Yi Sun-Shin and the Miraculous Victory on the Sea Breaking Barriers of the Imjin War

[Annotated Bibliography]

Sally Kim, Jasmine Kwon, Chaerin Park Senior Division Group Website Student Composed Words: 1197 Process Paper Words: 498 Media: 3 min 46 sec

1

Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Admiral Yi Sun-Sin: a Brief Overview of His Life and Achievements. Diamond Sutra Recitation ​ Group, 2005.

This book provides an overview of the life of Yi Sun-Shin and his amazing war spirit

along with the tactics that led to his victories. This book gives a lot of information about

Yi Sun-Shin’s life itself without focusing too much on the wars so it helped us to

organize our website and conduct research on Yi Sun-Shin in general.

Deal, W.E. Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan. (Oxford University Press,

2007) Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan spans the beginning of the

Kamakura period in 1185 through the end of the Edo (Tokugawa) period in 1868, and

introduces the reader to the significant people and events-cultural, social, political, and

historical-and the everyday experiences and elements of material culture during this time.

This is one of the sources where the event of the Imjin War and Yi Sun-Shin are viewed

from the Japanese perspective, which provided us with information in different context

from that of the other Korean sources or modern day accounts.

Gilbert, Marc Jason. “Admiral Yi Sun-Shin, Turtle Ships, and Modern Asian History.”

Education about Asia, vol. 12, Association for Asian Studies., 2007, pp. 29–35. ​

The book Education about Asia is created and published by the Association for Asian ​ ​ Studies. The book includes a variety of information and sources, such as the articles on

all areas of Asia, essays describing classroom-tested educational programs and strategies, 2

a comprehensive guide to Asia-related print and digital resources, including movies,

documentaries, books, curriculum guides, and web resources, and thematic issues on

topics of particular interest and a special series on Asia in world history. From this book,

we have used the chapter that discusses Yi Sun-Shin, which provided us with useful

information about the impacts of his achievements and legacy in modern Asian History.

Hawley, Samuel Jay, 1960-. The Imjin War : Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of and

Attempt to Conquer China. : Berkeley :Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch ;

Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 2005.

This is a book explaining the different events that happened during the Imjin War. This

book is very useful in a way that it shows the different situations in three different

countries: Korea, China and Japan. We used this book to find background information

about the Imjin War and the major events that happened in Korea, Japan and China.

Hitoshi, Nakano. “Concerning ’s Signed Letter Dated June 3 rd, 1593,”

Interaction and Transformations 1, 2003.

This book contains a number of cases in history where interactions between different

historical figures or groups have led to transformations in events that happened

throughout history. From this book, we have used the author Hitoshi Nakano’s analysis

of Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s letter to King Sonjo of the Chosun Dynasty, which demanded

the Chosun government to support Japan’s ambition of conquering China by opening the

path for the Japanese force. In viewing the Imjin War from different perspectives, this

source allowed us to have a better understanding of the invasion during the Imjin year in

the Japanese context and set a connection to that of the Korean context. 3

Hur, Nam-lin. Pacific Affairs, vol. 79, no. 4, 2006, pp. 695–697. JSTOR,

www.jstor.org/stable/40023802. Accessed 25 Jan. 2020.

This book, written by Nam-lin Hur, explains the Imjin War in detail. This book begins by

explaining the political and cultural background of Korea, Japan, and China. Then it

discusses the diplomatic breakdown that led to the war by describing major incidents and

battles from 1592 to 1598. Thus, by using this information from this book, we have

understood the background history of the Imjin War.

Jeon, Byeongho. Ah! The Battle of Myeongnyang: Admiral Yi's Miraculous Victory. Edited by JP ​ ​ Lee. Translated by Seojun Lee, Seojun Lee, 2016.

This book portrays the Battle of Myeong-ryang with 36 original poems from the Imjin

War with specialized illustrations. Taken from the original book, the poems in this book

are translated into English for foreign readers to easily understand. While there wasn’t

much contextual information provided from this book, this book was an interesting

source as it has taken the original tones of the quotes said by each individual during the

war, Yi Sun-Shin and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, for instance, and aligned them in a sequence

that well demonstrated the overall flow of the war. Moreover, we have also used the

illustrations from this book for our website.

Jho, Sung-do. Yi Sun-Shin: a National Hero of Korea. Choongmoo-Kong Society, 1984.

This is a book that discusses Yi Sun-Shin’s achievements and why he remains as the

greatest hero of Korea for hundreds of years. Since our topic is mainly about how Yi

Sun-Shin overcame various obstacles to win in all of his wars, this book was very useful 4

to find information about how Yi Sun-Shin was able to overcome his adversities.

Jo, Seong-do, et al. Admiral Yi Sun-Sin: a National Hero of Korea. Sinseowon, 2005. ​ ​

In this book, the author provides a general overview of the life of Yi Sun-Shin and the

story behind the rise of Yi Sun-Shin as the greatest war hero in Korea’s history. During

our research, we found this book helpful in learning the general big picture of Yi

Sun-Shin’s life. Moreover, we also gained information about the various challenges and

obstacles that Admiral Yi faced throughout his life, not only during the combats but also

in his earlier life as an Admiral, which involved other political conflicts with the Chosun

government.

Kim, Jong-Dae. Admiral Yi Sun-Shin of Korea. Translated by Rhyu K Philip, 2018. ​ ​

This book is a biography of Admiral Yi Sun-Shin and includes an in-depth study on his

leadership quality. Especially, the author of this book takes high regard for the Battle of

Myeong-ryang, and the significance of the strategies used during the battle in relation to

other naval battles in history. From this book, we have gathered important information

about the three major battles depicted on our website, the Hansando, Myeong-ryang, and

Noryang battles, which helped us organize and analyze the major content for those three

battles. Moreover, the author’s thorough interpretation of each battle was useful in

coming up with our own analyses of the battles.

Kim, Kichung. “Resistance, Abduction, and Survival: The Documentary Literature of the Imjin

War (1592-98),” Korean Culture, 1999. 5

This documentary portrays the outcomes of the Imjin War, more specifically the effects

of the Japanese invasions in Korea from the year 1592 to 1598. Unlike some of the

sources having more focus on the triumphant moments of the war, this documentary puts

more emphasis on the tragic moments, the casualties, sacrifices, and resistance met by the

victims of the war. While our project tends to focus more on the actual ‘breaking barriers’

moments of the war, this source was one example where we gathered a lot of information

about the brutal sides of the war to bring about the glorious victories depicted in the final

moments of the battles, which were what made those victories possible.

Kim, Tae-Chun. “Yi Sun-sin’s Fame in Japan, Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities”, 47

June. 1978.

This journal is one of the rare sources, by this, we mean among the available sources, that

depict the Imjin War and Yi Sun-Shin in Japan’s perspective. Since we haven’t got much

chance to take Japan’s points of view during our early research, this journal gave us

valuable information that helped us better understand the Imjin War in a more broad

context. Moreover, when reading this journal, it was quite surprising to know how Yi

Sun-Shin is widely regarded in Japan and its history, even more than how he is depicted

in Korea, and how he has been regarded as one of the influential historical figures in

Japan.

Kyung Moon Hwang. A . (Palgrave MacMillan, 2010). ​ ​ This book is an account of concise, lively history of Korea, which explores the richness

of Korean civilization from the ancient era through to the jarring transformation that

resulted in two distinctive trajectories through the modern world. This new edition of a 6

successful text brings it up-to-date with the latest scholarship and developments in

Korea's history. This book helped us gain a better contextual understanding of the period

before and after the mid-Chosun Dynasty when the Imjin War took place.

Lee, Ki-Baik. A New History of Korea. (Harvard University Asia Center, 1984). ​ ​ Translated twice into Japanese and currently being translated into Chinese as well,

Ki-baik Lee’s work presents a new periodization of his country’s history, based on a

fresh analysis of the changing composition of the leadership elite. The book is

noteworthy, too, for its full and integrated discussion of major currents in Korea’s

cultural history. The translation, three years in preparation, has been done by specialists

in the field. For our project, this book was used as an additional study of the periods of

the mid-Chosun Dynasty to learn more about the changes in the courses of historical

trends and actions in Korea caused by the Imjin War.

Lee, Min-Woong, Naval history of Imjinwar, 2004 ​ ​ This book is written by the author Lee Min-Woong, who tells a detailed story of Yi

Sun-Shin’s naval battles during the Imjin War. From relatively minor battles not widely

known by people to those major battles, the Hansando, Myeongryang, and Noryang

battles, the author provides a thorough analysis of Yi Sun-Shin’s techniques and war

tactics. From his analyses, we were able to gather a lot of useful information about the

uniqueness and significance of those tactics and gain insight about the innovative nature

of Yi Sun-Shin’s naval battles.

Lee, Peter H. “The ‘Imjin Nok’, or the ‘Record of the Black Dragon Year’: An Introduction.” 7

Korean Studies, vol. 14, 1990, pp. 50–83. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23717863.

Written by Peter H.Lee, this book discusses the Imjin nok, which is the first tale inspired

by the Japanese invasions of Korea between 1592 and 1598. The author concentrates on

four versions of the tale, examining their differences in content, structure, and style. For

our project, our group used the information from the book to explain the three major

battles in the Imjin War.

Park, Eugene Y. “Military Examinations in Late Chosŏn: Elite Substratification and Non-Elite

Accommodation.” Korean Studies, vol. 25, no. 1, 2001, pp. 1–50. JSTOR, ​ ​ ​ ​ www.jstor.org/stable/23719470. ​ This book was written by Eugene Y. Park and it provides a general overview of late

Choson. Through reading this book, the team was able to learn about the elite sub

stratification process. Though this book was not directly related to our topic, it helped the

team to build background knowledge of the society during the late Choson.

Pak Yun-hŭi, and Sun Shin. Yi. Admiral Yi Sun Shin and His Turtleboat Armada. Hanjin Publ.

Co., 1978.

This book provides a lot of information about the achievements of admiral Yi Sun Shin

as well as his famous boat called Turtleboat. We used this book to collect more

information about Yi Sun Shin’s war techniques and tactics that led to the victory of

Korea in the war against Japan. This book also helped us to get a lot of background

information about the situations of Korea during the Imjin War. 8

Park, Yune-hee. Admiral Yi Sun-Shin and His Turtleboat Armada: a Comprehensive Account of ​ the Resistance of Korea to the 16th Century Japanese Invasion. Hanjin, 1978. ​

This book provides detailed accounts of the creation of the Turtle Ships and its

significance in turning the tides of the combats for the Korean navy during the Imjin War.

Throughout the chapters, the author goes over in detail of Admiral Yi’s initiatives behind

creating the ships, the methods used to create ships, the challenges faced during the

process, testing of the ships, and the actual usage of ships during the battles. While the

significance of the Turtle Ships is commonly associated with the Imjin War, the author

takes a step further in analyzing the true technical and symbolic roles the Turtle Ships

played, as well as the insight into the brilliance of Admiral Yi as the leader and war

strategist.

Russel, Jesse. Cohn, Ronald. Battle of Hansan Island. Book On-Demand, 2012. ​ ​ This book provides detailed information about the Battle of Hansan Island. Our website

has a specific category that discusses the Battle of Hansan Island so we used this book to

learn about what happened during the war and Yi Sun-Shin’s achievements.

Seth, M.J. A History of Korea. (Rocwman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010). ​ ​ In this comprehensive yet compact book, Michael J. Seth surveys Korean history from

Neolithic times to the present. He explores the origins and development of Korean ​ society, politics, and its cultural heritage from their inception to the two Korean states of

today. Telling the remarkable story of the origins and evolution of a society that

borrowed and adopted from abroad, Seth describes how various tribal peoples in the 9

peninsula came together to form one of the world's most distinctive communities. From

this book, we learned more about the general political, social, economic, and cultural

backgrounds of the periods before, during, and after the Imjin War.

Shaw, Jeffrey M. IMJIN WAR 1592-1598: the Japanese Invasion of Korea. Helion & Co LTD,

2020.

This book is about what happened during the Imjin War and the overall between Korea

and Japan. We used this book to research the Imjin War and find background information

about the wars that Yi Sun-Shin participated in. This book helped us to learn about what

happened between Japan and Korea.

Swope, Kenneth M. A Dragons Head and a Serpents Tail: Ming China and the First Great East

Asian War, 1592 1598. University of Oklahoma Press, 2016.

This book was one of the main primary sources we used during our research. In this

book, the author Kenneth M. Swope pays special attention to battles, movement, war

strategy and tactics, weaponry, technology, and even different points of view. The author

not merely informs history but does a great work of storytelling. Swope provides

different perspectives of the Imjin War including the Koreans, Chinese, and Japanese.

Swope, Kenneth M. “PERSPECTIVES ON THE IMJIN WAR.” The Journal of Korean Studies,

vol. 12, no. 1, 2007, pp. 154–161. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41490237. Accessed 25

Jan. 2020.

This book was written by Kenneth M. Swope and it provides a general overview of the

Imjin war, as well as the detailed contents of the major events, contributors, and

aftermath of the war. In each chapter, the author categorizes the information in a way that 10

highlights the differences among the nations, groups, and people involved in the war.

And by using that information, our group organized the categories of information and

further elaborated on the evidence to support the ideas depicted in ‘Breaking Barriers’

sections.

Underwood, Horace Horton. Korean Boats and Ships. Yonsei University Press, 1979.

This book is written by Horace Horton Underwood, an authority on the Korean marine,

and is published in the year 1979. This rare book deals with Korean traditional ships and

boats, and it records in detail such things as conventional types of ships, structures,

shipmates, seas, and rituals, and customs related to ships. As part of them, the book

includes several chapters about the Korean battleships during the period before, during,

and after the Imjin War, which includes ‘Geobukseon (Turtle Ship)’ as well as

‘Panokseon’. From this book, we have gathered useful information about the Turtle

Ships, about the unique and brilliant nature of their designs and ship-fighting tactics that

Yi Sun-Shin came up with, which, the author emphasizes, was a key to a victory in Yi

Sun-Shin’s battles.

Woodford, John. “Imjin War Diaries are Memorial of Invasions for Koreans,” The University

Record (University of Michigan), February 22, 1999.

This source is a secondary interpretation of the events that happened during the Imjin

War, from the year 1592 to 1598, based on the first-hand written records from the war by

Yi Sun-Shin. The author of this source provides a thorough analysis and interpretation of

Yi Sun-Shin’s war diaries, the ‘Nanjun Ilgi (난중일기)’, analyzing the significance of the

courses of actions taken by Yi Sun-Shin and the relationships between one event to 11

another in leading and changing the tides and the overall outcomes of the war. In his

analysis, the author also puts heavy emphasis on the importance of the first-hand records

from the historical events, as it allows future generations to get more accurate and vivid

information and evidence of the events. Accordingly, in our project as well, we have

incorporated various first-hand and secondary interpretations of the Imjin War and Yi

Sun-Shin.

Yi, Kwang-Su. Admiral Yi-Sun Shin (Soon-Shin): the Legendary Turtle Ship War Hero. New ​ ​ Ampersand Publishing, 2017.

This book is about admiral Yi Sun-Shin in general and provides an overview of all the

wars that he participated in. Because our website is mainly about Yi Sun-Shin and his

wars, we had to find a lot of information about Yi Sun-Shin’s contributions along with

achievements in these wars and this book helped to get a lot of necessary information.

Yi, Sun-sin. Nanjung Ilgi: War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin. Edited by Pow-key Sohn.

Translated by Tae-Hung Ha, Yonsei University Press, 1995.

This book is the English version of the Nanjung Ilgi (난중일기), which recorded in detail

the Japanese Invasion of Korean from 1592 to 1598. To compare it with the Korean

version and for the convenience of gathering the direct quotes stated by Yi Sun-Shin in

English, we have used this particular English version of the original Nanjung Ilgi. Apart

from research, we enjoyed reading this book in general as the book aligns various

spectacles and interesting records through Yi Sun-Shin’s points of view during the war.

For the most, this source was a valuable source as it is one of the very few sources that

directly conveyed Yi Sun-Shin’s personal thoughts and feelings regarding the war, that 12

were not explicitly shown from the other records of the war.

Yi, Sun-sin, Tae H. Ha, and Chong-yŏng Yi. Imjin Changch'o: Admiral Yi Sun-Sin's Memorials

to Court., 1981. Print.

Imjin Changch'o (임진장초) is Admiral Yi’s seven reports that requested an order on

military service by reporting the progress of Japanese Invasion of Korea to the King of

the Chosun dynasty. This specific version of the Imjin Changch'o is a English-translated

version of the original book. During our research this book provided us with information

about the important progress of the war reported by Yi Sun-Shin.

Yu, Seong-Yong., Kim, Hong Sik. Jingbirok(징비록), Memory of disastrous war, 2003 ​ ​ The book ‘Jinbirok’ is a first-hand account of the Imjin War (1592-1598) written by high

ranking Chosun scholar-official Yu Seong-Yong, for the purpose of preventing such an

invasion from happening again. Accordingly, the book reflects on the past mistakes that

had potentially led to the war, and the critical record of the events that happened during

the war. Currently, the book has become an invaluable source in the study of war

conflicts and Chinese-Korean-Japanese relations.

이순신, 『난중일기』, 국립중앙도서관, 1592-1598.

Nanjung Ilgi (난중일기) is the first-hand record of the Imjin War (1592-1598) by Yi ​ Sun-Shin. In consists of seven volumes of notes written almost daily from January 1592

through November 1598, until the days before Yi Sun-si was killed on the cusp of a

decisive victory in the last sea battle of the war. The diary is without equal in world

history as a commander's battlefield accounts. Written as a personal journal, it describes

in detail the daily combat situations, the admiral's personal views and feelings, 13

observations on the weather, topographical features of battlefields and the lives of

common people. The style is simple and elegant. This war diary has been widely used in

modern Western countries as well as in Korea to study the sea battles during the

seven-year war. This book also was a valuable source for our research as it provided a

rare, first-hand record of the war by Admiral Yi himself.

Secondary Sources

“Battle of Hansan Island.” Military Wiki, military.wikia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hansan_Island.

This is a website showing the process of the battle of Hansando by indicating specific

dates and locations on a map where the major events happened. This was a good website

that helped us understand the overall flow of the Battle of Hansando from what were the

major events that happened during the battle to where exactly those events happened.

“Battle of Hansan Island.” Military Wiki, military.wikia.org/wiki/BattGroomes, Chris. “Battle of

Hansan Island - Imjin War.” The Imjin War,

sites.google.com/site/imjinprojectuga/battles-and-Warfares/hansan.e_of_Hansan_Island.

This source specifically discusses the Battle of Hansan Island. It provides a brief

summary of the battle and it shows the breaking barriers of the Hansando Battle by

showing how the innovative battle was fought. Through reading this source, the team was

able to learn how the great victory at the Hansan-do made history turning the tide of the

war in Korea’s favor.

Cartwright, Mark. “The Japanese Invasion of Korea, 1592-8 CE.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, ​ ​ Ancient History Encyclopedia, 30 Jan. 2020, 14

www.ancient.eu/article/1398/the-japanese-invasion-of-korea-1592-8-ce/. ​

This article provides a general overview of the war and brief biographies of Yi Sun-Shin

and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Starting from the first invasion in 1592 to the end of the Imjin

War in 1598, it points out the major events and turning points throughout the war.

Moreover, it also discusses some of the consequences and aftermath of the war in Korea,

and how it set forth the continuation of the Chosun Dynasty.

“Chungmugong Yi Sun-Sin - Naval Battles - Four Greatest Battles in the World - The Battle of ​ Hansando.” Chungmugong Yi Sun-Sin, ​ ​ yi-sunsin.gyeongnam.go.kr/english/02battle/03_03.jsp.

This is a source of the background story of Admiral Yi Sun-Shin and the battle of

Hansando. This website introduces the battle in detail including the leaders, Choson’s

preparation process, commanders, and even the aftermath of the battle. Through using

this information, our group used this source to support our ‘breaking barriers’ category of

the website in the Battle of Hansando.

“Chungmugong Yi Sun-Shin.” Chungmugong Yi Sun-Shin, ​ ​ www.gyeongnam.go.kr/yisunshin_eng/index.gyeong?menuCd=DOM_000010202005003

000.

This website is one of the official websites under the Korean government that manage the

memorials, museums, historical sites, and records regarding Yi Sun-Shin and his legacy.

From this website, we have gathered more detailed information about the background

history of the Imjin War, historical figures involved in the war, the turtle ships, and the 15

legacy of the war in Korea. We have also used some of the images from this website for

our website.

“Hansando Naval Battle.” Arirang Culture, YouTube, 7 Mar. 2017,

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ws0EZnDj4CY.

This documentary from Arirang Culture provides visual and auditory evidence of the

battle of Hansando. Since Arirang is a Korean program, this documentary shows Korean

perspectives of the battle. We used this documentary to consider different perspectives of

viewing the battle of Hansando. The visual sources helped our group to further

understand the documentary.

“Imjin War.” Korea Creative Content Academy,

www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?content_id=cp052705420001.

This article discusses what happened during the Imjin War and the different events that

led to the victory of Korea. It also mentions the contribution of Yi Sun-Shin. We used

this article to do research on the events during the Imjin War and the different strategies

Yi Sun-Shin used to defeat the Japanese military.

Jaakkola, Eetu. “Yi Sun-Shin.” The MY HERO Project, myhero.com/yi-sun-shin.

This website does not provide detailed information about Yi Sun-Shin’s life nor the wars

that he participated in. However, it provides a brief description of what kind of hero Yi

Sun-Shin was and how he became the greatest historical figure in Korea. This article

helped us to get a brief idea of how we would organize our information and project in

general.

Joongang Ilbo “[Cover Story] The Name of Victory, Yi Sun-Shin, in the 3 Naval Battles.” 16

Joongang Ilbo, 16 Aug. 2014, news.joins.com/article/15554033.

This article introduces the different wars that Yi Sun-Shin participated and the war tactics

Yi Sun-Shin used to defeat the Japanese. This article was very useful because it does not

just introduce Yi Sun-Shin’s contributions but describes in detail about what exactly

happened during that war. This article helped us to understand the wars and what actually

happened.

Kim, Han-min, director. The Admiral: Roaring Currents. CJ Entertainment, 2014. ​ ​

The Admiral: Roaring Currents, ‘명량’ in Korean, is a 2014 South Korean epic

action-war film based on the historical Battle of Myeong-ryang. For our website, we used

an image and a clip from this film to include multi-media sources and to support our

content in discussion of the Battle of Myeon-ryang.

Korea Herald. “`Imjin War` Meets a Western Perspective.” The Korea Herald, 6 Apr. 2010, ​ ​ www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20051109000013.

This article discusses the varying perspectives on the Imjin War, including the Korean,

Japanese, Chinese, and Western perspectives, as well as the secondary interpretation of

the book ‘The Imjin War’ by Samuel Hawley, which is also cited above. Throughout the

article, it incorporates the interpretations of Samuel Hawley on the Imjin War to discuss

the differences and similarities in the perspectives on the war and on Yi Sun-Shin shared

by different countries, especially Korea, Japan, and China, the stakeholders of the war.

From this source, we were able to gather more information about the different points of

view regarding our topic. 17

“Learn More Yi Sun-Sin.” Yi Sun-Sin World, www.yisunsinworld.com/. ​ ​

This website is run by Yi Sun-Shin American Institute in the States, and provides a

variety of sources to study about Yi Sun-Shin. Since this website was created for the

English users mainly, we were able to gather more professional sources written in

English to help our research. Starting from documents, video lectures, to academic

research, we have used different kinds of sources from this website to gather useful

accounts of Yi Sun-Shin for our website.

Lee, Nae Won, and Joung Eun Lee. “Great Teachings of Yi Sun-sin.”

This document is part II of Yi Sun-sin educational series that begins with “A Brief Study

of Yi Sun-sin.”, written by the same authors. Continuing from the first document, from

this document, we learned more about the reputations of Yi Sun-Shin and interpretation

of the significance of his achievements during the Imjin War. For our website, we have

used some of those interpretations in discussing the major achievements made by Yi

Sun-Shin.

Lee, Nae Won., and Lee, Joung Eun. “A Brief Study of Yi Sun-sin.”

This document is the first part of Yi Sun-Shin educational series by the authors.

Throughout the document, the authors introduce and analyse Yi Sun-Shin, about his life,

his naval battles, and his legacy. From the well-organized information, we used this

document to organize our own content for the website and supplement some of the

information about the three battles discussed. 18

Niderost, Eric. “The Imjin War: The Japanese Invasion of Korea.” Warfare History Network, 5

Oct. 2015,

warfarehistorynetwork.com/2015/10/05/the-imjin-war-the-japanese-invasion-of-korea/.

This is a website about the background story of the Imjin War. It is not focused on a

specific area of the war but it provides an overview of how the war progressed. It also

talks about the Barriers of the war which is our theme involved in our topic. This source

helped us to understand the breaking barriers that the Koreans had to overcome to

achieve victory.

“Spirit of Korea _ Yi Sun-Shin(이순신).” YouTube, Arirang Culture, ​ ​ www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cw8p-D6kDAM&list=LLIHIgW3ie5euaelvssXUNRw&ind

ex=12&t=41s. ​

This short documentary is about the story of Yi Sun-Shin and his achievements. This

video provides a well-organized summary of the course of the battles in the Imjin War

and their outcomes in relation to Yi Sun-Shin. For our website, we have used part of this

documentary for our ‘Background History’ section as an introductory video of our topic.

Syeda, Seema. “Yi Sun-Sin: History's Greatest Admiral.” Military History Matters, 15 Apr.

2019, www.military-history.org/articles/yi-sun-sin-historys-greatest-admiral.htm.

This is an article that why Yi Sun-sin is one of the greatest admirals in history and his

achievements. Since our topic was mainly about Yi Sun-Sin, this article helped us find

background information about what kind of admiral Yi Sun-Sin was and what were the

factors that led to his victories. 19

“The East Asian War of 1592–98: International Perspectives-Introduction.” Taylor & Francis, ​ ​ www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00094633.2019.1606646.

This journal discusses the international perspectives on the Imjin War, which is called the

Eastern Asia War of 1592-98 in the journal. This is one of the sources where we were

able to gather information about the different perspectives on the war and Yi Sun-Shin

from a more broad, international context, compare them with Korea’s and Japan’s

perspectives.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Yi Sun-Shin.” Encyclopædia Britannica,

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 12 Dec. 2019,

www.britannica.com/biography/Yi-Sun-shin.

This is an article that provides background information about Yi Sun-Shin. Although this

article does not talk about the wars or Yi Sun-Shin’s war tactics, it provides a lot of

information about his life in general. We used this article to do basic research on how Yi

Sun-Shin became part of the military and the wars that he participated in.

“The Imjin War.” The Imjin War, Yi Sun Sin: VANK, www.prkorea.com/yisunsin/imjin.htm. ​ ​ ​ ​

This website organizes the information about the Imjin War and Yi Sun-Shin into

different sections. In one section, it discusses contributions of Yi Sun-Shin’s war

strategies and achievements to Korea and to the international community, where we have

learned more about the international reputation of Yi Sun-Shin. Moreover, from the

section where it discusses ‘the truth about Yi Sun-Shin’, we also learned more about

some of the more unknown facts about Yi Sun-Shin as an Admiral and as an individual. 20

“Yi Sun Shin.” Encyclopedia of Korean Culture, encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0044900.

This website provides information about the overall life of Yi Sun Shin and how he

contributed in the wars between Korea and Japan. The article also discusses many of the

war tactics and strategies that Yi Sun Shin used. We could find a lot of information about

the background of Yi Sun Shin and his military efforts.

“Yi Sun Shin’s Leadership and Tactics in the Battle of Noryang - E-Journal 2018 ISSN

2465-809X(Online).” Korea Maritime Security Forum,

komsf.or.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=m45&wr_id=37.

This article discusses how Yi Sun-Shin’s leadership and tactics during the battle of

Noryang contributed to the victory of Korea against Japan. Our website has a specific

category for the battle of Noryang so we used this article to find information about what

happened during the war and the war tactics of Yi Sun-Shin.

“문화재청 현충사 관리소.” 현충사 관리소, hcs.cha.go.kr/cha/idx/SubIndex.do?mn=HCS. ​ ​

This website is one of the official websites under the Korean government that manages

the memorials, museums, historical sites, and records regarding Yi Sun-Shin and his

legacy. From this website, we have gathered information about the life of Yi Sun-Shin

and other studies associated to Yi Sun-Shin. Moreover, we have also contacted with the

associate of this website and conducted an interview for a further research.

여수거북선사이버해전체험관, www.gbs.go.kr/main.html. ​ ​ ​

This website is an official Korean website that manages the hosting of ‘Geobukseon

(turtleship) Experience Center’. For the info session, this website provides detailed 21

information about the origins of the turtle ship, characteristics of the Korean battleships,

structures of the turtle ship, turtle ships’ role during the war and their legacy. The

information from this website was useful in building context for the discussion of turtle

ships in our website.

충무공 이순신, www.yisunshinusa.com/. ​ ​ ​

This website has various kinds of primary sources, such as paintings, images, first-hand

records, and secondary sources, such as documentary, research studies, experts’ analysis,

and journals, about Yi Sun-Shin and the Imjin War. From this website, we read several

journals written by the professors and experts on the Imjin War and Yi Sun-Shin to

gather information. Moreover, we have also contacted the head manager of this website

and conducted an interview for a further research.

Interviews

Lee, Chung Sun. "Interview with Chungsun Lee." Interview through email communication. 31

Jan. 2020.

Lee Chungsun is the Manager of the Hyeonchungsa Management Office, as well as the

Director of the Education Department in Chungmugong Yi Sun-Shin Memorial Museum.

From the interview, we asked him several questions regarding Yi Sun-Shin and the Imjin

War to help our research. “ I believe he is a great figure in that there were many difficult

situations during the seven years of the war, and he was able to overcome it.” From this 22

interview, we learned from the modern day expert’s view on Yi Sun-Shin to make further

analysis of our topic.

Lee, Nae Won. "Interview with Naewon Lee." Interview through email communication. 2 Feb.

2020.

Lee Nae Won is the true expert of Yi Sun-Shin, who has dedicated over 20 years to study

the life and history of Yi Sun-Shin. Throughout his career of studying Yi Sun-Shin and

Korean history, Director Lee served number of occupations and was honored for his

dedication: He is the Director of the U.S. Korean School Conference, founder of the U.S.

Yi Sun-Shin Education Headquarters, member of the Korean-American Educational

Researchers Association, and received commendation for meritorious service in ​ education from Korea’s President, Education deputy Prime Minister, and Secretary of

State for Culture, Education, and Sports. “That is why I concluded that Yi Sun-Shin was ​ ‘a saint with a sword - a man with a heart of a saint, but had to grab a weapon to defend

his nation.’” This interview was beneficial to our group because it provided insight on ​ how significant figure Yi Sun-Shin was, not only in Korean history, but in international

history.

Yuh, Leighanne. "Interview with Leighanne Yuh." Interview through email communication. 30

Jan. 2020.

Leighanne Yuh is the Professor of Korean History at Korea University and an Assistant

Professor, Associate Editor of The International Journal of Korean History. She was able

to provide us with information about the Imjin War and Yi Sun-Shin in a more modern

perspective that provided us with new insight on ways to view our topic. “I find the ​ 23 contemporary focus on Yi in movies (e.g. 명량), books, and other media interesting given the current political situation and tensions with Japan.” She also recommended us several resources that helped us do further research on different perspectives regarding our topic.