number, the name of the ship or vessel may be as will be intimated to you by me. _ entered. The individual slips prepared in respect of each ship or vessel may be collected by you. A pad summary A Block Abstract for the slips used for all the ships should be filled up for each pad of individual slips on the and other vessels together may also be got prepared. back of the pads and a block summary should be filled up Your Charge Summary should include the figures given for all the pads together in the form enclosed herewith. in this Block Abstract also. You may also issue a certifi­ The used P'lds and unused pads may be sent in one bundle cate to every person in the ship or the vessel that he has with the block label filled up and affixed on it to the been enumerated for the 1961 Census. Tahsildar in case the port is located outside a municipal town or to the Mun!cipal Commissioner if the port is I hope you will• consult the Administrative Officer of located within the municipal town along with a block the Cochin Port in this regard if necessarv. Hence I am abstract duly filled up so as to reach him before 5th March not addressing him separately. . 1961. You may requisition the services of a trained Enumerator to assist in the enumeration from the Muni­ Yours sincerely, cipal Commissioner or Tahsildar as the case may be according as the port is located within a municipal town (Sd) or outside the municipal town. If any person in the ship or other vessels claims to have been already enumerated between 10th February 1961 and the date of the arrival of (3) the ship, such person need not be enumerated. Each person who has been enumerated may be given the certifi­ Letter No. C2-=-499/60 dated 29th December, 1960 to. the cate by you to the effect that he has been enumerated Officer in charge of ports except the port of Cochin. for the 1961 Census. A copy of the instructions to Enumerators and the enclosures shown below are sent Sub:-Census 1961-Enumeration of the personnel in the herewith. In case you require more individual slips, you ships and other vessels Arrangements for- may get the same from the Municipal Commissioner or Tahsildar as the case may be. Sir, Receipt of this letter may kindly be acknowledged. In connection with the 1961 Census, it is proposed to Yours faithfully, enumerate the crew and passengers who have not been enumerated elsewhere in India of any ship or other vessel (Sd) which touches any Port or which is already in the Port Encls:- between 10th February 1961 and the sunrise of 1st March 1. Instructions to Enumerators in English 1961. I am to request you to kindly make the necessary arrangements for such enumCl"ation on the following 2. Block Abstract Forms 2. lines:- 3. Pad of 100 individual slips in black ink in English 1. If the ship or other vessel belongs to the Navy the enumeration is to be done by the Commander of the ship 4. Code Number Book 1. or the Officer-in-charge of the vessel. He should be given the assistance of a trained Enumerator for this purpose. Copy to:-The Corporation/Municipal Commissioner/ In the case of ships or other vessels, not belonging to the Tahsildar ...... One or two trained Enumerators Navy, the enumeration may be done by you. You will be from the reserve at your Headquarters may be deput­ given the assistance of a trained Enumerator. Only indi­ ed to assist the Port Officer in the enumeration on vidual slips need be filled up for the persons. No house­ requisition from him. hold schedule is necessary. The location code will be the Copy to the District Census Officer ......

APPENDIX XVII

MINUTES OF THE DISCUSSIONS OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS WITH THE TAHSILDAR, KUTTANAD REGA~DING THE ENUMERATION OF SHIFTING POPULATION IN THE KUTTANAD TALUK

The question of enumerating the shifting population disappear after the harvest season. The same people will who come to the Kuttanad paddy fields during the harvest be shifting from one area to another according to the season was discussed with the Tahsildar, Kuttanad. The progress of harvesting. The concerned Kayal fields are temporary habitation generally takes place at the begin­ distributed in Chennamkari, Kainakari and Pulinkunnu ning of the second half of January. The people who villages. These huts are likely to be found mainly In the come for harvesting will be halting on the bunds or villages of Kainakari, Chennamkari and Pulinkunnu and ., enas " by the side of the field. Sometimes they are put sometimes in the Puncha fields of other villages. The up in large sheds accommodating a large number of following procedure for the enumeration of the above workers. In some cases temporary sheds are pitched for shifting population was arrived at during the discussions each family. The sheds are purely temporary and will with th~ Tahsildar, Kuttanad.

111 APPENDIX XVII-contd.

(1) The Enumerators' blocks for these areas will be normal course, for example in the case of Block No. defined by natural boundaries, each block consisting of a 1 of Kumarakam Thekkumbhagom kara of Kainakari habitation roughly of about 400 persons. The blocks in village, the number will be7/3/1/7/T-1 (the number of eacb kara should be identifiable. the house). This will facilitate the numbering of the houses by each Enumerator starting with No. 1 in his (2) The bouse numbering and tbe enumeration will particular block. be done simultaneously by the same Enumerator. Since these houses are temporary, it is not necessary to fill up (3) The house numbering and enumeration together all the columns of the bouselists. Only colums 1 to 4, will be done from 20th to 28th February 1961. 15 Enu­ 11 and 12 of the houselists, need be filled up. When the merators and 2 Supervisors will be appointed as reserve number for a house is allotted, the Enumerator will hand now and given training before the check-up class of the over a card to the head of the household for purposes of Superintendent of Census Operations... The actual ap­ identification showing the number of the house. Simul­ pointment will be made after the formation of blocks taneously the Enum~rator will enumerate the members of and circles. the household. Particular care will be taken to make sure that the persons whom the Enumerator is enumerat­ (4) Further details will be worked out by the­ ing have not been enumerated elsewhere. Instead of the Charge Officer and the list of blocks along with the full usual procedure of putting "C" and the number of the code number will be sent to Superintendent of Census kara before the number of the house, the letter "T" and Operations and District Census Officer. A copy of the the number of the block in the partioular kara will be houselist will also be sent to the Superintendent of Census prefixed to the actual number allotted to the house. The Operations after enumeration. location code in the houselist will be filled up in the

APPENDIX XVIII

SYNONYMS OR GENERIC NAMES OF SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES ACCEPTED IN 1961 CENSUS Name ofthe Caste or Tribe in the Presid­ ent's list representing Region of the State as on the accepted synonym SI. tpe date of the reorgan- Synonym or generic or generic name men- No. isation of States ;Present District name tioned in column 4 Remarks 1 2 3 4 5 6 SCHEDULED CASTES State except Malabar Trivandrum, Quilon, Thamizh Vannan Vannan District Alleppey, Kottayam, Ernakulam exclud­ ing Fort Cochin and Trichur excluding Chowghat taluk and Chittur taluk of Palghat District 2 do. do. Kakkan Kakkalan 3 do. do. Pandi Vannan Vannan 4 do. do. Cheraman Pulayan 5 Malabar District Palghat excluding Kanakkacheruman Cheruman Chittur taluk and including Chowghat taluk of Trichur District 6 do. do. Eracheruman Cheruman 7 do. do. Valluvacheruman Cheruman 8 do. do. Erayacheruman Cheruman 9 do. do. Pulacheruman Cheruman 10 do. do. Paracheruman Cheruman 11 do. do. Pulayacheruman Cheruman 12 do. Kozhicode Malayan Panikkar Malayan 13 do. do. Cheraman Cheruman 14 do. do. Valluvakanakkan Kanakkan 15 do. do. Rolan Cheruman 16 do. do. Pelacheruman Cheruman 17 do. do. Erakkanakkan Kanakkan

112 APPENDIX XVIII--concld.

SYNONYMS OR GENERIC NAMES OF SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES ACCEPTED IN 1961 CENSus-(concld.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 18 Malabar District Kozhikode Malayapanikkar Malayan 19 do. Cannanore Pulaya Cheruman 20 do. do. Cheraman Cheruman 21 Kasaragod taluk of do. Harijan Bakuda Persons noted as Hari- Malabar District jan if actually Bakuda will be considered as Scheduled Caste

22 do. ~o. Hlrijan Bathada Persons noted as Harijan if actually Bathada will be Scheduled Caste 23 do. do. Harijan Moger Persons noted as Harijan if actually Moger will be Schedu- led Caste SCHEDULED TRIBES

1 Malabar District Kozhikode Vettuvakuruman Kurumans 2 do. do. Thachanatanmooppan Kurumbas 3 do. do. Mullokuruman Kurumans 4 do. do. Mulluva fCuruman Kurumans 5 do. do. MulJuva Kurumans Kurumans 6 do. do. Ooralikurumans Kurumans 7 do. do. Ooralikuruman Kurumans 8 do. do. Ooralikurumban Kurumans 9 do. do. Mulluva Kurumban Kurumans 10 do. do. Thenkuruman Kurumans 11 do. do. Cheramar Pulayan 12 do. do. Mullukkuruman Kurumans 13 do. Cannanore Ooralikurumans Kurumaos 14 do. do. Thenkuruman Kurumans 15 do. do. Mulluvakuruman Kurumans 16 do. do. Kurichiyan Kurichchan 17 Kasaragod taluk of do. Marathi Marati Malabar District

APPENDIX XIX

STATEMENT SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF POSTERS

Census Helps Planned Census is Essential Consumption Census .E;Ielps Them All Census Textual Poster -----"'-_--- --__. E E E d d d d c:$ d <;; ,.c "C ca .<:: 'U ~ ..c: "C >. if> 0:: >. O'l 0:: >. .;!? ro ro !=: .- ro !=: (':$ !=: ::s ~ s:: t: <;; on s:: -'8 "2 bn q 's- '0 Td whom <;; s:; d co s:: 01 d s:: ro ro ... distributed ~ :.w ~ f- ~ :.w ~ f- ~ :.w ~ f- ~ Libraries (1,064) 2,128 2,128 2,128 Panchayats (907) 2,721 2,721 2,721 Block Development Officers (94) 1,880 1,410 18,800 1,830 1,410 1,880 1,880 Tahsildars (55) 7,664 2,805 .. 2,750 55 7,664 3,300 7,66-1 2,805 Municipal Com- missioners (29) 3,335 609 58\) 29 3,335 319 3,335 319 Divisional Forest Offic;;)rs (14) 140 140 70 140

113 APPENDIX XIX--{;oncld.

STATEMENT SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF POSTERS (concld.) Census Helps Planned Consumption Census is Essential ,-___..A-_ __--, Census Helps Them All Census Textual Poster r__.....__~ ,----' a a a 8 CI$ CI$ CI$ CI$ ~ ~ CIS ~ "; ..c: "0 "; ..c: "0 c; ..c: "0 c; ..c: "0 ::» fIl ~ .~ ~ ::» fIl oS ::» CIS I'l ~ Q CI$ Q ;::I CI$ .~ Q ..::l ~ Q - '"@ I::: - '"@ ~ c -.~ c - To whom CIS 's eo d 's C d CIS C d 'sCIS I'l CIS eoQ d CIS distributed :?j ~ t:.i: :?j ~ f-< :?j ~ -:?j f-< f-< ::.d ~ f-< 5 ~ ::.d Heads of Depart- ments 400 400 150 400 120 Tourist Department 200 200 190 200 150 200 150 Transport Depart- ment 1,000 1,000 1,000 Public Relations Department 700 532 200 44 200 50 State Transport Authority 1,000 1,000 1,000 Kerala Water Transport Cor- poration 100 100 100 District Census Officers (9) 900 900 6,300 900 823 900 805 Trivandrum Cor- poration 50 50 50 Colleges (71) 213 213 308 213 213 Special areas (6) 6 6 66 66 Libraries of Kan- nada speaking area 48 Tahsildars of Kasaragod and Hosdrug ... 50 ... 60 90 ... Tahsildars of Devi- colam, Peermade and Udumban- chola 30 40 30 30 District Census Officer, Kottayam 10 15 15 Block Development Officer, Manjes- war 90 Executive Engi- neers tIO) 250 500 District Census Officer, Canna- nore ... 30 ...... Municipal Commis- sioners, QuiJon, Kayamkulam, AI- leppey, Erna- kulam, Mattan- cherry, Calicut, Badagara, Telli- cherry and Can- nanore 38 Tahsildars (27) 54

Total No. Received 22,450 6,700 100 50 22,450 6,600 100 50 22,450 6,600 100 50 100 ~2,452 6,700 100 50

114 APPENDIX XX

STATEMENT SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF CEN:_SUS PAMPHLETS

WHAT IS A CENSUS AND WHY GROWING IMPORTANCE OF HOW A CENSUS IS TAKEN SHOULD WE HAVE ONE POPULATION CENSUS

~---.- ,-----"-- ~ Malaya- Kan- Malaya- Kan- Malaya- Kan- To whom distributed lam English nada Tamil lam English nada Tamil lam English nada Tamil Block Development Offic- ers (94) 47,000 47,000 47,000 Librarier 0,064) 3,192 3,192 3,192 Panchayats (907) 2,721 2,721 2,721 Municipal Commission- ers (29) 2,900 2,900 2,900 Tahsildars (55) 9,900 9,900 9,900 District Census Officers(9) 6,666 ,6,666 6,696 Divisional Forest Officers (14) 280 280 280 All India Radio 120 120 120 Public Relations Depart- ment 3,225 125 3,400 3,200 80 District Educational Offic- ers 2,023 2,023 2,024 Collegiate Education De- partment 110 110 110 Local Bodies Depart- ment 400 400 District Collector, Kanya- kumari 1,000 1,000 1,000 Block Development Offic- er, Manjeswar 512 537 525 Libraries in Kasaragod taluk 88 88 88 Panchayats in Kasaragod taluk 255 255 255 Tahsjldars, Kasaragod and Hosdrug 120 120 120 Libraries in Tamil area 55 55 55 Panchayats in Tamil area 70 70 70 Tahsildars of Devicolam, Peermade and Udum- banchola 150 150 150

Total Number Received 79,250 545 1,000 300 79,250 1,000 300 79,250 SOO 1,000 2)ll

115 APPENDIX XXI

STATEMENT SHOWING THE ARTICLES OF STATIONERY AND STAMPS SUPPLIED TO THE DISTRICT CENSUS OFFICERS AND CHARGE OFFICERS

Name of Officer 1 22 Rs.nP.~ District Census Officer, Trivandrum t 2t 1 20 8 2 8 4 1 2 4 300 1 6 24 30 95'00 do. Quilon t 2! 1 20 8 2 8 4 1 2 4 300 1 6 24 30 95'00 do. Kottayam t 2! 1 20 8 2 8 4 1 2 4 300 1 6 24 30 95'00 do. Alleppey t 2t 1 20 8 2 8 4 1 2 4 300 4 6 24 30 95'00 do. Ernakulam 1 2t 1 20 8 2 8 4 1 2 4 300 1 6 24 30 95'00 do. Palghat t 2t 1 20 8 2 8 4 1 2 4 300 1 6 24 30 95'00 do. Trichur t 2! 1 20 8 2 8 4 1 2 4 300 1 6 24 30 ... 135'00 do. Kozhikode t 2t 1 20 8 2 8 4 1 2 4 300 1 6 24 30 ... 95'00 do. Cannanore t 2t 1 20 8 2 8 4 1 2 4 300 1 6 24 30 ... 95'00 Tahsildar, Kasaragod 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 ! 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 315 69 ... 312:50 do. Hosdrug 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 ! 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 258 56 ... 280'00 do. Taliparamba 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 356 79 ... 337'50 do. Cannanore 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 ! 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 314t ... 13'32 ... 312'50 do. Tellicherry 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 459 62... 40 395'00 do. North Wynad 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 12l! 27...... 207'50 do. Badagara 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 283t ... 12'24 ... 297'50 do. South Wynad 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 ! 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 307t ... 13'24 ... 310'00 do. Quilandy 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 364 ... 16'8 ... 340'00 do. Kozhikode 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 512t .. , 21'00 ... 402'50 do. Emad 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 594 ... 26'8 ... tl67'50 do. Tirur 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 549t ... 24'8 ... 4";2'50 do. Chittur 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 282 ... 12'10 ... 305'00 do. Alathur 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 295 ... 13'00 ... 312'50 do. Ottapalam 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 ! 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 360 ... 16'8 ... 350'00 do. Perintalmanna 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 ~ 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 405t ... 18'00 ... 365'00 do. Ponnani 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 300t .. , l3'8 ... 320'00 do. Palghat 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 246t ... 11'00 ... 287'50 do. Trichur 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 374~ .. , 16'24 ... 347'50 do. Kanayannur 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 269t ... 11'32 ... 302'50 do. Alwaye 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 201 t... 8'24 ... 120'00 do. Muvattupuzha 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 283 ... 12'24 ... 322'50 do. Talappilly 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 311t ... 13'32 ... 346'99 do. Chowghat 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 298t ... 13'1l ... 305'00 do. Cranganore 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 1, 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 89t... 3'32 ... 287'50 do. Mukundapuram 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 420! ... 28'24 ... 382'50 do. Kunnathunad 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 217' ... 9'24 ... 275'00 do. Parur 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 191t ... 8'16 ... 245'00 do. Ambalapuzha 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 136 ... 6'00 ... 215'00 do. Karthigapally 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 249t '" 11'00 ... 277'50 do. Shertalai 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 307! ... 13'24 ... 320'00 do. Chengannur 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 209!... 9'80 ... 255'00 do. Thiruvalla 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 281~ ... 12'16 ... 310'00 do. Kottayam 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 377 ... 16'24 ... 372'50 do. Changanacherry 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 185 ... 8'28 ... 242'50 do. Karunagapally 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 6 16 15 285t ... 12'24 ... 297'50 do. Mavelikkara 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 6 16 15 268 ... 11'32 ... 287'50 do. Kunnathur 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 6 16 15 266t ... 11'32 ... 287'50

116 APPENDIX XXI-contd.

'" :2 g .~ .

Ec: ;:l o Name of Officer U 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Rs_ nP_ Tahsildar, Kottarakara 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 358i 15·32 _.. 347'50 do. Quilon 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 1 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 460 20'16 _._ 395-00 do. Chirayinkil 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 i 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 3601 16-00 ... 340-00 do. Cochin 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 1 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 177 7'24 _.. 235'00 do. Thodupuzha 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 209 9-8 _.. 255'00 do. Kutranad 2 3 2 35 4 1 3 2 1 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 222 9-24 ... 260'00 do. Meenachil 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 314t 13'16 ... 334-72 do. Kanjirappally 2 3· 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 160t 7'8 ... 245-0[) do. Peermade 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 l 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 247t 10-32 ... 275'00 do. Udumbanchola 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 236t 10-16 ... 295'00 do. Vaikom 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 1 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 198 8'32 .. , 260'00 do. Pathanapuram 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 334 14-32 .. _ 325-00 do. P.lthanamthitta 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 398 17'24 ... 360-0Q do. Devicolam 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 224t 9-32 ... 287-50 do. Nedumangad 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 370t 16-16 .. 355-OC) do. Neyyattinkara 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 16 15 469 20-32 .. , 400'00 do. Trivandrum 2 3 2 35 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1· 6 16 15 335t 14'32 ... 32500 Municipal Commissioner, Cannanore ± 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 40t 1'32 _.. 132-50 do. Tellicherry t 21 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 34 1-16 ... 127-50 do. Kozhikode It 2} 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 171t 7'8 .. _ 200-00 do. Badagara ± 2~ 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 42* 1-32 .. , 132'50 do. Pal ghat t 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 88- 3'24 ... 106-64 do. Trichur t 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 1 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 78i 3'00 .. _ 147-50 do. Ernakulam ± 21 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 123t 4'32 ._. 170'00 do. Alwaye ± 21 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 23t 0-32 .. _ 12000 do. Muvattnpuzha i 21 1 30 4 1 4 2 1 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 25i 1·00 122 -50 do. Kunnamkulam ± 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 * 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 21i 0-32 120'00 do. Vaikom ± 2} 1 30 4 1 4 2 l 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 20 0-32 .. _ 120'Q() do. Palai ± 21 1 30 4 1 4 2 ! 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 17 0-24 ... 118-50 do. Fort Cochin + 2~ 1 30 4 1 4 2 I 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 31 j'8 .. _ 125-00 do, Irinjalakuda ! 21 1 30 4 1 4 2 1 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 24 I-DO .. _ 122'50 do. Chittu,·Thatha- man,pla<11 ± 2! 1 3Q 4 1 4 2 t i 2 150 1 6 14 15 32} 1-16 127-50 do. Cll?nga:13.::herry t 2} 1 33 4 1 4 2 ! 1 2 150 1 6 I 14 15 45 1-24 130'00 do. KottaV:l"1 t 2~ 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 55} 2-8 137-50 do. Sh~rtaia. { 2~ I 30 4 1 4 2 j 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 35! 1-16 127'50 do. Thiruva"a ± 2} 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 26 1-00 122-50 do, Alleppey 1~ 2\ 1 30 4 1 4 2 ! 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 148 6'16 190'00 do. Mavclikkara t 2~ 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 20 0'32 120-00 do. Kayamlmlam 1 2\ 1 3D 4 1 4 2 * 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 43 1'32 _._ 132-50 do. Quilon 12} 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 92~ 3-32 157-50 do. Attingal t 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 24- 1-00 122'50 do. Neyyattinkara ± 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 20 0'32 120'00 do. Perumbavoor t 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 1St 4 120-00 do. Parur ± 21 1 30 4 1 4 2 ~ 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 21 0-32 120-03 do. Mattan~herry t 2J 1 30 4 1 4 2 ! 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 82t 3'24 155-0J Commissioner, Corpolution of Trivandrum* It . __ 1 30 4 4 2 t 2 150 6 14 15 263i 10'24 _._ 223-10

* 2t quires of stencil paper have also been supplied to the Commissioner, Corporation of Trivandrum_ 117 APPENDIX XXI-concld.

"0 rIO ... ·co .... 0 ,9 0 7 '~ o .>.(1) ..- tl .-= .~ VJ ~ Q. .S ~ ~ ~ ~ ... ~ 0 co ... C til ~~~~t>!ig 0_0 0 '" U rIO co Thenmala i 2! 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 5t 0'16 95'00 do. Konni t 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 8 0'24 97'50 do. Ranni t 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 lIt 0'16 95'00 do. Malayattur t 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 20 0'32 100'00 do. Chalakudy t 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 I 6 14 15 13t 0'24 97'50 do. Nemmara ! 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 22 0'24 97'50 do. Nilambur ! 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 5 0'16 48'68 do. Kottayam t 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 23 0'24 97'50 do. Punalur t 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 7t 0'16 95'00 do. Trichur t 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 27t 0'24 97'50 do. Palghat i 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2 t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 6 0'16 95'00 do. Trivandrum i 2t 1 30 4 1 4 2t 1 2 150 1 6 14 15 15 3 97'50 APPENDIX XXII

GOVERNMENT OF KERALA No. 29653-C. 1/60-1, Planning & Development (C) Department, Dated, Trivandrum, 21st May, 1960 MEMORANDUM Sub:-Census 1961-Co-operation of Government servants and employees of local bodies-Instructions issued. Ref:-G, O. No, 492jPL &D dated 26--11-1959. In the G. O. read above instructions have already dical assessment of their work and conduct bv their been issued regarding the arrangements for 196) Census in respective superiors, - the State. In that context, it has been stressed that all concerned should extend their utmost co-operation for the 4, Enumeration work is spread over nearly three successful conduct of the Census work. weeks, in order to diminish the number of workers for whom demands will be placed on the heads of offices and 2. Preiiminary arrangements for the 1961 Census also to enable the workers to carry out their duties con­ are being completed and the appointment of the staff veniently, It is imperative that the heads of offices and necessary for enumeration (Enumerators, Supervisors etc,) institutions should co-operate in lightening the burden of will commence within the next few months, Actual enu­ Census workers to the maximum extent practicable. This meration will take place between the 10th February, 1961 may necessitate the grant of certain concessions regarding and the sunrise of 1st March, which will be followed by office attendance both during the enumeration period and the final check during the first five days of March, The period of training which will precede it, The details of enumeration will, as in the past, be done mostly by the concessions likely to be required will be settled as and fullest use of all establishments under the control of when the need arises in consultation with the Superint­ Government and Local Bodies on a voluntary basis, endent of Census Operations, 3. All Government employees and employee's of the 5, In view of the national importance of Census Local Bodies (with the exception of Police Officers) are Operations and the magnitude of the work involved, the therefore expected to accept and perform readily any Government expect full co-operation of all their employees work connected with the enumeration, which may be and the employees of Local Bodies in the State for the entrusted to them by the Superintendent of Census Opera­ successful completion of Census Operations, They also tions or any other responsible local Census Officers, They hope that everyone entrusted witll Census duties will should give no cause for complaint by the officers in voluntarily accept and discharge those duties zealously charge of Census in respect of the performance of Census and conscientiously to their utmost ability with a sense of duties, They should perform these duties as diligently national responsibility. and conscientiously as the normal duties of the posts held by them. The manner in which they have performed K. V, KUNJUNNY MENON, Census duties will also be taken into account in the perio- Assistant Secretary 118 APPENDIX XXIII CENSUS DIVISIONS AND AGENCY ENUMERATION """"' No. of charges House num- Number of Average No. of '" t>o bering-num- houses per ... r- ~ ~ ber of I "'0 r.Il • '" ..!:l ,.I<;'" =0"'= ~ B .~ 0 .... u'" U 0 .... 0 ';;j .... c:'= ....'" I .... '"0 &l~~&l .... 0 '"0 0 ~ 0. ~ <+-t c; ~ c; 00 ...... ;loot rIl .... 'O~.9- .;: .... .:;: '" u '0 ...... 0_ o~ '" u 0 '" ~ ~t>i:~C) ,.I<; ca 0 .... '" ,.I<; ca .... ._ ~ fU Ot~ 'E 'E 0 '0 0 a Q '"0 '0 0 ~~ 0 8 = '" .00 a;:I 0.'0 .... ~o 0. = SI. = .... 0 o..!:l ;:I 0- .... 0 0 0. g .... C ca 0 0. oE ;::l g~ 0. ;::l c ..!:l~ ;::l No. District (,-0 ::E IJ;.. til Z"O::E ZO ell Il.lo U ~ til til Il.l ~e~g8 uO til Il.l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 Cannan ore 6 2 1 1 16 10* 259 228 424 2,117 17 427 2,128 54 27,856 652 131 2 Kozhikode 6 2 2 1 15 11 343 388 619 3,084 40 621 3,091 67 38,792 687 138 3 Palghat 6 2 2 5 10 306 338 449 2,270 23 451 2,264 32 30,559 678 135 4 Trichur 5 3 2 4 10 168 183 360 1,842 35 363 1,853 74 26,562 732 143 5 Ernakulam 7 7 1 4 5 19 140 210 406 2,075 .79 419 2,102 136 15,785 716 143 6 Kottayam 8 4 1 3 13 111 193 455 2,318 80 458 2,331 89 22,806 647 127 7 AUeppey 7 5 3 12 113 164 426 2,160 33 431 2,187 35 26,083 726 143 8 Quilon 6 1 4 2 11 139 166 494 2,469 15 496 2,479 26 29,879 663 133 9 Trivandrum 4 3 1 2 10 10 100 161 403 2,039 60 409 2,046 91 28,905 707 141

Total 55 29 14 8 63 106 1,679 2,031 4,036 20,374 382 4,075 20,481 604 26,449 688 137 * In the Kasaragod and Hosdrug taluks, the No. of village officers is at the rate of 1 per village and the village assistants are in many cases at the rate of 1 for 2 or 3 villages. Hence the Supervisors are more than the Enumerators.

APPENDIX XXIV MISCELLANEOUS FORMS INCLUDING BLOCK AND CIRCLE REGISTER (1 ) (2) Abstract on the cover of the household schedule pads To be pasted on the back cover of the household schedule POPULATION CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 pads

KERALA STATE EXPLANATIONS OF ABBREVIATIONS USED Household Schedules MARITAL STATUS NM Never Married Book No. for the Enumerator's Block ...... '" = Name of District ...... Code No ...... M = Married Name of Taluk ...... Code No...... W = Widowed Name of Town/Village/ S :::: Sepllrated or Divorced Forest Division! Special area ...... Code No ...... " DESCRIPTION OF WORK IN THE CASE OF WORKER Name/No. of ward/Name of C = Working as Cultivator Kara'! Muri/Desom/Forest AL Working as Agricultural Labourer Range/Special = area ...... '" ., ...... Code No ...... For others-Full description of the work done. SI. No. of Block ...... , ...... , ...... No. of Schedules completed ...... , ...... No. of occupied houses ...... , ...... No. of households ...... Note: The size of the paper was 51" x 5"

Note: The size of the paper was 51" x 5"

119 APPENDIX XXIV-contd,

(3 ) (4) CENSUS 1961 CENSUS 1961 CIRCLE LABEL

District ...... , ...... Code No ...... Block Label ITaluk ...... Code No ...... Location Code Town/Forest cwl'lM1~" mmJt Division/ Spe­ cial area/ . District No ...... Village (8) ...... Code No...... Code No ...... m.;_o eJ 0\1 !l..] m.

nJ§6ffiO I ru'll§l:l~'1 No. of Blocks rumo cw lru'o31ci!J I )_ --~------6lQ;!j<1l1,sm aq)allw. CTlmJID. Total No. of Special Blocks Town/Village! No ...... in the Circle Forest Division! 1 ____ _ Spe;::ial area Name and add­ ress of the Supervisor

o.mm~(])Wc>!Mm 'Ll~<4l""~"S <>ffiffilo. No. of enumeration pads. Signature of Supenisor Note: The size of the paper was 7i" x 5" c&§o6ll.lOJ 1Cl.i(1l~§1db nJ0<4llb~5)S <>@;ffi1'. No. of household schedule pads. (5) Houselist Abstract nm~6)1I dl>o<£j«m»liOl> 611.1"QI§.Odl$"

m(llj(l)la3W()~o 6l

Note: The size of the paper was 6t '. x 10"

120 APPENDIX XXIV-contd.

(6)

CIRCLE SUMMARY Name of the District ...... Code No ...... Name of the Taluk ...... ··················· ...... ························· .. Code No...... Name of the Town(ViI!age (s)/Forest Division/Special area ...... Code No ...... Code No ...... Code No...... Circle No...... Number of households ...... Number of occupied houses ...... Number of pads used-lOO's ...... 25's ...... Number of wholly unused pads-lOO's ...... 25'~ ...... Number of unused slips in partly used pads of 100·s ...... 25's ...... Number of slips cancelled-lOO's ...... 25's ...... Number of Household Schedules filled up for the circle ......

I Population No. of the \ U"rnt~ ------Block --Males -1- F~male;- Total '-1 Males ! Females Total 1 2 I 3 .4 5 I 6 I 7 ! r I I I I I I I I I I I I \ ! I I I' I ) ! ------I I

\ I I I , I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I ; I ! I .-----~------_

...... , ...... Dated Signature of Charge Officer Signature of Supervisor Note: The size of the paper was 6!" x 10"

121 APPENDIX XXIV-contd.

(7) CHARGE SUMMARY Name of the District ...... Code No...... , ...... Name of the Taluk ...... '" ...... Code No...... Name of the Charge ...... Code No...... , ...... Number of households ...... '" ...... Number of occupied houses ...... , ...... Number of pads used: 100's ...... 25's ...... Number of wholly unused pads: 100's ...... 25's ...... , ...... Number of unused slips in partly used pads of 100's ...... 25's .. , ...... Number of slips cancelled: 100's ...... 25's ...... Number of household schedules filled up for the charge ...... '" ...... '" ...... '" ......

Population No. of the Literates Circle Males Females Total Males Females Total 1 2 I 3 I 4 5 I 6 I 7 I

I I I I I I

Total

... "D~~:d"si;~;;';~ ~f Ch~;;;'offi~~~:"'''' ... Note: The size of the paper was F'cap folio-printed on both sides. 122 APPENDIX XXIV-contd. (8) CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 House Numbering Weekly Progress Report

From the Charge Officer to the Superintendent of Census Operations

1. District...... 2. Name of the Taluk/Municipal corporation/MuniciPall Town/Forest Divi'sion/Special area (Note: Score off ...... '" ...... '" ...... •• the inapplicable items)

3. How many rounds of training have been completed for supervisors and enumerators for house numbering and houselisting operations.

4. Approximate number of buildings to be numbered within your jurisdiction. 5. No. of buildings so far numbered and listed. ·6. Remarks ......

Date ...... Signature and Designation of the Charge Officer (P. T. 0.)

HOUSE NUMBERING PROGRESS REPORT From the Supervisor to the Charge Officer

I. Name of the territorial unit entrusted for house numbering. 2. Approximate number of buildings to be numbered within your jurisdiction. 3. Number of buildings so far numbered and listed.

Date ...... Signature and Designation of the Supervisor

Note: The size of the paper was 6t" x 5"

123 APPENDIX XXIV-contd.

(9) (10 ) CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 Progress report of training (or enumeration for the Progress Report of Enumeration for the period fortnight/week ending ...... ending ......

District ...... District ...... , ...... Taluk/Municipal Corporation/ Municipal town/Forest Taluk{Municipal Corporation I Division/Special area ...... , ...... Municipal Town/Forest Division! Special area ...... Supervisors Enumerators Strength of Enumeration * Sl. Number of the Circle ...... '" ...... Staff including reserve Total No. of Households in the Circle/Charge ...... No. trained during First/ Second/Third round Total No. of Households enumerated/checked ......

Remarks Remarks

Signature and name of Charge Officer/District Census Officer/ Signature and name of the Deputy Superintendent of Cen­ Circle Supervisor/Charge Officer sus Operations. Place: ...... Place: ...... Date: ......

Date: ...... * This line is to be filled up only by the Circle Supervisor. Note: The size of the paper was 6f' x 10" Note: The size of the paper was 6!,' x 10"

(11 ) CENSUS 1961 Statement of Honoraria for Enumeration Work Name of District ...... Code No...... Name of Charge ...... Code No ......

Amount of honora- Circle Name and address of rium paid Remarks No. Supervisors/Enumerators ------Rs. nP.

2 3 4 5

Signature of the Charge Officer Note: The size of the paper was F'cap folio printed on both sides.

124 APPENDIX XXIV-contd. e12) CENSUS 1961 RECEIPT FOR CENSUS FORMS

Number of Forms Sl. No. Name of Form Returned Received Used Unused E 1. Individual Slips:-(i) Pads of 50 slips (Red ink) I_r'--____, . E M (ii) Pads of 100 slips T K I I E I (iii) Pads of 25 slips M T K I __I 2. Household Schedule :- E M (i) Pads of 10 Schedules (Red ink) T I ! K - E I (ii) Pads of 50 Sehedules M T K I E (iii} Pads of 25 Schedules M I T K I - I 3. Receipt for Census Forms , I I E I 4. Abstract on the cover of Household Schedules and M explanation of abbreviations T K I I 5. Appointment Memo :-(i) Supervisors ! :- I I (ii) Enumerators I ----...... ~ - I - Red Black 6. Block Abstract M T ! I K --- I Circle Summary Red 7. Black I I 8. Charge Summary I I I I 9. Progress report of training for Enumeration I i I 10. Enumeration Progress Reports

11. Special report of enumeration for houseless population

125 APPENDIX XXIV-contd.

Receipt for Census Forms (cone/d.)

Number of Forms SI. Name of Form Returned No. Received Used Unused

M , 12. Houselist Extract T i K ______1______I _~~l Circle Label I 14. I Block Label

15. I Statement of Honorarium for Census work -~-~- -~------~------~---- 16. I Certificate of verification of are:!

17. I Sample verification ------18. Other Forms

------Received Returned Address .. , Place

Date' ••• '" •• , ••• "0 •••••• ------~In the column' Received' the Officer to whom the------articles are issued should sign. In the column' Returned' the Officer to whom the articles are returned should sign. -

Note: The size of the paper was P'cap folio.

( 13) No. of Households ...... No of BLOCK ABSTRACT occupied Houses ...... No. of Pads used ...... IOO·s ...... 25·s ...... Name of District ...... Code No...... Name of Taluk ...... Code No ...... No. of wholly unused pads ...... lOO·s ...... 25's ...... Name of Town/Villagej No. unused slips in partly Forest Division/Special ~rea ...... Code No...... used pads of 100's ...... 25's ...... Name of WardjKarajMurij No. of slips cancelIed ...... 100·s ...... 25's ...... DesomjPorest Range/Special area ...... Code No ...... No. of Household SChedules Circle No ...... Block No ...... ' .. filled up for Block

126 APPENDIX XXIV-contd.

BLOCK ABSTRACT (concld.)

Literates Population SerialPad No. of I----,------.,..------Males I Females Total Males Females Total 121 3 4 5 I 6 7 I I I I I I _I ·1 I I 1 _1- I I I - ---,---I~_ ------1---I I I I ----I I 1 I I -----______1 ______-1---,-- ) I I I I -----~---- I ____:I~. I I I I I [ I I >OTAL

...... Dated Signature of Supervisor Dated Signature of Enumerator

Note: The size of the paper waS 6t" x 10"

127 APPENDIX XXIV-conld.

(14)

M~tl ;lM:) ~~«2u ••••••••• , •••• , ••••••••••••.•.•••••••••••• (8c8:0QI,t cnOlJm ...... u (Olo~c96i'6)crbo ClCl...1a:a() •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• tce,oCl..lJ Cl)CJ)Jm ••••••••••••••• '" o...I§6YT)tGYDll~Mo/QJ1~~ml6')Mn/QJ:no u cWlcUla3161Mo/ 6')~o.9j«J6 Offiml@CIU61s ocW~u...... (8cfbOCl..lJ mOlJm......

(ll omcwl&:lt ojc£bmttU s.sjo.lolQV6ls / (8SCIG

Ii) wm m.; (lJ'§~ oq)mJll®" fIB" Ii) l\J n1l ffi) ffH" ~ 'lJIlIW:)(I) 1dl6lcm>'? ~Bl: !ll)l:J} IDl'll 6) ru em CT\) ffH II ru'~u e«ll ru"ls IIi)n1lo Ii)db§ls ffimJ:Olo ClUCTUJ)Ial., dbS, §ls«mIl 1 6'1 ClU n1l ru ffH U dIJI f:j. 6UI «mil Ial CJ.a:JCl'ni!!t, QJ3l 'lJ~(!)o, !Ami:> (rucOO"n9l:)[t) QJSClJruo ClUffHu (lJ's1 OJ· 6)dbo mmJ(o dIa§OmlJlllJ\' (lJ6IOOO Qu Iildbo ~ l..Jm(T)) (lJ~(lJClU:)WCIl! ::I1al (oJ))~()l), Q))(I!):lIalIlW:l (oJ)o~o 1) ~wl (ru'§db~6)S 6)mo ~ aJlo iii aJI:) !I' loo(l!):)eJ ~ oJllw:)(I)ldl6l6l(TJlllb1«Jb 6)S oJ~ 16wl 2_301l1h~~0) ~cib, CllOq, CTUJ:)3umo, 6ll'>j nJ ll«mll 16) db () mo ilgJllhl«Jb ~9 (ru'a:l~0) u wlw1 Ildb:l~.) 6)91 qjilllBl:lW 1..1. (<1J'§1b~6)S n.J§·1 6)9 nJ§ldbwl61eJ S-:>o IIdb:l~ 0) 11·:>0 <6>wl;>1al 4-:)01l.lb:l~0)

1 2 3 4 5 6 I I I I

I

Note: The size of the paper was F'cap folio-Printed on both sides 128 APPENDIX XXIV-contd. (15) CENSUS OF INDIA 1961

BLOCK AND CIRCLE REGISTER

Name of District ...... Code No...... Name of Town/Village/Forest

Name of Taluk...... Code No ...... Division...... Code No ......

SPECIAL BLOCKS Name and address v v g of the Enumerator. '0 .s .:.: Name/No. of ...... () :0 First and Note: Below the U 0 Name and address of Ward/Name v last Nos. Name and address v 00 .... i Serial ~ of Desoml enter also the first .c: No. of I the Enumerator. .s of house -' .... e~ First and last Note: Below the Name Kara/Muri/ and last No. of .... '1:S'~ the block .S- '0 holds in 0 '1:Si: Nos. of and address enter also Forest Range/ the Census build- ~o in which 8 o the block households I the first and last No. Special area ings in the area I 0 '1:S§< the spec- ~ Z as(From Z lalZl .... in the special I of the Census buildings and full covered by the I ial block 0 block as in the area covered by Code No. ~ I i~:::::::::) , block as (From ... J ~ v I, loca"d 0 (From...... the block as (From ...... 8 ..::I ·to 0 I I ...... I...... IZl -; ...... to ...... ) to ...... ) ...... ) ~ I Z Z I '_-- -- I 1 ) 2 I 3 4 5 7 9 10 I I

1 I (Left hand even page)

CENSUS NUMBERS OF HOUSEHOLDS

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 6 7 8 I I I I i I i i I I ) ! I I i , I I

I I I I I I

i

I

I I I Ij (Right hand odd page) Note: The size of the paper was 26" x 20" 129 APPENDIX XXIV--contd. ( 16) merely read but cannot write); L (for person wbo can Abbreviations to be used in Reply to Questions both read and write). For educational standards achieved write in full. Write in full answers for question 1 (a). 1 (b), 5 (c), QUESTION 8: WORKING AS CULTIVATOR 7 (a), 10 (a), 10 (b), 11 (a), 11 (b) and 11 (d)-Write C (for person working as cultivator). Write 'X' for abbreviations for the remaining que'ltions as follows:­ all others. QUESTION 2: AGE LAST BIRTHDAY QUESTiON 9: WORKING AS AGRICULTURAL LABOURER o (for infants below 1 year) AL (for person working as agricultural labourer). Note the age in completed years for others. Write' X' for all others. QUESTION 3: MARITAL STATUS QUESTION 10 (c): IF EMPLOYEE NM (for Never Married) ; M (for Married); W (for EE (for person working as a paid employee in house­ Widowed); S (for Separated or Divorced). hold industry). Write' X' for all others. QUESTION 4 (a) : BIRTHPLACE QUESTION 11 (c): CLASS OF WORKER PL (for person born in village or town in which enu­ MR (for Employer); EE (for Employee); Syv (for merated); D (for person born in another village or Single Worker) ; FW (for Family Worker). Wnte 'X' town of the district in which enumerated). In all other for others. cases write in full according to instructions. QUESTION 12: ACTIVITY IF NOT WORKING QUESTION 4 (b): BORN R/U ST (for full-time students doing no other work); H\:V R (for born in a village); U (for born in a place (for housewives or other adult females who do domestIc which is now regarded as a town). duties but no other work); D (for infants and other QUESTION 4 (C): DU:l.ATION OF RESIDENCE dependents who do not work): R (for retired persons X (for person born in village or town or city in which doing no work again, receivers of agricultural or non­ enumerated) ; 0 (for duration under one year). Write agricultural rent, royalty or divid~nd) ; B. (f~r b~ggars, actual years of residence for duration of one year and vagrants, independent women Without mdlcatlOn of over. source of income, others of unspecified SOUrce of existence); I (for inmates of penal, mental. and charit­ QUESTION 5 (a) : NATIONALITY able institutions); NE (for persons seekmg employ­ I (for Indian Nationals). For others write in full. ment for the first time) ; UN (for persons . employed QUESTION 5 (b): RELIGION before but now out of employment and seekmg work). H (for Hindu); M (for Muslim); C (for Christian) ; Write' X ' for persons working. J (for Jain); B (for Buddhist); S (for Sikh). For QUESTION 13: SEX other religions write in full. M (for Males) ; F (for Females).

1. Name ...... •.•.. 2. Date of Bil thO'", ...... 3. Designation & Office Address (if emp{oyed) ...... 4. Permanent Address ...... 5. (a) Male! ( ) 8. Academic Qualifications (Answer Fully) (b) Female () Degree/Diploma Subjects taken DivIS' I'on Y f . 6, (a) Never Married/ ( ) ear 0 Passmg (b) Married ( ) 7. On Feb. 1,1961 were you: (a) Employed? ( ) ifso, monthly total income Rs .... (b) Full-time student? ( ) If emp!oyedjill In Qs 9-12 11. Where employed? (c) Unemployed? ( ) 9. Nature of employment:- a Public Sector ( ) if so, how long? a Teaching in School ( ) b Private Sector ( ) ...... yrs ...... Mths. b Teaching in College () c Self employment ( ) (d) Retired '1 ( c Technical in Industry ( ) 12. How employed? d Technical outside a Permanent ( ) Industry () b Temporary ( ) e Non-technical ( ) c On contract ( ) 10. Any Research Assignment? d Research Yes ( ) I No ( ) Scholar etc. ( ) e Otherwise ( ) Date Signature ]30 APPENDIX XXIV-concld.

CARD FOR THE ENUMERATION OF TECHNICALLY QUALIFIED PERSONs-contd.

(Reverse) BUSINESS REPLY CARD

Postage INo Postage will be NEW DELID G. P. O. necessary paid by the PERMIT No. 1518 if posted Addressee. in India

The Registrar General, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, 2A, Man Singh Road, NEW DELID - 11

Note: Printed on pulp board of size 5i" x 3f'

(18) No. of cards left with house-, holds with instructions to fill ~ ...... Supervisor's/Enumerator's Return of the Cards for the up and post J enumeration of technically qualified persons* Balance Name of the District ...... Code No ...... Total No. of cards returned} Name of the Taluk ...... , .... , .. Code No ...... , .. to the Circle Supervisor/ ...... Charge Officer Name Code No ...... Forest of.t~e.DIvIsIOn To/wSn/~illlage/ pecla area lJ ...... Name & Signature a/the Supervisor/the Enumerator Name of the Ward/Desom, , I Muri, Kara, Forest Division, ~ ...... Code No ...... Special area J * This form should be filled up for each Block by the enu­ Serial No. of the Circle ...... merator and for each circle by the Supervisor. When the enumerator is filling up the form, score off the words Serial No. oftbe block ...... " Supervisol'S " in the first item and" Supervisor" in the No. of cards received for the "1 last item. When the Supervisor fills up the form, score enumeration of persons with L off the words "Enumemtor's" in the first item and technical qualifications in the 1.... ·...... · "'''''' " Enumerator ., in the last item. Block J No. of cards received filled up ...... Note: The size of the paper was 6i" x 10"

131 APPENDIX XXV

NUMBER OF FORMS OTHER THAN ENUMERATION SCHEDULES SUPPLIED AND USED

Block and Circle Register Appointment forms of Appointment forms of Circle Supervisors Enumerators ,------~~-"------~. Cover Inner sheet ,-___..,A__---... -"--___, -'-----, ,----"--~---, Name of District Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (;annanore District 512 465 2,566 2,385 33 33 1,638 1,638 Kozhikode 685 4,986 3,465 " 933 30 30 2,202 2,202 Palghat 685 496 3,377 2,525 30 30 1,590 1,590 Trichur 487 400 2,548 2,110 30 30 1,506 1,506 Emakulam 550 465 2,466 2,453 38 38 1,584 1,584 Kottayam " 621 508 2,936 2,659 39 39 1,512 1,512 Alleppey 657 475 3,418 2,450 33 33 1,554 1,554 Quilon 747 545 3,847 2,745 33 33 1,776 1,776 Trivandrum " 615 461 3,248 2,345 27 27 1,608 1,608 Total 5,807 4,500 29,392 23,137 293 293 14,970 14,970-

Total Printed 8,000 40,000 400 19,200

Block Abstract

-A-- Malayalam Tamil Kannada Circle Summary Charge Summary ,-__..A___---. ----. ~~---"------, ,-~ Name of District Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Cannanore District 3,222 2,924 475 302 556 438 23 21 Kozikode " 4,619 4,005 818 635 25 23 Palghat 3,594 2,998 590 463 24 21 Trichur " 3,203 2,803 479 381 24 23 Ernakulam 3,884 2,969 559 430 38 35 Kottayam " 3,417 2,856 4i9 203 664 477 32 31 Alleppey 566 " 3,344 2,866 445 31 29 Quilon .. 3,790 3,258 651 509 26 23 Trivandrum .. 2,985 2,709 534 420 23 22 Total 32,058 27,388 479 203 475 3112 5,417 4,198 246 228

Total Printed 38,790 500 1,000 6,300 300

132 APPENDIX XXV-contd.

NUMBER OF FORMS OTHER THAN ENUMERA1l0N SCHEOULES SUPPLIED ANO USED (contd.)

Abbreviations printed on pulp board r-- Receipt for Progress Report Progre~s Report Malayalam Tamil Kannada Census forms of Enumeration of Training ---"__ .----A------t ___.._ ,.----..A------,...----'-----, Sup- Sup- __.,._.._.._ Name of District Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used plied Used plied Used Supplied Used

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Cannanore District 16,226 9,545 478 254 3,363 2,880 432 359 2,967 1,987 Kozbikode 23,521 11,004 482 265 5,068 4,150 4,426 3,254 Palgbat " 23,790 14,916 336 241 3,448 3,031 3,039 2,845 Trichur 14,074 10,992 508 304 2,945 2,530 2,596 1,873 Emakulam " 16,546 11,819 942 620 3,369 2,938 3,008 2,549 Kottayam 17,085 11,995 614 401 3,341 3,lR7 368 175 3,276 2,765 Alleppey " 16,664 10,466 560 337 3,467 2,955 3,058 2,540 Quilon " 18,766 10,994 350 220 3,898 3,310 3,432 2,893 Trivandrum " 15,518 10,204 286 190 3,292 2,836 2,897 1,859-

Total 162,190 101,935 4,556 2,832 32,191 27,817 368 175 432 359 28,699 22,565

Total Printed 183,000 4,600 43,900 400 450 31,000

Houselist Extract Instructions to Enumerators Volumes I, II and III r------.A.- ., ---"--- Malayalam Tamil Kannada Malayalam Tamil Kannada ,.--J'-----, Sup- Sup- Sup- Sup- Name of District ----Supplied Used plied Used plied Used .-----Supplied Used plied Used plied Use~ 1 32 33 34 35 36 37" 38 39 40 41 42 43

Cannanore District 11,239 9,540 950 823 3,122 2,865 1,000 892 Kozhikode 17,027 13,860 4,659 4,182 PaJgbat 11,431 ]0,100 3,242 3,041 Trichur " 9,900 8,440 2,756 2,530 Ernakulam 11,363 9,812 3,]58 2,938 Kottayam 11,603 10,636 952 635 3,454 3,197 1,159 938 Alleppey 11,600 9,800 3,190 I 2,955 Quilon " 13,020 11,080 3,604 3,320 Trivandrum 11,030 9,380 3,074 2,836

Total 108,213 92,648 952 635 950 823 30,259 27,864 1,159 938 1,000 892

Total Printed 125,000 1,000 1,000 38,000 1,250 1,050

133 APPENDIX XXV-eontd..

NUMBER Of FORMS OTHER THAN ENUMERATION SCHEDULES SUPPLIED AND USED (contd.) Questions to be asked by Enumerators ,----_____.:.-_..A.. ______...,

Block Label Circle Label Malayalam Tamil Kannada .-A ,-----'-----... ,----'---, ~---. Name of District Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used

44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Cannanore District 3,325 3,001 924 895 3,122 2,845 1,000 895 Kozhikode 4,838 4,264 1,137 1,975 4,659 4,120 Pal ghat 3,445 3,152 1,422 1,008 3.242 3,048 Trichur " 2,967 2,649 835 728 2,756 2,527 Ernakulam 3,362 3,095 1,050 952 3,158 2,939 Kottayam 3,654 3,352 1,224 1,013 3,454 3,175 1,159 938 Alleppey 3,392 3,123 1,347 I,O?5 3,19q 2,928 Quilon " 3,824 3,428 1,632 1,128 3,604 3,315 Trivandrum 3,272 2,979 1,227 1,009 3,074 2,842

Total 32,079 29,043 11,798 9,733 30,259 27,739 1,159 938 1,000 895

Total Printed 34,000 12,500 38,000 1,250 1,050

Explanation of Abbreviations Abstract on the cover of the Household Schedule ,..-______..A... ______..., ,..-______..A.. ______...,

English Malayalam Tamil Kannada English Malayalam Tamil Kannada ,.--"--, ,..---_.A..__ ---., ,-~ ,---"-----., ~~Sup- Sup- Us- Sup- Sup- Sup- pli- Us- Sup- Us- Sup- Name of District plied ed plied Used plied Used plied Used ed ed Supplied Used" plied ed plied Used

l' 54 55 56 57 58 '59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 Cannanore District 9 9 10,867 10,440 1,050 1,000 9 9 10,867 10,440 1,050 1,000 Kozbikode 17,363 16,844 17,363 16,844 Palghat 12,129 11 ,414 12,129 11,414 Trichur 11,454 10,532 11,454 10,532 Ernakulam " 59 41 12,550 11,951 59 41 12,550 11,951 Kottayam 10,800 10,263 1,344890 10,800 10,263 1,344 890 Alleppey 13,483 11,638 13,483 11,638

Quilon 13,133 12,428 13,133 12,428 '" Trivandrum " 9 5 11,784 11,204 9 5 11,784 11,204

Total 77 55 113,563 106,714 1,344 890 1,050 1,000 77 55 113,563 106,714 1,344 890 1,050 1,000-

Total Printed 800 124,000 1,650 1,520 800 124,000 1,650 1,520

134 APPENDIX XXV-concld.

NUMBER OF FORMS OTHER THAN ENUMERATION SCHEDULES SUPPLIED AND USED (concld.)

Statement of Code Books Instructions to Honoraria for Appointment of -----'- the Supervisors Census work Charge Officers No. of Hou$elist Abstract ,----"------, ~---, ,---A-----, copies r--__A_-----. Name of District Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used printed Supplied Used Supplied Used 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Cannanore District 526 432 58 58 14 11 1,050 1,000 954 1,622 1,622 Kozhikode 799 623 81 81 13 10 1,400 1,256 1,254 2,027 2,027 Palghat 1,175 " 582 449 60 60 13 10 1,127 1,038 1,759 1,759 Trichur 462 375 47 47 13 10 1,000 985 972 2,104 2,104 Emakulam 542 410 62 62 22 19 1,000 993 867 1,976 1,976 Kottayam 644 427 62 62 16 13 1,000 928 924 1,431 1,431 Alleppey 552 472 51 54 15 12 1,000 955 943 1,741 1,741 -Quilon " 633 522 71 71 14 11 1,000 958 947 1,834 1,834 Trivandrum 532 429 5) 51 12 9 1,000 932 915 1,216 1,216

Total 5,272 4,139 546 546 132 105 9,625 9,134 8,814 15,710 15,710

Total Printed 5,550 1,400 250 16,700

Instructions for House Numbering and Houselisting r------..A_------. Weekly Progress Reports Malayalam Tamil Kannada r------A---_____ r----A. r---....__-_____ Name of District ------_Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used Supplied Used 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88

Cannanore District 2,550 2,550 565 565 3J() 300 Kozhikode 5,910 5,910 776 776 Palghat 5,625 5,625 786 786 Trichur 3,075 3,075 427 427 Ernakulam 3,225 3,225 529 529 Kottayam 2,275 2,275 370 370 100 10 AUeppey 2,300 2,300 382 382 -,. Quilon " 2,450 2,450 389 389 Trivandrum 2,000 2,003 377 377

Total 29,410 29,410 4,601 4,601 100 10 300 300

Total Printed 55,300 7,500 150 350

135 APPENDIX XXVI

NUMBER OF ENUMERATION SCHEDULES SUPPLIED AND USED

Household Schedules ,- ..A.______50 Schedule pads 25 Schedule pads Houselist forms (000)* ---"--- English Malayalam English Malayalam ~ ,-.A..., English Malayalam Tamil Kannada "0 "0 r---"----., ,.---A._, _____-- ,---.A-----., ,..----"---, .~ .~ 0."0 0- "0 Sup- Sup- Us- Sup- Us- Sup- Po 0 Po 0 ------::: ::: District plied Used Supplied Used plied ed SuppJied Used plied ed plied Used VJ ~'" VJ ;:>'" 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Cannanore 614 614 40,744 36,000 4 4 4,760 4,572 350 330 5 5 6,107 5,868 Kozhikode 805 805 56,785 45,000 7,530 7,216 9,833 9,628 Palghat 759 759 45,109 25,838 5,198 4.892 6,931 6,522 Trichur 447 447 43,010 37,000 4,829 4;507 6,625 6,025 Ernakulam 568 568 50,115 42,000 25 21 5,382 5,112 34 20 7,168 6,839 Kottayam 387 387 47,798 38,000 4,645 4,539 373 230 6,155 5,724 Alleppey 344 344 46,655 39,000 5,738 4,988 7,745 6,650 Quilon 395 395 47,605 36,000 5,647 5,322 7,486 7,106 . Trivandrum 332 256 43",265 40,000 3 2 5,102 4,802 6 3 6,682 6,402

Total 4,651 4,575 421,086 338,838 32 27 48,831 45,950 373 230 350 330 45 28 64,73260,764-

Total Printed 14,440 428,100 34 49,550 400 400 50 67,700

Household Individual Slips Schedules-concld. ,- 25 Schedule pads 100 Slip pads 25 Slip pads"' ,..-----"------, ,.------"-- _____.)..__------., Engl- Engl- Tamil Kannada ish Malayalam Tamil Kannada ish Malayalam Tamil Kannada ,..---"--, ,.---"----, ,.---"--. ~ ,---A.-----, ,..--A., ,..------'---, ,..-_-A._, '---'--1 "0 "0 "0 "0 "0 "0 "0 "0 "0 "0 0) .~ .~ .~ .~ .~ .!!l .!!l .!!l .~ P. "0 0. "0 "i5. "0 "i5. "0 "i5. "0 "i5. "0 "i5. "0 "i5.. "0 "0 A "0 0 Q) O) ~ d) Dis- Po 0 O) g. ~ 0. Po 0. 0 Po 0 0. 0. d) ::: g- ::s '" ;:) ;::l g- ;::l '" ;::l ;::l trict til ;:J'" til :5 tr.l ::> VJ ::> r71 til ;:J'" til ;:>'" til ::> til ::>'" til :3 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Cannanore ... 700 670 17 17 15,779 15,156 '" 1,250 1,225 20 18 14,202 14,089 2,0001,980 Kozhikode ...... 20,564 20,342 25,990 25,804 Pal ghat ... • 0 •••• 17,326 16,368 17,328 16,198 Trichur ...... 16,246 15,124 16,107 14,624 Ernakulam ...... 76 54 18,020 17,008 7750 18,198 17,408 Kottayam 971 660 16,679 14,412 837 830 16,758 12,791 2,877 2,203 Alleppey 17,745 17,587 17,749 17,437 Quilon 18,749 17,709 18,745 17,909 Trivan- drum ... 12 10 16,601 16,225 12 10 16,600 16,500

Total 971 660 700 670 105 81 157,709 149,931 837830 1,2501,225109 78 161,677 152,760 2,877 2,203 2,000 1,980 Total Printed 1,140 800 115 167,334 1,385 1,400 115 175,230 4,160 1,392

* Houselist forms were supplied only in English and Malayalam

136 APPENDIX XXVII

BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR '958-1959, 1959-1960, 1960-1961 and 1961-1962

Budget Estimates Actual Expenditure

-A-- Head of Account Description """""'\ 58-59 59-60 60-61 61-62 58-59 59-60 60-61

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rs. nP. Rs. nP. Rs. nP. Rs. nP. Rs. nP. A. Superintendence A. 1. Pay of Officers 16,600.00 25,500.00 31,400.00 16,253.72 24,470.73 A. 2. Pay of Establishment 24,750.00 39,700.00 66,400.00 17,983.85 39,168.90 A. 3. Allowances etc. 21,300.00 25,700.00 28,200.00 15,369.67 26,388.59 A. 4. Other charges 30,800.00 51,000.00 23,800.00 72,817.90 49,970.52 Total A. Superintendence' 93,450.00 141,900.00 149,800.00 ... 122,425.14 139,998.74,

B. Enumeration• B. 1. Pay of Establishment 56,600.00 16,500.00 35,816.59 B. 2. Allowances etc. 95,900.00 20,800.00 43,667.52 B. 3. Honorarium to Enume- ration staff 116,000.00 261,500.00 114,256.84 B. 4. Other charges 44,000.00 15,000.00 42,105.15 Total B. Enumeration 312,500.00 313,800.00 235,846.16

C. Abstraction and C. 1. Pay of Officers 10,900.00 18,800.00 8,311.84 Compilation C. 2. Pay of Establishment 25,400.00 441,300.00 23,163.08 C. 3. Allowances etc. 8,100.00 451,400.00 6,628.74 C. 4. Other charges 55,700.00 50,600.00 32,754.66 Total C. Abstraction and Compilation 100,100.00 962,100.00 70,858.32

D. Printing and Stationery 12,000.00 20,000.00 50,500.00 3,976.29 23,253.54

E. Miscellaneous Staff

Grand Total 105,450.(1) 574,500.00 1,476,200.00 ... 126,401.43 469,956.70

137 APPENDIX XXVIII DISTRICT CENSUS CHARGES (DISTRICT/TA,LUK ETC. ESTABLISHMENT) DISTRICT OFFICE ESTABLISHMENT D_ A.and Sl. other No. From To Pay allowances District Particulars of Staff date date Rs_ nP_ Rs_ nP. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Trivandrum District Census Officer's Office ) 1 Upper Division Clerk 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 2,566-34 1,492"13 1 Lower Division Clerk 1 Peon } Total 2,566-34 1,492-13 2_ Quilon District Census Officer's Office ) 1 Upper Division Clerk 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 2,822-18 1,791-21 1 Lower Division Clerk I~ 1 Peon J Total 2,822-18 1,791-21• 3_ Alleppey District Census Officer's Office 1 Upper Division Clerk 1- 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 2,259-22 1,357-]9 1 Lower Division Clerk I 1 Peon J Total 2,259-22 1,357-19 4_ Kottayam District Census Officer's Office 1 Upper Division Clerk 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 1,939-69 1,494-80 1 Lower Division Clerk 1I 1 Peon J Total 1,93%9 1,494-80 S. Ernakulam District Census Officer's Office 1 Upper Division Clerk 1-3·1960 20-4·1961 2,096-20 1 Lower Division Clerk } 1,459-89 1 Peon Total 2,096-20 1,459_89 6_ Trichur District Census Officer's Office l 1 Upper Division Clerk )- 1-3-1960 20·4- 1961 2,666'73 1,515-43 1 Lower Division Clerk I 1 Peon J Total 2,666-73 1,515-43 7_ Palgbat District Census Officer's Office l 1 Upper Division Clerk )- 1-3-1960 20-4·1961 2,130-36 1,523-12 1 Lower Division Clerk I 1 Peon J Total 2,130-36 1,523-12 8_ Kozhikode District Census Officer's Office 1 Upper Division Clerk 1-3-1960 1 Lower Division Clerk 1 20-4·1961 2,158-52 1,398-24 1 Peon J Total 2,158-52 1,398-24 9_ Cannanore District Census Officer's Office 1 Upper Division Clerk 20-4-1961 1 Lower Division Clerk } 1-3-1960 2,630-13 1,591-26 1 Peon Total 2,630-13 ],591-26

138 APPENDIX XXVIII-conld.

DISTRICT CENSUS CHARGES (DISTRICT/TALUK ETC. ESTABLISHMENT)-(contd.)

TALUK/THANA/CITY ETC. ESTABLISHMENT D. A. and other Sl. From To Pay allowances No. District Particulars of Staff date date Rll. nP, Rs. nP. T.A.

2 8 9 10 11 12 13 1. Trivandrum 4 Taluks - 4 Lower Division Clerks 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 2,780'36 2,189'99 Corporation, Trivandrum-l Upper Divi- sion Clerk ' 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 1,115'42 582'66 Clerical allowance to 2 Municipalities 273'34 1 Divisional Forest Officer's Office- 1 Lower Division Clerk 1-3-1960 2-5-1961 544'33 517'67 1,976,72 Total 4,440'11 3,563'66 1,976'72 2, Quilon 6 Taluks - 6 Lower Division Clerks 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 4,812'31 3,289'67 2,717'99 Clerical allowance to 1 Municipality 136'67 4 Divisional Forest Officer's Offices- 4 Lower Division Clerks 1-3-1960 2-5-1961 2,110'62 2,242'24 Total 6,922,93 5,668'58 2,717'99 3, Alleppey 7 Taluks • 7 Lower Division Clerks 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 6,529'24 3,893'14 2,965'08 Alleppey Municipality - 1 Upper Divis- ion Clerk 1,568'67 519'33 Clerical allowance to 4 Municipalities, 546'68 " Total 8,097,91 4,959'15 2,965'08 4. Kottayam 8 Taluks - 8 Lower Division Clerks 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 5,680'42 4,369'20 3,212'17 Clerical allowance to 4 Municipalities 546'68 1 Divisional Forest Officer's Office- 1 Lower Division Clerk " 2-5-1961 1,054'13 524'87 Total 6,734'55 5,440'75 3,212'17 5, Ernakulam 7 Taluks - 7 Lower Division Clerks 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 4,791']5 3,876'54 3,706'44 Clerical allowance to 7 Municipalities 956'69 1 Divisional Forest Officer's Office- " 1 Lower Division Clerk 2-5-1961 677'59 367'30 Total 5,468'74 5,200,53 3,706'44 6, Trichur 5 Taluks - 5 Lower Division Clerks 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 4,420'42 2,205'07 2,471'10 Clerical allowance to 3 Municipalities 410'01 2 Divisional Forest Officer's Offices- 2 Lower Division Clerks 2-5-1961 1,076'51 1,033'63 Total 5,496'93 3,648'71 2,471'10 I 7, Palghat 6 Taluks - 6 Lower Division Clerks 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 3,573'22 3,180'30 2,471'10 Clerical allowance to 2 Municipalities 273'34 2 Divisional Forest Officer's Offices- 2 Lower Division Clerks 2-5-1961 866'32 848'72 Total 4,439'54 4,302'36 2,471'10 8, Kozhikode 6 Taluks - 6 Lower Division Clerks 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 3,402-75 3,400'77 2,470'93 Kozhikode Municipality-l Upper Divis- ion Clerk 1,431'95 529'88 Clerical allowance to 1 Municipality ,_ 136'67 2 Divisional Fotest Officer's Offices- 2 Lower Division Clerks " 2-5-1961 1,101'97 1,029-87 Total 5,936'67 5,097'19 2,470'93 9. Cannanore 6 Taluks - 6 Lower Division Clerks 1-3-1960 20-4-1961 3,472'31 3,138'61 2,223'81 Clerical allowance to 2 Municipalities 273-34 1 Divisional Forest Officer'S Office- 1 Lower Division Clerk 1-3-1960 2-5-1961 527'79 804'43 Total 4,000'10 4,216'38 2,223'81 139 APPENDIX XXIX

DISTRICT CENSUS CHARGES

(HONORARIUM TO THE ENUMERATION STAff)

House numbering Enumeration Post enume­ ----.. ration check Honorarium ,--____Honorarium' J---___ paid"'* ----, -"--- paid* f;! .8 ~ Supervision 'Enumeration ~ .::2 .... ~ _...._ c r--.A.---, '0 E ...---'----- Total 60- z 61- .::s '!~0::s 60- en District 60-61 62 ~~ Zrn 61 61·-62 61 61-62 60-61---- 61-62 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 Cannanore 259 228 13,711'111 Nil 2,377 428 Nil 10,205'00 Nil 37,240'69 24 240'00 13,711'81 47,685'69 2 Kozhikode 343 388 17,547'72 Nil 3,447 624 Nil 15,513'75 Nil 52,159'50 35 350'00 17,547'72 68,023'25 3 Palgh?t 306 338 13,416'06 Nil 2,472 451 Nil 9,852'50 Nil 35,397"80 25 250'00 13,416'06 45,500'30 4 Trichur 168 183 10,791'47 Nil 2,045 363 Nil 7,708'75 Nil 29,600'05 19 190'00 10,791'47 37,498'80 5 Ernakulam 140 210 11,738'78 Nil 2,444 419 Nil 9,022'50 Nil 35,113"00 25 250'00 11,738'78 44,385'50 6 Kottayam 111 193 14,321'80 Nil 2,654 458 Nil 12,813'50 Nil 50,529'50 25 250'00 14,321'80 63,593'00 7 Alleppey 113 164 9,685'94 Nil 2,460 432 Nil 9,226'25 Nil 37,438'74 25 250'00 9,685'94 46,914'99 8 Quilon 139 166 12,849'12 Nil 2,795 496 Nil 10,318'25 Nil 39,493'00 26 260'00 12,849'12 50,071'25 9 Trivandrum 100 161 9,628'90 Nil 2,290 411 Nil 8,973'75 Nil 34,125'84 26 260'00 9,628'90 43,359'59

Total 1,6792,031 113,691'60 Nil 22,984 4,082 Nil 93,634'25 Nil 351,098'12 230 2,300'00113,691'60447,032'37'

'" In addition to the amount noted a sum of Rs. 4,098'24 was spent being the cost of stencil and taxi charges for distribution etc. and a sum of Rs. 1,650'90 was paid to the chainmen in Udumbanchola taluk in Kottayam District, ** In addition to the amount noted a sum of Rs, 12,855.35 was spent being the cost of pa;;king materials and stamps and Rs, 1.43'03 being the hire charges of boats and gunmen charges,

STATEMENT SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF IiDNORARIUM FOR HOUSE NUMBERING AND HOUSELISTING

Amount of Area in sq. Amount of Population honorarium Total amount Amount re- miles allow- honorarium as revealed on the basis of honora- funded Name of ed for hono- on the basis by house- of popula- rium CCols. Advance Balance from each District rarium of area lists tion 3+5) paid paid district 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Cannanore 2,048'38 6,569'67 1,727,614 7,146'68 13,716'35 337'65 13,378'70 4'54 2 Kozhikode 2,222'97 7,129'62 2,522,365 10,434'35 17,563"97 582'00 16,981'97 16'25 3 Palghat 1,925'00 6,173'93 1,752,466 7,249'51 13,423"44 507'00 12,916'44 7'38 4 Trichur 1,264'96 4,057'03 1,627,954 6,734'44 10,791'47 280'50 10,510'97 5 Ernakulam 1,334'63 4,280'48 1,819,117 7,525'23 11,805'71 301'50 11,504'21 66'93 6 Kottayam .2,282'30 7,319'91 1,694,116 7,008'n 14,328'03 279'00 14,049'03 6'23 7 Alleppey 706'08 2,264'57 1,794,017 7,421'37 9,685'94 246'00 9,439'94 8 Quilon 1,570'83 5,038'04 1,890,374 7,819'99 12,858'03 247'65 12,610'38 8'91 9 Trivandrum 837'95 2,687'50 1,677,977 6,941'40 9,628-90 240'CO 9,388'90

Total 14,193"10 45,520'75 16,506,000 68,281'09 113,801'84 3,021'30 110,780'54 110'24

140 APPENDIX XXIX-contd.

.DISTRICT CENSUS CHARGEs-(contd.) STATEMENT SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF HONORARIUM FOR ENUMERATION . SUPERVISORS OF GENERAL BLOCKS . ;;. :> ;;.. .!,:. ;;.. ::. :> '0 'u 'u '0 0 '8 0 8 0 0 ·8 , 11.1 11.1 ~ . e . e ... e ... . e . 0 .,... 0 .,... 0 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 ('I \0 .,... ..d 0- ...,-- C'I-- -- ..d --,_, -- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Total 254 8,890'00 1 25'00 3,800 76,000'00 1 16'00 3 45'00 1 12'00 15 150'00 Total amount for the Supervisors: Rs. 85,138'00

ENUMERATOM OF GENERAL BLOCKS

I > >. ::- >. :>. >. 'OJ '0 'OJ '0 '0 0 0 'v 0 0 0 . - ",\0 ",Ir> ~..,. "'('1 @ @) @) @) .,,"" @) .""" @J ... - ... - ....

Total 1,287 32,175-00 9 144'00 19,052 285,780-00 1 14'15 1 13'49 1 13'25 141 APPENDIX XXIX.....,.contd.

DISTRICT CENSUS CHARGES-(conI d.) STATEMENT SHOWING THE DlSTlUBUTION OF HONORARIUM FOil ENUMERATlON-(contd.) Eto."UMEllATORS OF GIlNIlR¥- BLOCJ'S (contd.) , ;:. . :> :> ::. '<)>- *8 *8 0 ·8 .~ u u 0'1 0'1 I' e e \0 ... I' ... II'> , 0 0 0 "" 0 N ,g °N ..d 6 6 ..d 0- i ~ ~ ~ ~ ",0'1 ul -.; ",I' ",; ",I' ",; ",; - ~O\ - - - 1':\0 cl' 1':11'> '"C, ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ 0- ~ o·",N 0 o·",0 ",0o· @) toN @) @) @) ",0 @) ... <1) • ... <1) • ... - ... - u -• ~- - '8,,,,; 0.'" .... 0."; 0,'" Q Q 0.'" 'E c 'E .... ~ ::s .... ~ ::s .... ~ ::s .... ~ ::s 'O~ ::s 0. ..., 0 ~..., 0 c:..., 0 c:..., 0 . ..., 0 Name of OQJ a OQJ a 0<1) a OQJ a 0<1) a District Z <: Z <: z <: Z <: Z <: 1 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 1 Cannanore 1 12'69 19 190'00 2 Kozhikode 11 1l0"{)() 3 Palghat 1 10'77 18 180'00 4 Trichur 1 10'57 13 130'00 5 Ernakulam 25 250'00 6 Kottayam 4 40'00 7 Alleppey 6 60'00 8 Quilon 21 210'00 9 Trivandrum 1 12'09 6 60'00 Total 1 12'69 1 12'09 1 10'77 1 10'57 1Z3 12,30'00

Enumerators and Supervisors of Enumerators of ENUMERATORS OF GENERAL BLOCKS (coneld.) special blocks ports , , , :> ::. :> ::. :> '0 .;:) 0<1) ."0 0 "8 '8 <"I u 00 u ... eo e .,...... e , 0 N 0 ° Cf' 0 0 ..d ...... d ..d 0- ..d ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ",; ~ .,; rn<"l mO .; "'00 -,;, ",; COO - c, ~ Ceo c, '" g.,. ~ t:t: '" t:t: 0--- ~ ON ",- o· 0--- ",0 @) @ ",- @) "'0 @ @) u~- . ... - ...u ~- di-: 0.'" Q 8.",; 0.'-';- 0.'; 0.", ~ 'E 'E 1:i i5 .... ::s 'O~ ::s '0 PI': ::s 'O~ ::s 'O~ ::s ~..., 0 ...., 0 . ..., 0 . ..., 0 . ..., 0 Name of OQJ a OQJ a OQJ 8 OQJ a OQJ 8 District Z

Total amount for the Enumerators of general blocks: Rs. 319,452'12 Total amount for the Enumerators and Supervisors of special blocks and ports Rs. 6,040'00 142 APPENDIX XXIX-contd.

STATEMENT SHOWING THE DISl1UBUTION OF J{ONORARIUM FOR ENUMERATION-(Contd,) RESERVE ENUMERATORS AND SUPERVISORS , , , , .::: :> > > CI) 'il .e '0 (.) '8 u... e ...u ~ 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 .,., 0 II'l 0 II'l 0 .,., 0 .,., N ..c: r=... ..c: rti .;, ..c: ~ ~ 13: ~ 13: or. II] rA rA rJl rA "'0 rA

Total 1,204 3,010'00 440 3,300'00 121 423'50 103 463'50 38 209'00

Total amount for the reserve hands: Rs, 7,406'00

ENUMERATORS AND SUPERVISORS WHO RECEIVED ADDITIONAL HONORARIUM

No, of persons who enumera- ted more than 50% of the normal number of house- Enumerators No. of persons holds in a block in addition Amount and Sup~r· Amount Name of appointed beyond Amount to the normal number of @ visors of @ District 5 miles @ Rs, 11'25 households Rs.11'25 Kuttanad Rs,11'25 58 59 60 61 62 63 1 Cannanore 308 3,465'00 36 405'00 2 Kozhikode 224 2,520'00 9 101'25 3 Palghat 120 1,350'00 13 146'25 4 Trichur 90 1,012'50 14 157'50 5 Ernakulam 198 2,227'50 8 90'00 6 Kottay~m 583 6,558'75 33 371'25 7 Alleppey 39 438'75 14 157'50 315 3,543'75 8 Quilon 128 1,440'00 5 56'25 9 Trivandrum 226 2,542'50 10 112'50

Total 1,916 21,555'00 142 1,597'50 315 3,543'75

Total amount paid as additional honorarium: Rs, 26,696'25

143 APPENDIX XXIX-concld.

ABSTRACT SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF HONORARIUM DISTRIBUTED FOR HOUSE NUMBERING AND HOUSELISTlNG, ENUMERATION AI:'\D POST-ENUMERATION CHECK Rs. Rs. ports and game sanctuary respectiv- (a) Total amount of honorarium for house ely 143·03 numbering and houselisting @ Rs. 5/­ per 700 persons ( calculated on the basis 3. Amount of honorarium given to the of the houselist population) 1l7,900·07 Supervisors of genelal blocks 85,138·00' ·4. Amount of honorarium given to the 1. Total amount of honorarium paid enumerators of general blocks 3,19,452·12 to Supervisors, Enumerators and Assistants to Enumerators 113,801·84 5. Amount of honorarium given to the Enumerators and Supervisors of 2. Cost of stencils 3,459·50 special blocks and ports 6,040·00 3. Taxi charges for distribution of 6. Amount of honorarium given to the stencils 396·50 reserve EnumeratOi s and Super- visors 7,406·00 4. Cost of petrol for the van for distri- bution of stencils 242·24 7. Additional amount of honorarium Total 117,900·08 given.to the enumeration staff ap­ pointed beyond five miles, Enumera­ tors who enumerated more than 50% (1-, ,.otal amount of honorarium for enu­ of the normal number of households meration at the rate of Rs. 19/- per in a block in addition to the normal 700 persons (calculated on the basis number of households and enumer- of provisional population) 458,041·12 ation staff of Kuttanad taluk 26,696·25 1. The cost of packing materials and Total 457,730·75 stamps 12,855·35 Balance 310·37 2. Amount spent for the hire charges of boats and gunman charges in (c) Total amount paid to 230 verification connection with enumeration in officers at the rate of Rs. 10/- each 2,300·00

APPENDIX XXX

DISTRICT CENSUS CHARGES (OTHER CHARGES)

Local purchase S1. of stat- Miscella- No. District Charges ionery Freight Postage neous Total 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

District Census Officer, Nil 282·80 95·00 3,092·13 3,469·93 Trivandrum 2 Tahsildar, Neyyattinkara 400·00 126·41 526·41 3 Trivandrum 325·00 149·06 474·06 4 " Nedumangad " 355·00 81·51 436·51 5 " Chirayinkil 340·00 128·26 468·26 6 Commissioner, Corporation, Trivandrum " 223·10 79·06 302·16 7 Municipal Commissioner, Neyyattinkara 120·00 51·06 171·06 8 Attingal " 122·50 51·06 173·56 9 Divisional Forest" Officer, Trivandrum " 97'50 53·06 150'56 Total 282·80 2,078·10 3,811·61 6,172·51

144 APPENDIX XXX--contd.

DISTRICT CENSUS CHARGES (OTHER CHARGES)-(contd,)

Local purchase SI, of stat- Miscella- No. District Charge ionery Freight Postage neous Total 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 District Census Officer, Quilon Nil 388'85 95'00 2,417'30 2,901'15 11 Tahsildar, Karunagapally 297'50 123'51 421'01 12 Kottarakara .. 347,50 132'97 480'47 13 " Kunnathur " 287'50 83'99 371'49 ·14 .. Pathanamthitta " 360'00 9R'81 458'81 15 Pathanapuram 325'00 140'86 465'86 16 " Quilon " 395'00 118'22 513'22 17 Municipal" Commissioner, Quilon " 157'50 95'81 253'31 18 Divisional Forest Officer, Punaluf " 95'00 51'06 146'06 19 Thenmala 95'00 51'06 156'06 20 Konni " 97'50 51'06 148'06 21 Rannl 95'00 51'06 146'06

Total 388'85 2,647'50 3,415'71 6,452'06

22 District Census Officer, Alleppey 424'20 95'00 1,934'29 2,4534<} 23 Tahsildar, Ambalapuzha " 215'00 70'51 285'51 24 Karthigapally " 277'50 73'51 351'01 25 " Shertalai " 320'00 71'36 391'36 26 " Thiruvalla " 310'00 73'66 383'66 27 " Chengannur " 255'00 76'66 331'66 28. " Mavelikkara 287'50 106'51 394'01 29 Kuttanad 260'00 85'66 345'66 30 Municipal" Commissioner, AUeppey 190'00 101'46 291'46 31 " Kayamkulam 132'50 59'21 191'71 32 Mavelikkara 120'00 55'26 175'26 33 Thiruvalla " 122'50 51'06 17356 Shertalai 127'50 34 " 51'21 179'71 Total 424'20 2,712'50 2,810'36 5,948'06 35 District Census Officer, Kottayam 459'55 95'00 2,759'66 3,314'21 36 Tahsildar, Kottayam 372'50 156'21 528'71 37 Meenachil " 334'72 84'81 419'53 38 " Peermade " 275'00 53'21 328'21 39 " Devicolam " 287'50 123'01 410'51 40 " Changanacherry " 242'50 87'60 330'10 41 " Kanjirappally " 245'00 95'81 340'81 42 " Udumbanchola " 295'00 1,702'01 1,997'01 43 " Vaikom " 260'00 73'30 333.30 44 Municipal Commissioner, Kottayam " 137'50 51'06 188'56 45 " Changanacherry 130'00 51'06 181'06 46 Vaikom 120'00 51'06 171'06 47 Palai 117'50 5J:06 168'56 Divisional Forest Officer, Kottayam 48 " 97'50 51'06 148'56 Total 459'55 3,009"72 5,390'92 8,860'19 49 District Census Officer, Ernakulam 530'25 95'00 2,372'57 2,998'12 50 Tahsildar, Cochin 235'00 79'51 314'51 51 Alwaye 247'50 51'06 298'56 52 " Kunnathunad 275'00 73'41 348'41 53 Thodupuzha 255'00 89'66 344'66 54 Kanayannur 302'50 94'68 397'18 55 Muvattupuzha 322'50 92'41 414'91 56 Parur 245'00 76'53 321'53

145 APPENDIX XXX-contd,

DISTRICT CENSUS CHARGES (OTHER CHARGES)-(contd,)

Local purchase S}, of sta- Miscella- No, District Charge tionery Freight Postage neous Total 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 57 Municipal Commissioner, Ernakulam Nil 170'00 93'31 263'31 58 " Mattancherry 155'00 82'74 237'74 59 " Cochin 125'00 51'06 176'06 60 Parur 120'00 51'06 171'06 61 " Alwaye 120'00 51'91 171'91 62 " Perumbavoor ,." 120'00 51'06 171'06 63 " Muvattupuzha 122'50 51'06 173'56 64 Divisional F;;rest Officer, Malayattur 100'00 51'06 151'06

Total 530'25 3,010'00 3,413'39 6,953'64 65 District Census Officer, Trichur 35~'50 135'00 2,491'01 2,979'51 66 Tahsildar, Trichur 347'50 140'51 488'01 67 Cranganore 287'50 86'49 373'99 68 Chowghat 305'00 90'31 395'31 69 .. Talappilly 346'99 119'73 466'72 70 " Mukundapuram 382'50 121'78 504'28 71 Municipal Commissioner, Trichur 147'50 75'51 22301 72 " lrinjalakuda 122'50 54'21 176'71 73 Kunnamkulam 120'00 51'06 171'06 74 Divisional F~~est Officer, Trichur 97'50 53'21 150'71 75 Chalakudy 97'50 5}'06 148'56 " " Tolal 353'50 2,389'49 3,334'88 6,077"87 76 District Census Oifcer, Palghat 353'50 95'00 2,107'65 2,556'15 77 Tahsildar, Palghat " 287'50 91'21 378'71 78 " Perinthalmanna 365'00 120'36 455'36 79 " Otta palam 350'00 54'21 404'21 80 " Chittur 305'00 78'10 383'10 81 Ponnani 320'00 84'66 404'66 82 " Alathur 312'50 91'66 404'16 83 Municipal Commissionel", Palghat 106'64 135'41 242'05 84 " Chittur-Thathamangalal11 127'50 51'06 178'56 85 Divisional Forest Officer, Palghat 95'00 51'06 146'06 86 Nemmara 97'50 51'06 148'56

Total 353'50 2,461'64 2,916'44 5,731'58 87 Disrrict Census Officer, Kozhlkode 353'50 95'00 2,362'97 2,811'47 "' 8R Tahsildar, Kozhikode 402'50 211'71 614'21 89 Badagara " 297'50 51'06 348'56 90 Tirur 442'50 136'66 579'16 91 " Ernad 467'50 1l5'11 582'61 92 " Quilandy " 340'00 121'65 461'65 93 " South Wvnad 310'00 55'21 365'21 94 Municipal CommissIoner, Calicut 200'00 81'65 281'65 95 Badagara 132'50 51'06 183'56 96 Divisional FC:;rest Officer, Kozhikode 100'00 51'06 151'06 97 48'68 51'06 99'74 " Nilambur Total 353'50 2,836'18 3,189'20 6,478'88

146 APPENDIX XXX-concld.

DISTRICT CENSUS CHARGES (OTHER CHARGES)-(concld.)

Local purchase SI. of stat- Miscella- No. District Charge ionery Freight Postage neous Total

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9S District Census Officer, Cannanore Nil 31S'15 95'00 2,473'45 2,886'60 99 Tahsildar, Cannanore 312'50 107'31 419'81 100 Tellicherry 395'00 107'11 502'11 101 Taliparamba 337'50 101'81 439'31 102 " Hosdrug 280'00 66'36 346'36 103 Kasaragod " 312'50 73'21 385'71 104 North Wynad 207'50 51'06 258'56 105 Municipal Commissioner, Tellicherry 127'50 51'06 178'56 106 Cannanore " " 132'50 73'51 206'01 107 Divisional Forest Officer, Wynad " 100'00 51'06 151'06 lOS Cantonment Executive Officer, Cannanore 21'02 21'02

Total 318'15 2,321'02 3,155'94 5,795'11 Grand Total 3,464'30 23,466'15 31,539'45 58,469'90

APPENDIX XXXI

STATIONERY INDENTS FOR THE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS

Number of umts Number of units ,----"-----., .-----"----, It em (full description) Unit 1959- 1960- 1961- Item (full description) Unit 1959- 1960- 1961- 60 61 62 60 61 62 1 Typewriters-Brief No, 2 2 24 Paper cream laid Ream & sheet 4-325 25 Paper-semi bleached do. 2 do, Extra 2-3450-1S0 Manifest size No. 26 Blotting paper Sheet 226 100 40 3 Duplicator-Gestetner- 27 Brown paper-Imperial Sheet 3,525 4,000 elec, operated 28 Brown paper-Double F'cap Sheet 4 Calculating Machine- No. 425 300 Facit-elec. operated No. 29 Duplicating paper- Ream & white· absorbent Sheet 5 do. Facit-hand 166-125 operated No, 1 30 Carbon paper-T 0W Ream 1 rm. & 2 rms. & 2 6 Pen holders-clerical No, 29 24 22* qrs, 350 shts. nns. 7 Pen holders-officers No. n 6 31 Carbon paper-T/W-brief 8 Pencil-coloured No. 26 1,044 18 size Sheet 540 50 250 No. 112 153 32 Eraser-ink and pencil No. 17 39 9 9 Pencil-Jj:ad 33 lnk powder-blue black 10 Pencil-copying No. 12 6 Pkt. 34 20 Ball 12 2 24 34 Ink powder-red Pkt. 10 6 11 Thread-cotton 35 Ink-blue black for 12 Wooden rulers No, 11 1 Ball 106 36 24 fountain pen Phial 12 12 12 13 Twine-hemp 36 Eraser-India rubbber No. 227 14 Twine-jute Lb. 54 25 6 Ball 56 24 37 Ink bottle Doz. 2 1 15 Twine-white Doz, 16 Gum-arabic Oz. 154 249 16 38 Pen nibs-steel 41 ~ 17 Office paste No, 5 6 6 39 Uninked pads for rubber 18 Gum brushes No, 3 stamps No. 12 19 Docket punch No, 1 5 2 40 Ribbon-T /W No. 18 18 18 20 Pap~r clips-Gem Box 19 15 12 41 Brushes-T/W long hand- 21 Paper weights-glass No, 2 15 6 led No. 3 3 22 Stapling machine No, 3 2 42 Brushes-T/W-for type 23 Stapling wire Box 7 22 2 cleaning No. 3 3

147 APPENDIX XXXI-contd.

STATIONERY INDENTS FOR THE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONs-(contd.)

Number of units Number of units ,.-----"- ,------"----,. Item (full description) Unit 1959- 1960- 1961- Item (full description) Unit 1959- 1960- 1961- 60 61 62 60 61 62 43 Stylus plate No. 2 84 Signature pad No. 1 44 Ink-duplicator-black Tube 22 50 25 85 Stock file case No. 15 45 Tags No. 4,000 2,000 1,500 86 Writing pad No. 2 46 Paper-TjW Ream & sheet 36-125 36 20 87 Typewriter oil Phial 2 47 Pen nib-red ink Doz. 6 12 24 88 Gum bottle-empty No. 7 2 48 rape-rol) of 50 yards Yard 700 600 89 Thump impression Ink Tube 2 49 Needle-large No. 4 90 Numbering ink Phial 6 15 50 Pjns-~teel Pkt. &, 38 24 pkts. sheet pkts. 173 sheets 91 Envelope-SE. 6 No. 40,000 51 Sealing wax Box 35 92 Ruled book-P'cap- 52 Pin cushion No. 4 3 1 qr. No. 80 40- 53 Ink-violet-for rubber 93 Paper-cream wove- stamp No. 17 2 18 ruled Sheet 180 400 54 St<:ncil paper Qr. 21 33 50 94 Paper-bleached- F'cap Sheet 500 55 Scissors No. 2 2 95 Desk knife No. 2 56 Shorthand note books No. 36 30 20 6 96 Tracing paper Yard 34 57 Weighing balance for letters No. 1 97 Drawing paper- Roll& 2 roils- cartridge Silt. 250 shts. 53 Plain cover No. 200 15,000 98 Envelopes-SE. 4 No. 4,000 59 Ruled book-Fcap 4 qrs. No. 10 99 Ink-red for dupli- cator Tube 80 60 Instantaneous binder No. 2 3 160 100 Drawing brush- 61 Envelopes-S. E. 7 No. 2,375 400 sable hair No. 11 62 Stencil pen No. 2 101 Indian ink-liquid Phial 1 2 200 200 63 Writing paper Sht. 200 102 Drawing pencil No. 7 18 64 Badami paper-Fcap Sht. 87 103 Crowquill nibs No. 12 65 Eraser-T /W No. 2 4 12 104 Pen holder for 66 Call bell No. 2 1 1 crowquill No. 2 67 Wooden blotter No. 2 3 105 Drawing pins No. 12 68 Straw boards No. 100 18 100 106 Saucers for drafts- 69 Binding cloth Yard 25 men Set 70 Duplicating paper- 107 Sponges fOf drafts- unbleached Ream 48 75 men No. 3 7t Blank book-F'cap- 108 Indian ink-stick Oz. 2 ! qr. No. 6 40 109 Mapping pen nibs No. 6 12 72 Blank book-F'cap- 110 Holder for mapping 1 qr. No. 12 pen No. 73 do. 2 qr. No. 106 111 Water colour cake No. g 33 74 Envelopes-S. E. 2 No. 425 400 112 Drawing paper- 75 Blank book-F'cap- Kent Sht. 12 4 qr. No. 6 113 Parallel ruler No. 1 76 Ruled book-F'cap- 114 Wheel parallel ruler No. 1 106 2 qr. No. 115 T. Square No. 1 12 24 77 S:lOrthand pencil No. 116 Set square Set 2 2 78 Ink stand-wooden No. 117 Protractors No. 2 'No. 500 79 Envelopes-SE-7A 118 Architectural scale No. 1 96 96 226 80 Note ~heet block ' No. 119 Road pen No. 1 Phial 2 81 Correcting fluid 120 Grapho set-pelikan Set 1 82 Blank book-F'cap- 121 Dividers No. t '3 qr. No. 2S 122 Instrument box Set 83 Duplicating paper- brief Ream 50 123 Poster colour-white Oz.

148 APPENDIX XXXI-concld.

STATIONERY INDENTS FOR THE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS--(concld.)

Number of units ,..--__.A.. Number of ul1its r-----"------, Item (full description) Unit 1959- 1960- 1961- Item (full description) Unit 1959- 1960- 1961- 60 61 62 60 61 62 124 Drawing boards No. 2 130 Paper-bleached- 20 125 Paper-white-F'cap Rm. D'ble F'cap Rm. & Sht. 4-400 126 Duplicating paper- 131 Carbon-T/W-13"x semi absorbent- 26" Sht. 250 half F'cap size Rm. 25 200 132 Eraser fordraftsmen No. 1 127 Envelopes-S. E. 8 No. 160 133 Bodkins No. 2 128 Envelopes-S. E. 8A No. 80 134 Paperweights-rubber 129 Drawing slants for Doz. colours No. 1 135 Drawing pen No. 1

NOTE:-All the articles of stationery except those contained in lists (a), (b) and (c) were obtained from the Controller oi Stationery, Calcutta.

ITEMS OF STATIONERY PURCHASED FROM SOURCES OTHER THAN THE CONTROLLER OF STATIONERY, CALCUTTA S1. Description Quantity S1. No. No. Description Quantity 1 2 3 t 2 3 List (a)-From the Controller of Stationery, Kerala 33 Saucers for draftsmen 1 set 1 Weighing balance for letters I No. 34 Sponges for draftsmen 3 Nos. 2 Plain covers 15,200 Nos. 35 Indian ink stick 20lS. 10 Nos. 3 Ruled books-F'cap-4 qrs. 36 Mapping pen nibs 6 Nos. 4 Instantaneous binders 5No~. 37 Holder for mapping pens 1 No. 5 Gum Arabic 171bs. 38 Water colour cakes 9 Nos. 6 Loose stock files 15 Nos. 39 Drawing paper-kent 12 sheets 7 Writing pads 2 Nos. 40 Parallel ruler 1 No. 8 Colour pencils 808 Nos. 41 Drawing pen 1 No. 9 Lead pencils 128 Nos. 42 Wheel parallel ruler 1 No. 10 Eraser-ink & pencil 42 Nos. 43 Paper-white-F'cap 20 reams 11 Paper weights-rubber 12 Nos. 12 Brown casing paper 8 reams List (b)-From the State P. W. D. General Stores, -13 Numbering ink 9phia\s Trivandrum 14 Carbon paper-T /W-Brief size 2 quires 1 T. Square 1 No. 15 Stencil paper 8 quires 2 Set square 2 sets 16 Paper clips 7 boxes 3 Protractors 2 Nos. 17 Stapling wire. 12 boxes 4 Architectural scale 1 No. 18 Eraser-India rubber 224 Nos. 5 .Road pen t No. 19 Ribbons-T/W 18 Nos. List (c)-From private firms 20 Pins 173 shts. 21 Ruled books-F'ca(l-lqr. 20 Nos. 1 Colour pencils (green & brown) 212 Nos. 22 Ink violet for rubber stamp 2 phials (Local firms, Trivandrum) 23 Call bell 1 No. 2 T. Square t No. 24 Tracing paper 34 yards (Scientific Engineering House Hyderabad) 25 Drawing paper-Cartridge 1 roll & 250 sheets 3 Grapho set-Pelikan 1 set (Allied Drawing Stores, Bombay) 26 Straw boards 18 Nos. 4 Dividers do. 1 No. 27 Drawing brushes 11 Nos. 5 Instrument box 1 No. 28 Indian ink-liquid 1 phial (Navlakhi & Co., Bombay) 29 Drawing pencils 7 Nos. 6 Poster colour-white 1 oz. 30 Crowquill nibs 1 dozen (Local firm, Trivandrum) 31 Penholder for crowquill 2 Nos. 7 Drawing boards 2 Nos. 32 Drawing pins t dozen (Scientific Engineering HOllse,Hyderabad) 149 APPENDIX XXXII

NUMBER AND LOCATION OF IMPORTANT FILES AND DOCUMENTS

S1. Description File No. SI. Description File No No. No. 1 2 :\ 1 2 :\

ORGANISATION OF OFFICE 27 Order of karas, muris or desoms and the boundaries and area of each of them- infOJmation-collection of C2-145/59 Office accommodation-Superintendent of Census Operations' Office C4-147/60 28 District maps supplied to Divisional Forest Officers-called for Cl-216(6J 2 Accountant-cashier-appointment of C4-188/60 29 Formation of blockS and circles and ap- 3 Terms of deputation of State Goven1ment pointment of enumerators and supervisors Employees C4-193/60 in the Reserve Forests C2-271/60 4 Local purchase of stationery articles C4-206/60 30 Recasting of census tables of previous cen- 5 Office van-supply C4-240/60 suses according to the 1961 sct-up of the 6 Stationery-supply by Controller of Stat­ State C8-474/60 ionery, Calcutta C4-241/60 PRE-Tj;ST OPERATIONS 7 Audit notes of inspection party C4-465j60 31 Pre-test operations C2-9/59 8 State Government Employees on deputa­ 32 Report on pre-test operations C3-94/59 tion-pension and leave salary contribu­ tion-rate of C4-493j60 HOUSE NUMBERING AND HOUSELISTING OPERATIONS 9 Service Rules-Central Government­ 33 House numbering operations C4-50j59 C4-494/60 Amendments etc. 34 House numbering-Supply of stencils for C4-8j60 10 Deputation (duty) allowance to Govern­ 35 House numbering units and staff C4-9j60 ment Employees-revised rules of Govern- ment of India C4-237/61 36 House numbering inspection notes of Superintendent of Census Operations C4-72j60

CONFERENCES ENUMERATION 11 District conferences C2-13j59 37 Census operations in the special areas 12 First Conference of Superintendents of such as Cannanore Cantonment, naval Census Operations C3-94/59 and mIlitary areas and Port of Cochin C2-I10/59 13 Second Conference of the State Census 38 Translation of schedules and estimate of Su~erintendents C3-203 j 60 the number of forms (subsequently C3- 14 Regional Conference of Superintendents 265/<:)0) Cl-1l8/59 of Census Operations, Trivandrum, Darje- 39 Appointment of District Census Officers eling and Srinagar C2-104j61 and Charge Officers C2-120j59 15 Third Conference of Superintendents of 40 Locall1ames of rights on land C2-156/59 Census Operations C2-279161 41 Instructions to enumerators-clarifications C3-74j60 42 DIstribution of census forms C3-266/60 CENSUS DIVIS[ONS, LOCATION CODE, AREA FIGURES AND MAPS 43 Enumeration in tlle Armed Reserve Camps, Lock-ups, Central and Sub jails etc. C2-268/60 16 Finalisation of the area of Municipal and non-Municipal towns and villages C6-42/59 44 Transfer of officers engaged in the census operations-freezing of C2-27)j60 17 Area of State, districts, taluks and villages-reconciled figures of the Survey 45 Training of District Census Officers and Department and area figures of Survey of Charge Officers C2-284/60 India C3-70/59 46 Appointment of reserve Supervisors and 18 Area of villages etc.-information coHect- Enumerators-instructions C2-300j60 ion of C2-72/59 47 A'ppointment of Enumerators and Super- Visors C2-302/60 19 Formation of towns and towngroups C3-89/59 20 Maps of forest divisions 48 Training programme of Supervisors and Cl-3/60 Er.umerators C2-330j60 21 Maps of taluks CI-4/60 49 Special enumeration of technically quali- 22 Natural divisions of the State, highland, fied persons C3-332/60 midland and lowland-preparation of 50 Failure to attend the training c1asses- contour maps CI-5/60 action taken C2-348j60 23 Notional maps of wards and villages- 51 Review of the sample census conducted collection C6-14j60 by the Charge Officers C2-367/60 24 Maps of Municipal towns CI-121}60 52 Arrangements for the enumerations in the 25 Formation of Blocks and Circles C?-125/60 Kuttanad area during the harvest season- 26 Preparation of location code numbers C2-144j59 Instructions C2-382/60

150 APPENDIX XXXII-colltd.

NUMBER AND LOCATION OF IMPORTANT FILES AND DOCUMENTS--(COnld.)

"Sl. Description Sl. No. File No. No. Description File No. 1 2 3 1 2 3 C2-404}60 53 Progress reports of the training classes 82 Typewriters for tabulation offices-hiring 54 Enumeration in the Game Sanctuary, Peer­ of-regarding CZ-93 161 made-In~tructions C2-417/60 83 Tabulation-conference of Superintendents 55 Instructions issued to the District Census of Census Op~rations at Trivandrum on Officers C2-421/60 22nd to 24th May 1961 C2-104/61 56 Instructions to the Supervisors C2-441/60 84 Instructions from the Registrar General on tabulation. C2-109/61 57 Enumeration-Assistance by village staff 85 Housin~ tables-prepa:ation C2-116/61 to the census officers-Instructions C2-484/60 86 TabulatIOn offices-Pollee watCh-regarding C2-118/61 58 Enumeration of the personnel in the ships C2-499/60 87 Organisation of tabulation offices-Instruct- and other vessels-Arrangements ions C2-119/61 59 Provisional figures C8-21/61 88 Central tabulation-Appointment of staff C4-137/61 -60 Post-enumeration check Cl-30/61 89 Preparation of Primary Census Abstracts C2-184/61 -61 Enumeration-Arrangements Cl-33/61 90 Household schedules-tabulation-sampling 62 Inauguration of enumeration-Arrange­ of schedules C2-187/61 ments C2-50/61 91 Tabulation-preparation of various tables C2-205!61 63 Appointment of scribes in charge offices 92 Tabulation offices-bonm to the tabulation ' for houselist extract!; C4-55/61 staff-payment of-regarding C2-232/61 64 Progress of enumeration-Reports from 93 Tabulation offices-winding up-disposal of Deputy Superintendents of Census Opera­ tions, Di,trict Census Officers and Charge furniture and release of buildings C4-241/61 Officers C2-S8/61 94 Area of towns at previous censuses-collect- ion of, C6-243/61 65 Provisional totals-communication C2-66/61 95 Tabulation of local names of Household 66 Neglect of duty by the enumeration per­ Schedules-Local rights on land for House­ sonnel-action C2-7S/61 hold Schedules-names of rights and inter- HONORARIUM ests in land-tabulation C2-48/62 67 Honorarium for second pre-test operations- payment of C3-19,tj59 MISCELLANEOUS 68 Pavment of honorarium to the enumerat- 96 Synonyms or generic names of Scheduled ion staff C3-29/60 Castes and Scheduled Tribes-finalisation C6-24/59 69 Payment of honorarium for house number- 97 Office library-collection or purchase of ing operations C3-196i60 books and publications C6-2S! 59 70 Payment of honorarium to the verification 98 Electoral rolls-National Register of officers C3-156/61 citizens-discontinuance of Cl-29/59 TABULATION 99 Co-operation of heads of departmcnts- 71 Tabulation offices-Deputy Superintendents • orders of Government of Kerala-requested of Census Operations-appointment of- for Cl-68/59 regarding C2-96/60 100 Census 1961-Award of medals and certific- 72 Tabulation offices--accommodation-re- ates to the enumeration staff-regarding C2-34/60 gurding C2-173J60 101 Notification un.:er section 3 of Census Act Cl-122/6'J 73 Houselist tabulation-appointment of staff C4-321j60 102 Priority Jor all census communications 74 Tabulation offices-appointment of staff and special Stamp cancellation slogans other than sorters, compiler-checkers, relating to census·-Rubber stamps-Census 5upervisors-regarding C2-345/60 Immediate Cl-140j60 75 Tabulation offices- furniture and office 103 Compilation of National Atlas of India- equipments-purchlse of -regarding C2-3S9/60 population maps of Kerala Cl-141/60 76 Languages-tabulation of languag<:s in 104 Publicity-Census posters Cl-142j60 Kerala Cl-376/60 105 Vital statistics-Analysis of vital statistics 77 Tabulation offices-furniture-purchase- for the last ten years-births and deaths CI-154/60 regarding C2-492/60 106 Progress report-monthly progress reports C1-179j60 78 List of household illdustries-furnishing Cl-2j61 107 Printing work in private presses-payment 79 Tabulation offices-Supervisors, compiler­ of bills-suit filed by Sreenivas Printing checkers, sorters etc.-recruitment of­ Works, Kasaragod C3-191/60 regarding C2-41j61 108 District and Charge Officers-special staff- 8:.1 Statiom:TY articles for tabulation offices-­ appointment of C4-208/60 supply of-regarding C2-53/61 109 T. A. and conveyance allowance to Dis- 81 Printing of tabulation forms C3-67j61 trict Census and Charge Officers C4-212j6()

151 APPENDIX XXXIl-concld.

NUMBER AND LOCATION OF IMPORTANT FILES AND DOCUMENTS-(concld.)

81. Description File No. Sl. No. No. Description File No. t 2 3 2 3 110 Low literacy areas-causes for low literacy -Investigation of C 1-224/60 125 Re-employed pensioners-Fixation of pay C4-106/6l' 111 Density of population in cultivated area- 126 Medical Examination of new recruits C4-148/6I information on cultivated area C 1-237/60 127 Letter expressing gratitude to all Enumer- 112 Supply of forms-Adjustment of cost­ ators and Supervisors-letters received Superintendent of Census Operations, from Enumerators and Supervisors in Pondicherry C3·248/60 reply C3-153/61' 113 Supply of forms-Adjustment of Cost- 128 Houselists and other records-preservation Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands C3·258j60 after tabulation C2-206/61 114 Supply of centrally printed forms from 129 District and Taluk maps for district census Nasik Press-Payment of extra motor tax handbooks CI-213j61 for two trucks from Nasik to Trivandrum C3-265/60 130 Supply of data relating to number of 115 Stationery articles to District Census births to women of reproductive age CI-221j61 Officers and Charge Officers-supply of CI-292/60 131 Maps of cities and towngroups CI-226/61 116 Representation from those engaged in the 132 Sample survey of fertility of ever married Census Operations-disposal of C2-339/60 Women C2-230j61 117 Sex ratio-Extraordinariness CI-375/60 133 Block making for the printing of census 118 Notification issued under section 8 of reports 1961 C3-248/61 Census Act C3j380j60 134 Maps of Techno-Economic Survey-reports 119 Supervisors and Enumerators-Depart- of Madras and Madhya Pradesh Cl-251/61 mental examinations-postponement of C2·470/60 135 Atlas Volume-Maps-Preparation of Cl-261/61 120 Printing and publishing of District Census 136 Socio Economic Survey-Topo sheet map Handbooks C8-473j60 of Kerala Cl-282j61 121 Joint Stock Companies C8-13j61 137 Soils in India CI-25/62 122 Stationery articles to Supervisors and 138 Wardwise area of Municipal and non- Enumerators CI-56/61 Municipal towns-collection C6-29/62 123 Photographs-taking of Cl-80/61 139 Implementation of land reforms legislat- 124 Socio Economic Survey on Hill tribes Cl-95j61 ion-information C2-37/62

APPENDIX XXXIII SUMMARY OF STAFF EMPLOYED IN THE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS SI. Rates of pay includ­ No. Designation No. Period • ing allowance Remarks 2 3 4 5 6 1 Head Assistant From 2-4-1959 continues Rs.350-475 2 Upper Division Clerks 6 Two from 23-5-1959 continues Rs.130-300 One from 1-3-1960 continues One from 5-4-1960 continues Two from 1·10-1960 continues 3 Lower Division Clerks 4 One from 2-4-1959 continues Rs. 110-180 One from 2-4-1959 to 19-5-61 One from 1-8-1960 to 19-5-61 One from 1-8-1960 to 14-5-61 4 Stenographers 2 One from 5-3-1959 continues Rs. 130-300 One from 9·8-1960 continues 5 Upper Division Typist 1 From 1-8-1960 continues Rs.130-300 6 Lower Division Typist 1 From 24-10-1959 continues Rs. 110-180 7 Accountant 1 From 12-12-1959 continues Rs.130-300 There was only one post 8 Cashier From 15-5-1961 continues Rs. 110-180 of Accountant-cum-cash­ ier from 12-12-1959 to 14-5-1961. The post was bifurcated and a cashier was appointed with effect from 15-5-1961. 152 APPENDIX XXXIII-·concld.

SUMMARY OF STAFF EMPLOYED IN THE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS-(Concld.}

Sl. Rates of pay includ­ No. Designation No. Period ing allowance Remark~ Z 3 4 5 6 9 Statistical Assistants 3 One from 12-5-1959 to 4-4-61 Rs.210-425 One from 18-5-1959 to 4-4-61 One from 19-9-1960 continues 10 *Economic Investigators 2 From 21-9-1960 continues Rs.210-425 11 Research Assistant 1 From 10-4-1961 continues Rs.250/-fixed 12 Upper Division Compilers 2 From 19-9-1960 continues Rs.130-3oo 13 Draftsmen 2 One from 12-12-1959 to 11-3-60 Rs.150-240 and from 25-5-1961 continues One from J2-12-J959 to 11-3-60 and from 1-6-1961 continues 14 Driver From 13-2-1960 continues Rs. 110-139 15 Duftry 1 From 13-2-1960 continues Rs. 75-95 16 Peons 8 One from 24-3-1959 continues Rs. 70-85 One from 23-4-1959 continues One from 19-5-1959 continues One from 11-5-1960 continues One from 12-5-1960 continues One from 13-5-1960 continues One from 28-11-1960 continues One from 7-2-1961 continues 17 Gardener 1 From 7-2-1961 continues Rs. 70-85 18 Watcher 1 From 10-8-1959 continues Rs. 70-85

*One more post was created, after the period covered by this report.

APPENDIX XXXIV

ABSTRACT OF TOURS OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, KERALA

Aproximate No. of No. of hours miles Date of Date of of conference travelled departure return Destination and discussions Places visited ell route by road

2 3 4 5 6 Hours Minutes 15-3-1959 19-3-1959 Calicut 5 QuiJon, Alleppey, Ernakulam and Trichur 596 15-4-1959 15-4-1959 l';l"eyyattinkara Thiruppuram 32 17-4-1959 21-4-1959 Trichur 10 Kottayam, Nattakam, Panachikad, Puthupally and Paipuram 443 27-4-1959 29-4-1959 Alleppey 6 Quilon 194 5-5-1959 9-5-1959 Palghat 10 Mullakal, Thumboli, Ernakulam, Trichur, Alathur, Palghat and Malampuzha Dam 50} 27-5-1959 31-5-1959 Cannanore 22 Karunagapally, Karthigapally, Ambalapuzha, Shertaiai, Emakulam, Wadakkancherry, Calicut, Tellicherry and Cannanore 703 17-7-1959 17-7-1959 Quilon 8 Cantonment and Kottakkakom 9() 20-7-1969 26-7-1959 Cali9ut 26 Thattampally, Ernakulam, Wadakkancherry, Calicut, Malappuram, Manjeri and Perintal- manna 784 29-7-1959 30-7-1959 Alleppe} 7 Quilou 194

153 APPENDIX XXXIV-concld. ABSTRACT OF TOURS OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, KERALA-( concld.) Approximate No. of No. of hours miles Date of Date of of conference travelled departure return Destination and discussions Places visited en route by road 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hours Minutes 8- 8-1959 9- 8-1959 Kottayam 10 Kllttarakara and Chengannur 200 12- 8-1959 15- 8-1959 Wadakkancherry 15 Ernakulam, Alengad and Trichur 432 23- 8-1959 28- 8-1959 Cannanore 20 Alwaye, Palghat, Malampuzha and Calicut 661 1-11-1959 1-11-1959 Balaramapuram Poovar, Balaramapuram and Nemom 36 11-11-1959 13-11-1959 Kottayam 8 Alleppey, Ernakulam, Muvattupuzha and Kottayam 300 8- 1-1960 9- 1-1960 Cape Comorin 3 Amaravila and Parassala 108 11- 1-1960 14- 1-1960 Ernakulam 20 Quilon, Alleppey, Ernakulam and Kottayam 303 18- 1-1960 23- 1-1960 Cannanore 20 AUeppey, Ernakulam, Trichur, Palghat and Calicut 702 23- 3-1960 23- 3-1960 Neyyattinkara 3 Valangamuri, Narayanapuram, Parassala, Cheru- varakonam and Anapara 72 24- 3-1960 24- 3-1960 Attingal 3 Kadakkavoor, Varkala and Edava 72 26- 3-1960 26- 3-1960 Quilon 3 Thevalli, Eravipuram and Meenad 90 5- 4-1960 5- 4-1960 Nedumangad 3 Uzhamakal 38 6- 4-1960 12- 4-1960 Kottayam 45 Quilon, KarunagapaIly, Kayamkulam, Karthi- gapaIly, Alleppey, Shertalai, Mavelikkara, Chengannur, Thiruvalla, Changanacherry, Vai- kom, Palai, Adoor, Kottarakara and Kundara 625 19- 4-1960 30- 4-1960 Kasaragod 75 Haripad, Trichur, Wadakkancherry, Ottapalam, Palghat, Manjeri, Calicut, Quilandy, Bada­ gara, Tellicherry, Cannanore, Perintalman­ na, Trichur, lrinjalakuda, Alwaye, Parur and Ernakulam 972 19- 5-1960 19- 5-1960 Neyyattinkara 2 Parassala and Kaliakavila 40 22- 5-1960 26- 5-1960 Trichur 5 Attingal, Quilon, Haripad, Shertalai, Emaku- lam, EdappaJly, Chalakudy, Puthenchira, Irinjalakuda, Karuvannur, Cherpu and Alwaye 275 16- 6-1960 16- 6-1960 Neyyattinkara 1 Neyyattinkara 42 25- 6-1960 30- 6-1960 Trichur 3 Ernakulam, Alwaye, Perumbayoor and Sher- talai 325 7- 9-1960 10- 9-1960 Ernakulam 5 AlJeppey, Ernakulam, Naval Base and Cochin, 276 22- 9-1960 9-10-1960 Cannanore 60 Alleppey, Ernakulam, Palghat, Malampuzha, Calicut and Trichur 871 Neyyattinkara 2 I 15-10-1960 15-10-1960 ... ~ 44 15-10-1960 15-10-1960 Nedumangad 1 "'J 18-10-1960 18-10-1960 Neyyattinkara 1 24 20-10-1960 20-10-1960 Neyyattinkara 1 24 23-10-1960 23-10-1960 Nedumangad 1 24 3-12-1960 3-12-1960 Padmanabbapuram 2 Parassala 66 4-12-1960 7-12-1960 Trichur 4 Varkala, Alleppey, Kuttanad, Kidangara, Kottayam, Thekkadv, Vaikom, Ernakulam and Tricbur' 619 8-12-1960 8-12-1960 Neyyattinkara 4 Neyyattinkara 24 9-12-1960 9-12-1960 Nedumangad 4 15 Nedumangad 24 Attingal 4 Attingal 20 10-12-1960 17- 1-1961 200 Quilon, Karunagapally, Mavclikkara, Haripad, Alleppey, Shertalai, Mattancherry, Erna­ kulam, Alwaye, Parur, Cranganore, Irinjala­ kuda. Trichur, Wadakkancherry, Chowghat, Ponnani, Tirur, Calicut, South Wynad, North Wynad, Tellicherry, Cannanore, Tali­ paramba, Hosdrug, Kasaragod, Badagara, Quilandy, Manjeri, Perintalmanna, Olta­ palam, Palghat, Chittur, Ala!hur, Perumba­ voor, Munnar, Muvattupuzha, Thodupuzha, Palai, Vaikom, . Ko~tayam,. Kanjirappally, Peermade, Vandlpenar, Thlruvalla, Cban­ ganacherry, Pathanamthitta, Adoor, Punalur, Kottarakara and Chengannur. 1715

154 APPENDIX XXXV

TABLE SHOWING HOUSELIST, PROVISIONAL AND FINAL POPULATION 1961 AND DATES OF RECEIPT OF PROVISIONAL- TOTALS FROM DISTRICTS

Variation between final and provisio- Population nal Percentage Population Date and hour of Increase of varia- according receipt of telegram ,-____ .A.___ ---., ( +) tion to the SI. Name of District to house- or telephone of pro- Provis- Decrease final popu- No. District Census Officer lists visional population ional Final (-) lation

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Trivandrum Shri G. Velu Pillai 1,677,987 8-3-1961 4-00 P. M. 1,738,085 1,744,531 + 6,446 + 0.369 2 Quilon " N. J. Ouseph 1,890.374 9-3-1961 1-20 P. M. 1,929,845 1,941,228 + 11,383 + 0.586 3 Al1eppey " N. Sreedharan Nail' 1,794,017 9-3-1961 1-47 P. M. 1,809,530 1,811,252 + 1,722 + 0.095 4 Kottayam " E. J. Kuriakku 1,691,319 9-3-1961 7-35 P. M. 1,730,436 1,732,880 + 2,444 + 0.141 5 Ernakulam " P. K. Oommen 1,822,168 9-3-1961 8·40 P. M. 1,858,440 1,859,913 + 1,473 + 0.079 {j Trichur " Zacharia Mathew 1,627,700 9-3-1961 4·]2 P. M. 1,634,251 1,639,862 + 5,611 + 0.342 7 Palghat " N. Sekhara Menon 1,752,466 9-3-1961 3·35 P. M. 1,775,477 1,776,566 + 1,089 + 0.061 8 Kozhikode " M. Kuttysankaran Nair 2,522,365 9-3-1961 2-25 P. M. 2,619.283 2,617,189 - 2,094 - 0.080 9 Cannanore " T. V. Padmanabha Kurup 1,727,614 9-3-1961 3·30 P. M. 1,779,852 1,780,294 + 442 + 0.025

Total 16,506,010 16,875,199 16,903,715 + 28,516 + 0.169

APPENDIX XXXVI

PERCENTAGE OF VARIATION BETWEEN PROVISIONAL TOTALS AND FINAL FIGURE'> AT VARIOUS LEVELS

Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of the difference the difference the difference the difference Percentage of the between the between the between the between the difference between totals of the total of the pad total of the pad total of the pad the final P. C. A. pad abstracts abstracts and abstracts and abstracts and figures and the pro· and block ab- the total 0 f the the total of the the fin::!l P. C. visional charge stracts out of circle summar· orovisional A. figures out summary figures the total of the ies out of the charge summa- of the total of out of the P. C. A. pad abstracts total of the pad ryout of the the pad ab- figures abstracts total of the pad straets Taluk abstracts

QuiJand~ + 0'18 + 0'31 + 0'23 + 0'02 + 0'20 Tirur 0'01 - 0'01 - 0'73 + 0'004 - 0'73 Talappilly + 0'003 + 0'01 + 0'17 0'01 + 0'18 Trichur 0'22 - 0'02 + 1'35 0'01 + 1'36 Mavelikkara 0'004 - 0'01 + 0'39 0'01 + 0'40 Quilon 0'002 - 0'01 + 1'05 0'01 + 1'06

155 APPENDIX XXXVII

LIST SHOWING THE EXTENT CF WANT OF ACCURACY IN FILLING UP THE ANSWERS TO DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC QUESTIONS IN THE INDIVIDUAL SLIP Percentage of errOr Percentage of error Category to the total popu­ Category to the total popu­ of error lation of error lation 1. Age not stated 0'024 4. Workers not classifiable by occupation 0'053 ~ Civil condition: Marital status unspecified 0"()31 5. Working persons whose activities (industry) not 3. Religion not stated 0'009 adequately described 0'050 APPENDIX XXXVIII

OfFICE OF THE SUPERINfENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, KERALA Tri"andrum. Dated 1st March 196) All Charge Officers concerned wIth Post-Enumeration Check Post-Enumeration Check

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CHARGE OFfICERS Introduction: will be made in order to check the reliability of his work in detecting such cases. The Verification Officer will not The post-enumeration check in 1961 Census is pro­ only verify the list of inmates of the households given to posed to be conducted primarily for obtaining an estimate him but also try to obtain particulars of the missed of the. extent of error in the Census count of persons. persons through Simple probing questions regarding normal Such errors may be divided into two independent compo­ residents and visitors dUring the census period and their nents arising due to errors in enumeration. The Verification Officer will be required to record age, sex and relationship to the head of the house­ (I) covering a house as a whole and hence its inmates hold in respect of the inmates of the household. Such and enquiries should yield figures of males and females over or (2) counting inmates in a house covered by the Census. under-enumerated and their individual characteristics. The term' error' here includes both over and under enu­ meration. For 1961, post-enumeration check of the first The data collected as above will lead to the estimates type of errOr is proposed to be estimated from a sample of errors in the counting of houses and population in the of the enumeration blocks and errors of the second type state and also give an idea of the main characteristics from a sample of houses in the sampled blocks. In the that are associated with such errors. The latter kind of rural areas 1 per cent of blocks and 10 per cent of houses study will be based on an analysis of the particulars of are to be taken in the State sample. In the urban areas 2 the individuals collected during the post-enumeration per cent of blocks and 5 per Cent of houses are proposed check. There are 9 forms to be used in the post-enumer­ to be included. It is proposed to verify errors in the ation operations. These are appended to this circular. coverage ot' the houses by an independent preparation of a , For ready reference they are listed out below :- houselist of the block and its matching with the list of dwellings enumerated in the block as shown by the popu­ (1) Form I P. E. C. Censused HOllselist lation record. This independent list is to be prepared by a Verification Officer, who is to be selected from amongst (2) Form II P. E. C. Verification Houselist the Supervisors not attached to the selected block in the (3) Form III P. R. C. List of Extras main census. The unmatched entries in the house list pre­ (4) Form IV P. E. C. Charge Circle Summary pared by the Verification Officer and that prepared from of House Verification the Population Record are to be reverified on the spot by (5) Form V P. E. C. List of Inmates the Charge Officer. His findings should enable detection (6) Form VI P. E. C. Verification Slip of cases where the census has gone wrong and the reasons therefor. Particulars about the individual unmatched (7) Form VII P. E. C. Re-enumeration of Per~ entries will be collected so as to indicate the operational sons (Working Sheet) type of difficulties, which arise in matching two independ­ (8) Form VIII P. E. C. Charge Circle Summary ent lists. In this way. the number of hOllses and males of Re-enumeration of and females under Of over-enumerated in the census in Persons houses totally missed or wrongly counted is to be obtain­ (9) Form IX P. E. C. List of Enumeration Er- ed. The error in the enumeration of the persons in houses rors covered by the census is proposed to be obtained through a re-enumeration of the sampled houses by the Verifica­ Of these forms all except Forms II and VI have to be tion Officer, who will be given a list containing the names fully filled up by the Charge Officers and Forms II and VI of the inmates of the sampled houses as given in the Popu· have to be partly filled up by the Charge Officers and lation Record. To keep the Verification Officer on the given to the Verification Officers to be completed by .alert, ghost entries and deliberate deletions in this Itst them.

156 APPENDIX XXXVIII-contd.

Forwarding of Instructions and blank Forms II and VI to Preparation of Censused Houselist (Form I) VerificatiQn Offi~rs 3. As soon as the census records are received from 2. farticulars of blocks in each charge selected _for the Circle Supervisors the Charge Officer should prepare post-enumeration check have already been communicated a Jist of censused houses from the household schedule to the Charge Officers as per this office letter D. O. No. pads fi-JJed up for each selected block in Form I appended. C2-30/61 dated 21-2-1961. In this Charge Officers have In thIS form should be given a complete list of all wholly been requested .10 appoint the Verification Officers by or partly residential houses from the household schedules. 28th February 1961. without cofnmunicating the particu­ This list will be called the censused houselist (C H. L.). lars of the blocks for which they have been appointed. A This list gives headings 1 to 7 at the top and columns I to set of instructions for Verification Officers is enclosed S below heading 8 and columns 9 and Ie at the foot of the herewith. This may be sent to the Verification Officers list. Item 4 at the top has to be filled up from the first immediately along with a blank copy each of Forms II and four elements of the location code and the number of the VI so that they may prepare themselves to do the post­ bl?ck given in column 6 of the list of selected blocks su;:>­ enumeration check on the 22nd and 23rd March 1961. plIed to the Charge Officer along with the letter of the Before 15th March 1961 the particulars of the block for Superintendent of Census Operations D. O. No. C2-30j61 which the Verification Officer has been appointed have to dated 21-2-1961. Item 5 at the top has to be filled up be communicated to him in the following form :- from the block abstract. If there are more than one ter­ (1) Name of the taluk ritorial block covering the post-enumeration block the total of the figures given in the block. abstracts of th~ (2) Name of the village/town respective territorial blocks should be entered in item No. (3) Name or the number of the ward if it is a town S. Item 6 has to be filled up with reference to the bound­ or name of the kara/desomfmuri if it is a village aries defined as instructed in para 2 above. Item 7 at the (4) Boundaries of the block top has to be filled up from column 7 of the list of the selected blocks supplied to the Charge Officers alol1g with (S) Census Number of the first building in the block. ~he letter D. O. No. C2-30j61 dated :!1-2-61 oi the Super­ It will be noted that due to paucity of physical bound- Illtendent of Census Operations. Columns (ii) to (iv) aries for blocks in this State, the blocks were defined as given below the heading 8 of this form have to be filled up _ the area covered between the first and the last number of by referring to the location code given on the household the buildings in the block and the enumerators were in­ schedule pads of the blocks. There is to be one entry structed to go up to the first house of the next block to for each house covering all the households in the house. find out whether there is any house between the last house In column (iv) only the count of the households is to be of the block and the succeeding house falling in the next given and not their household .code numbers .. The house­ block and enumerate any new residential house which has hold schedules may be seen successively sheet by sheet to cropped up between these two houses. Where, however, record the building and the house numbers, only one the block of an enumerator ends _with a kara(muri/desom house being entered in a line. No new line is to be in the case of a village or a ward in the case of a town, entered in respect of the schedules for the different house­ the enumerator was instructed that it is enough if he goes . holds in the same house; only their count is to be entered lip to the end of the kara/muri/desom or ward as the in column (iv). The figures in column (iv) should be case may be. The enumerator of the first block of a totalled and tallied with he number of household kara/muri/desom or ward was also instructed to go up to schedules to make sure that all the schedules are covered ·starting point of that kara(muri(desom or ward and by the C. H. L. Column (v) is to be left blank for filling at enumerate any new residential house that has cropped up the time of matching with the Verification Houselist Form between that boundary and the first house allotted to him. II. For filling up columns (ii) and (iii) of this form viz., Consistent with the above, the Charge Officer should get the building No. and the census house No. it should be the boundary of the block carefully demarcated bringing noted that though the household schedules give only the within the block the entire area covered between the 1st number of the households given as the last element in the and last buildings of the block as on 28-2-1961. For pur­ location code, it is easy to find out the building No. and poses of this demarcation of boundaries, wherever natural the number of censused houses from this number itself. boundaries or roads or lanes etc. are available they If there is any doubt, the building No. and the census should be given. But this may not be available for all house No. given in the houselist extract relating to the the boundaries of a block or in some cases for any bound· households In question can be referred to. A few il­ ary at all. In all such cases where the natural boundary lustrations are gIVen below showing how the building No_ is not available either in full or in part, the census and the No. of census houses can be found out from the numbers of buildings, other than those of the P. R C. number of the household. block, .'bounding the block should be given. A notional map showing the boundaries should also be prepared not­ llIustration-! : ing the natural boundaries, if any, and the building numbers taken as boundaries. Before finalising this no­ The censused household No. is Col-I. This means tional map the Charge Officer should inspect the boundaries that there is only one census house and one census of the block and satisfy himself that the boundaries are household in the building. The No. to be entered in the fixed correctly. columns relating to b\lilding and censused house is the same as the No. of the household, namely, C-l-1. The Charge Officer may get the boundaries demarcated by the concerned Village Assistant if it is a taluk or by a IIlustratlon-2 : suitable subordinate ill the case ofa municipal town. The map should be verified by the Officer preparing it. This Suppose the household No. is C-l-l (1). This indi­ map should also be forwarded to the Verification Officer cates that there are more than one census house in that along with the particulars of the block. building and only one household in that census house.

157 APPENDIX .XXXVIII-contd.

The building No. in this case will be C-l·l and the census tious names with sex on the scale of one in each sheet and house No. will be C-l-l (1). in the other pack delete one name with sex on the scale of one in each sheet. The insertion of name and sex will be IIIustratioo-3 : easier if insertions and deletions are completed alternately so that the name and sex deleted from one sheet is inserted The No. of census bousehold is C-l-I ·(A). This on the next sheet. In this process care should be taken to means that the building No. is C-I-I, the No. of avoid inserting the name which will be too glaring a census house C-l-] and the number of household is C-l-l misfit in the run of housellold names. For instance it is (A) as there is only one census house in the building and obviously meaningless to insert a Hindu name in a there are more than one household in the census house. Muslim household. IIIustration-4 : Preparation of Verification Slips (Form VI) Suppose the household number is C-l-I (I A). The 7. After preparing Form V, the list of inmates, the building No. will be Col-I, the cenSUl! house No. C-l-l following portions of Form VI, the Verification Slip, have (1) and the household No. C-I-I (IA) as there are more to be filled lip by the Charge Officer. Fill up the location than one census house in the same building and more code of the house and household numbers in items I to 2 than one household for the same census house. at the top of Form VI by referring to items I, 3, and 4 of The above illustrations are based on the instructions Form V. In Section I of Form VI insert the household for house numbering and houselisting. code number in itl!m (I) and copy out only the names and not sex of the inmates of the households in column (iii) The sheets used in listing the block should he tagged from Form V, taking care to include the ghost entry in together and their number recorded in item 9. between any two names of the household in the house and to omit the deleted name. One form is to be used for one Selection of Sampl~d Houses house. It has provision for four households and if there are more households in the house, the overflow should be 4. For the purpose of verification 10% of the houses copied on a continuation sheet and the two should be have to be selected from each block in a rural area and tagged together. These forms have to· be given to the 5% in urban areas. To fix up these houses the Charge Verification Officer after filling up the columns mention­ Officer should tick mark on the C. H. D. every 10th entry ed above.. in the case of a rural block and every 20th entry in the case of an urban block starting with the random Confidentiality start number selected as per instructions given in Appendix A. The number of ticks gives the number of 8. The original records in Form I and V should be houses sampled in the block which should be recorded in treated as confidential and kept with the Charge Officer. item 10. The copying work should be done by a reliable person who should be warned against leaking out the names in­ Preparation of tbe List of Inmates (Form V) serted or deleted. 5. Aft;r selecting the sample houses in each block Verificatipn Houselist (Form II) the Charge Officer should copy out from the population records on the reverse of the household schedules of the 9. When the above forms have been prepared by the sampled houses, the names, age and sex of the inmates of Charge Officer, items 1 to 6 in Section A of Form II, the the sample houses in Form V. If there ue more than Verification Houselist, should be filled up by him by one household in the sampled house the names and age copying the information from Forni 1, the censused and sex of the inmates of all the households of that house houselist. Copies of Form II along with copies of Form should be copied. Each sampled house should have one VI and the notional mao of the block should be made sheet of Form V. The building/house No. should be over to the Verification Officer by 15th March 1961, point­ copied in item 3. In item 4 the total No. of households ing out to him that ghost entries and deliberate omissions in column (iv) of Form I should be entered. The name have been made to test the reliability of his work. He and sex (M for males and F for females) in columns (ii) may be told that the forms duly filled should be returned and (iii) under 5 inmates, should be copied out from the to the Charge Officer by 27th March, 1961. When Forms Population Record on the reverse of the relevant house­ II and VI are returned by the Verification Officer, the hold schedules. The census code number for the house­ Charge Officer should take the following steps:- hold component e. g. A, B, C, etc. listed in the column should be inserted on the dotted space. The number of Matcbing of lIouselists and Re-verificatioD by Charge households listed should agree with the entry in item 4. Officer The form has provision for 5 hcusehoJds. I f a house has more households, the overflow may be taken on a conti­ 10. The V. H. L. in Form II prepared by the Veri­ nuation sheet tagging the two together. fication Officer is to be matched with C. H. L. in Form J and the discrepancies observed are to be re-verified to locate Ghost Entries and Deletions the houses missed or wrongly taken as residential and to ascertain their population. It should be possible to 6. After preparing Form V for each sampled house settle most of them in the office of the Charge Officer. The the Charge Officer should insert ghost entries and make matching work should be taken up immediately Form II deletions in the list of names in red ink in accordance is received. The re-verification of the few unmatched with the following instructions :- entries by a check on the spot by the Charge Officer should be finished as expeditiously as possible, so that this part Shuffle Form V sheets of the block and divide them of the work is over by the 31 sl March. It may be done as Toughly into two equal packs. In one pack insert ficti- follows :-

158 . AP~ENDIX XXXVllI-contd.

A-Work in the Oftice of the Charge Officer vassed by the census in the block, but this is Dot to be re­ garded as a mistake by census. Another factor can be the (i) On l~nes, which have NR or V in column (v) of Verification Officer taking a residential house as non-resid­ Form II, ,a cross should be made in column (vi), as only R entialor vacant. But, in such cases the house number should Qr PR i. eo residential houses are listed in Form I. occur in both lists in Form I and II although with a cross in column (vi) of Form II. This again is not a mistake, (ii) House numbers recorded in columns (ii) and (jjj) as the enumerator actually contacted the inmates and re­ Qf Form I should be tallied with the numbers recorded in corded their details. Thus, the unmatched balances in -columns (ii) and (iii) of Form II. In column.(v) of C. H. Form J should be few unless the enumerator or the L. Form I, the ~rial number of the corresponding enlry in Verification Officer did their work indifferently. Form II should be recorded. At the same time, the serial number of the corresponding entry in Form I should B-Spot Check by the Charge Officer be recorded in column (vi) of Form II. These represent house numbers readily matched. A number of unmatched 11. The Charge Officer should carry the completed entries will be left in Forms I and II. Some of them may Forms I-III and visit the houses left unmatched for filling arise due tQ careless work by the census enumerator or in colUmns (iv)-(xi) of Form Ill. On enquiry about an Verification Officer but others may be due to matching entry, he may find that the census was correct and then difficulty. The latter type can be reduced considerably by the findings are to be recorded in columns (iv) and (v). In further careful work, if the following consideration~ are case he finds the census to be wrong, the findings are to be borne in mind. recordj:d in columns (vi) and (vii). In such cases, by re­ ferring to the inmates, the number of persons residing in (iii) (a) If the sequence in listing houses in Form II all the households in the house together with the number does not conform to that in Form I, some of the houses of those, who may have already been enumera'ed else­ will be juxtaposed, leaving a good number of house where, should be obtained for recording in columns (viii) numbers unmatched in Forms I and II both, though they to (xi). If he learns that the entire house was duly ccns­ should actually balance out. It is desirable to reduce used, appropriate details to locate the househOld schedule their number to the minimum by careful matching in order should be obtained. to keep down the field checking but otherwise no serious harm is done, since their matching is bound to be located (vi) From the remarks given in paragraph (iii) above, Qn the spot by Charge Officer. The unmatched house it seems that the codes given below should be adopted for numbers in Form II will mainly be due to (a) inclusion of recording in columns (iv) or (vi), as the case may be; the houses at or near the boundary, which have been rightly . type of further remarks to be recorded in columns (v) or Qr wrongly, covered by the census in the adjoining blocks (vii) under 'Description' is also indicated. and (b) classification of houses as residential (R or PR), 1. Type of finding 2. Code 3. Descripton whereas census took them as non*residential. For our No. purposes it is not very material whether a house is in­ cluded in this block or in some other, so long as it is A. Cases where Census is Correct -censused and hence (a) is not a genuine omission. The existence of a house number gives a strong' presumption (i) The Verification Officer Confirmation that no- that the house was enumerated but this preSUmption wrongly classed it R or body resides!n this house should invariably be confirmed by locating its household PR schedule in the adjoining block. In such cases, after (ii) Omission by the Veri- 2 x verification the remark 'Included in Block Number---' fication Officer should be given in column (vi) of Form II. (iii) Counter entry exists 3 Serial No. of the match­ and hence should have ing entry in Form I or II. (b) Houses without census number will mainly occur been matched as the case may be in obscure places or in multi-housed buildings, where the other houses were given a house nwnber. They will (iv) House entered in Form 4 x mostly be genuine omissions by census, as the absence of II is actually non­ a house number gives a strong presumption that the census existent missed the house. The location details given in column (iv) of Form II will indicate whether it will be fruitful to (v) The house was actually 5 The household schedul~ look for a matching house number in Form 1. censused. { should be traced in the adjoining block (iv) After these matching efforts ha\'e been made, . (vi) Duplicate entry in 6 Serial No. of the entry ,columnS (i)- (iv) of the unmatched entries in Form 11 Form II of which it is a duplicate should l)e appropriately copied in columns (ii) and (iii) (vii) Other type not cover- 7 Details to locate the pos- of Form HI-List of Extras, in the same sequence in which ed above sible reason they occur in Form II. The maintenance of the >equence will facilitate spot checking. In Form III column (ii) re­ B. Cases where Census is Wrong produ:es the serial number in column (i) of Form II and (viii) Clear omission 8 .column (iii) contains the house number or the location (a) The house is in an 8 (a) x details, as the case may be. obscure place and (v) In a similar manner, columns (i)-(iii) of the un­ without census No. matched balances of Form I should be separately copied (b) The house is in a 8 (b) x out in columns Oi) and (iii) of Form III. These will be multi-house build- -due mainly to the Verification Officer omitting such houses ing, and without at or near the boundary from the block list as were can- census No.

159 APPENDIX XXXVIII-contd.

1. Type of finding 2. Code 3. Desctription A. Form IV. Summary of House Verification No. (i) The number of houses and the number of males (c) The residents are 8 (c) and females in the block according to census required in frequently away items 1 (i) and 2 (i) of the Form are given by the number from home or come of entries and item 5 in Form I. The number of houses at night to sleep missed and their population by male and female required (d) Tn spite of a census 8 (d) SpecificallY checked in items 1 (ii) and 2 (ii) are given by the entries in Form house No. that the house was III having coLle numbers 8 (a)-(e) and such of code 10 as not enumerated purport to be omissions. The population in this case is given by columns (viii) and (ix) net of columns (x) and (e) Others 8 (e) Details to locate the (xi) in Form III. Similarly, the number of houses found possible reason for duplicated or wrongly included and their population for omission including items 1 (iii) and 2 (iii) are given by entries in Form III oversight having codes 9 (a) and 9 (b) and the remaining entries (i.'i.) Clear overcounting 9 having code 10 which purport to be over-coupted. T~e (a) Duplicate entry in 9 (a) Serial No. of the population in this case is given by columns viii and IX Form I entry of which it is a only. The P. E. C. block numbers should be inserted on duplicate. The No. of the dotted lines as the top of each column and charge persons recorded circle total figures should be obtained. should be checked with household scbe­ B-Form VIII-Summary of Re-enumeration of Persons dule (ii) (a) Form V and VI sheets should be arranged in (b) House entered in 9 (b) The number of per­ the house number order so as to facilitate tracing of the Form I is actually sons recorded should matching sheets in the two sets of Forms. Ghost entries non-existent be checked with the occur in Section I of Form VI and the detected ones will household schedule have N. E. in column (vii) and undetected ones will have (x) Other type not covered 10 Details to locate the pos­ ticks. Similarly, deletions, if detecteo, will figure in sible reason Section II as missed by Census, and undetected ones will not appear at all. Ghost entries and detected deletions Instances of code 4, 6, 8 (a), 8 (c), 8 (d), 9, 10 should should be scored out in Form VI in red ink and simulta­ be rare, but a provision has been made for them for the neously correctly detected ghost entries and deletions sake of completeness. Code 3 will be brought to light should be tick-marked and undetected cross-marked in when the same house is involved in Form II and Form I red ink in Form V. Further at the same time, the relevant extras. In such a case both the entries should be given entries in Form VII as explained in Paragraph (b) below Code 3. Cases of Code 5 may be found, where the house also should be completed. Finally, the number of ticks and is located at or near the boundary of the block. They crosses in Form V sheets should be counted and the figures should be confirmed by tracing the household schedule. appropriately inserted in items 2 (i) and 2 (ii) of Form Code 8 (c) may oCCur due to the failure of the census VIII. The total number of ticks and crosses should be enum~rator to contact the inmates, as they are at home equal to the number of Form V sheets, if bogus entries oCcaslOnally. Code 8 (d) may occur in case the enumer­ were made on the scale of orie on each sheet. ator wrongly took the house as non-residential or vacant, whereas some people actually resided there. This should If the number of undetected bogus entries is consider­ be confirmed by a specific enquiry. In cases of codes 9 able, say more than 2, the verification work by the Verific­ and 10 the number of persons enumerated should be as­ ation Officer is of doubtful quality and a recheck of the certained from the household schedule and entered in sampled houses should be made. columns (vii) and (viii), for these are the numbers whiCh (b) The results of verification of individual house­ have been overenumerated; columns (x) and (xi) should holds may now be transcribed on a working sheet in Form be left blank in such cases. VII for getting the block summary figures required in Form Cases of any disproportionate omissions, say nearing VIII. After the bogus entries have been marked off as 10% of !he houses as given in Form I, should be intimated explained in paragraph (a) above. Form VII may be filled to the S. C. O. directly. The Verification Officer should with the help of the set of matching sheets in Form V and submit brief comments, giving his impressions about the VI, taken one by one. One line is to be used for one completeness of coverage of houses by the census, bringing household. The particulars required in columns (ii)-(vii) out any special features or factors concerning houses mis­ of Form VII are obtained from Form V. The numb::r of sed by census, but the remarks should be based on sound persons censuscd required in column (vii) is given by judgment and should not be.casual. serial number of the last entry in the household list in Form V, ignoring ghost entries and including deletions. Preparation of the Summary of results of Houselist and The figures for the remaining columns may be collected Re-enumeration Checks by C. O. from Form VI. Over-counted persons will figure in Section I with check mark N. E. in column vii. Missed persons 12. The data obtained in Forms III and VI should will be recorded in Section II with 'NO' in column (vii) be summarised by the Cbarge Officer in Forms IV and and persons whose enumeration by the census is not known VIII and forwarded through D. C. O. to S. C. O. by the will have N. K. in this column. As a rule, it will be 6th April along with the supporting papers in Forms I-III better to fill in the column of P (persons) in Form VI[ and IV-Vll and a certificate to the effect that the post­ first and then to obtain their male and female distribution. enumeration check was carried out to his satisfaction and For households marked 'Moved Away' in Form VI, write that the summaries were truly and correctly prepared. 'Moved Away' in columns (viii)-(xvi) and draw a line to "'The summaries may be prepared as follows :- score off the figures in columns (v)-(vii). APPENDIX XXXVlll-contd.

(c) The total number of houses for item 1 (iJ) of Form digit in the unit's pla~ in each number as it VIII may be copied from item 1 (I) of Form IV. Tb& occurs in the columns selected. figure for item 1 (ii) is given by the number of entries in Form VII ignoring 'Moved Away' cases. The totals of [Thus, from column 6 selected as above, the random the figuq:s IR columns (v) and (vi) of Form VII, ignoring starts for the successive blocks are 2, 7,0*, 1, 7, 0*, figures scored off due to 'Moved Away' cases, give the 3 etc.] figures required in item 3 (i). The figUres for items 3 (ii)­ • To be taken as 10, as explained in Note 2 below. (iv) are Similarly obtained by totalling the corresponding columns in Form VIII. (c) Selection of random start for urban areas-Here we have to select I house in 20. Divide each This completes the work of the Charge Offi~r. number in the selected column by 20 and the 13. An itemised programme of post-enumeration remainder gives the random start. If the number check is appended to this. This should be strictly follow­ in the column is less than 20, the figure itself ed. The necessary number of the [nstructions to Verific­ gives the remlinder i. e. no division is necessary. ation Officers and two copies of Forms II and V[ are [Thus, the remainders after dividing the successive enclosed herewith for distribution to the Verification numbers in column 8 (selected for the purpose) by 20, Officers of yoar charge, and for your own use. which give the random start for the successive blocks, are 19, 13, 12, 15, 17, 8, 14, 9 etc.] 14. The summary re~ults of verification prepared by the Charge Officer along with his comments and all papers Noles: 1. (i} If the numbers In the column are less than including Censused Houselist, Verification HouseHst, the number of random starts required, Verification slips etc. should be sent to the District Census select rnother column of the Random Officer before 6th April 1961. Number Sheet as soon as the numbers in the initially selected column are exhausted. Appendix :- (ii) In case all the columns of the Random A. Method of drawing random start for selection Number Sheet have been so used and still of houses in each sampled block. more random starts are to be selected, use B. Itemised programme of post-enumeration the columns again, as if they had not check. already been used. C. Forms i to IX P. E. C. (iii) The order in Which columns are taken is D. Instructions to Verification Officers. im~terial. APPENDIX A 2. If the random start figure comes out to be 0, it should be taken as 10 in case 1 in 10 is to be - Method of drawing random start for each Selected Block selected and as 20 in case 1 in 20 is to be selected. (a) Take any column of the random number sheet attached. (Suppose column No. 6 i~ taken) J. It will be seen that the method of taking the unit's digit given in (b) above is equivalent to dividing (b) Sel~tion of random start for the rural areas-Here the random number by 10 and taking the re­ welt:tve 10 s..:lect 1 hou,e in to. Pick out the mainder as the random start.

.RANDOM NUMBER SHEET TO BE USED FOR LOCATING RANDOM STARTS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

51 51 OJ 83 63 22 55 39 65 36 6~ 70 77 45 85 50 68 97 !l7 64 81 07 83 73 71 98 16 04 29 18 94 51 30 79 2} 69 22 40 98 72 20 56 20 11 72 65 71 08 81 69 40 23 72 51 39 75 17 26 99 76 89 37 20 70 90 60 73 96 53 °7 86 37 48 60 82 29 81 30 15 39 46 15 38 26 61 70 04 68 08 02 80 72 83 75 46 30 99 05 48 67 26 43 18 14 23 98 61 67 70 52 85 01 98 35 55 03 35 67 68 49 08 96 21 44 25 27 99 41 11 53 44 10 13 85 57 78 37 06 08 43 63 61 62 42 06 71 95 06 79 88 54 37 21 34 17 68 86 96 83 23 83 45 19 90 70 99 00 14 29 09 34 04 87 83 07 55 49 9;) 65 97 38 20 46 68 43 28 06 36 49 52 83 51 39 .'-'f .. 51 67 11 52 49 10 43 67 29 70 80 62 80 03

161 APPENDIX XXXVIII-contd.

RANDOM NUMBER SHEET TO BE USED FOR LOCATING RANDOM START8-(concld.)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 17 9S 70 45 80 44 38 88 39 54 86 97 37 44 13 74 63 52 52 01 41 90 59 59 19 51 85 39 52 85 68 93 60 61 97 22 61 41 47 10 25 62 97 OS 31 03 01 07 98 99 46 50 47 91 94 14 63 19 75 89 11 47 74 97 76 38 03 29 63 80 06 54 18 66 09 18 94 06 19 33 58 05 70 53 30 67 72 77 63 48 84 08 31 5S 43 70 02 87 40 41 4S 59 40 24 13 27 79 26 88 86 95 80 35 14 97 35 33 05 90 35 89 95 01 61 16 96 82 IS 94 51 33 41 67 44 43 80 69 98 46 68 05 14 65 31 91 51 80 32 44 61 81 31 96 82 00 57 25 60 85 23 65 09 29 75 63 42 88 07 10 05 24 98 65 63 65 79 20 71 53 20 25 77 94 30 05 39 28 10 99 00 81 06 01 82 77 15 12 78 83 19 76 16 94 11 68 84 00 52 53 43 37 15 26 87 76 59 61 81 43 63 64 61 50 28 11 39 03 34 25 91 43 05 96 47 55 78 99 95 53 32 40 36 40 96 76 84 97 77 72 73 09 62 06 65 69 84 99 63 22 32 98 87 41 60 76 83 44 88 96 67

CENSUS 1961-POST-ENUMERATION CHECK-INSTRUCTIONS TO ,VERIFICATION OFFICERS

INTRODUCTlON Form II in the same manner as the houselist was pre­ pared in the main census and Th~post-enumeration check in J961 Cen~us is to be made primarily for obtaining an estImate of the extent of (2) Re-enumerate the sampled houses in respect of error in the census count of persons. Such e~r?rs may be which partly filled up sheets in Form VI are handed over divided into two independent components arIS10g due .to to him. errors (1) in covering a house as a whole and hence Its The manner in which the houselist has been prepared inmates and (2) counting inmates in a house covered by a for the main census is indicated below for the 'fnformation census. The term 'error' here includes ~oth over. and of the Verification Officers. The houselist consists of 3 under enumeration. It is proposed to verify errors 10 the columns relating to the number. These are (I) the building coverage of the houses by an independent preparat,ion of a number, (2) the number of the building and sub-number houselist of the block selected fo~ post-enumeratIo? and of the census house and (3) the number of the census its matching with the list of dwelltngs enumerated 10 t~e house and the sub-number of the census household. The block as shown by the population record. The error In building refers to the entire structure on the ground. There the enumeration of persons in houses covered by the are, however, high, large or long buildings which have census is proposed to be obtained through a re-enumera­ been partitioned or portions of which have been sold, tion of the sampled houses by the Verification Offi~r who which have distinct separate main exits on the road and will be given a list containing the names of t~e 10mates which belong to separate owners or occupiers. Such dis­ of the sampled houses as gi-.:en in the ~opulatlOn .re~ord tinguishable structures although not separate from each with ghost entries and dehb~rate. deletIOns made 10 It to other should be regarded as separate buildings. A census check the reliabilitv of venficatlOn. The work of the house is a structure or a part of a structure, inhabited or Verification Officer will, therefore, consist of preparing an vacant, or a dwelling, shop or a shop-cum-dwelling or a independent list of all hous~s in the selected block and re­ place of business, Workshop, school etc. with a separate enumerating the per~ons 10. the selected. houses. The main entrance. A household is a group of persons .who Verification Officer WIll be gIven the partIculars of the commonl~ live together and would take their meals from a selected block and Forms II and VI for the above purpose. common kitchen unless exigencies of work prevent any of A notional map of the block a~d the census ~umber .of them from doing so. A building may consist of one the first building in the block WIll also be supphed to hIm census house only or more than one and a Ce'lSllS house in advance. may consist of one census household only or more than one. Every building has been given a number. If, how­ FUNCIIONS OF THE VERIFICATION o,FICER ever, there are more than one structure within an enclosed 2. Commencing the work on 22nd March 1961 the or open compound belonging to the same per~on which is Verification Officer has not occupied e. g. the ma~n house, servants quarters. garage etc. only one building number is given. But if any of (1) To prepare in the f!lanner explained below an these structures is occupied by a separate household that independent list of all houses 10 the selected block B of structure will also be numbered. When there is only one

162 APPENDIX XXXVIII-contd.

CENSUS 1961-POST-ENUMERATION CH~CK-INSTRUCTIONS TO VERIFICATION' OFFICERS-(Contd.)

~nsus hOuse .and one census household in the same build­ hou'!lehold a Dumber would have been given painted on a. JOg there \Viii be only one number on the building and in cardboard or a plank. Where the building has no wall all the co~umns of the houselist the sallle number will be except thatched walls it is not possible to paint the numbers. repeated. Where there are more than one census house on them. In such cases the number would have been in the same building the sub-number of each census house given painted on a cardboard or on a plank. There is no will be indicatt'~ by putting (1), (2) etc. within brackets guarantee that such cardboard or plank would have been after the number of the building. Where there are more preserved by the household in all cases. Each building is than one census household in the same building each given a number in the serial order. Each census house in household will be indicated by sub-numbers (A), (B) etc. a building is given the serial order limited to the census given within brackets after the number of the census houses in that building and each household the serial house. The order of numbering in a locality is from order ,limited to the households in that census house. north-west to south-east. The following illustrate the While preparing the Verification Houselist the Verifica­ mode in whkh the number is allotted to buildings, census tion Officer should follow the same serial order in which bouses and censu'! households:- the bu1ildings have been numbered for the main census. Building Building No. Census House No. Commencing work on nnd March 1961, the Verifica­ No. with sub- with sub-No. of tion Officer has to prepare in the manner explained No. of the the Census house- below (i) an independent list of all houses in the selected Census House hold block in Section B of Form II in the same manner as the Illustration-I houyelist was prepared in the main census and (ii) re­ enumerate the sampled houses, in respect of which partly One building C-I-J C-l-1 C-H filled sheets in Form VI are handed over to him. poth with one cen- these items of work can be done simultaneously as he sus house and visits a house. one census household (i) Form II Verification Houselist- Illustration-II (a) The Verification Officer· has to fill in columns (i)-(v) of Form II, leaving column (vi) blank. For this, he One building C-I-I C-I-I C-I-I (A) has tJ spot out each hou5e in the block, and classify it with one cen- C-I-I (B) according to its use as wholly residential (R), partly resid­ sus house and ential (PR), wholly non-residential (NR) and vacant (V) as two census I on 1-3-1961. It will be possible to obtain f>uch informa­ households tion generally from the exterior supplemented by any IllustraTiOIl-lll necessary local enquiry Before' c1a<;sifying a house NR or V, it should be confirmed that nobody lives there either One building C-I-I C-I-I (I) C-I-J (I) alone or with his family i. e. nobody habitually sleeps with two cen- C-I-J (2) C-J-J (2) there in the night except for night duty. . sus houses and <)De census (b) When a house is located, the Verification Officer household in may find a census house number borne on the entra 'lce, which each he should copy out in culumns (ii) and (iii). In a few cases, he may find no census house number. Such cases will I/lustration-IV generally occur in obscure places or in multi-home build­ ings, where the other houses were given a house numb~r· One building C-I-J C-I-J (I) C-I-t (lA) Before taking a house as without census number. it IS with two cens- C-I-I (IB) necessary to check up that the house has no other entrance us houses and bearing the census number. When it is clear, that it is s~. each census C-J-I C-l-I (2) C-I-I (2A) the location details of the house shouid be recorded 1;1 house with two C-J-J (2B) . column (iv), the other cmumns (ii) and (iIi) being lei t ~ensu> house- blank. The location details may be given as betw~n the 110lds census numbers of two adjoining hous~s in the lane or stre~t named, or with reference to some other well-known In the above illustrations the letter 'C' stands for census. building or spot. In all census house numbers there will be letter 'c' pre­ (c) The entire block should be covered. In case of cedll1g it. The first (I) stands for the number of the ward/ anv doubt, as to wheth:r a house should be taken as kara/desom/muri and the second (I) stands for the number faliing in the block. th; Verification Officer may record of the building. Where there is only one census house in his doubt, while making other entries. the same building and only one household in it the number o()f the building alone will be found at the entrance. Where (ii) Form VI Verification SJips- there are more than one census house in the same building the number 01 each census house will be seen at the Section I-(a) The Verification Officer may first ask entrance of each census house. Where there are more the name of the head of the household, and if he finds that than one household for the same census house it will not the household which was staying here at the time of the be possible to paint the numbers for the s:!cond house­ census ha~ moved away, he should record 'Moved Away' hold. Thus at the entrance of the first household the in the 'Check Mark' column (vii) and pass on to the next­ number of that household will be seen. For the second household. He may now start by asking for the names of

163 APl'ENDIX XXXVIII-contd.

CENSUS 1961-POST-ENUMERATlON CHECK-INSTRUCTIONS TO VERIFICATION OFFICERS-c~ntd. all persons who stayed in the household at allY time dur!ng e' a visitor, who arrived in the household atter the inItial VISit of the cach unticked case whether the person at all ever stayed enumerator and who stated that h.:! had not been enumer­ in the household during 10th-28th February. If the­ answer is 'no' the case should be marked N. E. F., unless ated anywhere else. This is in accordan~e with the cen~us the person is a nOimal resident, when it should be mark-­ instructions for enumerating persons, VIZ, normal resid­ ents, whether present or absent at the time of enumerator's ed N. E. R. If the answer is '}CS', it should be enquir­ "isit, .should be enumerated in the household: unless they ed whether he is a normal resident or was only a visitor left it before 10th February and are not hkely to return to the household during 10th-28th February. If he wa' before the sunrise of 1st March. In the latter case, they a visitor, N. E. V. should b~ marked, l·nkss It is confirm­ are to be enumerated, wherever they are caught by the ed that he was either away from h!s home throughout IOth- census enumerator and nol in their home. These are 28th Februarv or had stated in the rev:sional round that he was not enumerated elsewhere, in which case th" entry amplified by the instruction~ ~or the revisional round ~h.at is to be ticked as correctly ii1cluded. If he is a normal birth!i occurring up to the sunflse of 1st March and ViSit­ ors, who arrive after the last visit of the enumerator and resident, N. E. R. should be marked, when it i~ confirmed st:lte that they were not enumerated .e!sewhere, are to ?e that he was expected to be away from home throuf!hollilOth- recorded in the household at the revlslonal round, while 28th February or was dead before the sunrise of 1st March, otherwi~e the entry is to be ticked as correctly deaths up to the sunrise of 1st March are to be deleted. included. The confirmation should be sought to decide Thus to decide wheth:!r a person is eligible for in­ whether to mark a tick or 'not eligible' class. clusion i~ the list of inmates enumerated in the house­ (d) Age, sex and relationship to tpe head of each hold the basic test is whether he stayed in the house­ name ticked should then be enquired and recorded in holct' any time during the enumeration period. T~10se who columns (iv)-(vi) of Section 1. satisfv it should be classified as normal residents Or . \ . visitors. All normal residents are eligible, but this is Sections II and III-He may now ta-kc up the new not true of visitors. They must satisfy a second test of names, if any, entered in Section II as indicated in (b) having been away from their homes throughout the enu­ above. He has not only to record their age, sex and P1eration period for enumerating them in the household. relationship in columns (iiiHv) but also particulars requir­ These should clearly be explained to the respondent. ed in the 'next two columns (vi) and (vii) reiating to residential status and enumeration anywhere else and People, who are unable to fix the enumeration period further record in Section III under appropriate group the 1 rth to 28th February in their minds, may be asked to reference to th" serial number of the line of entry in thi s thiBk of the period when census work. was . reing d~ne in Section II. This may be done as follows:- their area up to 1st March 1961. ThiS, bemg a p~nod <;f unusual local activity, is Jikeiy to be well-fixed In their (e) The Verification Officer should enquire about each minds. such name (1) whether the person normally resided in the household or was a visitor, (2) the period during 10th- (b) As eligible name~. are bein.g giv~n out, he should 28th February he was away from his home and (3) mark a tick in column (Vll) of SectIOn I III respect of those whether it is known that he was definitelv enumerated or that occur there and insert in Section 1I any extra name. definitely not enumerated anywhere <'lse ;' in the former which does not occur in Section I. Minor vacations in case 'Yes' and in the latter case 'No' should be entered in the name recorded in Form VI and that given now by the column (vii) and in other cases N. K. (Not Known) ~hould respondent should be ignored; age and sex details will be recorded. help in tracing the identity. A normal resid

164 APPENDIX XX XVIII-contd.

CENSUS 1961-POST-ENUMERATioN CHECK-INSTRUCTIONS TO VERIFICATION OFFICERS-(concld.)

H[ under one of the five groups, which have been 'formed A visitor should conform to the condition of being for drawing specific attention to anyone missed there. The away from his home during 10-28th February before he first group 'Infants and Children', will have age below 15 can be taken as having been missed by census but even in column (iii) of Section II. The second group will have then a probing question about his having been enumer­ N. R. P. in column (vi) of Section II. The third and the ated elsewhere is necessary to safeguard against double fourth groups will have N. R. A. in this column (vi) counting. . and they are differentiated by the entry in column (v) of Section II, which will show whether the person is related It is realised that it may not always be possible to or unrelated to the head of the household. The fifth say definitely whether a person has or has not been enu­ group will have V in column (vi) of Section II. merated elsewhere. In the absence of such positive in­ formation, the class of N. K. is to be taken as missed It may be ~een that details of missed persons in by census. It is therefore, necessary that, in so far as both the households listed on one side of the sheet are possible, an enquiry about his enumeration should act­ provided to be recorded in Section II in a running serial; ually be made from the person concerned or the member only by Section III they can be differentiated. This has of the household, who originally gave the information been done to economise space. to the enumerator, if available and on hand. (g) The purpose of the analytical entries in columns Re-Section III speCifically. (vi) and (vii) of Section II and the grouped recording in (h) Now the Verification Officer should read out the Section HI is two fold, first to ensure reasonably that names of the inmates as verified in Sections I and II and the person was genuinely missed by census and second to ask specifically reading out group by group, whether there put the respondent in a frame of mind for locating such is any other person who falls in the group and may have missed persons. This will be clear from the following been missed by census. If there is none so missed in anv remarks. group the 'No' box should be cross· marked, otherwise Here N. R. P. can figure as missed by census due the name reported should be entered in Section II and the to a mp,mory lapse of the respondent giving information reference to the serial number of the line given against to the enumerator. Such cases should not be frequent, the 'Yes' box. Items (iii)-(vii) of Section II should also but if they occur, mostly they are genuinely missed by be filled in for the new entries now made. census. Such instances occur more in the group of children and infants. This completes the work of the V. O. Paragraphs (a), (c), (e) and (h) indicate the types of probing questions he Greater caution is necessary in the case of N. R. A. has to put. who were moving about in the enumeration period. If the census instructions for their enumeration do not work On 27th March 1961 the Verification Officer has to out smoothly as envisaged and there is some confusion, send all papers to the Charge Officers. N. R. A. is liable to be missed in list of inmates of the household and is also liable to be enumerated elsewhere. Some probing is necessary to bring this to light. In such cases, it may be pertinent to consider the relationship of Yours faithfully the person to the head and the place he went to along M. K. DEVASSY with his period of absence from home, so that it may be possible to elicit whether he was enumerated elsewhere. Superintendent of Census Operations Unrelated persons are more likely to be mere visitors.

ITEmSED PROGRAMME OF POST-ENUM~RATION GIVING THE DATE ON WHICH THE ITEM SHOULD BE COMPLETED

1. Selection of sampled blocks 20-2-1961 Officer, communication of the particulars of the blocks selected for post-enumerat­ 2. Appointment of Verification Officers by ion check to the Verification Officer along the Charge Officer 28-2-1961 with the notional map and the number of the first building in the block and 3. Despatch of instructions to Verification Officers by the Charge Officer with a despatch of Verification Houselist forms blank copy each of Forms II and VI 10-3-1961 (Form II) to the Verification Officer 15-3-1961 4. Preparation of Censused Houselist select­ 6. Preparation of Verification Houselist ion of houses for PEC and copying the (Form II) and re-enumeration by filling 22nd and names of inmates of sampled houses in up Verification Slips (Form VI) by the 23rd March Form IV by the Charge Officer 12--3-1961 Verification Officer 1961 5. Preparation of verification slips (Form 7. Submission of Verificafion Houselist VI) introducing ghost entries and dele­ and Verification Slip duly completed to tions and their despatch to the Verification the Charge Officer 27-3-1961

165 APPENDIX XXXVI1I-contd.

ITEMISED PROGRAMME OF POST-ENUMERATION GIVING THE DATE ON WHICH THE ITEM SHOULD BE COMPLETED--(concid.)

2. Processing of Verification Houselist its transmission with all papers (CHL, 1. Matching of Verification Houselist VHL, VS and Lists of Extras) to the with Censused Houselist and pre­ District Census Officer for transmis­ paration of Lists of Extras by the sion to the Superintendent of Census Charge Officer 28-3-1961 Operations 6-4-1961 9. 2. Re-survey by the Charge Officer 31-3-1961 10. Sending the State Statements with com­ 3. Preparation of summary results with ments and Lists of Extras to the Registrar comments by the 'Charge Officer and General 30-4-1961

FORM I PEC CENSUSED HOUSELlST

I. ViIlagejTown ...... 6. Boundary demarcation ...... 2. District ...... 3. State ...... 4. Location Code of Block ...... 5. Its census population: Males ...... Females...... 7. P. E. C. Block No ...... 8. Houselist

SI. Bldg. House No. of Matching S1. Bldg. House No. of Matching No. No. No. H.Hs. V. H. 1. No. No. No. No. H.Hs. V.H.1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv): (\') (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) • (v)

FORM II PEC VERIFICATION HOUSELIST Section A-(To be filled in by Charge Officer) 1. Village/Town ...... 5. Boundary demarcation ...... 2. District ...... (Also see attached ...... 3. State ...... notional map) ...... 4. Location Code of Block ...... 6. P. E. C. Block No.

Section B-(To be filled in by V. 0.)

SI. If the house has a If there is no cenSLlS No. the location Use of house Matching No. census No. its details of the house R/PR/NR/V remarks

Bldg. No.1 House No. ! (i) (ii) I (iii) , (iv) (v) (vi) ------~------FORMWPEC LIST OF ExTRAS

Location Code of Block ...... PEC Block No...... Rural/Urban

SI. Entry No. Census No. or Incase the census In case the census is wrong No. Ref: location details is correct -- Code Description No. of inmates No. censused Code Description reason reason reason reason elsewhere M F M F (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi)

166 APPENDIX XXXVIII-contd.

FORM IV PEe CHARGE CIRCLE SUMMARY OF HOUSE VERIFICATION P. E. C. Block Nos .... · .. · .. ··· .. · .. · ...... : ...... Rural/Urban , I

P. E. C. Block No. Charge Circle Total

1. No. of HOU3~) I---...!__--- ~ ______

(i) B), CHL 1 _ 1 __ i ~~!OU:d m_is~~______~______------_L __I"~~~~~_'______(iii) Found duplicated or wrongly included ,-----'1--1------:,------7---- (iv) True No. in the block [(i) -;- .(ii) - (iii) ] I I Sex

MFMFMFMF M F p

2. No. of persons (i) Censused in the block I I I I I I I I (ii) In missed houses ._~_ 1I11I11 (-i-jj-) -In-d-U-p-)-ic-at-e-d-o-r-w-ro-n-g-)Y-in-C-)U-ded houses l----;---I--:j'-----,/!..,_-i-- I_ _.;.I_..:I:_..-.:.I __.:-_...:.. __

LIST OF INMATES FORM V PEe

1. Location Code of Block...... 2. P. E. C. Block No ...... 3. Sampled House No ...... ·· .. ·.... 4. No. of household,s ...... (The name of the head of the households should be entered in the first line.) 5. Inmates -- Sl. Household ...... Household ...... Household ...... Household ...... Household ...... No. --- Name ---Sex Name Sex Name Sex Name Sex Name Sex (vi) j (vii) (viii) (i) (ii) I (iii) (iv) I (v) I (ix) (x) I (xi)

167 APPENDIX XXXVIII-contd.

VERIFICATION SLIP FORM VI PEe

1. Location Code...... 2. Household Nos ...... to ...... of house

SECTION I Note:-1. Ignore all changes after 1-3-1961; fill in blanks against each name. 2. If the household listed here has since moved away, just write 'Moved Away' in column 5 headed 'Check Mark~ and nothing further need be done about that household,

(i) Household I No ...... (i) Hous~hold II No ...... : ......

sr:---Name Age Sex Relationship Chec~:- Name Age Sex Relationship Check No. to head Mark No. to head Mark I I (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) I (vii) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) I (vi)' (vii) 1 1 2 I! 2 ~ 3 4 4 5 I I 5 6 6 7 'I 7 98 I 89 10'--______, __ '----- _____--'- __--'-_10 __ , ______1______

SECTION II DETAILS OF PERSONS MISSED

Age Residential Whether Sl. Name Sex \ ~elat­ st. IName I Age /1 Sex Relat­ Residential Whether No. IOn- status (NRP! enum. ion· status (NRP / enum. ship NRA/V) (Yes/No/ NO.: I ship NRA/V) (Yes/No/ N.K.) N.K.) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) r (v) (vi) (vii) (i) I (ii) I (iii) I (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 10

SECTION III 1. Read out the names of the inmates of each.ho~sehold as listed above. Then ask, if any person has been missed (including dead after 28th February), remlndmg the respondent about the following groups and putting a cross (x) in the relevant box that applies. 2. In case of yes, fill in details in Section III and give a reference to the line number in this Section. (Missed) (Missed) (Missed) 1 ____N_o_rm_a_l_r_e_si_d_en_t_s-:-a_t _h_0_m_e_d_u_fl_'n_g_1_0_th_-_2_8_th_F_e_h_fU_a_r_y ___ j Visitors away from Infants & Children Throughout Only some time I' their homes through- Related or unrelated to Head Related to Head Unrelated to Head out 10-28th February (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) -----1------.------,------House- House- HhOoluds~l-1- hHooludseI-J House-! House- House-, House- House- House­ hold I hold II hold I I hold II ~ld_l_ \ hold It hold I hold II ------1------1------1------DYes, \0 Yes, 0 Yes, 0 Yes, 0 Yes, 0 Yes, 10 Yes, 10 Yes, 0 Yes, 0 Yes, cetails in I details in details in details in details in details in I detu ils in details in details io details in line No... line No... line No... line No... line No... line No ... ' line No ... line No... line No.... line No ... No o No to No 0 No \ 0 No o No 0 No 0 No ON°ON°D

InS APPENDIX XXXVIII-concld.

RE-ENUMERATION OF PERSONS (WORKING SHEET) FORM VII PEe

Location code of Block ...... ~ ..._ ...... P. E. C. Block No ...... 0- ••

No. of persons verified as S1. Census No. of persons No. No. censused Overcounted I Missed I Enumeration not known Bid. H H.H. M F P M F P M F P M F p

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) - I FORM VIU PEC CHARGE CIRCLE SUMMARY OF RE-ENUMERATION OF PERSONS P. E. C. Block Nos...... , .... '" ...... Rural/Urban

Block No. I Charge I Circle Total 1. No. of houses (i) Total I I (ii) Checked leaving 'Moved Away' I I 2. No. of bogus entries (i) Total I 1- (ii) Detected I I F Sex M F M I F I M I F I M I F I M I l_p 3. No. of persons in sampled houses leaving 'Moved Away' (i) Censused -- (ii) Missed by Census I I I I I I (iii) Reported extra whose enu­ meration is not known I -1--,----)-, - (iv) Over· enumerated

FORM IX PEC LIST OF ENUMERATION ERRORS State ...... Rural/Urban Res. Status Eourn. Stat us Sl. Age Relationship Group No. No. IPEe Block No. Name Sex I NRP/NRA/V MjOjNK (i) I (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) I (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix)

169 APPENDIX XXXIX

LIST OF TALUKS AND TOWNS FROM WHICH BLOCKS WERE SELECTED FOR THE POST-ENUMERATION CHECK

RURAL AREAS (TALUKS)

1. Kasaragod 15. Ottapalam 29. Muvattupuzha 43. Chengannur 2. Hosdrug 16. Pal ghat 30. Thodupuzha 44. Karthigapally 3. Taliparamha 17. Alathur 31. Devicolam 45. Mavelikkara 4. Cannanore 18. Chittur 32. Udumbanchola 46. Pathauamthitta 5. Tellicherry 19. Talappilly 33. Meenachil 47. Kunnathur 6. North Wynad 20. Trichur 34. Vaikom 48. Karunagapally 7. Badagara 21. Chowghat 35. Kottayam 49. Quilon 8. Quilandy 22. Cranganore 36. Changanacherry 50. Kottarakara 9. Kozhikode 23. Mukundapuram 37. Kanjlrappally 51. Pathanapuram 10. Timr 24. Parur 38. Peermade 52. Chirayinkil 11. Ernad 25. Alwaye 39. Shertalai 53. Trivandrum 12. South Wynad 26. Kunnathunad 40. Ambalapuzha 54. Neyyattinkara 13. Perintalmanna 27. Kanayannur 41. Kuttanad 55. Nedumangad 14. Ponnani 28. Coehin 42. Thiruvalla

URBAN AREAS (TOWNS)

.1. Kasaragod 12. Tanur 23. Edappally 34. Chengannur 2. Kanhangad 13. Palghat 24. Ernakulam 35. Kundara 3. Triehambaram 14. Chittur-Thathamangalam 25. Perumbavoor 36. Quilon 4. Chirakkal 15. Ponnani 26. Kanjirappally 37. Varkala 5. Chovva 16. Chowghat 27. 'Changanaeherry 38. Kadinamkulam 6. Tellieherry 17. Kunnamkulam 28. Kottayam 39. Katakampally 7. Badagara 18. Triehur 29. Palai 40. Nemom 8. Elathur 19. Chalakudy 30. Shertalai 41. Trivandrum 9. Beypore 20. Parur 31. Alleppey 42. Vizhinjam 10. Calieut 21. Njarakkal 32. Kayamkulam 43. Neyyattinkara 11. Feroke 22. Mattaneherry 33. Pandalam

APPENDIX XL DISTRICTWISE, STATEMENT OF ALLOTMENT OF CENSUS MEDALS Enumerators en- gaged in house Enumerators en- Supervisors engag- numbering ope- gaged in actual ed in house number- Supervisors engag- rations enumeration ing operations ed in enumeration Charge Officers -"------., ..).. --. ,-----"------, r-----"------, r----"------., -Name of District silver bronze silver bronze silver bronze silver bronze silver bronze Cannanore 2 4 9 27 1 1 4 4 2 4 Kozhikode 2 4 14 40 2 2 6 7 2 4 Pal ghat 2 4 9 27 1 1 4 4 2 4 Trichur 1 2 9 25 1 1 4 4 2 2 Ernakulam 2 4 10 28 1 1 5 5 2 4 Kottayam 1 2 9 27 1 1 4 4 2 2 Alleppey 2 4 9 28 1 1 5 5 2 4 Quilon 2 4 10 30 1 1 5 5 3 4 Trivandrum 1 2 9 27 1 1 4 4 2 2

Total 15 30 88 259 10 10 41 42 20 3il

170 APPENDIX XLI

INSTRUCTIONS AND QUESTIONNAIRE ISSUED FOR THE FERTILITY SURVEY

Explanatory Note workers that is, those who owing to the uncertainties. of employment are not always engaged continuously and 1. The object of the Post-Census Survey is mainly to work whenever they can get it, and may not have found collect information on the fertility pattern of Indian work at all in any of the 15 days of the reference period. women and incidentally to obtain information on working This will also help in the classification of those returned force, since each ~ndividual in the household is being as 'working' in Question 1 into 'casual' and 'regular' followed in any case. A similar survey on fertility has workers. been carried out in the Sample Census conducted practi­ cally in each State where only still-married women were Questions 2 (b) and (c) are meant to obtain informa­ taken into account and the study of fertility differentials tion about usual occupation of non-casual workers. Quest­ was confined only to the wife of the head of the household. ion 2 (b) should give the number of persons, who during In the present survey, all ever-married women are to be the last 15 days, were doing some work other than their included and their fertility differentials by the various usual occupation. Question 2 (c) should furnish informa­ characteristics are to be studied. This variation requires tion about the number of seasonal workers. These should that the details of the survey should be different. throw light on the significance of occupational pattern based on 15 days' reference period' and the position re­ 2. Two schedules have been prescribed for this garding seasonal workers. survey. One is a household schedule. It has three sections. 3. The other schedule is a fertility slip, suitable for Se-ction 1 is primarily meant to obtain a list of all hand sorting, on which information about children born persons including visitors in the household on the date of to an ever-married woman is to be recorded. Here the mvestigator's visit, which should lead to detection and object is to get information on the total number of complete count of all ever-married women. The parti­ children born to a woman for analysing with reference to culars regarding relation to head, sex, age, marital status her age at marriage, duration of married life, religion and have been provided mainly to yield clues about possible education and her husband's occupation, industry and omissions in the list of inmates so prepared. education.

It is necessary to record separately the fertil~ty 4. Most of the terms have already been defined in experienc~ of women married more than once but families the Census instructions. A set of instructions on special which do not favour remarriage of women may re~ent points, which should be borne in mind, when filling the a question if itis put as a matter of routine in respect of all schedules is given in the Annexure. women in the household legardless of their susceptibili­ ties. It is for this reason that ANNEXURE Section 2 . has been inserted to elicit information about Instructions households which possibly may have remarried 'Yidows or divorced women. On the right hand top of the individual A-Household Schedule slip particulars of remarriage are to be entered only in respect of those, who are indicated as such in item (2) of 1. (i) In Section 1 all persons of the household this Section 2; if Section 2 of the household schedule present in the village or town at the time of investigator's -contains no entry at all, it is to be presumed that an ever­ visit should be entered. The requirements are more or married woman married only once. less the same in filling census individual slip. Section 3 is designed to find out the number of persons (ii) It may be suggested to the respondent to give working as defined in 1961 Census. According to census the name of residents in the sequence of their natural definition a person engaged in non-seasonal activity was relationships e. g. head, wife, sons, son's wives and child­ taken as working if he was at work on any day during the ren, unmarried daughters and then any others. A wide preceding 15 days. In the case of seasonal activity, the variety of related a,nd unrelated persons come under reference period was the current or last working season. others. e. g. parents,lmarried daughters and their husbands A pointed opening question in 1 (a) will separate out the and children, nephews, nieces, grandsons, grand­ bulk of those, who are clearly and easily classifiable as daughters. working for whom the further Questions 1 (b) to (d) will be unnecessary. Question 1 (b) is plainly a second stage (iii) Consideration of the entries of relation to question which will pick out and expose those who were head, age and marital status will indicate whether any engaged in some kind of work or other during the last 15 person has been missed in the list. This should be days, but whose activity is liable to be concealed in the checked up in order to catch omissions of residents. beginning. Question 1 (c) should account for those who are unemployed and looking for work. Question 1 (d) will 2. Section 2 aims at finding out if there is any take account of those who are normally working but did woman who married more than once. A direct question not work during the reference period of last 15 days, on the point may be resented by many families and hence owing to special contingencies like sickness, off-season a general question (a) is asked. Only if the answer is in etc. The 'working' group will then comorise of those affirmative, should question (b) be asked, otherwise not. returned as 'working' in Question 1 (a) or Yes in If there is any woman who married more than once, it is ·Question 1 (b) or Yes in Question 1 (d). desirable to complete forthwith her particulars in respect of remarriages at the top right hand corner or this woman's Questions 2 (a) and 2 (b) should also be put in respect fertility slip. This question of remarriages should not be of every person. Question 2 (a) will account for casual broached lightly or more often than is necessary. 171 APPENDIX XLI-·conl d.

3 (i) Section 3 is to be filled only in respect of husband and the duration of married life. Care should. rso~s above age 10 to find out the number of working be taken to collect them correctly and tactfully without ;!rsons in the household. The followi~g gives the defini­ causing any annoyance to the informant. Collection of tion of 'working' for the purpose of thiS survey:~ these particulars will present some difficulty in the case of women married more than once. Such women must have A person is 'workin~' if .his activity. brings him or already been marked on the top right hand corner of the to his family earmngs ID cash or kmd. Such earn­ slip. In their case special instruction given in (iii) below ings should arise from repairs done or services should be carefully followed. rendered or sale of own or somebody el~e's pro~l!ce (i) In some communities, there is a separate formal. including manufactured goods. The earnmgs aflsmg ceremony or occurrence such as gauna, muklawa or dwira­ from interest, dividend, pension, rent, royalty and gaman which takes place quite some time after the begging are not relevant in this connection. wedding celebrations.!' This is a custom which continues The object is to see how this definition works opera­ from the time when gIrls usoo to be married before attain­ tionally. In 1961 Census. the conc~pt of work was made ment of puberty but used to start married life with clear through a number of il!l!stratIve examples. .The two the husband some time after the attainment of basic concepts in the defi~ItIOn adopted f~r thIS. survey puberty. This second ceremony, therefore, marks should be particularly explamed to ~h

172 APPENDIX XLI-contd.

(ii) In question 11 (b) on nature of industry the attention to the Onam of 1961 (which will be just over) activities of the employer or the establishment where the and say if the birth occurred bllfore or after this date. By person works should be fully recorded. The activity may considering answers to parts (i) and (ii), it would be rerate to a production industry, business, trade, profes­ possible to locate births that occurred between the two sion or service. The description should give the chief Onams of 1960 and 1961. articles or gOods produced or repaired or services rendered by the employer or the establishment. Question 13 In this question information is to be collected only about children born alive, leaving out still Question 12 If a child is born alive, it is a live birth, births. The informant has to closely recollect the past even though it may die soon after. However, if the child and needs assistance. He may first be asked to concent­ is born dead i. e. it does not show any sign of life after rate on those still alive. He can then easily fill in those birth, it is a still birth. In such cases. it should be who are no longer alive. ascertained whether the still birth QCcurred 'before or after the completion of six months of pregnancy. Thereafter If no child is reported to have been born it should be the type of birth in question 120) (b) should be entered asked specifically if there was none born, who may have according to the following code: died. Live birth L Column 4 of question 13 really works out the present Still birth after six ages of dead children if they had not died and were now months of pregnancy SA alive. A quick glance of the entries against Column (1) Still birth before six and Column (4) will show the internal consistency of the months of pregnancy SB information. Births generally occur with a time gap of 2 to 3 years. Only in a few cases will the gap be shorter, Question 12 Children born are to be recorded in two in which case confirmation of the fact should be obtained. Sections. Those born after Onam of 1960 are to be enter­ Where there is a wider gap, it should be made sure that ed in question 12 (i) and (ii). All children born before there is no omission. It will be a good thing if the entries Onam of 1960 will be entered in question 13. In States, against Column (1) and Column (4) are reviewed with the where Onam is not readily recalled any other important help of ·the respondent asking for confirmation of the festival, which occurred near about this time may be time interval between successive births, which, ordinariiy, taken. The object in question 12 is to find out if there should be easy. ' was any birth during a period of 12 months but most persons find it difficult to fix a span of 12 months and Total number of children recorded in question 13 hence are unable to give correct information. Keeping have to be shown in the margin as provided there. this in view, question 12 has been divided into two parts. Part (i) enquires about all births that took place after the Question 14 In question 14 the number of all the preceding Onam in 1960, which the informant can well fix children born alive including any shown in question 12 in his mind. Part (ii) requires the informant to fix his but excluding any still birth is to be recorded.

POST-CENSUS SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULE

Census Location Code ...... , ...... , ,., ,... " .. , ,...... ', ...... , .S. No.

SECTION 1.

1 (a) [Persons (including visitors) in the household on the date of investiga~or's visit]

ReI. to Name Head ! S~ lAg, M. S. Nom' ~:~:r I S

2 8 3 9 10 I 4 I 5 11 6 12 I

173 APPENDIX XU-colltd.

SECTION 2. (a) Is remarriage after widowhood or divorce permissible in your family? (Yes/No) ...... (b) If 'Yes' is the al1swer, is there any woman in the family who has been married more than once, give reference to S. No. in Section 1 (a) ......

"SECTION 3. Fill for all males and 1Cr-mlc5 a;'ove age 10 enumerated in the household.

------.------~------~ S. No. in 1 (a) 1------_·------Activity during the last 15 days

------

1 (a) What was the Person doing most of last 15 days? Wkg/H/O/UW

(b) If answer is H/O/UW, did the per- son do any work at all for payor wages or in own business or pro- fession or farm or as unpaid family worker on any day or days during the last 15 days? (Yes/No.)

(c) If 'No' is the answer to (b), was the person looking for work? (Yes/No) ...... --.------(d) If 'No' is the answer to (c), does tbe person bave an occupation or business or profession, even though he or she did not work during last 15 days? (Yes/No)

--~ ------2 (a) Is the person a casual worker, that is; working whenever he or she gets some work? (Yes/No)

----

(b) If 'No' is the answer to 2 (a), whe- ther his or her usual work is different from present work (Yes! No)

(c) If 'Yes' is the answer to 2 (a), whether his or her usual work is of seasonal nl\ture. (Yes/No)

174 APPENDIX XLI-contd. POST-CENSUS SURVEY FERTILITY SLIP REMARRIAGES (For ever married woman)

1. S. No. of the household to which the woman belongs A. If remarried after widowhood or divorce and the serial number of the relevant entry in section write R. 1 (a) of the household schedule separated by a hyphen ...... B. How many times remarried?

C. Duration in years of current marriage 2. Location Code ...... 3. Name ...... -4. Present Age (Completed years) ...... --5. Religion ...... "6. Education ...... 7. Marital status (M/WjS) ...... 8. (a) Age at wedding (Age at first 9. If W IS, No. of years when marriage was wedding, if remarried) ...... broken by death or divorce ...... (b) Interval between wedding and the time she came to live with her husband ...... 10. Duration of total ,""ti,d He" [(4)-- L\ (e) Her age when she began to live (9)-8 (c)]. with her husband: [Total of (a) & (b)] ,

11. HUSBAND'S PARTICULARS; ICode (a) Nature of work ......

(b) Nature of Industry in which working ......

(c) Education ...... '12. (i) Births after Onam 1960 (a) Sex ...... (b) Type of birth ...... (L/SA/SB.) (ii) Did this birth occur before or after Ouall! 1961? (before/after) 13. All children born alive to this woman before Dnam 1960 ,

Present/age of still Age at death of those No. of years passed Total of (2) & (3) alive now dead since death (1) (2) (3) (4)

M F M F

1st • nd I

175 APPENDIX XLI--concld.

POST-CENSUS SURVEY-(concld.)

Present/age of still Age at death of those No. of years passed alive Total of (2) & (3) now dead since death \ (1) (2) (3) (4) , I - M F I M F I ---~ --- - ~-. -~

3rd I -~ ------~ --~ ------

4th I I, ------I I---~-- 5th I I I ------6th -- -.---~----

7th , - -_ ~ ~ I ------I - -- -- I , 8th I I ------I ------9th ------_----~

10th I I I ------, ! ------I M I No. of entries I Total children I I F

14. Total ~o. of children born alive including that given in Q. 12 but excluding still births

...... Male, ...... Female. Total ,____I

APPENDIX XLII

Sample letters addressed to the Superintendent of Census Operations by Enumerators (1) -Copy of letter dated 3rd August 1961 from Shri. T. Jayaram, B. A., L. T., Teacher. High School, Munnar, Devicolam Taluk.

Dear Sir, The honorarium I got (Rs. 35/-) for the Census work, Thank you very much for the kind appreciation of I have paid towalds The Flood Relief. the Census work done by me. Thanking you once again I am of the opinion that every citizen of India should give 10 days free service to the nation once in ten years and that too without accepting any remuneration or Yours sincerely. honorarium. (Sd) T. Jayaram

176 APPENDIX XLII-concld.

(2) Copy of letter dated 13th September 1961 from Shri M. Prabhakaran, Welfare Assistant (on leave), Assistant Labour Office, Munnar, P. O. Munnar, Kottayam District Dear Sir, In this connection, I beg to submit that I was thefirs.t enumerator, who completed the entire census enumeration I have yesterday received your very kind letter No. at the earliest in the mountain area of Munnar, and C3-153/61 dated 30th June 1961, extending your deep thereby I got oral admiration from the Charge Officer. gratitude to all census workers. While expressing my Devicolam. But due to that heavy work, I was later humble thanks for: the same, I wish to point out that this seriously laid up and is even now undergoing medical may be the first instance in the history of the Indian treatment on proceeding leave. I have already received Republic, that the head of a department expresses the ~onorarium by money order from the Charge Officer, his thanks in black and white to his subordinates for the Devlcolam. works done by them. On going through the same, I felt not only your noble kindness towards subordinates, but Concluding this, I may, as a representative of the also your masterly efficiency to lead a great and too much mass census workers; express our humble respect towards difficult task to the highest level of remarkable success. thee for your able leadership and valuable advices extend­ The prime factor for the great success of this Census in ed to us in the census works. Kerala, in my humble submission, was the blessed leader­ ship of thee, who captioned and steered the entire census works. The enthusiastic co-operation extended by the Yours most obediently people to the census officials was another notable factor for (Sd) M. PRABHAKARAN, the success. Our people showed a rousing national spirit to be enumerated as the members of the Great Indian Enumerator, Block No. 141. Republic. Devicolam Taluk in Kottayam District.

APPENDIX XLIII

OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, KERALA CIRCULAR LETTER No. XLVII Trivandrum dated 2-3-1961 Sir. Return of Census Records and Preparation of the Final Census Register (I) Instructions have already been issued to the in triplicate for the urban areas. Necessary number of Charge Officers that they should take charge of the Census registers for the purpose are being sent to them. The records from the Circle Supervisors after physical verifi­ register contains 24 columns. The entries in these columns cation on 6th March 1961. The next stage of operations have to be confined to the information extracted from the is the preparation of the final Census Register and the records received back from the enumerators most of which despatch of Census Records. have been given in Circle Summaries and~lock Abstracts. The particulars of unissued forms kept by the Charge A. Preparation of the Final Census Register Officer in reserve need not be included in these columns. They will be dealt with separately. The order to be main­ (2) The information for this register is to be extract­ tained in filling up the register is block by block as given ed from the census records received from the enumerators in the Block and Circle Register within each Kara/Muri/ other than the cards filled up for persons with technical Desom in the case of rural areas, wards in the case of Qualifications. The register has to be prepared in tripli­ urban areas and rangl;)s in the case of Forest Divisions as c'ate. Since the tabulation of the slips relating to rural given in the book of Code Numbers. In the case of and urban areas is proposed to be done in different tabula­ special areas only the order of Blocks need be followed. In tion offices, those Charge Officers dealing with either the case of blocks selected for post-enumeration check as rural or ur1i>an are::s exclu~ively will have to prepare only per the letter of the Superintendent of Census Operations one register in triplicate concerning their entire Charge C2-30/61 dated 21-2-1961 a note should be entered in and those Charge Officers dealing with both rural and column 5 of the register below the block number "Retained urban areas will have to prepare one set of registers in for P. E. C.... Special blocks should be entered after triplicate relating to the urban areas in their charge and entering the normal blocks in each Kara/Muri/Desom or another set of registers in triplicate for the rural areas in ward or range as the case may be. When ships and other their charge. Thus, the Commissioner of the Trivandrum vessels have been enumerated in ports each vessel has Corporation, Commissioners of all Municipalities, been treated as a block. In their case, instead of the block Divisional Forest Officers, Tahsildars who have no non­ number the name of the vessel may be entered in the municipal towns in their Taluks and Charge Officers of column allotted to the Block Number. They may be special meas have to prepare only one set of registers in entered after all the blocks in the Kara/MurijDesom or triplicate while Tahsildars who have non-municipal towns ward have been entered in the case of rural and urban within their jurisdiction have to prepare one set of charges and in the case of the port of Cochin and the registers in tripllcate for the rural areas and another set Cochin Naval Base after all the blocks in the charge have

177 APPENDIX XLIII-contd. been entered. In respect of blocks formed for the enu­ The special cards meant for persons with technical meration of houseless population in the district head­ qualifications both filled and blank should be taken out -quarters and Mattancherry they should be entered only from each block bundle. All the remaining contents of after all the blocks in the charge have been entered. The the block bundle including unused pads, instructions etc. preparation of the register should be completed, by the should be kept in the bundle intact. Each block bundle t:harge Officers and despatched before 12-3-1961. The should be properly packed separately preserving the 'Charge Officers should sign at the bottom of the last page original label intact and sealed. If the original label has of the register and initial at the bottom of all other pages. been spoiled a new label should be put. Such of the block The registers have to be sent as shown below:- bundles relating to blocks selected for post-enumeration check as per D. O. No. C2-30/61 dated 21-2-1961 of REGISTERS FOR URBAN AREAS the Superintendent of Census Operations will be retained by the Charge Officer. They wiII be sent to the tabulation 1 copy To the Superintendent of Census office to which other records have been sent as soon as Operations, Kerala, Trivan­ the post-enumeration check i~ over. But the special cards drum-4 of technically qualified (Jersons will be taken out from these bundles also. A list should be prepared in triplicate 1 copy To the Deputy Superintendent giving the total number of block bundles in the form of Census Operations (Tabula­ appended as Annexure B. This list should be prepared tion), Sthanu Vilas, Trivand­ separately for urban areas and rural areas. All the Block rum-l Abstracts and Circle Summaries relating to the block bundles meant for one tabulation office should be put in (One copy should be retained with the Charge Officer) one packet, addressed to the concerned Deputy Superint­ REGISTER FOR RURAL AREAS endent of Census Operations (Tabulation) and sealed. A list of such Block Abstracts and Circle Summaries enclos­ t copy To the Superintendent of Census ed in each packet should be prepared in triplicate. Operations, Kerala, Trivan­ drum-4 All other Census Records which remain with the Charge Officer including unissued forms, unused houselist 1 copy To the Deputy Superintendent forms and both used and unused Training Sample Census of Census Operations (Tabula­ forms except cards for technically qualified persons, Block tion) of Trivandrum, Kozhikode and Circle Register and houselist should be entered in or Ernakulam as the case may another list showing the number under each item. This be as shown in Annexure A list also should be prepared in triplicate. All such records covered by the list should be packed in one '(One copy should be retained with the Charge Officer) bundle and labelled as "Miscellaneous Census Records with the Charge Officer" giving also the name and The following special areas will be considered to be Code Number of the Charge. The above lists should urban for the above purpose:- be prepared in triplicate. The records bundled as above should be handed over to the clerk in charge of the lorry Military Lines, Trivandrum as shown below :- L. S. S. Camp, Thirumala 505 Coast Battery Records Officer to whom to be sent Cannanore Cantonment Military The block bundles relat­ Deputy Superintendent of do. Civil ing to urban areas Census Operations, Tabulat­ ion, Sthanu Vilas, Trivan­ B. Despatch of Census Records other than the Special drum Cards of Technically Qualified Persons The Block Abstracts do. do. (3) Arrangements will be made by the Superinten­ and Circle Summaries re­ -dent of Census Operations to send lorries to the Charge lating to urban areas ,Officers for taking delivery of the records from the Charge packed in one bundle -Officers. One lorry will take the forms relating to urban The block bundles re­ Deputy Superintendent of .areas and another lorry to rural areas as the records lating to rural areas Census Operations (Tabulat­ relating to urban and rural areas have to be sent to ion), Trivandrum, Kozhikode different tabulation offices. Charge Officers having both or Ernakulam as the case rural and urban areas in their charges should take special may be as mentioned in -care to see that the records relating to urban areas are Annexure A loaded only in the lorry carrying urban records and those relating to rural areas are loaded only in the lorry carrying The bundles of Miscel­ The bundles of all charges rural records. When the lorry is brought to the Charge laneous census records of Trivandrum district to the -Officer the Charge Officer should arrange to get the with the Charge Officer Deputy Superintendent of records loaded in it properly. The cost of loading will be Census Operations. (Tabulat­ met by the Superintendent of Census Operations on ion), Stbanu Vilas, Trivan­ -receipt of vouchers from the Charge Officers. drum and the bundles of all other Charges to the Deputy (4) Before loading the records in the lorries the Superintendent of Census following steps should be taken :- Operations (Tabulation) of

178 APPENDIX XLIn-contd.

Kozhikode or Ernakulam as Vilas, Trivandrum in the case of all Municipal towns and the case may be as shown in all other charges in Trivandrum district and in the case Annexure A. These bundles of all other charges to the Deputy Superintendents (Tabu­ should not be sent in the Jorry lation) of Kozhikode or Emakulam as the case may be as which comes to take urban­ mentioned in the Annexure A. These bundles may be forms sent in the lorries which take the other census records to The lists of block bundles, block abstracts and Circle the respective tabulation offices. A list showing the total Summaries and Miscellaneous records with the Charge number of unused cards should be prepared in three Officer prepared as mentioned above should be sent as copies of which one copy should be sent to the Superint­ endent of Census Operations, Trivandrum. one copy to the shown below :- Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations (Tabulation) 1 copy of the list of To the Deputy Superintend­ to whom the unused cards have been sent and one copy block bundles relating ent of Census Operations kept with the Charge Officer. A list of bundles handed to urban areas (Tabulation) Sthanu Vilas, over to each tabulation office should be prepared for this Trivandrum item in dUplicate, one copy got signed by the clerk receiving the bundles and kept by the Charge Officer and the other 1 copy of the list of do. copy should be handed over to the clerk. Block Abstracts and Circle Summaries re­ (6) The attention of Charge Officers is drawn to the lating to the block instructions already given that at the top of the card the bundles of urban areas code number of the State should be written as VI and the location code should also be filled up. To verify whether 1 copy of the list of To the Deputy Superint­ these code numbers have been entered, the Charge Officers block bundles relating endent of Census Operations should examine the cards as and when they are taken out to rural areas (Tabulation) of Trivandrum, from each block bundle. If there is allY omission in Kozhikode or Ernakulam as filling up the above two codes, the Charge Officers should the case may be as mentioned enter VI at the top of the card and the location code taken in the Annexure A from the block label in the column below it before send­ 1 copy of the list of do. ing up the cards to the District Census Officer_ This Block Abstracts and should be done as and when the cards are taken out from Circle Summaries of each block bundle as otherwise the location code cannot the block bundles re- be traced out. lating to rural areas (7) The District Census Officers are requested to 1 copy of the list of do. acknowledge receipt of the filled up cards of the technical Miscellaneous Census personnel received by them from the charges in their Records with the districts and send them to the Registrar General, Ministry Charge Officer of Home Affairs, Kotah House Annexe, 2/A, Mansingb Road, New Delhi, by insured railway parcel and a cover­ 1 copy each of all the To the Superintendent of ing letter and one copy of the pro forma received lists Census Operations, Trivan­ from the Charge Officers after stitching together drum aU the sheets of the pro forma in a book form before 20-3-1961 in a separate cover to the Registrar A list gi~ing the total number of bundles given for General. A copy of the letter to the Registrar General each Tabulation Office should be prepared in duplicate. forwarding the pro forma should be sent to the Superint­ One copy should be got signed by the clerk taking charge endent of Census Operations, Trivandrum. Your forward­ of the bundles and the other copy should be handed over ing letter to the Registrar General should give the total to that clerk. number of the cards forwarded to him. C. Special Cards of Technically Qualified Persons D. Unused Census Records with the District CelllU!; (5) The special cards of technically qualified persons Officers have to be taken out from each block bundle along with (8) All the unused census records with the District the abstract relating 10 such cards. All the filled up cards Census Officers except the Block and Circle Register and should be packed in one bundle and sent to the concerned maps should be paFked in one bundle, listed and sent in District Cen~us O~cer before 12-3-1961 through a special accordance with the instructions given in para 4 above messenger along WIth a pro forma in duplicate in the form relating to census records other than block bundles. appended as Annexure C. The pro forma has to be pre­ pared in I four copies. One copy should be sent to the (9) The lorries for taking the records are proposed Superintendent of Ceosus Operations, Trivandrum, the to be sent from 12-3-1961 onwards. The District CensuE other retained with the Charge Offi~r. The columns in Offi.eers and C~arge Officers are requested to prepare the the pro forma have to be filled up for each town/village/ regIsters and lIsts and get ready the bundles sufficiently forest division/special area. The villages should be enter­ early so that the lorries are not detained when they come ed in the same order given in the code number for the for loading the records. This circular should be treated charge. The charges also have to be taken in the order as most emergent. given in the Code Number book. The unused cards in­ cluding those unused ones kept by the Charge Officer Yours faithfully, should be bundled separate1y and sent to the Deputy (M. K. DEVASSy) Superintendent of Census Operations (Tabulation), Sthanu Superintendent of Census Operations.

179 APPENDIX XLIII-contd.

ANNEXURE A

LIST OF DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENTS OF _CENSUS OPERATIONS (TABULATION) TO WHOM REGISTERS AND CENSUS RECORDS (OTHER THAN BLOCK BUNDLES AND THE REGISTERS AND LISTS RELATING TO MUNICIPAL, };ON· MUNICIPAL TOWNS AND SPECIAL AREAS SITUATED IN MUNICIPAL TOWNS) HAVE TO BE SENT

I. FINAL CENSUS REGISTERS FOR RURAL AREAS (SEE PARA 2 PAGE 3)

Name of the Charge or Area Name of the Officer to wbom to be sent

All taluk charges in the Trivandrum District (excluding Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations (Tabulat­ non-municipal towns) and Forest Divisions. ion) 'Sthanu Vilas', Trivandrum-l. All taluk charges (excluding non-municipal towns), Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations', (Tabulat­ Forest Divisions and special areas (excluding 505 Coast ion) Collectorate, Ernakulam. Battery) of Quilon, Kottayam, Alleppey and ErnakuJam Districts. (In the case of Chalakudy Forest Division a separate register should be prepared for Kalady (F. I. T.) Range and sent to the Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations (Tabulation), Collectorate, Ernakulam.)

All taluk charges (excluding non-municipal towns). and Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, (Tabulat­ Forest Divisions in the Districts of Cannanore, Kozhi­ ion,) Kozhikode. kode, Pal ghat and Trichur. (In the case of ChaJakudy Forest Division a register for Vazhachal and Pariyaram ranges falling in the Trichur District should be prepared and sent to Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations (Ta bulation) Kozhikode.

II. BLOCK BUNDLES OF RURAL AREAS AND THE LISTS RELATING TO THEM (SEE PARA 4 PAGE 5) All taluk charges in the Trivandrum District (excluding Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, (Tabula­ Don-municipal towns) and Forest Divisions. tion,) Sthanu Vilas, Trivandrum-l. All taluk charges (excluding non-municipal towns), Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations (Tabula­ Fore'!t Divisions and special areas (excluding 505 Coast tion), Collectorate, Ernakulam. Battery) of QuiJon, Kottayam, Alleppey and Ernakulam Districts. (Block bundles of blocks 14 to 21 of Chalakudy Forest Division should be sent to Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, (Tabulation) Collectorate, Erna- kulam.) AU taluk charges excluding non-municipal towns and Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations (Tabula­ Forest Divisions in the Districts of Cannanore, Kozhi­ tion) Kozhikode. kade, Palghat and Trichur. (Block bundles of blocks 1 to 1J and 22 to 24 of Chalakudy Forest Division should be sent to Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations (Tabulation), Kozhikode.)

III. BUNDLES OF MISCELLANEOU~ RECORDS OF BOTH RURAL AND URBAN AREAS AND THE LlSTS RELATING TO THEM (SEE PARA 4 PAGE 5) 1. All charges including urban and special areas in the Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, Tabul­ Trivandrum District. ation, 'Sthanu Vilas', Trivandrum-l. 2. All charges including urban and special areas of Deputy Superintp,ndent of Census Operations, Tabula­ QUilon, Kotta~am, Alleppey and Emakulam Districts. tion, Ernakulam. 3. All charges including urban and special areas in Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, Tabula­ the Districts of Cannanore, Kozhikode, Palghat and tion, Kozhikode. Trichur. IV. UNUSED CARDS FOR TECHNICALLY QUALIFIED PERSONS FOR BOTH RURAL AND URBAN AREAS AND THE LISTS RELATING TO THEM (SEE PARA 5 PAGE 6) All Municipal towns of the State. and all other cbarges Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, Tabula­ in the Trivandrum District. tion, 'Sthanu Vilas', Trivandrum-l. All charges other than Municipal tovms in the Districts Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, Tabula­ of Quilon, Kottayam, Alleppey and Ernakulam Di~tricts. tion (Collectorate), Ernakulam. All charges other than Municipal towns in the Districts Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, Tabula­ of Cannan ore, Kozhikode, Palghat and T~ichur. tion, Kozhikode.

180 APPENDIX XLm-contd. ANNEXURE B

LIST OF BLOCK BUNDLES

I No. of house- I No. ofhouse- No. of No. of indi- No. 0 f IN• 0.0f'd' In ,1- INo,ofunused Total hold sched- No. of un- Ihold schedule unused vidual slip unused vJdual slIp indid No. of ule pads of used house- pads of 25 house- pads oflOO individ- pads of 25 ual- Name Name :ijlock SO fully used hold sched- i fully used hold sche- fully used ual slip fully used slip of of bund- and ule pads of I and partly dulepads and pads of and partly pads District Charge les partly used 50 used of 25 partly used 100 used of 25 I I

I

I - j

ANNEXURE C

CHARGE OFFICER'S RETURN OF THE CARDS FOR THE ENUMERATION OF TECHNICALLY QUALIFIED PERSONS

Name of the District ...... ,., .. ', .. , ...... Code No......

No. of cards re­ ceived for the enumeration of Total No. of . 0 persons with No. of cards cards returned o Z Name of Towo! Z technical quali­ left with house- 8 to the District Z fications (Total No,of cards Name Name Village/Forest tl) holds with in- I ~ Census Officer of the ~ of the of Columns 8, received structionsl to fill ... (Total of Col- Charge 8 Taluk Di~~~\O~e- 8 9, and 10) filled up up and post ~ umns 8 & 10)

5 7 8 9 11 I

I

I I I 181 APPENDIX XLIU-concld. CENSUS OF INDIA 1961

FINAL CENSUS REGISTER

Name of District...... Code No...... Name of Cbarge ...... Code No......

Population of Literates of I the Block the Block ci Name of I ci ~ ~ ~ Z II) Name of Kara/Muri! II) .lo4 Name of ~ Name of "" '" Village/Town! -8 "0 g ~ S~per- '"II) ;; ..... 0 Desom/Ward/ IEnumera- ] '" Forest Division U Forest Range 8 &:i tor u visor ~ ! ~ I ~ ~ ~ l E-t 7 8 1 3 -I 4 I 5 I 6 I 9 1 10 /11 112 I 13 I 14 I I I I

No. of pads No. of unused slips Iof individ- No. of un- in pads of indivi- ual slips used pads dual slips used

No. of No. of OCCUpied No. of house- cancelled No. of house- I '"I '" houses in the holds in the '" '"I I I individual hold schedules 8 on 8 on'" 8 on'" block block ... M .... N ... N slips filled up I - -- 15 16 I 17 I 18! 19 I 20 I 21 22 23 24

,

I

Place...... · .. •·•··· .. · ...... · ... ·•· .. · ......

Date...... Signature of Charge Officer 182 APPENDIX XLIV

CJRCULAkS AND FORMS PRINTED FOR ENUMERATION PERIOD

No. of No. of Units of impre- Date of copies Size and weight paper used Description of circular or form ssions printing printed of paper used r---J....--., Remarks Rms. Shts. 234 5 6 7 8 'Circular letter No. I 2-12-59 300 F'cap Supplied by the State {JovernDlent -Circular letter No. IV 26-12-59 300 Double Royal white printing 46 Lbs. 235 Circular Jetter No. IX Malayalam 1 8- 3-60 S,OOO do. 3 79 -Circular letter No. IX Kannada 1 300 do. 76 As the Kannada forms where got printed by the District Census Officer, Canna­ nore the date of printing is not available Circular letter No. XVII 1 23- 7-60 SOO do. 210 -Circular letter No. XX 1 20· 9-60 5,000 do. 13 233 House numbering Instructions-Malaya­ 1 J 1- 2-60 7,SOO do. 10 208 lam do. cover 1 11- 2-60 7,SOO Double crown 40 Lbs. 3 394 House numbering Instructions-Tamil 1 5- 2-60 150 Double Royal white 114 printing 46 Lbs. do. cover 1 s- 2-60 ISO Double crown 40 Lbs. • 39 House numbering Instructions-Kannada 1 350 Double Royal white 310 do. printing 46 Lbs. do. cover 1 350 Double crown 40 Lbs. 84 do. Progress report of Enumeration-English 1 7- 1.60 1,83,000 Double Royal white 23 52 printing 46 Lbs. Progress report of Training (English) 1 8- 7-60 4,000 do. 252 Abbreviations printed on pulp b()ard­ 1 9- 7-60 43,900 White boards 20" x 11 42 Malayalam 26" do. Tamil 1 1- 8-60 400 do. 51 do. Kannada 1 25- 1-61 450 White boards of size 57 22" x 28" Explanation of abbreviations-Tamil­ 1 27- 6-60 1,650 Double Royal white 42 Black ink printing 46 Lbs. Explanation of abbreviations-Tamil- 27- 6-60 220 do. 6 Red ink do. English-Black ink 1 23· 6-60 800 do. 20 do. do. Red ink 1 23- 6-60 3,800 do. 96 do. Malayalam-Black ink 1 4· 7·60 1,24,000 do. 6 131 do. do. Red ink 1 4- 7-60 29,000 do. 1 232 do. Kannada-Black ink 1 1,300 do. 33 do. do. I do. Red ink 1 220 do. 6 do. Abstract of household ~chedules-En- 1 23- 6-60 800 do. 20 glish-Black ink do. English-Red ink 1 23- 6-60 3,800 do. 96 do. Malayalam-Black ink 1 28· 7-60 1,24,000 do. 6 131 do. do. Red ink 1 28- 7-60 29,000 do. 1 232 do. Tamil-Black ink 1 28- 7-60 1,650 do. 41 do. do. Ridink 1 28- 7-60 220 do. 6 do. Kannada-Black ink 1 1,300 do. 33 do. <10. do. Red ink 1 220 do. 6 do. Block and Circle register cover sheet 1 25- 5-60 400 do. } 10 50 do. inner sheet 1 2S- S-60 19,200 do.

183 APPENDIX XLIV-·contd.

CIRCULARS AND FORMS PRINTED FOR ENUMERATION PERIOD-(contd.)

Units of No. of No. of paper used impre- Date of copies Size and weight ,..---"---, Description of circular or form ssions printing printed of paper used Rms. Shts. Remarks- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Receipt forms for census forms-English 13- 6-60 31,000 Double Royal white 6 131 printing 46 Lbs. Houselist extracts-Malayalam 1 8- 8-60 1,25,000 do. 28 28 do. Tamil 1 14- 7-60 1,000 do. 112 do. Kannada 1 15- 2-61 1,000 do. 113 Circle Summary-English-Black ink 1 26- 7-60 6,300 do. 397! do. do. Red ink 1 26- 7-60 6,300 do. 397l Block Abstract-Malayalam-Black ink 1 10- 8-60 38,790 do. 4 448 do. do. Red ink 1 10- 8·60 29,210 do. 3 344 Block Abstract-Tamil-Black ink 1 12- 8-60 500 do. 32 do. do. Red ink 1 12- 8-60 500 do. 32 do. Kannada-Black ink 1 500 do. 32 As the Kannada forms were got printed by the District Census Officer, Cannan- ore, the date of printing is not available. do. do. Red ink 1 500 do. 32 do. Charge summary-English-Black ink 1 12- 8-60 300 do. 30 do. do. Red ink 1 12- 8-60 150 do. 15 Instructions to enumerators-Malaya- 1 12- 8-60 38,000 do. 124 368 lam Volume I do. cover 1 12- 8-60 38,000 Double crown 40 Lbs. 19 95 Instructions to enumerators-Malaya- 1 23-11-60 38,000 Double Royal white 95 475 lam Volume II printing 46 Lbs. do. cover 1 23-11-60 38,000 Double crown 40 Lbs. 19 95 Instructions to enumerators-Malaya- 1 7- 2-61 38,000 Double Royal white 9 262 lam Volume III printing 46 Lbs. Instructions to enumerators-Kannada 1 1,050 do. 3 223 do. Volume I do. do. Volume II 1 1,050 do. 1 428 do. do. do. cover for Volumes 2,100 Double crown 40 Lbs. 1 30 do. 1& II Instructions to enumerators-Kannada 1 1,050 Double Royal white 200 do. Volume III printing 46 Lbs. Instructions to enumerators-Tamil 1 3-11-60 1,250 do. 4 289 Volume I do. do. Volume II 1 7-12-60 1,250 do. 2 114 do. Cover for Volumes I and II 2,500 Double crown 40 Lbs 1 32 Instructions to enumerators-Tamil 8- 2-61 1,250 Double Royal white 157 Volume III printing 46 Lbs. Appointment foims l' ~y.p~fsors :. 1 13- 8-60 8,000 do. ArJPointmcnt fo1Fil-~..ltii . erators, 1 13- 8-60 40,000 1 10 386 do. J QU':-liII I1S III b~ .~".;:d by en~erai.o~s~· 1 4-12-60 38,000 do. 19 95 Malayafam ': . do. . dor ·>-:tap:til ... 1 13· 1-61 1,250 do. 315 do. do. Kailliadti; 1 1,050 do. 265 do. Block label 1 31-12-60 34,000 Red colour paper 20n 4 131 x 30" 22 Lbs.

184 APPENDIX XLIV-concld.

CIRCULARS AND FORMS PRINTED FOR ENUMERATION PERIOD to Units of No. of No. of paper used impre- Date of copies Size and weight ,,-----"---.., Description of circular or form ssions printing printed of paper used Rms. Shts. Re,--.,:dl.s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B Return of cards for the enumeration of 20- 1-61 39,100 Double Royal white 4 451 technically qualified persons printing 46 Lbs. Circle Label 10- 1-61 12,500 Blue colour paper 20" 284 x 30" 28 Lbs. J nstructions to supervisors 10-12-60 5,550 Double Royal white 2 405 printing 46 Lbs. Code number for Cannanore District I 17- 3-60 1,050 do. 3 355! do. cover 1 17- 3-60 1,050 Double crown 40 Lbs. 265! Code number for Kozhikode District I 17- 3-60 1,400 Double Royal white 5 62! printing 46 Lbs. do. cover 1 17- 3-60 1,400 Double crown 40 Lbs. 354 Code number for Pal ghat District 1 12- 3-60 1,175 Double Royal white 3 132 printing 46 Lbs. do. cover 12- 3-60 1,175 Double crown 40 Lbs. 297 Code number for Trichur District 12- 3-60 1,000 Double Royal white 3 78i printing 46 Lbs. do. cover 12- 3-60 1,000 Double crown 40 Lbs. 253 Code number for Ernakulam District 17- 3-60 1,000 Double Royal white 3 15 printing 46 Lbs. do. cover 1 17- 3-60 1,000 Double crown 40 Lbs. 253 Code number for Kottayam District 1 17-3-60 1,000 Double Royal white 2 263 printing 46 Lbs. do. cover 17-3-60 1,000 Double crown 40 Lbs. 253 Code number for Alleppey Dhtrict 17-3-60 1,000 Double Royal white 2 389 printing 46 Lbs. do. cover 17-3-60 1,000 Double crown 40 Lbs. 253 Code number for Quilon District, 17-3-60 1,000 Double Royal white 2 325! printing 46 Lbs. do. cover 17-3-60 1,000 Double crown 40 Lbs. 253 Code number for Trivandrul11 District 17-3-60 1,000 Double Royal white 2 73~ printing 46 Lbs. do. coyer 17-3-6') 1,000 Double crown 40 Lbs. 253 Corrigendum for Code numbers 9 9-1-61 9,300 Double Royal white 85 printing 46 Lbs. \Veekly Progress report on hous3 numbering 2-2-60 55,300 do. 3 231 Houselist abstract 2 15-2-60 & 16,700 do. 2 42 12-6-60 Houselist form (Malaya lam) 2 20-1-60 & 12,500 do. 5 635 2-2-60 Houselist form (Tamil) 30-}-6O ] 50 do. 38

185