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To Speak One's Mind Society's Lonesome End the Isle Is Full of Noises

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To Speak One's Mind Society's Lonesome End the Isle Is Full of Noises Ieman• orts March 1968 To Speak One's Mind John S. Knight Society's Lonesome End W es Gallagher The Isle is Full of Noises Sir William Haley 2 NIEMAN REPORTS editor who carried his policy in his hat and expressed the mood in which he got out of bed in the morning. But since Lippmann the column itself has become increasingly NiemanR~ports a stereotype. The reader can classify and label it-Buckley, right wing; Alsop, pro war; McGill, civil rights; Kempton, VOL. XXII, NO. 1 MARCH 1968 liberal; and so on. There may be exceptions. But for the most part the na­ Louis M. Lyons, Editor, 1947-64 tionally syndicated columnist is limited to certain few na­ tionally accepted topics. He deals either with the policy and Dwight E. Sargent, Editor performance of the national administration, or at another Editorial Board of the Society of Nieman Fellows level with the celebrity whose private life is public game. Robert W. Brown C. Ray Jenkins One has to look elsewhere for the rare examples of per­ Rock Hill Evening Herald Alabama Journal sonal journalism. Cervi's Journal in Denver is so personal Millard C. Browne John Strohmeyer in its views and so uninhibited that one assumes Gene BuHalo News Bethlehem Globe-Times Cervi writes it all himself. It is by no means restricted to William B. Dickinson E. J. Paxton, Jr. the main lines of the daily news headlines but it has its solid Philadelphia Bulletin Paducah Sun-Democrat following. The Carolina Israelite is of course the personal Tillman Durdin Harry T. Montgomery philosophy of Harry Golden, pronouncing provocative com­ New York Times Associated Press ment on such matters as he finds worth mulling over. Ron­ Roy M. Fisher Sylvan Meyer nie Dugger's Texas Observer is still another type of personal Chicago Daily News Gainesville Daily Times journal, almost a one-man production that provides form Robert B. Frazier Robert Lasch and focus for such liberal thought and program as that Eugene Register-Guard St. Louis Post-Dispatch imperial State contains. It deals wholly with the concerns Thomas H. Griffith Edwin A. Lahey of Texas in terms of those who are concerned about them. Time, Inc. Knight Newspapers Naturally its circulation is small. But its influence in bring­ Rebecca Gross Smith Hempstone, Jr. ing some cohesion to these concerns is not small. Lock Haven Express Washington Star A very special form of personal journalism is I. F. Stone's Published quarterly by the Society of Nieman Fellows from Weekly. lzzy Stone is a very rare bird, an utterly inde­ 77 Dunster Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138. Sub­ pendent mind, with a radical outlook, a can-opener capacity scription $3 a year. Second-class postage paid at Boston, Massachusetts. to get to the bottom of things, who writes with the sharp­ edged style of a barbed critic. He is absolutely informed on those vital national affairs that he delves into, and totally disrespectful to whatever powers or bureaucrats are covering up what he can dig out. He had 20 years as a hard digging Washington corres­ lzzy Stone is a Rare Bird pondent behind him when he launched his Weekly in 1953. He owns it, runs it, is beholden to no one but his readers. He'll assign himself to go to Vietnam or Israel or the By Louis M. Lyons D ominican Republic to get the story straight, though most of his time is spent evaluating what is going on in Wash­ In a Time of Torment ington and what it adds up to. In the raucous New Deal days when he was on the New By I. F. Stone Dealish New York Post, lzzy covered the State Department Random House, N.Y. 463 pp. $7.95 and it was nothing rare for Secretary Cordell Hull to open a press conference by pointing a wavering finger at lzzy With all our mass media and syndication, the day of per­ and denouncing what Stone had written the day before. sonal journali sm is not dead-not quite. Nor is its modern This had no perceptible effect on what he would write next equivalent the syndicated columnist. In an earlier day of day. Though he spent more time digging news than anyone the columnist, when Lippmann and Dorothy Thompson else could cram into a day, he always had time for an began contributing individual viewpoints to editorial pages, argument, over coffee or beer, and his adversary was apt often at variance with their policy, it was said that the col­ umnist had revived the personal journalism of the old time (Continued on page 25) NIEMAN REPORTS 3 To Speak One's Mind By JohnS. Knight face the governmental dangers of John Peter Zenger. He Mr. Knight, editorial chairman of Knight Newspapers, was tried for sedition. But newspapermen since, and to this Inc., delivered this speech in Phoenix in acceptance of the present day, are found guilty of contempt of court for refusal John Peter Zenger Award presented by the University of to divulge the name of a news source and, like Zenger, are Arizona. subject to imprisonment upon conviction. Further, the dif­ ficulties of their assignments-of "exposing and opposing The roll of past reCipients of the John Peter Zenger arbitrary power by speaking and writing the truth"-are Award is a distinguished one, reflecting credit not only infinitely greater today. upon them but upon the University of Arizona. A 24-hour budget of news is overwhelming, more perhaps I am proud indeed to be similarly honored this year. than the human mind can comprehend. The Washington May I give expression to the hope that the Award is in correspondent, whose responsibility it is to examine the recognition not only of my labors during 1967 but of workings of the Great Society, must also produce a news previous years as well. report which makes this phantasmagoria capable of being For the struggle in behalf of a free and responsible press, understood by his readers. as indicated by the name of the Award itself, is a never­ According to the Associated Press, our government's ending battle. It is, as Andrew Hamilton said in his defense public relations and informed programs cost taxpayers of John Peter Zenger, a cause to secure "the liberty both of about $425 million a year. This is more than is spent an­ exposing and opposing arbitrary power by speaking and nually by the Congress and the Judiciary. And more than writing t:he truth." double the combined outlay for newsgathering by the two Many of us, including three distinguished Arizonians­ major U .S. news services, the three major television net­ Eugene C. Pulliam, William R. Mathews, and J. Edward works and the 10 largest American newspapers. Murray-have endeavored in our respective ways to uphold So when the White House complains about adverse stories and defend the freedom of expression. And, even more im­ in our press-notably about Vietnam-let us remember that portantly-to employ our Constitutionally guaranteed free­ the press carries five times as much of the government's doms in behalf of the general welfare rather than merely views as are presented by the administration's critics. The talking about them at gatherings of the Fourth Estate. sheer bulk of this material-all news and which must be Today's newspapermen-at least in this country-do not carried as such-is overwhelming. 4 NIEMAN REPORTS State and local reporting is somewhat less complicated. light." It is only when events are not going so well that Yet the proliferation of new agencies needed to cope and we do sit up and take notice. cooperate with their federal counterparts is testing the in­ To the President and the loyal Sancho Panzas of his genuity and resourcefulness of every editor dedicated to administration, they are living in a war; they think in terms informative and responsible news coverage. of war, and mold their actions to a mood of war. And Moreover, as James Reston pointed out to you four years when the concern is legitimate, I cannot begrudge him. But ago, this nation is undergoing a set of social revolutions, we of the now aroused press must object when, in his each one as significant to the future as the Industrial efforts to put himself in the best possible light, the President Revolution itself. forgets his responsibility to the people. They are the ones We are still witnessing the revolution of automation, who hired him. He owes them an honest accounting of which so far has defied the soothsayers of doom and despair his stewardship. by creating more jobs than it has destroyed. A diminishing It is one thing to hide vital facts which Hanoi, Peking or number of union leaders-notably those in the business of the Vietcong don't know, and another thing entirely to producing newspapers-and with their eyes fixed intently misinform the people when it serves no security purpose. upon the past, are still resisting its inevitability. And it is totally inexcusable to lie to the people about This is only one of the revolutions we are undergoing, matters which are of their utmost concern, and about which each one interwoven with each other-The revolution on the enemy already knows the full truth. Yet the hard fact the farm where 26 ears of corn grow on land where only is that in trying to put itself in the best possible light, one grew three decades ago, the revolution not of civil this administration has resorted to distortions of fact and rights but of rising demands and expectations, and the half-truths of history.
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