Description and Tree Species Composition for Woodland and Wooded Grassland Potential Natural Vegetation Types
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Carbon Sequestration in Managed Temperate Coniferous Forests Under Climate Change
Biogeosciences, 13, 1933–1947, 2016 www.biogeosciences.net/13/1933/2016/ doi:10.5194/bg-13-1933-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Carbon sequestration in managed temperate coniferous forests under climate change Caren C. Dymond1, Sarah Beukema2, Craig R. Nitschke3, K. David Coates1, and Robert M. Scheller4 1Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Government of British Columbia, Victoria, Canada 2ESSA Technologies Ltd., Vancouver, Canada 3School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Australia 4Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, Portland, USA Correspondence to: Caren C. Dymond ([email protected]) Received: 16 November 2015 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 21 December 2015 Revised: 11 March 2016 – Accepted: 16 March 2016 – Published: 30 March 2016 Abstract. Management of temperate forests has the poten- 1 Introduction tial to increase carbon sinks and mitigate climate change. However, those opportunities may be confounded by nega- tive climate change impacts. We therefore need a better un- As a global society, we depend on forests and land to take −1 derstanding of climate change alterations to temperate for- up about 2.5 C 1.3 PgC yr , about one-third of our fossil est carbon dynamics before developing mitigation strategies. emissions (Ciais et al., 2013). A reduction in the size of The purpose of this project was to investigate the interac- these sinks could accelerate global change by further increas- tions of species composition, fire, management, and climate ing the accumulation rate of greenhouse gases in the atmo- change in the Copper–Pine Creek valley, a temperate conifer- sphere. -
Shrubl Maritime Juniper Woodland/Shrubland
Maritime Juniper Woodland/ShrublWoodland/Shrublandand State Rank: S1 – Critically Imperiled The Maritime Juniper Woodland/ substrate stability; even Shrubland is a predominantly evergreen in stable situations community within the coastal salt spray community edges may zone; The trees tend to be short (less not be clear. Different than 15 feet) and scattered, with the types of communities tops sculpted by winds and salt spray; grade into and interdigitate with each forests, in areas of continuous changes of other. Very small patches levels of salt spray and substrate types. of any type within The dominant species is eastern red cedar another community (also called juniper), though the should be considered to Maritime Juniper Woodland/Shrubland above a abundance of red cedar is highly variable. be part of the variation of salt marsh. Photo: Patricia Swain, NHESP. It grows in association with scattered trees the main community. Description: Maritime Juniper and shrubs typical of the surrounding Maritime Pitch Pine Woodland/Shrublands occur on and vegetation such as pitch pine, various Woodlands on Dunes are between sand dunes, on the upper edges oaks, black cherry, red maple, blueberries, dominated by pitch pine. Maritime provide habitat for shrubland nesting birds of salt marshes and on cliffs and rocky huckleberries, sumac, and very often, Shrubland communities are dominated by and are important as feeding and resting/ headlands: all areas receiving salt spray poison ivy. Green briar can be abundant in a dense mixture of primarily deciduous roosting areas for migrating birds. from high winds. The maritime juniper more established woodlands, particularly shrubs, but may include red cedar. -
Global Ecological Forest Classification and Forest Protected Area Gap Analysis
United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre Global Ecological Forest Classification and Forest Protected Area Gap Analysis Analyses and recommendations in view of the 10% target for forest protection under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 2nd revised edition, January 2009 Global Ecological Forest Classification and Forest Protected Area Gap Analysis Analyses and recommendations in view of the 10% target for forest protection under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Report prepared by: United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Network World Resources Institute (WRI) Institute of Forest and Environmental Policy (IFP) University of Freiburg Freiburg University Press 2nd revised edition, January 2009 The United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP- WCMC) is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world's foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. The Centre has been in operation since 1989, combining scientific research with practical policy advice. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services to help decision makers recognize the value of biodiversity and apply this knowledge to all that they do. Its core business is managing data about ecosystems and biodiversity, interpreting and analysing that data to provide assessments and policy analysis, and making the results -
Stuart, Trees & Shrubs
Excerpted from ©2001 by the Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. May not be copied or reused without express written permission of the publisher. click here to BUY THIS BOOK INTRODUCTION HOW THE BOOK IS ORGANIZED Conifers and broadleaved trees and shrubs are treated separately in this book. Each group has its own set of keys to genera and species, as well as plant descriptions. Plant descriptions are or- ganized alphabetically by genus and then by species. In a few cases, we have included separate subspecies or varieties. Gen- era in which we include more than one species have short generic descriptions and species keys. Detailed species descrip- tions follow the generic descriptions. A species description in- cludes growth habit, distinctive characteristics, habitat, range (including a map), and remarks. Most species descriptions have an illustration showing leaves and either cones, flowers, or fruits. Illustrations were drawn from fresh specimens with the intent of showing diagnostic characteristics. Plant rarity is based on rankings derived from the California Native Plant Society and federal and state lists (Skinner and Pavlik 1994). Two lists are presented in the appendixes. The first is a list of species grouped by distinctive morphological features. The second is a checklist of trees and shrubs indexed alphabetically by family, genus, species, and common name. CLASSIFICATION To classify is a natural human trait. It is our nature to place ob- jects into similar groups and to place those groups into a hier- 1 TABLE 1 CLASSIFICATION HIERARCHY OF A CONIFER AND A BROADLEAVED TREE Taxonomic rank Conifer Broadleaved tree Kingdom Plantae Plantae Division Pinophyta Magnoliophyta Class Pinopsida Magnoliopsida Order Pinales Sapindales Family Pinaceae Aceraceae Genus Abies Acer Species epithet magnifica glabrum Variety shastensis torreyi Common name Shasta red fir mountain maple archy. -
NFI Woodland Ecological Condition Scoring Methodology
NFI woodland ecological condition in Great Britain: Methodology National Forest Inventory Issued by: National Forest Inventory, Forestry Commission, 231 Corstorphine Road, Edinburgh, EH12 7AT Date: February 2020 Enquiries: Ben Ditchburn, 0300 067 5561 [email protected] Statistician: David Ross [email protected] Website: www.forestresearch.gov.uk/inventory www.forestresearch.gov.uk/forecast NFI woodland ecological condition methodology Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................... 5 The NFI .......................................................................................................... 6 Why report on woodland ecological condition? ...................................................... 7 Development of the NFI condition monitoring approach .......................................... 9 Assessing broad and priority woodland habitat condition ...................................... 9 NFI WEC indicator selection .......................................................................... 10 Classifying and scoring woodlands ................................................................. 14 A straightforward, transparent and evidence-informed approach ......................... 15 Methodology .................................................................................................... 16 Categorising woodland area for reporting ........................................................... 16 Defining the native woodland -
Vascular Plants Diversity and Ethnobotany With
VASCULAR PLANTS DIVERSITY AND ETHNOBOTANY WITH EMPHASIS TO TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL AND WILD EDIBLE PLANTS IN DUGDA DAWA DISTRICT OF BORANA ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA Mersha Ashagre Eshete Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia April 2017 VASCULAR PLANTS DIVERSITY AND ETHNOBOTANY WITH EMPHASIS TO TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL AND WILD EDIBLE PLANTS IN DUGDA DAWA DISTRICT OF BORANA ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA Mersha Ashagre Eshete A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management Presented in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management) Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia April 2017 i ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE PROGRAMMES This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Mersha Ashagre Eshete, entitled: “Vascular Plants Diversity and Ethnobotany with Emphasis to Traditional Medicinal and Wild Edible Plants in Dugda Dawa District of Borana Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia”, and submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by Research Supervisors: Name Signature Date 1. _____________________ _________________ _____________ 2.______________________ _________________ _____________ 3._____________________ _________________ ______________ 4.____________________ __________________ _______________ _____________________ -
Camel Forage Variety in the Karamoja Sub-Region, Uganda
Salamula et al. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice (2017) 7:8 Pastoralism: Research, Policy DOI 10.1186/s13570-017-0080-6 and Practice RESEARCH Open Access Camel forage variety in the Karamoja sub- region, Uganda Jenipher Biira Salamula1*, Anthony Egeru1,2, Daniel Knox Aleper3 and Justine Jumba Namaalwa1 Abstract Camels have the potential to increase the resilience of pastoral communities to the impacts of climate variability and change. Despite this potential, there is limited documentation of the camel forage species, their availability and distribution. The study was conducted in Karamoja sub-region in Uganda and involved assessment of vegetation with intent to characterize the range of forage species available for camels in the region. The camel grazing area was stratified based on land cover types, namely woodland, bushland, grassland and farmland using the Amudat and Moroto district vegetation maps. Vegetation plots measuring 20 m × 20 m were mapped out among the land cover types where species identification was undertaken. In addition, a cross-sectional survey involving 52 camel herders was used to document the camel forage species preferences. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices as well as the Jaccard coefficient were used to measure the species richness, relative abundance, diversity and plant community similarities among the land cover types. Results showed high species richness and diversities in the bushland and woodland land cover types. Plant communities in the woodland and bushlands were found to be more similar. A wide range of plant species were reported to be preferred by camels in the study area, that is 63 in Amudat and 50 in Moroto districts. -
Landscape Composition in Aspen Woodlands Under Various Modeled Fire Regimes Eva K
Proceedings of the First Landscape State-and-Transition Simulation Modeling Conference, June 14–16, 2011 Landscape Composition in Aspen Woodlands Under Various Modeled Fire Regimes Eva K. Strand, Stephen C. Bunting, and Lee A. Vierling Authors woodlands according to historic fire occurrence probabili- Eva K. Strand, National Interagency, Fuels, Fire, and ties, are predicted to prevent conifer dominance and loss of Vegetation Technology Transfer Team, [email protected]. aspen stands. Stephen C. Bunting, [email protected] and Lee A. Keywords: Aspen, Populus tremuloides, VDDT, Vierling, Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sci- TELSA, succession, disturbance, fire regime ences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA, leev@ Introduction uidaho.edu. Region-wide decline of quaking aspen has caused con- Abstract cerns that human alteration of vegetation successional and Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is declining across disturbance dynamics jeopardize the long-term persistence the western United States. Aspen habitats are diverse plant of these woodlands. (Bartos 2001, Kay 1997, Shepperd et communities in this region and loss of these habitats can al. 2001, Smith and Smith 2005). Aspen are an important cause shifts in biodiversity, productivity, and hydrology component that provides ecosystem diversity in the conifer across spatial scales. Western aspen occurs on the majority dominated western mountains. Aspen ecosystems provide of sites seral to conifer species, and long-term maintenance a disproportionately diverse array of habitats for flora and of these aspen woodlands requires periodic fire. We use fauna for its relatively small area on the landscape (Bartos field data, remotely sensed data, and fire atlas information 2001, Jones 1993, Kay 1997, Winternitz 1980). -
Glossary and Acronyms Glossary Glossary
Glossary andChapter Acronyms 1 ©Kevin Fleming ©Kevin Horseshoe crab eggs Glossary and Acronyms Glossary Glossary 40% Migratory Bird “If a refuge, or portion thereof, has been designated, acquired, reserved, or set Hunting Rule: apart as an inviolate sanctuary, we may only allow hunting of migratory game birds on no more than 40 percent of that refuge, or portion, at any one time unless we find that taking of any such species in more than 40 percent of such area would be beneficial to the species (16 U.S.C. 668dd(d)(1)(A), National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act; 16 U.S.C. 703-712, Migratory Bird Treaty Act; and 16 U.S.C. 715a-715r, Migratory Bird Conservation Act). Abiotic: Not biotic; often referring to the nonliving components of the ecosystem such as water, rocks, and mineral soil. Access: Reasonable availability of and opportunity to participate in quality wildlife- dependent recreation. Accessibility: The state or quality of being easily approached or entered, particularly as it relates to complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Accessible facilities: Structures accessible for most people with disabilities without assistance; facilities that meet Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards; Americans with Disabilities Act-accessible. [E.g., parking lots, trails, pathways, ramps, picnic and camping areas, restrooms, boating facilities (docks, piers, gangways), fishing facilities, playgrounds, amphitheaters, exhibits, audiovisual programs, and wayside sites.] Acetylcholinesterase: An enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetycholine to choline and acetate. Acetylcholinesterase is secreted by nerve cells at synapses and by muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions. Organophosphorus insecticides act as anti- acetyl cholinesterases by inhibiting the action of cholinesterase thereby causing neurological damage in organisms. -
Chapter 10. Amphibians of the Palaearctic Realm
CHAPTER 10. AMPHIBIANS OF THE PALAEARCTIC REALM Figure 1. Summary of Red List categories Brandon Anthony, J.W. Arntzen, Sherif Baha El Din, Wolfgang Böhme, Dan Palaearctic Realm contains 6% of all globally threatened amphibians. The Palaearctic accounts for amphibians in the Palaearctic Realm. CogĄlniceanu, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Pierre-André Crochet, Claudia Corti, for only 3% of CR species and 5% of the EN species, but 9% of the VU species. Hence, on the The percentage of species in each category Richard Griffiths, Yoshio Kaneko, Sergei Kuzmin, Michael Wai Neng Lau, basis of current knowledge, threatened Palaearctic amphibians are more likely to be in a lower is also given. Pipeng Li, Petros Lymberakis, Rafael Marquez, Theodore Papenfuss, Juan category of threat, when compared with the global distribution of threatened species amongst Manuel Pleguezuelos, Nasrullah Rastegar, Benedikt Schmidt, Tahar Slimani, categories. The percentage of DD species, 13% (62 species), is also much less than the global Max Sparreboom, ùsmail Uøurtaû, Yehudah Werner and Feng Xie average of 23%, which is not surprising given that parts of the region have been well surveyed. Red List Category Number of species Nevertheless, the percentage of DD species is much higher than in the Nearctic. Extinct (EX) 2 Two of the world’s 34 documented amphibian extinctions have occurred in this region: the Extinct in the Wild (EW) 0 THE GEOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN CONTEXT Hula Painted Frog Discoglossus nigriventer from Israel and the Yunnan Lake Newt Cynops Critically Endangered (CR) 13 wolterstorffi from around Kunming Lake in Yunnan Province, China. In addition, one Critically Endangered (EN) 40 The Palaearctic Realm includes northern Africa, all of Europe, and much of Asia, excluding Endangered species in the Palaearctic Realm is considered possibly extinct, Scutiger macu- Vulnerable (VU) 58 the southern extremities of the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian Subcontinent (south of the latus from central China. -
Wetland and Grassland Restoration
Wetland and Grassland Restoration Name of Organization: North Dakota Natural Resources Trust Federal Tax ID#: 36-3512179 Contact Personrritle: Terry Allbee Address: 1605 E. Capitol Ave., Ste. 101 City: Bismarck State: North Dakota Zip Code: 58501-2102 E-mail Address: [email protected] Web Site Address: www.ndnrt.com Phone: 701-223-8501 Fax#: 701-223-6937 MAJOR Directive: 0 Directive A. Provide access to private and public lands for sportsmen, including projects that create fish and wildlife habitat and provide access for sportsmen; 0 Directive B. Improve, maintain, and restore water quality, soil conditions, plant diversity, animal systems and to support other practices of stewardship to enhance farming and ranching; X Directive C. Develop, enhance, conserve, and restore wildlife and fish habitat on private and public lands; and 0 Directive D. Conserve natural areas for recreation through the establishment and development of parks and other recreation areas. 1 Additional Directive: 0 Directive A. Provide access to private and public lands for sportsmen, including projects that create fish and wildlife habitat and provide access for sportsmen; X Directive B. Improve, maintain, and restore water quality, soil conditions, plant diversity, animal systems and to support other practices of stewardship to enhance farming and ranching; 0 Directive C. Develop, enhance, conserve, and restore wildlife and fish habitat on private and public lands; and 0 Directive D. Conserve natural areas for recreation through the establishment and development of parks and other recreation areas. Type of organization: 0 State Agency 0 Political Subdivision 0 Tribal Entity X Tax-exempt, nonprofit corporation, as described in United States Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. -
Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps
Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps DRAFT May 2009 South African National Biodiversity Institute Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Contents List of tables .............................................................................................................................. vii List of figures............................................................................................................................. vii 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 2 Criteria for identifying threatened ecosystems............................................................... 10 3 Summary of listed ecosystems ........................................................................................ 12 4 Descriptions and individual maps of threatened ecosystems ...................................... 14 4.1 Explanation of descriptions ........................................................................................................ 14 4.2 Listed threatened ecosystems ................................................................................................... 16 4.2.1 Critically Endangered (CR) ................................................................................................................ 16 1. Atlantis Sand Fynbos (FFd 4) .......................................................................................................................... 16 2. Blesbokspruit Highveld Grassland