Permanent Or Circular Migration?
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Circular Migration Or Permanent Return: What Determines Different Forms of Migration?
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Vadean, Florin P.; Piracha, Matloob Working Paper Circular migration or permanent return: What determines different forms of migration? Department of Economics Discussion Paper, No. 09,12 Provided in Cooperation with: University of Kent, School of Economics Suggested Citation: Vadean, Florin P.; Piracha, Matloob (2009) : Circular migration or permanent return: What determines different forms of migration?, Department of Economics Discussion Paper, No. 09,12, University of Kent, Department of Economics, Canterbury This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50588 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu University of Kent Department of Economics Discussion Papers Circular Migration or Permanent Return: What Determines Different Forms of Migration? Florin P. -
Mediterranean Crossroads: Determinants of Circular Migration in Spain, 1955-19731 March 19, 2021 José Antonio García-Barrero2
Mediterranean Crossroads: Determinants of circular migration in Spain, 1955-19731 March 19, 2021 José Antonio García-Barrero2 Abstract In this paper, I study the determinants of circular migration in Spain during the rural exodus, 1955-1973. I use a unique and novel employer-employee micro-dataset of 10,761 observations of men and women working in the Balearic tourism industry during the period. The Spanish tourism boom in the Balearics constitutes an intense process of migrant assimilation based on circular migration. This case study allows me to analyse the factors explaining circular migration in Spain and shed light on the migrant location choice during the Spanish rural exodus. My results show that the socio-economic structure of the origin communities, skill requirements and migrant networks were key predictors of location choices. Migrants were more likely to migrate from rural towns where the labour demand peaks were complementary to the tourism season. These municipalities also characterised by more accessible and distributed land ownership. By contrast, migrant networks were crucial in determining migrant location choices in the areas where the levels of attachment to the source area were lower. Moreover, my findings also suggest abrupt adverse shocks in labour demand and lower literacy and disposable household income in the municipality of origin were strong predictors. These differential incentives played an important role in the heterogeneity of migrant location choices during the Spanish rural exodus. In these areas, higher investment and seasonal work opportunities in origin, and lower skill requirements and migrant networks in destination made more optimal migrating to Spanish tourism areas to the detriment of European countries and Spanish industrial hubs. -
(IOM) (2019) World Migration Report 2020
WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2020 The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. This flagship World Migration Report has been produced in line with IOM’s Environment Policy and is available online only. Printed hard copies have not been made in order to reduce paper, printing and transportation impacts. The report is available for free download at www.iom.int/wmr. Publisher: International Organization for Migration 17 route des Morillons P.O. Box 17 1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 717 9111 Fax: +41 22 798 6150 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iom.int ISSN 1561-5502 e-ISBN 978-92-9068-789-4 Cover photos Top: Children from Taro island carry lighter items from IOM’s delivery of food aid funded by USAID, with transport support from the United Nations. © IOM 2013/Joe LOWRY Middle: Rice fields in Southern Bangladesh. -
The Ends of Four Big Inflations
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Inflation: Causes and Effects Volume Author/Editor: Robert E. Hall Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-31323-9 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/hall82-1 Publication Date: 1982 Chapter Title: The Ends of Four Big Inflations Chapter Author: Thomas J. Sargent Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11452 Chapter pages in book: (p. 41 - 98) The Ends of Four Big Inflations Thomas J. Sargent 2.1 Introduction Since the middle 1960s, many Western economies have experienced persistent and growing rates of inflation. Some prominent economists and statesmen have become convinced that this inflation has a stubborn, self-sustaining momentum and that either it simply is not susceptible to cure by conventional measures of monetary and fiscal restraint or, in terms of the consequent widespread and sustained unemployment, the cost of eradicating inflation by monetary and fiscal measures would be prohibitively high. It is often claimed that there is an underlying rate of inflation which responds slowly, if at all, to restrictive monetary and fiscal measures.1 Evidently, this underlying rate of inflation is the rate of inflation that firms and workers have come to expect will prevail in the future. There is momentum in this process because firms and workers supposedly form their expectations by extrapolating past rates of inflation into the future. If this is true, the years from the middle 1960s to the early 1980s have left firms and workers with a legacy of high expected rates of inflation which promise to respond only slowly, if at all, to restrictive monetary and fiscal policy actions. -
Hungary IONAL B at an RN K E F T O Health Care Systems in Transition N R I I WORLD BANK
European Observatory on Health Care Systems Hungary IONAL B AT AN RN K E F T O Health Care Systems in Transition N R I I WORLD BANK PLVS VLTR R E T C N O E N M S P T R O U L C E T EV ION AND D The European Observatory on Health Care Systems is a partnership between the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, the Government of Norway, the Government of Spain, the European Investment Bank, the World Bank, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Health Care Systems in Transition Hungary 1999 Hungary II European Observatory on Health Care Systems AMS 5001891 (HUN) CARE 04 01 02 Target 19 1999 (R) Target 19 – RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE FOR HEALTH By the year 2005, all Member States should have health research, information and communication systems that better support the acquisition, effective utilization, and dissemination of knowledge to support health for all. By the year 2005, all Member States should have health research, information and communication systems that better support the acquisition, effective utilization, and dissemination of knowledge to support health for all. Keywords DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE EVALUATION STUDIES FINANCING, HEALTH HEALTH CARE REFORM HEALTH SYSTEM PLANS – organization and administration HUNGARY ISSN 1020-9077 ©European Observatory on Health Care Systems 1999 This document may be freely reviewed or abstracted, but not for commercial purposes. For rights of reproduction, in part or in whole, application should be made to the Secretariat of the European Observatory on Health Care Systems, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Scherfigsvej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. -
IN SEARCH of NEW OPPORTUNITIES Circular Migration Between Belarus and Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic – State of Play and Prospects for Cooperation
IN SEARCH OF NEW OPPORTUNITIES Circular migration between Belarus and Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic – state of play and prospects for cooperation Edited by Agnieszka Kulesa and Piotr Kaźmierkiewicz With contributions from Ivan Lichner, Šárka Prát, Marek Radvanský and Andrei Yeliseyeu © CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research, Warsaw 2021 Graphic design: Differ Designs Tomasz Mostowski ISBN: 978-83-7178-705-8 (print), 978-83-7178-706-5 (online) Publisher CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research Al. Jana Pawła II 61/212 01-031 Warsaw Poland tel. +48 222 062 900 [email protected] www.case-research.eu This publication was developed in the frame of the project “CIRCMIGR: Improving circular migration between Belarus and Poland, Slovakia and Czechia” (Standard Grant Agreement no. 21930098) co-fi- nanced by the Governments of Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia through Visegrad Grants from International Visegrad Fund. The mission of the fund is to advance ideas for sustainable regional cooperation in Central Europe. Partners IN SEARCH OF NEW OPPORTUNITIES Circular migration between Belarus and Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic – state of play and prospects for cooperation Edited by Agnieszka Kulesa and Piotr Kaźmierkiewicz With contributions from Ivan Lichner, Šárka Prát, Marek Radvanský and Andrei Yeliseyeu CASE CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research is an independent, non-profit research institute founded on the idea that research-based policy-making is vital for the economic welfare of societies. Established in Warsaw in 1991, CASE today is recognized as the top think tank in Central and Eastern Europe and is one of the most highly regarded think tanks internationally. -
Social Impact of Emigration and Rural-Urban Migration in Central and Eastern Europe
On behalf of the European Commission DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Social Impact of Emigration and Rural-Urban Migration in Central and Eastern Europe Final Country Report Hungary April 2012 Authors: Fruzsina Albert Ágnes Hárs Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission may be held responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this publication. Social Impact of Emigration and Rural-Urban Migration in Central and Eastern Europe VT/2010/001 Table of Contents 1. Socio-Economic and Political Overview ............................................................................. 3 2. Main emigration and internal migration trends and patterns ............................................... 5 2.1. Main emigration trends ............................................................................................... 5 2.2. Main internal migration trends ..................................................................................... 7 2.3. Main characteristics of migrants .................................................................................10 3. Nation-wide labour market and social development trends under the influence of emigration ........................................................................................................................13 3.1. Economic and labour market developments ..............................................................13 3.2. Social security ...........................................................................................................16 -
EU Gender Mainstreaming Policy in Hungarian Rural Development
Room for Growth: EU Gender Mainstreaming Policy in Hungarian Rural Development by Allison Beresford B.A. in English and Comparative Literary Studies, May 2009, Occidental College A Thesis submitted to The Faculty of The Elliott School of International Affairs of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts May 17, 2015 Thesis directed by Sharon L. Wolchik Professor of Political Science and International Affairs © Copyright 2015 by Allison Beresford All rights reserved ii Dedication To Addie, whose love will always fill my heart. iii Acknowledgements It took a team of people, and arguably, the influence of a few generations to write this thesis. I will start by thanking those who most directly provided me with the tools to become a better researcher and critical thinker. Well before I had even chosen a research topic, actually even before I had enrolled in graduate school, I knew I wanted to work with Dr. Sharon L. Wolchik. Not only has her expertise in gender and post-communist states contributed immensely to my own research, but her constant support and kind words of encouragement always provided me with much-needed reassurance. I owe my Reader, Dr. Jane M. Henrici, my deepest gratitude. In my first semester of graduate school, she inspired this topic and patiently read through early, very rough proposals. Not only did her instruction shape me into a much more astute and sensitive researcher, her constant encouragement helped me to believe in myself. I was fortunate to have the ideal combination of readers for this thesis. -
Temporary and Circular Migration: the Egyption Case
TEMPORARY AND CIRCULAR MIGRATION: THE EGYPTION CASE Heba Nassar CARIM Analytic and Synthetic Notes 2008/09 Circular Migration Series Demographic and Economic Module Cooperation project on the social integration of immigrants, migration, and the movement of persons (CARIM) Co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union (AENEAS Programme) CARIM Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration Analytic and Synthetic Notes – Circular Migration Series Demographic and Economic Module CARIM-AS 2008/09 Temporary and Circular Migration: The Egyptian Case Heba Nassar Professor of Economics and Head of the Economic Department, Cairo University This publication is part of a series of papers on Circular Migration written in the framework of the CARIM project, and presented at two meetings organised by CARIM in Florence: The Role of Circular Migration in the Euro-Mediterranean Area (17 - 19 October 2007), and Circular Migration: Experiences, Opportunities and Constraints for Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries (28 - 29 January 2008). Please follow this link to access all papers on Circular Migration: www.carim.org/circularmigration © 2008, European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. Requests should be addressed to [email protected] If cited or quoted, reference should be made as follows: [Full name of the author(s)], [title], CARIM AS [series number], Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI):European University Institute, [year of publication]. -
Cirkulär Migration
Mapping circular migration Linus Garp Statistics Sweden International Forum on Migration Statistics, Paris, 15-16 January 2018 facebook.com/statistiskacentralbyranscb @SCB_nyheter statistiska_centralbyran_scb www.linkedin.com/company/scb Introduction Who is a circular migrant? From internal to international migration Today Multiple migrations between the country of origin and other countries . Global Commission on International Migration (2005) . Win-Win-Win Advantages for: Country of destination – labour need relief and increase economic production Country of origin – unemployment relief and financial and human capital The migrant – increased income and development of their human capital Introduction . Studies in Sweden . Committee for circular migration and development (CIMU) . International mobility should be encouraged . Improve statistics . Mapping migration statistics . No focus on circular migration . Remittance statistics are inadequate 3 Definition Statistics Sweden's definition of circular migration Proposal from UNECE the Task Force on Measuring Circular Migration “ a circular migrant is a person who has crossed the national borders of the reporting country at least 3 times over the past 10 years, each time with duration of stay (abroad or in the country) of at least 12 months.” Available data material . Historic population register . Based on Total Population Register (TPR) . Annual population data since 1969 . Demographic events . Births, deaths, immigration, emigration, etc. Migration register Who is in… • All migrants and their migrations • At least 1 migration • No limit on duration of stay • From 1969 to the end of the period … and who is not? • Short‐term migrants and their migrations • Migrations by asylum-seekers • Not registered migrations Globalization has made its mark . Number of circular migration by continent of birth and year Most migrations are not circular . -
The National Strategy on Migration and Action Plan 2019
2019 2019 2022 - ON MIGRATION AND ACTION PLAN ACTION AND MIGRATION ON STRATEGJIA KOMBËTARE THE NATIONAL STRATEGY STRATEGY NATIONAL THE PËR MIGRACIONIN DHE PLANI I VEPRIMIT 2019 - 2022 THE NATIONAL STRATEGY ON MIGRATION AND ACTION PLAN 2019 - 2022 The opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the document do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in the meeting of operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. ______________________ Translation and printing of this document was made possible through the support provided by IOM Albania under the project “Supporting the Development of a Migration Policy in Albania” funded by the IOM Development Fund (IDF). Publisher: International Organization for Migration – Mission in Albania Rruga Brigada VIII, P. LID Kati III, Ap. 303 Tirana, Albania Tel.: +355 42257836-7 Fax: +355 4225 7835 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.albania.iom.int This publication has been issued without formal editing by IOM. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 PART I. STRATEGIC CONTEXT 7 Introduction and purpose of the strategy 7 Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework, Achievements, Challenges and Lessons 12 Learned PART II. -
The Impact of Circular Migration on Source Countries a Simulation Exercise
The impact of circular migration on source countries A simulation exercise Massimiliano Calì 1 Nicola Cantore Overseas Development Institute November 2010 Abstract Circular migration schemes are often thought of having the capacity to deliver the benefits of migration for source countries while accommodating the labour needs of receiving countries, without hurting the political sensitivities in those countries. Despite this, quantifications of the overall effects of such type of migration on home countries are scant. We use a global integrated assessment model in order to provide some quantification of the possible effects of different types of circular migration patterns and compare them with traditional permanent migration. We focus on the multiple channels through which migration may affect development outcomes in home countries and calibrate the model following recent empirical evidence on such effects in order to capture these effects. Our results suggest that migration (whether permanent or temporary) is generally beneficial for income per capita as well as poverty reduction in the home countries as it raises remittances, labour productivity, trade and foreign direct investment as well as provides incentives for human capital accumulation. These channels are likely to easily offset the negative impact on the skills’ base (‘brain drain’). In the simulations for four countries (Sierra Leone, Ghana, Vietnam and Moldova) circular migration programmes yield better outcomes than permanent migration due to the productivity gains induced in the home countries by returning migrants. 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] 1. Introduction There is convincing evidence that migration can be a powerful pro-development tool mainly as it directly increases the incomes of the migrants (who remain citizens of the source country even after migrating).