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Escapando Al Estigma Y Desplegando La Expresión Sexual Mediada Computacionalmente

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Escapando Al Estigma Y Desplegando La Expresión Sexual Mediada Computacionalmente UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA UNIDAD AZCAPOTZALCO DIVISIÓN DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y HUMANIDADES POSGRADO EN SOCIOLOGÍA Escapando al Estigma y Desplegando la Expresión Sexual Mediada Computacionalmente. El caso de la Práctica Sexual Virtual Online de la Comunidad LGBTTTIQ en México. Abraham Martin Ledezma Vargas Tesis. Idónea Comunicación de Resultados (ICR) Para optar por el grado de Maestro en Sociología Línea de Investigación: Sociedad y Nuevas Tecnologías Miembros del Comité: Dr. Antonio Arellano Hernández Asesor de tesis. Dra. Amalia Isabel Izquierdo Campos Dra. Yolanda Castañeda Zavala Dr. Jorge Mercado Mondragón Dra. Karina Ochoa Muñoz México, CDMX, Mayo, 2016. 1 Índice Índice de figuras.................................................................................................................................. 05 Introducción......................................................................................................................................... 06 CAPÍTULO 1 LA SEXUALIDAD COMO DISPOSITIVO............................................................... 13 1.1 Pautas y elementos para comprender a la sexualidad como dispositivo....................................... 13 1.2 Breve historia de la sexualidad como dispositivo.......................................................................... 17 1.2.1. 5 etapas del dispositivo sexual: Primer etapa. El sexo como el arte del bien vivir...... 20 Segunda etapa: Sexo conyugal y la confesión cristiana......................................................... 21 Tercera etapa: La racionalización estatal del sexo.................................................................. 22 Cuarta etapa: La invención del sexo y las patologías sexuales............................................... 24 Quinta etapa: Sexualidad plástica........................................................................................... 28 1.3 La constitución de identidades sexuales........................................................................................ 30 Conclusión........................................................................................................................................... 33 CAPÍTULO 2 LA RED INTERNET Y EL DISPOSITIVO VIRTUAL............................................. 36 2.1 Internet en cifras............................................................................................................................ 37 2.2 Quienes y para que se utiliza Internet en México.......................................................................... 40 2.3 Breve historia del Internet y algunos de sus soportes materiales.................................................. 41 2.3.1 La invención de la multimedia....................................................................................... 47 2.4 Internet en la vida cotidiana........................................................................................................... 50 2.5 Particularidades de la virtualidad como una forma de realidad..................................................... 53 2.5.1 Realidad, espacio virtual y tiempo................................................................................. 56 2.5.2 Virtualidad..................................................................................................................... 58 2.5.3 Realidad......................................................................................................................... 59 2.6 ¿“Desaparición del cuerpo”?, Identidad y comunidades virtuales................................................ 60 2 2.6.1 Identidad virtual.......................................................................................................................... 65 2.7 Variantes de la identidad en las cadenas rituales de interacción virtual online............................. 68 2.8 Repensando lo tecnológico y lo corpóreo..................................................................................... 72 Conclusión.......................................................................................................................................... 75 CAPÍTULO 3 DISPOSITIVO INTEGRADO DE SEXUALIDAD VIRTUAL ................................ 77 (EL DISPOSITIVO. CIBERSEXUAL) 3.1 Que significa ser parte de la comunidad DS en México................................................................ 78 3.1.2 Un breve panorama de la homosexualidad en México.................................................. 82 3.2 Intolerancia a la diversidad sexual y crímenes contra la comunidad DS...................................... 84 3.3 Grupos de Diversidad Sexual en México en lucha contra la estigmatización y la represión........ 86 3.4 Algunas pautas para comprender a la cibersexualidad como dispositivo...................................... 92 3.5 Características generales, elementos y actores relevantes que interactúan dentro del dispositivo cibersexual: de la práctica y expresión sexual a la comunicación sexual mediada computacionalmente.................................................................................................. 97 3.5.1 Actores principales en contra de la expresión homosexual offline y online.................. 100 3.6 Tipos de práctica y expresión sexual por parte de la comunidad DS............................................ 108 3.6.1 Relaciones de interacción afectiva y encuentros fugaces.............................................. 114 3.6.1.1 Emociones y sentimientos emanados de la interacción sexual online........... 119 3.6.2 Sexo multimedia............................................................................................................ 120 3.6.2.1 Sexo textual.................................................................................................... 120 3.6.2.2 Audio, Imagen y Video.................................................................................. 122 3.6.3 Sobre la información sexual disponible en red, la pornografía y el autoerotismo......... 126 3.6.3.1 Pornografía y autoerotismo............................................................................ 129 3.6.4 Práctica cibersexual dentro y fuera de los espacios online............................................ 133 3.7 Sobre el cuerpo desnudo y la identidad sexual.............................................................................. 139 3.7.1 La construcción telemática de la identidad sexual........................................................ 141 3 3.7.2 Comunidades DS online y Ciberactivismo.................................................................... 144 3.8 Sobrepasando el estigma a través de la mediación virtual de los dispositivos de comunicación electrónica...................................................................................... 147 3.9 Cibersexo desde el anonimato....................................................................................................... 151 3.10 Confianza Riesgo y Seguridad..................................................................................................... 156 3.10.1 Adicción y Riesgo de contagio de ETS....................................................................... 157 3.11 Gestión del riesgo en el dispositivo cibersexual.......................................................................... 159 3.12 Seguridad virtual.......................................................................................................................... 163 3.13 Libertad de expresión y práctica cibersexual............................................................................... 169 3.14 ¿Disminución del discurso negativo de las prácticas homoeróticas a partir del uso de las TICS?................................................................................................................................................... 171 Conclusiones........................................................................................................................................ 176 Bibliografía......................................................................................................................................... 182 Anexo Metodológico........................................................................................................................... 189 Elementos considerados para la realización de la entrevista y algunos hallazgos.............................. 189 Fichas personales de los Informantes.................................................................................................. 192 4 Índice de figuras Esquema 1: De la múltiple pertenencia de la identidad....................................................................... 65 Esquema 2: Red general del dispositivo cibersexual........................................................................... 96 Imagen 1: Homosexualidad como enfermedad................................................................................... 104 Imagen 2: Reacciones diversas al artículo “Homosexualidad como enfermedad”............................. 105 Imagen 3: Todas las mujeres son bisexuales....................................................................................... 106 Imagen 4. Emoticonos sexuales para WhatsApp y otras aplicaciones................................................ 112 Imagen 5. Emoticonos de expresión DS para WhatsApp y otras aplicaciones................................... 112 Imagen 6: LatinChat. Interacción solo texto, sala gay........................................................................
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