Shaping Environmental “Justices”

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Shaping Environmental “Justices” SHAPING ENVIRONMENTAL “JUSTICES” Chih-Tung Huang Ph.D., Science and Technology Studies University of Edinburgh 2010 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY OF SUBMITTED WORK In conformance to University regulations, I hereby declare that: 1. this thesis has been composed solely by me; 2. this thesis is entirely my own work; and 3. this thesis has not been submitted in part or whole for any other degree or professional qualification. Signed…………………………………………………………………………. Date……………………………………………………………………………. ii NOTICE OF PUBLICATION With permission from my supervisors, parts of the thesis have been peer-reviewed and published as the following: In English : Huang, C. T. and R. -C. Hwang (2009a). "“Environmental Justices”: What we have learned from the Taiwanese environmental justice controversy." Environmental Justice 2(3): 101-108. The Lanyu case in chapter 6 especially draws on this article. However, this thesis provides more comprehensive analysis on this issue. In Chinese : My original research proposal attempted to trace the idea of EJ and investigated its origins, its shaping/reshaping process, and its expansion to other countries and to the globe. It covered a broader scope than this thesis, including five cases: the US case, the Taiwanese case, the UK case, the international waste trading case, and the climate justice case. Considering limited space, this thesis only deals with the US and the Taiwanese cases. Some initial comments regarding these five cases scattered in the following Chinese articles. Huang, C.-T. and R.-C. Hwang (forthcoming). "The adoption of environmental justice: Are Americans and Taiwanese talking about the same environmental justice? ." National Development 9(1): Not yet known. Huang, C.-T. and R.-C. Hwang (2009). "The economic perspective of environmental justice: Can we solve EJ problems without abandoning economic thinking?" State and Society (6): 51-102. Huang, C.-T. and R.-C. Hwang (2009). "The indigenization of environmental justice: Some analytical and theoretical issues." Applied Ethics (46): 17-50. Huang, C.-T. (2008). Environmental justice and social constructionism. Sociology . R.-C. Hwang ed,. Taipei, Tunghua. Huang, C.-T. (2008). STS and climate change. Sociology . R.-C. Hwang ed,. Taipei, Tunghua. Hwang, R. -C. and C.-T. Huang (2007). “Seeking fair change: What is the role of justice in research into climate change.” Journal of Social Theory 10(2):417-444. Hwang, R. -C. and C.-T. Huang (2007). "The three problems of environmental justice theory." Taiwan Foundation for Democracy 4(2): 113-140. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all my supervisors who have been involved in this project. I am extremely appreciative of the support provided by Steve Yearley. On the first day I met him, I knew that I found a “dream supervisor”. From Steve, I have learnt much more than how to be an intellectual. Also, I thank Stewart Russell for his steady guidance in thesis production. Thanks also to all the members of Science Studies Unit. I can still vividly remember the very day I came to SSU. David Bloor and Carole Tansley welcomed me with tea and biscuits. I however mistakenly said that my religion is “computer”. For me, SSU is not only an office; it is also my lovely “home” in Edinburgh. Thanks are due, in particular, to Richard Ruey-Chyi Hwang for his enthusiasm and geniality for helping me with data collection. Richard is the very person who encouraged me to come to the UK. Looking back on it now, I have realised how insightful he is. I am grateful to Iain and Jeff who, literally, rescue my poor English. Without their help, this thesis will be less intelligible. Iain deserves my special gratitude. Like it or not, your free hair cut re-inform how people “evaluate” me. You definitely deserve a big thank you! Thanks also to my parents and my sister. Without their support, it will be impossible for me to finish this thesis. Last but not least, I want to thank my beloved Josefine for her love and patience. Without her “super-supervision”, I may still believe that justice is everything. I now understand justice is just a research topic, rather than life itself. My final acknowledgement goes to the Taiwanese government and Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for their scholarships. Their generous support makes this thesis possible. ii ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the concept of environmental justice (EJ) by tracing its origins, the process of its shaping and reshaping, and its adoption in Taiwan. EJ addresses the phenomenon of disproportionate distribution of environmental risks among social groups. As no one can actually “see” how risks are distributed, one has no choice but to rely on scientific (or other) techniques to visualise and then conceptualise these risks. After so doing, EJ has been turned into specific indicators to gauge EJ/injustice and the technical methods to measure it, even though the scope of these concerns is much broader and goes far beyond the technical. Using detailed historical exposition in tandem with interviews, this thesis seeks to demonstrate the processes that have led to the dominant constructions of environmental justice. The main argument of this thesis is that the phenomenon of EJ/injustice is a condensation of power relations/struggle, and the discourses that describe and the measures that gauge it are an expression of this struggle. Specifically, in this thesis I attempt to show that EJ is being constructed through the very process of debate among EJ supporters and with their challengers. Seen from this angle, this thesis shows that the conceptions of EJ differ and are mutable. To say that these conceptions change is not to deny that there is environmental injustice, but to recognise that the key characteristics can be categorised or explained differently. This research discloses that claims about EJ can be framed in much greater variety in terms of identity, difference, territory and governance. This thesis suggests that although understanding EJ through specific indicators and some sorts of techniques are necessary, a just society cannot be achieved through scientific research alone. The question of how much or what sort of data is sufficient to prove the existence of (in)justice is not a scientific one, but a social one. Our research could become much more meaningful if we recognise the specificity and limitations of the dominant approach and if the phenomenon of EJ/injustice is put in context. To achieve this, our intellectual endeavours should be properly conceived as being about a theory of endless political struggles over the issue, rather than simply about “discovering” EJ. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY OF SUBMITTED WORK..............................ii NOTICE OF PUBLICATION.....................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .........................................................................................ii ABSTRACT................................................................................................................iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................vii LIST OF ACRONYMS...............................................................................................ix 1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Prelude from the news of the 8/8 floods ........................................................ 1 1.2 Research questions, design and methods ....................................................... 7 1.3 Plan of thesis ................................................................................................ 20 2 A history of EJ: A conceptual analysis............................................................... 25 2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 25 2.2 First wave: Political movement gains momentum....................................... 25 2.3 Second wave: Conflicting evidence and authority....................................... 29 2.4 Third wave: Institutionalised EJ................................................................... 35 2.5 Does the EJ science provide enough evidence for the EJ thesis? ................ 38 3 The conflicting terms of EJ: an analysis of the discourse.................................. 39 3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 39 3.2 Environmental racism: EJ in a racial sense.................................................. 39 3.3 Environmental equity: EJ in an income sense.............................................. 51 3.4 Environmental justice: A better term than the others? ................................. 59 3.5 You have a dream; I have a problem: What does EJ really mean? .............. 69 4 Spatialising Blackness: EJ classification and mapping techniques.................... 71 4.1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 71 4.2 Not so black and white: Who is White/Black and where are they? ............. 72 4.3 MAUP: How to lie with scales .................................................................... 79
Recommended publications
  • Rethinking Indigenous People's Drinking Practices in Taiwan
    Durham E-Theses Passage to Rights: Rethinking Indigenous People's Drinking Practices in Taiwan WU, YI-CHENG How to cite: WU, YI-CHENG (2021) Passage to Rights: Rethinking Indigenous People's Drinking Practices in Taiwan , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13958/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Passage to Rights: Rethinking Indigenous People’s Drinking Practices in Taiwan Yi-Cheng Wu Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Social Sciences and Health Department of Anthropology Durham University Abstract This thesis aims to explicate the meaning of indigenous people’s drinking practices and their relation to indigenous people’s contemporary living situations in settler-colonial Taiwan. ‘Problematic’ alcohol use has been co-opted into the diagnostic categories of mental disorders; meanwhile, the perception that indigenous people have a high prevalence of drinking nowadays means that government agencies continue to make efforts to reduce such ‘problems’.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Central Taiwan
    Chapter IV Findings and Discussions 1. Ethnic Groups Involved in the Development of Central Taiwan “Development” originally means “cultivating a piece of wild land until it becomes productive”, and people also use the word to refer to the civilization process not only limited to agriculture but including cultural, social, economical and behavioral changes as well (Yin, 1989). Since development is a kind of purpose-driven activity, people involved in the process must play an important role. There had been Austronesian groups, Dutch, Han people and Japanese living in Central Taiwan along the time axis before Taiwan was returned to China in 1945, and in the following account we will start from Austronesian groups. 1.1 Austronesia People An account of Taiwan can be traced back to Sui Dynasty (隋朝), called “Liuqiu” (流 求) at that time. In “History Book of Sui” (隋書) it was written that the “Liuqiu kingdom is located in the ocean.” At that time, the emperor of Sui intended to conquer it, but their language was not intelligible, so the emperor recruited people from the south to form an army, for one of the southern ethnic groups, Kun-lun (崑崙), also known as Malaysian (馬來人), can understand Liuqiu’s language quite well (Abe, 1994). According to this passage and recent linguistic research, these people should belong to Austronesian groups and were the earliest inhabitants of Taiwan. 17 Austronesian people in Taiwan can be divided into two groups: mountain groups and plains groups, also known as Pingpu groups. The mountain groups are better known by people in Taiwan, for their language and culture are still distinguishable.
    [Show full text]
  • The Amis,1 and Prehistory, in Cultural Heritage Development in Taiwan2
    THE AMIS,1 AND PREHISTORY, IN CULTURAL HERITAGE DEVELOPMENT IN TAIWAN2 David Blundell3 University of California, Los Angeles ABSTRACT nia, Berkeley, suggests that it is useful to distinguish be- There has been a concerted effort to develop and effec- tween the past—what happened; history, accounts of the tively manage a definition of a “sense of place” in Tai- past; and heritage, which is those parts of the past that wan. While history is the record of the past, heritage is affect us in the present. To be more precise, history de- what contnues from the past that influences our present pends arguably on more than what is inscribed as docu- lives. This paper looks at Taiwan’s attempts to explore mentation of the past. Otherwise the events that have tran- and maintain heritage among the Amis of the east coast, spired are no longer directly available to be referred to. and in museums based on the local archaeological re- The past is knowable only indirectly through histories— cord. These ongoing projects are integrated in local descriptions and narratives of what happened. For every community and national efforts. aspect of the past, there are many narratives or none. As many factors influence what histories are, they are always multiple and incomplete. Buckland draws his concepts from Fentress and Wickham (1992) by which narratives Heritage is what we have now from the past: The come to be (1) selected, (2) adopted, (3) rehearsed and (4) goods that we inherit from our parents, the residues of adapted. He writes about the processes that determine toxic wastes, memories and artifacts that we cherish what will become the accepted mythic account as opposed and retain, our genetic inheritance, and such culture as to “those that we don’t know or don’t accept” (Buckland we have absorbed and made our own.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 INTRODUCTION Accounts of Taiwan and Its History Have Been
    INTRODUCTION Accounts of Taiwan and its history have been profoundly influenced by cultural and political ideologies, which have fluctuated radically over the past four centuries on the island. Small parts of Taiwan were ruled by the Dutch (1624-1662), Spanish (1626-1642), Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga)1 and his heirs (1662-1683), and a large part by Qing Dynasty China (1683-1895). Thereafter, the whole of the island was under Japanese control for half a century (1895-1945), and after World War II, it was taken over by the Republic of China (ROC), being governed for more than four decades by the authoritarian government of Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang (KMT), or Chinese Nationalist Party,2 before democratization began in earnest in the late 1980s. Taiwan’s convoluted history and current troubled relations with the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which claims Taiwan is “a renegade province” of the PRC, has complicated the world’s understanding of Taiwan. Many Western studies of Taiwan, primarily concerning its politics and economic development, have been conducted as an 1 Pinyin is employed in this dissertation as its Mandarin romanization system, though there are exceptions for names of places which have been officially transliterated differently, and for names of people who have been known to Western scholarship in different forms of romanization. In these cases, the more popular forms are used. All Chinese names are presented in the same order as they would appear in Chinese, surname first, given name last, unless the work is published in English, in which case the surname appears last.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.1 Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan
    Land Rights of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples under Natural Disasters: Analysis of Post-Typhoon Morakot Reconstruction from Legal, Historical, and Cultural Perspectives Yung-hua Kuo A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2018 Reading Committee: John O Haley, Chair Daniel B Abramson Robert T Anderson Stevan Harrell Program Authorized to Offer Degree: School of Law ©Copyright 2018 Yung-hua Kuo University of Washington Abstract Land Rights of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples under Natural Disasters: Analysis of Post-Typhoon Morakot Reconstruction from Legal, Historical, and Cultural Perspectives Yung-hua Kuo Chair of the Supervisory Committee: John O Haley School of Law This dissertation discusses indigenous land rights, disaster management law, and recovery problems after Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan, analyzing these issues from legal, historical, and cultural perspectives. The study traces land history of indigenous peoples and development of disaster laws in Taiwan. Based on the history, the study takes post–Typhoon Morakot recovery as an example to examine reconstruction laws and indigenous adaptive strategies in response to natural disaster effects in contemporary Taiwan. By presenting the problems, this dissertation aims to provide suggestions for enhancing protection on Taiwanese indigenous land rights in natural disaster situations. Since the seventeenth century, indigenous peoples’ land has been encroached by settlers and taken by the governments as state-owned property. Indigenous communities were relocated to reach assimilation and development. Only in recent decades, social movements have urged the government to recognize the collective and individual rights of indigenous people. In regard of disaster laws in Taiwan, from 1945 to 1999, disaster effects were handled by executive power through local administrative regulations and presidential emergency decrees, whose function was limited to retrospective measures.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Rights Movements, Land Conflicts, and Cultural Politics in Taiwan: a Case Study of Li- Shan
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1998 Indigenous Rights Movements, Land Conflicts, and Cultural Politics in Taiwan: A Case Study of Li- Shan. Yi-fong Chen Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Chen, Yi-fong, "Indigenous Rights Movements, Land Conflicts, and Cultural Politics in Taiwan: A Case Study of Li-Shan." (1998). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6815. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6815 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • ISO 639-3 New Code Request
    ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3 This form is to be used in conjunction with a “Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code” form Date: 2018-7-31 Name of Primary Requester: Syu, Ming-jyun E-mail address: plwton at gmail dot com Names, affiliations and email addresses of additional supporters of this request: [email protected] Associated Change request number : 2018-088 (completed by Registration Authority) Tentative assignment of new identifier : tvx (completed by Registration Authority) PLEASE NOTE: This completed form will become part of the public record of this change request and the history of the ISO 639-3 code set. Use Shift-Enter to insert a new line in a form field (where allowed). 1. NAMES and IDENTIFICATION a) Preferred name of language for code element denotation: Taivoan b) Autonym (self-name) for this language: Taivoan c) Common alternate names and spellings of language, and any established abbreviations: Taivuan, Tevorangh, Tevorang, Tivorang, Tivorangh d) Reason for preferred name: The current iso code [fos] is comprised of at least two different languages: Siraya and Taivoan (or Tevorang, Tevorangh), according to linguistic evidences of historic documents and historical linguistic copora. The name of the language to be split out, 'Taivoan', is prefered as a decision made by Taivoan people in the Consensus Statement of the 1st Inter-tribal Consensus Conference of Taivoan People in Dec 6th, 2016. e) Name and approximate population of ethnic group or community who use this language (complete individual language currently in use): The language is a dormant language currently and is under revitalization.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Strait to the Point: A Transnational Analysis of the Formation of a Taiwanese American Identity Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67r1721s Author Wang, Bing Publication Date 2020 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Strait to the Point: A Transnational Analysis of the Formation of a Taiwanese American Identity A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Asian American Studies by Bing Wang 2020 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Strait to the Point: A Transnational Analysis of the Formation of a Taiwanese American Identity by Bing Wang Master of Arts in Asian American Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2020 Professor Min Zhou, Chair This research examines the formation of a Taiwanese American identity from a transnational perspective, filling a scholarly gap in the understanding of intraethnic diversity. Before the surge of Taiwanese immigration to the United States since the 1970s, Taiwanese Americans and Chinese Americans were often perceived as a single ethnonational group, and the two identities conflated. Taiwanese Americans, particularly the second-generation, have constructed a distinct identity separate from Chinese Americans. The lifting of martial law in 1987 and democratization efforts in Taiwan allowed Taiwanese and the Taiwanese diaspora to publicly oppose the KuoMinTang (KMT) party, giving rise to Taiwanese nationalism, encouraging Taiwanese Americans to fully embrace the Taiwanese independence movement, create and reinforce a Taiwanese American identity, and call for recognition of Taiwan in international organizations. I argue that the Taiwanese American identity is formed through the disidentification from Chinese American community, construction of socioeconomic support networks, engagement with transnational political activism, and appropriation of Taiwanese Indigenous symbols.
    [Show full text]
  • Taiwan: Issues for Congress
    Taiwan: Issues for Congress Susan V. Lawrence Specialist in Asian Affairs Wayne M. Morrison Specialist in Asian Trade and Finance October 30, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44996 Taiwan: Issues for Congress Summary Taiwan, which officially calls itself the Republic of China (ROC), is an island democracy of 23 million people located across the Taiwan Strait from mainland China. It is the United States’ tenth-largest trading partner. Since January 1, 1979, the U.S. relationship with Taiwan has been unofficial, a consequence of the Carter Administration’s decision to establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and break formal diplomatic ties with self-ruled Taiwan, over which the PRC claims sovereignty. The Taiwan Relations Act (TRA, P.L. 96-8; 22 U.S.C. 3301 et seq.), enacted on April 10, 1979, provides a legal basis for the unofficial U.S.- Taiwan relationship. It also includes commitments related to Taiwan’s security. The PRC considers unofficiality in the U.S.-Taiwan relationship to be the basis for the U.S.-PRC relationship. Some Members of Congress have urged the executive branch to re-visit rules intended to distinguish the unofficial U.S.-Taiwan relationship from official U.S. relationships with diplomatic partners, in order to accord Taiwan greater dignity and respect. The PRC continues to threaten the use of force to bring about Taiwan’s unification with mainland China. Beijing codified that threat in 2005, in the form of an Anti-Secession Law. The United States terminated its Treaty of Mutual Defense with Taiwan as of January 1, 1980, but on the basis of the Taiwan Relations Act, it has remained involved in supporting Taiwan’s military.
    [Show full text]
  • TAIWAN and CHINA FITFUL EMBRACE Luminos Is the Open Access Monograph Publishing Program from UC Press
    Edited by Lowell Dittmer Lowell by Edited FITFUL EMBRACE and China Taiwan Taiwan DITTMER | TAIWAN AND CHINA FITFUL EMBRACE Luminos is the Open Access monograph publishing program from UC Press. Luminos provides a framework for preserving and rein- vigorating monograph publishing for the future and increases the reach and visibility of important scholarly work. Titles published in the UC Press Luminos model are published with the same high standards for selection, peer review, production, and marketing as those in our traditional program. www.luminosoa.org The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Sue Tsao Endowment Fund in Chinese Studies of the University of California Press Foundation. Taiwan and China Taiwan and China Fitful Embrace Edited by Lowell Dittmer UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advanc- ing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Oakland, California © 2017 by Lowell Dittmer Suggested citation: Dittmer, Lowell (ed.). Taiwan and China: Fitful Embrace. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. doi: https://doi. org/10.1525/luminos.38 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license. To view a copy of the license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Dittmer, Lowell, editor. Title: Taiwan and China : fitful embrace / edited by Lowell Dittmer.
    [Show full text]
  • ©Copyright 2017 Hsi-Wen Chang
    ©Copyright 2017 Hsi-Wen Chang Wounded Land and Wounded Peoples Attitudes of Paiwan People and Tao People toward Nuclear Waste Hsi-Wen Chang A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington Reading Committee: Stevan Harrell, Chair Miriam Kahn Jeffrey Hou Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of Anthropology University of Washington Abstract Wounded Land and Wounded Peoples Attitudes of Paiwan People and Tao People toward Nuclear Waste Hsi-Wen Chang Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Stevan Harrell Department of Anthropology In 2008 and 2010, Taiwan Power Company (TPC) consecutively selected two Paiwan villages as candidates of the nuclear waste repository site. Surprisingly, Paiwanese villages are willing to accept storing nuclear waste on their homeland for the hope of local development with TPC's monetary compensation. Compared to Paiwanese villagers’ positive attitude, Tao islanders have been demonstrating a contrasting manner towards nuclear waste since they found the state-owned “fish can factory” is actually a nuclear waste repository. The overarch question I would like to ask is why there are different attitudes from different people on the issue of nuclear waste. Drawn from previous literature on nuclear relevant issues, three theoretical perspectives including environmental justice, sense of place and tourism are used to interpret why the two indigenous communities hold different attitudes toward nuclear waste. Based on my fieldwork at Nantian Village and Lanyu Island, I confirm that the fluid relationship between people and land is affected by the contextual factors such as the economic system, colonial history, religions, and etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation
    DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation „Governance, Empowerment, and Environmental Justice – the Indigenous Tao of Orchid Island“ Verfasserin Mag.a Rosa Enn angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, 2015 Studienkennzahl A 784 307 lt. Studienblatt: Dissertationsgebiet Dr. Studium der Sozialwissenschaften, lt. Studienblatt: Kultur- und Sozialanthropologie Betreuerin / Betreuer: Mag. Dr. Hermann Mückler ao. Univ.-Prof. 2 Acknowledgments I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my informants and friends in Taiwan and Orchid Island. In particular I would like to thank my Tao family Lumai, Pace, Syaman Mifilang, Yaohsin, Ina, Zhang Haiyu, Dong Enzi, and Guo Jianping, for all their support and hospitality. Ina gave me the Tao name Si Togoren, meaning “although we come from different parts of the world our souls are connected”. I can very much identify with this name. Meeting my Tao family was a lucky coincidence that has developed into something of great high value, not only for my research, but also for personal reasons as our friendship has become strong and sincere and keeps me coming back to Orchid Island. Furthermore, I would like to thank my supervisor and professor Hermann Mückler from the Social and Cultural Anthropology department of the University of Vienna. He has always supported my undertakings and research projects and kept me motivated when I got lost in the course of writing my dissertation. In addition, I thank Dr. Astrid Lipinsky, my dear professor from the Sinology Department at the University of Vienna. Her engagement and enthusiasm had a great influence on my academic career. Dr. Lipinsky invited me to contribute to several workshops, conferences, and miscellanies with articles developed from my research.
    [Show full text]