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Aerosol, Cloud, Ecosystems (ACE) Final Study Report NASA/TP–20205007337 Aerosol, Cloud, Ecosystems (ACE) Final Study Report Arlindo M. da Silva, Hal Maring, Felix Seidel, Michael Behrenfeld, Richard Ferrare, and Gerald Mace September 2020 NASA STI Program ... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. to the advancement of aeronautics and space Collected papers from scientific and science. The NASA scientific and technical technical conferences, symposia, seminars, information (STI) program plays a key part in or other meetings sponsored or helping NASA maintain this important role. co-sponsored by NASA. The NASA STI program operates under the SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, auspices of the Agency Chief Information Officer. technical, or historical information from It collects, organizes, provides for archiving, and NASA programs, projects, and missions, disseminates NASA’s STI. The NASA STI often concerned with subjects having program provides access to the NTRS Registered substantial public interest. and its public interface, the NASA Technical Reports Server, thus providing one of the largest TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. collections of aeronautical and space science STI English-language translations of foreign in the world. Results are published in both non- scientific and technical material pertinent to NASA channels and by NASA in the NASA STI NASA’s mission. Report Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services also include organizing and publishing research results, distributing TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of specialized research announcements and completed research or a major significant feeds, providing information desk and personal phase of research that present the results of search support, and enabling data exchange NASA Programs and include extensive data services. or theoretical analysis. Includes compila- tions of significant scientific and technical For more information about the NASA STI data and information deemed to be of program, see the following: continuing reference value. NASA counter- part of peer-reviewed formal professional Access the NASA STI program home page papers but has less stringent limitations on at http://www.sti.nasa.gov manuscript length and extent of graphic presentations. E-mail your question to [email protected] TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Phone the NASA STI Information Desk at Scientific and technical findings that are 757-864-9658 preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, working Write to: papers, and bibliographies that contain NASA STI Information Desk minimal annotation. Does not contain Mail Stop 148 extensive analysis. NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681-2199 CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and technical findings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees. NASA/TP–20205007337 Aerosol, Cloud, Ecosystems (ACE) Final Study Report Arlindo M. da Silva NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland Hal Maring NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC Felix Seidel NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC Michael Behrenfeld Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon Richard Ferrare NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA Gerald Mace University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 September 2020 Notice for Copyrighted Information This manuscript is a joint work of employees of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and employees of Oregon State University and University of Utah. The United States Government has a non-exclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license to prepare derivative works, publish, or reproduce this manuscript, and allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. Any publisher accepting this manuscript for publication acknowledges that the United States Government retains such a license in any published form of this manuscript. All other rights are retained by the copyright owner. Trade names and trademarks are used in this report for identification only. Their usage does not constitute an official endorsement, either expressed or implied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Level of Review: This material has been technically reviewed by technical management. Available from NASA STI Program National Technical Information Mail Stop 148 Service 5285 Port Royal Road NASA’s Langley Research Springfield, VA 22161 Center Hampton, VA 703-605-6000 23681-2199 Aerosol, Cloud, Ecosystems (ACE) Final Study Report ACE Science Study Team Arlindo M. da Silva, Hal Maring, Felix Seidel Michael Behrenfeld, Richard Ferrare, and Gerald Mace with contributions from Robert Swap, Brian Cairns, David Diner, Lisa Callahan, Chris Hostetler, Ralph Kahn, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Roj Marchand, J. Vanderlei Martins, David Starr, Matthew McGill, Derek J. Posselt, Simone Tanelli, Nicholas Meskhidze, John E. Yorks, Gerard van Harten, and Feng Xu September, 2020 1 ACE Key Personnel and Affiliations Sub-Teams Name Affiliation Sub-Teams Name Affiliation Management HQ Maring, Hal NASA HQ Clouds Felix Seidel NASA HQ Theory Jensen, Eric NASA ARC Bontempi, Paula NASA HQ Modeler Stephens, Graeme NASA JPL Turner, Woody NASA HQ Feingold, Graham NOAA/ESRL Neeck, Steve NASA HQ Wu, Dong NASA GSFC Science Lead da Silva, Arlindo NASA GSFC Marchand, Roger Univ Wash Starr, David NASA GSFC Fridlind, Ann NASA GISS Wu, Dong NASA GSFC Jackson, Gail NASA GSFC (now HQ) Coordinator Vane, Deb NASA JPL Hou, Arthur NASA GSFC ESTO Famiglietti, Joseph NASA GSFC (ret.) Retrievals Ackerman, Steve Univ Wisc Ocean Biogeochemistry Feng Xu NASA JPL Theory/ Behrenfeld, Mike Oregon State Platnick, Steve NASA GSFC Modeler Boss, Emmanuel Univ Maine Mace, Jay Univ UT Follows, Mick MIT Haddad, Ziad NASA JPL Siegel, Dave UCSB Radar Im, Eastwood NASA JPL Retrievals Ahmad, Zia NASA GSFC Heymsfield, Gerry NASA GSFC Wang, Menghua NOAA/NESDIS Racette, Paul NASA GSFC Gordon, Howard Univ Miami Durden, Steve NASA JPL Arnone, Bob NRL Tanelli, Simone NASA JPL Frouin, Robert Scripps OES Smith, Jay NASA GSFC Aerosols Waluschka, Gene NASA GSFC Theory/ Ferrare, Rich NASA LaRC Wilson, Mark NASA GSFC Modeler Colarco, Pete NASA GSFC Kotecki, Carl NASA GSFC Toon, Brian Univ CO Meister, Gerhard NASA GSFC Reid, Jeff NRL Holmes, Alan NASA GSFC Retrievals Remer, Lorraine NASA GSFC Brown, Steve NASA GSFC Mishchenko, Michael NASA GISS Cal/Val Hooker, Stan NASA GSFC Kahn, Ralph NASA GSFC Maritorena, Stephane UCSB Hu, Yong NASA GSFC Nelson, Norm UCSB Polarimeter/ Diner, David NASA JPL Stramski, Dariuz Scripps Imager Martins, Vanderlei UMBC Halsey, Kimberly Oregon State Cairns, Brian NASA GISS Radiation Lidar Yorks, John NASA GSFC Loeb, Norm NASA LaRC Hostetler, Chris NASA LaRC Kato, Sejii NASA LaRC McGill, Matt NASA GSFC Pilewskie, Peter Univ CO Welton, Judd NASA GSFC Mission Design Winker, David NASA LaRC Callahan, Lisa NASA GSFC Hair, John NASA LaRC Ellis, Armin NASA JPL Cal/Val Starr, David NASA GSFC Global Modeler Redemann, Jens NASA ARC Ghan, Steve PNNL Knobelspiesse, Kirk NASA GSFC Aerosol/Ocean Science Saltzman, Eric UC Irvine Mahowald, Natalie Cornell Univ Gasso, Santiago NASA GSFC Meskhidze, Nicholas NC State Gao, Yuan Rutgers Univ List of main contributors to the ACE Science Study effort since 2009. 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Scientific Merit and Continued Relevance of the Mission ........................................................................ 7 The Goals of ACE ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 Expected Benefits of ACE .................................................................................................................................... 10 Contribution to long-term Earth Observational Record ........................................................................ 12 Synergies with Existing and Planned Observational Systems ............................................................ 12 Technical Readiness and Key Risks and Risk Reductions ..................................................................... 12 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 15 2 Mission Science Objectives and Measurement Requirements ................................. 18 2.1 Aerosols ............................................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Clouds ................................................................................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Summary ............................................................................................................................................................. 31 2.3 Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry ...................................................................................................... 34 2.4 Aerosol-Ocean ................................................................................................................................................... 38 Summary and Recommendations ...................................................................................................................
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