Number, Newtonianism, and Sublimity in James Thomson's <Em>The
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Newton.Indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 14:45 | Pag
omslag Newton.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 14:45 | Pag. 1 e Dutch Republic proved ‘A new light on several to be extremely receptive to major gures involved in the groundbreaking ideas of Newton Isaac Newton (–). the reception of Newton’s Dutch scholars such as Willem work.’ and the Netherlands Jacob ’s Gravesande and Petrus Prof. Bert Theunissen, Newton the Netherlands and van Musschenbroek played a Utrecht University crucial role in the adaption and How Isaac Newton was Fashioned dissemination of Newton’s work, ‘is book provides an in the Dutch Republic not only in the Netherlands important contribution to but also in the rest of Europe. EDITED BY ERIC JORINK In the course of the eighteenth the study of the European AND AD MAAS century, Newton’s ideas (in Enlightenment with new dierent guises and interpre- insights in the circulation tations) became a veritable hype in Dutch society. In Newton of knowledge.’ and the Netherlands Newton’s Prof. Frans van Lunteren, sudden success is analyzed in Leiden University great depth and put into a new perspective. Ad Maas is curator at the Museum Boerhaave, Leiden, the Netherlands. Eric Jorink is researcher at the Huygens Institute for Netherlands History (Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences). / www.lup.nl LUP Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. 1 Newton and the Netherlands Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. 2 Newton and the Netherlands.indd | Sander Pinkse Boekproductie | 16-11-12 / 16:47 | Pag. -
Newton's Mathematical Physics
Isaac Newton A new era in science Waseda University, SILS, Introduction to History and Philosophy of Science LE201, History and Philosophy of Science Newton . Newton’s Legacy Newton brought to a close the astronomical revolution begun by Copernicus. He combined the dynamic research of Galileo with the astronomical work of Kepler. He produced an entirely new cosmology and a new way of thinking about the world, based on the interaction between matter and mathematically determinate forces. He joined the mathematical and experimental methods: the hypothetico-deductive method. His work became the model for rational mechanics as it was later practiced by mathematicians, particularly during the Enlightenment. LE201, History and Philosophy of Science Newton . William Blake’s Newton (1795) LE201, History and Philosophy of Science Newton LE201, History and Philosophy of Science Newton . Newton’s De Motu coporum in gyrum Edmond Halley (of the comet) visited Cambridge in 1684 and 1 talked with Newton about inverse-square forces (F 9 d2 ). Newton stated that he has already shown that inverse-square force implied an ellipse, but could not find the documents. Later he rewrote this into a short document called De Motu coporum in gyrum, and sent it to Halley. Halley was excited and asked for a full treatment of the subject. Two years later Newton sent Book I of The Mathematical Principals of Natural Philosophy (Principia). Key Point The goal of this project was to derive the orbits of bodies from a simpler set of assumptions about motion. That is, it sought to explain Kepler’s Laws with a simpler set of laws. -
Reposs #19: Newtonianism in the Scandinavian Countries, 1690–1790
RePoSS: Research Publications on Science Studies RePoSS #19: Newtonianism in the Scandinavian Countries, 1690–1790 Helge Kragh August 2012 Centre for Science Studies, University of Aarhus, Denmark Research group: History and philosophy of science Please cite this work as: Helge Kragh (Aug. 2012). Newtonianism in the Scandinavian Countries, 1690–1790. RePoSS: Research Publications on Sci- ence Studies 19. Aarhus: Centre for Science Studies, University of Aarhus. url: http://www.css.au.dk/reposs. Copyright c Helge Kragh, 2012 1 Newtonianism in the Scandinavian Countries, 1690-1790 HELGE KRAGH 1 Introduction In the present context, the Scandinavian countries refer to two national or administrative units, the one being Denmark and the other Sweden. In the period here considered, largely the century from 1690 to 1790, ‘Denmark’ means really Denmark-Norway, for until 1814 Norway was part of the double monarchy ruled by the king and his government in Copenhagen. It should also be kept in mind that parts of what is today Germany, namely Schleswig-Holstein, belonged to the kingdom. However, as far as language and culture were concerned, these parts of southern Denmark were more German than Danish, and they played no important role in the scientific life of the kingdom. Sweden covered a much larger geographical area than it does today. The country had expanded greatly during the seventeenth century, when not only Finland but also parts of the Baltic area and northern Germany came under Swedish rule. About 1720, after the Great Northern War, Sweden lost most of its possessions, but the major part of Finland remained as part of the country until Centre for Science Studies, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Denmark. -
Newtonianism and the Physics of Du Châtelet's Institutions De Physique
To appear in: Collected Wisdom of the Early Modern Scholar: Essays in Honor of Mordechai Feingold, eds. Anna Marie Roos and Gideon Manning. Newtonianism and the physics of Du Châtelet’s Institutions de physique Marius Stan This paper is about two things that cross paths. One is the many senses of the category ‘Newtonian,’ and their uses for exegesis. The other is the phys- ics that Emilie du Châtelet grounded philosophically around 1740 in her book, Institutions de physique. I offer it as a tribute to Moti Feingold’s mag- isterial work on how the century after Newton responded to his science. I begin with some context. Many have described Institutions as a work of Leibnizian foundations for Newtonian science. An inspiring image, no doubt, but is it accurate? I argue here that it is not: little physics in her book is really Newtonian. Most of her physics is from figures before Newton; and even when she includes his results, du Châtelet filters them through demonstrably un-Newtonian ideas. So, we must abandon the conventional wisdom about her science.1 1 In the 20th century, the dominant view became that Institutions is concerned with “merg- ing Leibnizianism and Newtonianism”; is a “marriage between Leibnizian metaphysics and Newtonian science”; is an “introduction to Newtonian physics” attesting du Châtelet’s conversion to “Leibnizian metaphysics”; mediates “between Leibniz and Newton”; is a landmark document in the “history of French Newtonianism” and yet “framed according to Leibnizian principles.” Allegedly it is a “fusion of Newton, Descartes, and Leibniz,” and it synthesizes “Newtonian physics” and “Leibnizian metaphysics.” So pervasive is it that it has seeped into the broader consciousness of Anglophone academia. -
Science and Belief from the Copernicans to the Creationists and the Way Ahead
Science and belief from the Copernicans to the Creationists and the way ahead Course Number: HIST/INDS 550 Institution: Regent College Instructors: Dr. David Livingstone and Dr. Mark Noll Course Description This course examines critical historical episodes in the interaction between Christianity and science from the sixteenth century to the present. A major goal is to show how deeply embedded in specific cultural situations are all “encounters” between Christianity and science. A second goal is to subvert the notion that talking about “creation” and “evolution” was or ever can be a simple matter. A third goal is to suggest Christian strategies for a more fruitful interchange between science and faith. From this course, students should take away both enriched historical understanding and better theological balance for approaching critical questions relating science and Christianity. Class Outline Mon, July 17: I. Introduction II. Telling the Story of Science and Christianity Tues, July 18: III. The Copernican "Revolution" IV. The Reformation and Science Wed, July 19: V. The Puritans and Science VI. Newton and the Mechanistic World Picture Thurs, July 20: VII. Enlightenment and the Human Sciences VIII. Enlightenment, Science, and Christianity in North America Fri, July 21: IX. Pre-Darwinian, Early-Victorian Science X. The 1830s as a crucial decade for science, theology, and society Mon, July 24: XI. Darwin the man XII. Evolutionary Theories in the Late 19th Century Tues, July 25: XIII. Christian Scientists Encounter Evolution XIV. Theological Evaluations of Darwin and Darwinism Wed, July 26: XV. Creationism in the Context of American Religious History XVI. Interpreting the New Creationism Thurs, July 27: XVII. -
Of Gods and Kings: Natural Philosophy and Politics in the Leibniz-Clarke Disputes Steven Shapin Isis, Vol. 72, No. 2. (Jun., 1981), Pp
Of Gods and Kings: Natural Philosophy and Politics in the Leibniz-Clarke Disputes Steven Shapin Isis, Vol. 72, No. 2. (Jun., 1981), pp. 187-215. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-1753%28198106%2972%3A2%3C187%3AOGAKNP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C Isis is currently published by The University of Chicago Press. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/ucpress.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Mon Aug 20 10:29:37 2007 Of Gods and Kings: Natural Philosophy and Politics in the Leibniz-Clarke Disputes By Steven Shapin* FTER TWO AND A HALF CENTURIES the Newton-Leibniz disputes A continue to inflame the passions. -
The Self-Fashioning of French Newtonianism J
Metascience DOI 10.1007/s11016-010-9511-3 BOOK REVIEW The self-fashioning of French Newtonianism J. B. Shank: The Newton Wars and the beginning of the French Enlightenment. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2008, xv+571pp, $55.00 HB Charles T. Wolfe • David Gilad Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 J. B. Shank has written a major cultural history of Newtonianism in the French Enlightenment—or rather a study of how Newtonianism was constructed to serve the purposes of the ‘‘self-fashioning’’ of various key figures in the French Enlightenment. As straight history of ideas, it can be read as providing a French counterpart to works such as John Gascoigne’s masterful (1989) study of science and religion at Cambridge, or as a more detailed, more culturally and rhetorically sophisticated book-length extension of analyses such as Robert Schofield’s ‘‘taxonomy of eighteenth-century Newtonianisms’’ (Schofield 1978). But Shank is also interested in a different approach, a different form of analysis, which in fact challenges ‘‘the classic narrative produced by the Enlightenment philosophes’’ (21). He uses lots of language that harks back to the heyday of theory in the humanities— the book is ‘‘a critical genealogy of beginnings,’’ a ‘‘postmodern,’’ ‘‘post- Enlightenment’’ history of an event—but in fact very little of this really has an impact on the detailed analyses produced over the next four hundred and fifty pages. Brunet’s (1931) book on the introduction of Newton’s theories into France in the early eighteenth century, -
CALCULUS for the UTTERLY CONFUSED Has Proven to Be a Wonderful Review Enabling Me to Move Forward in Application of Calculus and Advanced Topics in Mathematics
TLFeBOOK WHAT READERS ARE SAYIN6 "I wish I had had this book when I needed it most, which was during my pre-med classes. It could have also been a great tool for me in a few medical school courses." Or. Kellie Aosley8 Recent Hedical school &a&ate "CALCULUS FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED has proven to be a wonderful review enabling me to move forward in application of calculus and advanced topics in mathematics. I found it easy to use and great as a reference for those darker aspects of calculus. I' Aaron Ladeville, Ekyiheeriky Student 'I1 am so thankful for CALCULUS FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED! I started out Clueless but ended with an All' Erika Dickstein8 0usihess school Student "As a non-traditional student one thing I have learned is the importance of material supplementary to texts. Especially in calculus it helps to have a second source, especially one as lucid and fun to read as CALCULUS FOR THE UTTERtY CONFUSED. Anyone, whether you are a math weenie or not, will get something out of this book. With this book, your chances of survival in the calculus jungle are greatly increased.'I Brad &3~ker,Physics Student Other books in the Utterly Conhrsed Series include: Financial Planning for the Utterly Confrcsed, Fifth Edition Job Hunting for the Utterly Confrcred Physics for the Utterly Confrred CALCULUS FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED Robert M. Oman Daniel M. Oman McGraw -Hill New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogoth Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Oman, Robert M. -
Impeller Power Draw Across the Full Reynolds Number
IMPELLER POWER DRAW ACROSS THE FULL REYNOLDS NUMBER SPECTRUM Thesis Submitted to The School of Engineering of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in Chemical Engineering By Zheng Ma Dayton, OH August, 2014 IMPELLER POWER DRAW ACROSS THE FULL REYNOLDS NUMBER SPECTRUM Name: Ma, Zheng APPROVED BY: ______________________ ________________________ Kevin J. Myers, D.Sc., P.E. Eric E. Janz, P.E. Advisory Committee Chairman Research Advisor Research Advisor & Professor Chemineer Research & Chemical & Materials Engineering Development Manager NOV-Process & Flow Technologies ________________________ Robert J. Wilkens, Ph.D., P.E. Committee Member & Professor Chemical & Materials Engineering _______________________ ___________________________ John G. Weber, Ph.D. Eddy M. Rojas, Ph.D., M.A., P.E. Associate Dean Dean, School of Engineering School of Engineering ii ABSTRACT IMPELLER POWER DRAW ACROSS THE FULL REYNOLDS NUMBER SPECTRUM Name: Ma, Zheng University of Dayton Research Advisors: Dr. Kevin J. Myers Eric E. Janz The objective of this work is to gain information that could be used to design full scale mixing systems, and also could develop a design guide that can provide a reliable prediction of the power draw of different types of impellers. To achieve this goal, the power number behavior,including three operation regimes, the limits of the operation regimes, and the effect of baffling on power number,was compared across the full Reynolds number spectrum for Newtonian fluids in a laboratory-scale agitator. Six industrially significant impellers were tested, including three radial flow impellers: D-6, CD-6, and S-4, and also three axial flow impellers: P-4, SC-3, and HE-3. -
Dimensional Analysis and Modeling
cen72367_ch07.qxd 10/29/04 2:27 PM Page 269 CHAPTER DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS 7 AND MODELING n this chapter, we first review the concepts of dimensions and units. We then review the fundamental principle of dimensional homogeneity, and OBJECTIVES Ishow how it is applied to equations in order to nondimensionalize them When you finish reading this chapter, you and to identify dimensionless groups. We discuss the concept of similarity should be able to between a model and a prototype. We also describe a powerful tool for engi- I Develop a better understanding neers and scientists called dimensional analysis, in which the combination of dimensions, units, and of dimensional variables, nondimensional variables, and dimensional con- dimensional homogeneity of equations stants into nondimensional parameters reduces the number of necessary I Understand the numerous independent parameters in a problem. We present a step-by-step method for benefits of dimensional analysis obtaining these nondimensional parameters, called the method of repeating I Know how to use the method of variables, which is based solely on the dimensions of the variables and con- repeating variables to identify stants. Finally, we apply this technique to several practical problems to illus- nondimensional parameters trate both its utility and its limitations. I Understand the concept of dynamic similarity and how to apply it to experimental modeling 269 cen72367_ch07.qxd 10/29/04 2:27 PM Page 270 270 FLUID MECHANICS Length 7–1 I DIMENSIONS AND UNITS 3.2 cm A dimension is a measure of a physical quantity (without numerical val- ues), while a unit is a way to assign a number to that dimension. -
The Newtonian Epoch in the American Colonies (1680-1783) by Fkedeeick E
314 American Antiquarian Society [Oct., THE NEWTONIAN EPOCH IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES (1680-1783) BY FKEDEEICK E. BRASCH ISTORY in its constant recording of events of H human experience moves on steadily and per- sistently. However certain is the course of history, it is nevertheless a varied series of epochs, events, or com- bination of experiences. It is therefore of vital concern from an intellectual point of view that a retrospective and introspective attitude be maintained in order to see how life as it is today has been achieved. From our present position in the course of events, we are con- cerned today with one of the great periods of the past movement. It is a small section to be sure, but a most interesting and timely one. Between the years of 1680 and 1720 in English history, under the rule of William III and Queen Anne, a most brilliant and illuminating intellectual life is reported. England virtually assumed undisputed leadership only to share it later, first with France and then with Germany. In this period England gave to history her best, both in science and philosophy. The accumulated wisdom of the ages seems to have been concentrated in the lives and works of two undis- putedly brilliant minds, Isaac Newton and John Locke. Theirs are beyond question the outstanding names in that epoch, which followed the discoveries and the liberations of the Renaissance and the Reform- ation, and preceded the great mathematical, physical and philosophical discoveries of today. In one sense Newton and Locke were systematizers of ideas which were prevalent. -
Birds and Frogs Equation
Notices of the American Mathematical Society ISSN 0002-9920 ABCD springer.com New and Noteworthy from Springer Quadratic Diophantine Multiscale Principles of Equations Finite Harmonic of the American Mathematical Society T. Andreescu, University of Texas at Element Analysis February 2009 Volume 56, Number 2 Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; D. Andrica, Methods A. Deitmar, University Cluj-Napoca, Romania Theory and University of This text treats the classical theory of Applications Tübingen, quadratic diophantine equations and Germany; guides readers through the last two Y. Efendiev, Texas S. Echterhoff, decades of computational techniques A & M University, University of and progress in the area. The presenta- College Station, Texas, USA; T. Y. Hou, Münster, Germany California Institute of Technology, tion features two basic methods to This gently-paced book includes a full Pasadena, CA, USA investigate and motivate the study of proof of Pontryagin Duality and the quadratic diophantine equations: the This text on the main concepts and Plancherel Theorem. The authors theories of continued fractions and recent advances in multiscale finite emphasize Banach algebras as the quadratic fields. It also discusses Pell’s element methods is written for a broad cleanest way to get many fundamental Birds and Frogs equation. audience. Each chapter contains a results in harmonic analysis. simple introduction, a description of page 212 2009. Approx. 250 p. 20 illus. (Springer proposed methods, and numerical 2009. Approx. 345 p. (Universitext) Monographs in Mathematics) Softcover examples of those methods. Softcover ISBN 978-0-387-35156-8 ISBN 978-0-387-85468-7 $49.95 approx. $59.95 2009. X, 234 p. (Surveys and Tutorials in The Strong Free Will the Applied Mathematical Sciences) Solving Softcover Theorem Introduction to Siegel the Pell Modular Forms and ISBN: 978-0-387-09495-3 $44.95 Equation page 226 Dirichlet Series Intro- M.