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Integrated Ticketing in Scotland - Needs Analysis and Options arch Series arch Transport Rese Transport Research Planning Group INTEGRATED TICKETING IN SCOTLAND NEEDS ANALYSIS AND OPTIONS TNS Social Research, TRLand TRi Scottish Executive Social Research 2004 This report is available on the Scottish Executive Social Research website only www.scotland.gov.uk/socialresearch. The views expressed in this report are those of the researchers and do not necessarily represent those of the Department or Scottish Ministers. © Crown Copyright 2004 Limited extracts from the text may be produced provided the source is acknowledged. For more extensive reproduction, please write to the Chief Researcher at Office of Chief Researcher, 4th Floor West Rear, St Andrew’s House, Edinburgh EH1 3DG Scottish Executive Research Report Integrated Ticketing Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION...........................................4 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ............................................................................................................4 RESEARCH AIMS ............................................................................................................................................5 METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................................................5 REPORT STRUCTURE ..............................................................................................................................6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................8 CHAPTER SUMMARY..............................................................................................................................8 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................9 TYPES OF INTEGRATED SCHEME ......................................................................................................11 MODAL DIFFERENCES..........................................................................................................................12 AREA.........................................................................................................................................................15 TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................16 WIN-WIN POTENTIAL .................................................................................................................................22 EFFECTS ON PATRONAGE ...................................................................................................................24 SERVICE DEVELOPMENT.....................................................................................................................27 REVENUE.................................................................................................................................................29 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................33 RELATED POLICIES ...............................................................................................................................34 POSSIBLE BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION ..................................................................................37 OVERALL SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL BENEFITS.....................................................................................44 SUMMARY OF EXAMPLES OF EXISTING INTEGRATED TICKETING SCHEMES ......................46 KEY POINTS AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................47 CHAPTER 3: CURRENT TICKET AVAILABILITY AND STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS..................................................................................................................49 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................49 DEFINITION OF AN INTEGRATED TICKET......................................................................................................49 INTEGRATED TICKET MODES ......................................................................................................................50 OTHER TICKET CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................................52 TICKET PURPOSE AND MARKETS .................................................................................................................54 SCHEME ADMINISTRATION ..........................................................................................................................55 BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................................56 BUSINESS CASE...........................................................................................................................................57 INTEGRATED TICKET SCHEMES...................................................................................................................58 KEY POINTS AND CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................................................59 1 Scottish Executive Research Report Integrated Ticketing CHAPTER 4: CASE STUDIES AND SCHEME PERCEPTION.............................61 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................61 NETWORK TICKETING TYNE AND WEAR NETWORK TRAVELTICKET ..........................................................61 GMPTE TRAVELCARD ...............................................................................................................................63 SPT ZONECARD ..........................................................................................................................................65 SCOTRAIL/CALMAC FREEDOM OF SCOTLAND TRAVELPASS ......................................................................69 OFT & LONDON OYSTER CARD..........................................................................................................70 OYSTER CARD ............................................................................................................................................70 OFFICE OF FAIR TRADING ...........................................................................................................................73 IMPLICATIONS OF CASE STUDIES FOR FUTURE INTEGRATED TICKETING SCHEMES IN SCOTLAND ..............................................................................................................................................75 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .....................................................................................................................79 CHAPTER 5: BARRIERS AND SOLUTIONS ..........................................................81 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................81 PERCEPTIONS OF BARRIERS .........................................................................................................................81 BUY-IN AND SCHEME MANAGEMENT...........................................................................................................82 REVENUE ALLOCATION ...............................................................................................................................84 OFT REGULATIONS ....................................................................................................................................88 PRICING ......................................................................................................................................................92 MARKETING................................................................................................................................................94 INCLUSION OF RAIL SERVICES IN INTEGRATED TICKETING SCHEMES ...........................................................95 PASSENGER PERCEPTIONS ...........................................................................................................................96 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................................................................97 CHAPTER 6: POTENTIAL TAKE-UP AND IMPACT OF INTEGRATED TICKETING IN SCOTLAND: SURVEY FINDINGS..................................................99 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................99 CURRENT TRAVEL PATTERNS ....................................................................................................................101 CURRENT USE OF AND ATTITUDES TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT ........................................................................106 AWARENESS OF INTEGRATED TICKETS AND OTHER SCHEMES ...................................................................116 POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR INTEGRATED TICKETS .......................................................................................118