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While Most Bronzes Were Found Individually, Some Specific Finds Seem to Have Narrow Dates Around the Time of Cleopatra and Augustus
51 / 140 THE COINAGE SYSTEM OF CLEOPATRA VII, MARC ANTONY AND AUGUSTUS IN CYPRUS While most bronzes were found individually, some specific finds seem to have narrow dates around the time of Cleopatra and Augustus. Deposits below later mosaics provide a glimpse of the coinage in circulation during the late Ptolemaic and Augustan times.33 34 Two of the several wells containing coins provide a similar snapshot in time, although with more of the smaller denominations. The largest finds of eighth and quarter-units are in rooms containing sixty-two and ten examples respectively. Each of these finds is listed in the endnotes.35 A chart of the Ptolemaic coins found on page 124 of “Paphos II” modified by the assertions in this book is below. Total Ptolemaic Coins struck in Cyprus found at Paphos II, The House of Dionysos36 Ptol I 3 Ptol II 8 Ptol III 2 Ptol IV 0 (110 “Arsinöe III” Æ9 reattributed from here to Cleopatra VII) Ptol V 1 (3 Thunderbolt / Eagle Æ7 reattributed to Cleopatra VII) Ptol VI-VIII 17 (Most examples included with later kings) Ptol IX 111 (same) Ptol IX to X 190 (same) Ptolemy XII 37 (aphlaston, T & Star, KY∏P obols given to Ptolemy XII) Cleopatra VII 193 33 Bust of Winter from House of Dionysos, Four Seasons mosaic. Room XVI, Four Seasons Mosaic, (sealed deposit) 0.2-0.4 m below the mosaic floor 526 Augustus, Æ18, Plautius, 1/2 AD, 4.6g, hemiobol 429 Cleopatra, Æ25, 6.1g, obol, 2 eagles, Isis headdress 430 -, Æ24, 4.7g, same 472 -, Æ15, 1.7g, hemiobol A coin of Arcadius was found above the mosaic, on the surface. -
University of Copenhagen
The Flavian Isea in Beneventum and Rome The appropriation of Egyptian and Egyptianising Art in imperial Beneventum and Rome Clausen, Kristine Bülow Publication date: 2015 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Clausen, K. B. (2015). The Flavian Isea in Beneventum and Rome: The appropriation of Egyptian and Egyptianising Art in imperial Beneventum and Rome. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 08. Apr. 2020 FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN PhD thesis Kristine Bülow Clausen The Flavian Isea in Beneventum and Rome The appropriation of Egyptian and Egyptianising Art in imperial Beneventum and Rome Academic advisors: Annette Rathje and Jane Fejfer Submitted: 26/08/14 SAXO Institute. Department of Classical Archaeology. Author: Kristine Bülow Clausen. The Flavian Isea in Beneventum and Rome. The appropriation of Egyptian and Egyptianising Art in imperial Beneventum and Rome. Academic advisors: Annette Rathje and Jane Fejfer. Cover: Iseum Campense: Relief fragment with the profile of a male head, SAR, deposito San Macuto. Cleopatra Roma , 2000, 264, IV.48. Submitted: 26.08.2014. Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... 3 The structure .................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. -
Cleopatra, a Life Little, Brown and Company (2010)
µ˙ Book Club Fall 2011 and Spring 2012 Stacy Schiff, Cleopatra, A Life Little, Brown and Company (2010) Pulitzer Prize winning biographer, Stacy Schiff, paints a vivid picture of the luxurious lifestyle of the Queen of the Nile, her twin roles as political leader and goddess, and the nail-biting plots and schemes that defined her world. How to Use this Discussion Guide How to Book an MFAH Book Club Tour Creating bridges between the literary and visual arts—this is To complement your reading and discussion of Stacy what makes the MFAH Book Club unique. All art arises Schiff’s Cleopatra, A Life , tours are available October 16, from the context of its time. The MFAH Book Club uses 2011 through April 15, 2012. These discussion-based, works of art from the collection of the Museum of Fine docent-led tours will feature art works selected from the Arts, Houston (MFAH), and from museums around the MFAH collections that evoke life in antiquity and timeless world, as the hub for a series of questions directly related human themes. to Stacy Schiff’s C leopatra, A Life. To book a tour at a time of your own choosing. Discuss the questions with your book club, or a friend, or Read and discuss the book in your own book club, then just think about them if reading on your own, then bring book your group for a guided tour led by a gallery educator your book and take a guided tour of select works at the at MFAH Book Club. A minimum of 8 people are required. -
The Eighth-Unit the Smallest Common Denomination of Cleopatra VII's
41 / 140 THE COINAGE SYSTEM OF CLEOPATRA VII, MARC ANTONY AND AUGUSTUS IN CYPRUS The Eighth-Unit The smallest common denomination of Cleopatra VII’s rule in Cyprus was the bronze eighth-unit. Under previous reigns, this denomination paired the head of Zeus-Ammon with one eagle on the reverse. The Greek reverse legend reads, “Ptolemy, King.” A symbol before the eagle indicates the time period, but perhaps not the reign. Several symbols mirror those on half-unit coins. Weight of this denomination averages about 2 grams. Some of this type may have been struck during the first years of the reign of Cleopatra. In about 38 BC, new types of this denomination were issued. Types are similar to that of the full-unit. The obverse features the diademed and draped bust of Cleopatra VII as Aphrodite right. Die axis is generally 12:00. The reverse shows a double, or rarely (if ever) a single, cornucopia, bound at the base with a fillet. The Greek legend reads, “Ptolemy, King.” (S7850; Svor. 1160 (double cornucopia); Svor. 1161 (one cornucopia); SNG Cop. 648 (flan with squared edges); SNG Cop. 649 (flan with beveled edges) BMC 3. All these references list the coin as issued by Ptolemy IV, with the portrait of Arsinöe III, his sister and wife, whose portrait appears on some rare gold octadrachms. This small denomination is the most common of the eight denominations struck under Cleopatra VII in Cyprus. Paphos II notes that 13% of all the Ptolemaic Cyprus coins found are this type, making it the most plentiful ancient coin in the region of the capital. -
Introduction to the ROM
100 Queen’s Park 416.586.8000 Toronto, Ontario www.rom.on.ca M5S 2C6 Introduction to the ROM The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) is Canada’s largest museum, of both natural history and world cultures. Opened in 1914, the ROM currently holds six million objects in its collections with over 30 galleries showcasing art, archaeology and natural science. Located in Toronto, Canada’s largest city, it is one of North America's great museums, a research institution of international renown and a leading cultural attraction for the city, province and country. The Royal Ontario Museum is an agency of the Government of Ontario. Galleries and Exhibition Spaces World Culture Galleries A.G. Leventis Foundation Gallery of Ancient Cyprus Bishop White Gallery of Chinese Temple Art Daphne Cockwell Gallery of Canada: First Peoples Galleries of Africa: Egypt Gallery of Greece Gallery of Korea Gallery of the Bronze Age Aegean Joey and Toby Tanenbaum Gallery of China Matthews Family Court of Chinese Sculpture Patricia Harris Gallery of Textiles & Costume Prince Takamado Gallery of Japan ROM Gallery of Chinese Architecture Samuel European Galleries Shreyas and Mina Ajmera Gallery of Africa, the Americas and Asia-Pacific Sigmund Samuel Gallery of Canada Sir Christopher Ondaatje South Asian Gallery Wirth Gallery of the Middle East Natural History Galleries Bat Cave Gallery of Birds Introduction to the ROM Page 1 of 5 2010 James and Louise Temerty Galleries of the Age of Dinosaurs Patrick and Barbara Keenan Family Gallery of Hands-on Biodiversity Reed Gallery of the -
Prescribed Sources for Cleopatra: Rome and Egypt, 69–30 BC
Source Methods Aims Attitudes towards Cleopatra Plutarch Wasn't writing a full history of Wanted to provide Writings may well have events, instead he was moral lessons and been shaped by Roman creating character references examples for future propaganda and anti- through anecdotes and generations to live by. Cleopatra bias that was various stories. circulating after her defeat Some historians and death. Writing around 75AD. believe he had a habit of slightly altering He can be selective with Claimed that his grandfather stories to emphasise the anecdotes he picks, so had a friend who knew particular character as to emphasise the Cleopatra’s cook, and that he traits he wanted qualities in Cleopatra, that had access to the memoirs of people to pay he saw through biased Cleopatra’s physician, attention to. E.g. sources about her. Olympus. Anthony’s weakness. Has a tendency to talk Was willing to admit when he But it does seem negatively of women in is unsure of a source/ story. unlikely that Plutarch power. E.g. Alexander’s was looking to mother, Olympia! deliberately deceive his readers when writing such popular biographies. Cassius Dio Worked incredibly hard, and He wanted to cover No personal connection to the various jobs he had held the whole period of Cleopatra or her time. in the government gave him Roman history, in a opportunities to research comprehensive and But he did believe in the Roman history through official clear way. ultimate power of Rome records/information. and the importance of He wants to write Roman Dominance, so he He spent 10 yrs researching about larger aspects of would most likely have and 12 yrs writing. -
The Visual Representation of Livia on the Coins of the Roman Empire
University of Alberta The Visual Representation of Livia on the Coins of the Roman Empire by Tracene Harvey A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classical Archaeology History and Classics ©Tracene Harvey Spring 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Dedication To Sean, Clair and Wendy and In Memoriam Margaret Rose Neufeld, beloved grandmother and friend. ABSTRACT Livia (58 BC-AD 29), wife of the first emperor Augustus and mother of his successor Tiberius, became the first Roman woman whose image held a substantial place on coins of the Roman Empire. While predecessors such as Fulvia and Octavia, wives of Marc Antony, were the first Roman women to appear on coins, not enough examples of such coins survive to give a clear picture of how these women were represented as part of a concerted visual program. While the appearance of Roman women on coins was not entirely revolutionary, having roughly coincided with the introduction of images of powerful Roman statesmen to coins in the late 40s BC, the degree to which Livia came to be commemorated on coins in the provinces and in Rome was unprecedented. -
Alexandria, City of Gifts and Sorrows -Polyzoides, A.J..Pdf
poly - xx - 11 - index_bud2.qxd 09/06/2014 14:32 Page i Herewith an historical journey from the third century to the multi- ethnic metropolis of the twentieth century, bringing together two diverse histories of the city. Ancient Alexandria was built by the Greek Macedonians. Ptolemy started the dynasty and in thirty years completed the first lighthouse, and the grand library and museum, which functioned as a university with an emphasis on science, known as “The Alexandrian School”. Scholars attended as “the birthplace of science” from all over the ancient world. Two of the most eminent were Euclid, the father of geometry, and Claudios Ptolemy, writer of The Almagest, a book on astronomy. These are the oldest surviving science textbooks. Herein there are stories about scientists, poets and religious philosophers, responsible for influ- encing the western mind with their writings. Modern Alexandria was rebuilt in 1805 by multiethnic commu- nities who created a successful commercial city and port with an enviable life-style for its inhabitants for 150 years. In 1952 the Free Officers of the Egyptian Army masterminded a coup to free the country from the monarchy and British domination. In 1956 the socialist regime under Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser closed the Suez Canal, resulting in the Anglo-French-Israeli invasion. This outburst of Egyptian nationalism and military revolution by this understand- ably anti-Western regime included the confiscation of property belonging to foreigners and the subsequent mass exodus of business and artisan classes that hitherto had made the city so successful. The author was an eye-witness to these events and he sets out the polit- ical errors and failures of both Egyptian and Western leaders. -
NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK | #16 | OCTOBER–NOVEMBER 2018 £4.90 NILENILE~ Discoverdiscover Ancientancient Egyptegypt Todaytoday
NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK | #16 | OCTOBER–NOVEMBER 2018 £4.90 NILENILE~ DiscoverDiscover AncientAncient EgyptEgypt TodayToday The Latest DISCOVERIES KLEOPATRA SELENE The Last Ptolemy Going Underground: ROYAL TOMBS of the 18th Dynasty SPIRIT BIRDS PRELOVED? WHEN DESPERATE TIMES MEANT HAND-ME-DOWN COFFINS NILE ALEXANDRE MACIEIRA / RIOTUR © A 2016 handout photo of two young visitors The coffin was brought to Brazil in 1826 to the National Museum! of Brazil admiring the by Nicolau Fiengo, an Italian merchant who coffin of Harsiese% _ ! (“Horus, son of Isis”). had purchased a collection of antiquities b _ Inside is an image of the goddess Nut with in Marseille (France), likely to have been open and extended arms—ready, it seems, to excavated by Giovanni Belzoni. It was embrace the mummy that the coffin once purchased and donated to the museum by held. Harsiese was a priest at Karnak Temple Dom Pedro I, Brazil’s first Emperor. The during the 26th Dynasty (ca. 664–525 B.C.). current fate of Harsiese’s coffin is not known. n the night of September 2, a major fire devas- world, one of the most pressing needs now is to create a tated the National Museum of Brazil in Rio de digital record of the lost collection. To assist the museum, OJaneiro, gutting the centuries-old museum build- the Committee for Egyptian Collections of the Interna- ing. Firefighters and desperate employees dashed into the tional Council of Museums (CIPEG) has requested that burning building to try and save whatever they could carry past visitors contribute their photos to an online reposi- out. -
Cleopatra : Last Queen of Egypt
CLEOPATRA B Z7hB 7B6 Cleopatra.indb i 6/12/07 14:50:25 also by joyce tyldesley For Adults Daughters of Isis: Women of Ancient Egypt Hatchepsut: the Female Pharaoh Nefertiti: Egypt’s Sun Queen Th e Mummy Ramesses: Egypt’s Greatest Pharaoh Judgement of the Pharaoh: Crime and Punishment in Ancient Egypt Th e Private Lives of the Pharaohs Egypt’s Golden Empire Pyramids: Th e Real Story Behind Egypt’s Most Ancient Monuments Tales from Ancient Egypt Egypt: How a Lost Civilization was Rediscovered Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt Egyptian Games and Sports For children Mummy Mysteries: Th e Secret World of Tutankhamun and the Pharaohs Egypt (Insiders) Stories from Ancient Egypt Cleopatra.indb ii 6/12/07 14:50:25 CLEOPATRA LAST QUEEN OF EGYPT B Z7hB 7B6 JOYCE TYLDESLEY Cleopatra.indb iii 6/12/07 14:50:25 First published in Great Britain in 2008 by PROFILE BOOKS LTD 3a Exmouth House Pine Street London ec1r 0jh www.profi lebooks.com Copyright © Joyce Tyldesley, 2008 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Designed by Sue Lamble Typeset in Adobe Garamond by MacGuru Ltd [email protected] Printed and bound in Great Britain by Clays, Bungay, Suff olk Th e moral right of the author has been asserted. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. -
Bronze, Boxwood, and Ivory in the Robert H. Smith Collection of Renaissance Sculpture
Bronze, Boxwood, and Ivory in the Robert H. Smith Collection of Renaissance Sculpture A second supplement to the catalogue volume Art of the Renaissance Bronze 1500–1650 Bronze, Boxwood, and Ivory in the Robert H. Smith Collection of Renaissance Sculpture EIKE D. SCHMIDT, DYLAN SMITH, ALISON LUCHS, SHELLEY STURMAN, KAREN SERRES, EMILY PEGUES, KATHERINE MAY, JUDY OZONE & SIMONA CRISTANETTI A second supplement to the catalogue volume Art of the Renaissance Bronze 1500–1650 Published by Cover illustration: Leonhard Kern Lust (cat. 75) Inside front cover: Gérard van Opstal Detail of Bacchanalian Frieze (cat. 79) Inside back cover: Francesco Fanelli Detail of Turk on Horseback Attacked by a Lion (cat. 72) Back cover illustration: Nicolò Roccatagliata Cleopatra (cat. 69) Photography by Lee Ewing Digital radiography by Dylan Smith and James Gleason © Text by Eike D. Schmidt, Dylan Smith, Alison Luchs, Shelley Sturman, Karen Serres, Emily Pegues, Katherine May, Judy Ozone, Simona Cristanetti First published in the UK by The Burlington Magazine Publications Ltd. 2015 All right reserved. Printed in England by Stephens & George Printers Limited, Wales ISSN 0007 6287 2 CONTENTS Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 PART ONE: BRONZE STATUETTES 66. African Bather -
Cicero Calculated the Wealth of Ptolemy XII in Silver Talents (Strabo XVII.I.13)
21 / 140 THE COINAGE SYSTEM OF CLEOPATRA VII, MARC ANTONY AND AUGUSTUS IN CYPRUS Cicero calculated the wealth of Ptolemy XII in silver talents (Strabo XVII.i.13). Royal debts and ongoing obligations such as salaries inside the kingdom were due in tetradrachms. The reduced silver tetradrachms, valued as the earlier ones, were used to pay the ongoing internal expenses of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, yet another austerity measure. Pickling the blanks in warm vinegar would have dissolved some surface copper and left the surfaces enriched with silver. Striking the cast planchets while hot brought more silver, the lower melting point metal, to the surface, making the visible surface appear to be of silver. (Almost three hundred years later, denarii of the Severans appear silver, although struck of a similar, if more silvery about 48% silver metal mix). Coins of Ptolemy XII’s children Ptolemy XIII, Ptolemy XIV and Cleopatra were also struck at this reduced silver standard. Hazzard’s book presents a graph of actual silver content of 141 dated tetradrachms, noting the abrupt debasement of 55 BC, but relying on surface analysis for all but the final four points. This data, at 33%, were collected by Wet (destructive) Analysis by Hazzard himself. Given the surface enrichment of the coins, these four points should be considered the most reliable. Dr. Frank Cochran performed specific gravity analysis of several late Ptolemaic tetradrachms.10 11 12 10 Specific gravity measurements of several non-porous tetradrachms of Cleopatra VII were performed by displacement in water by Dr. Frank Cochran. The main composition of these coins was assumed to be silver and copper.