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Yuri Kivshar The Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS) The Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS) An Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence Sydney Laboratory and Headquarters Professor Ben Eggleton, Research Director Phone: (02) 9351 3604 (+612 9351 3604) Dr Chris Walsh, Chief Operations Officer Phone (02) 9351 5897 (+612 9351 5897) School of Physics, A28 University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Fax: (02) 9531 7726 Email: [email protected] Web: www.cudos.org.au CUDOS@ANU CUDOS@Swinburne Ms Wendy Quinn Professor Min Gu Director’s Unit Centre for Micro-Photonics Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering Swinburne University of Technology The Australian National University PO Box 218, Hawthorn ACT 0200 Australia VIC 3122 Australia Phone: (02) 6125 3423 Phone: (03) 9214 8776 CUDOS@Macquarie CUDOS@UTS Dr Michael Withford Professor Lindsay Botten Department of Physics Department of Mathematical Sciences Division of Information and Communication Sciences University of Technology Sydney Macquarie University PO Box 123 NSW 2109 Australia Broadway NSW 2007 Australia ANNUAL REPORT Phone: (02) 9850 7056 Phone: (02) 9514 2247 Ms Kali Madden Phone: 9850 8931 2006 DEPUTY DIRECTOR Professor Yuri Kivshar photonic crystals, to enhance its development in Australia and provide linkages between leading edge R&D and industry in an important emerging technology. His current research activities, which fit within two CUDOS Flagship projects Slow Light and Tunable Microphotonics, involve the studies of spatiotemporal dynamics of light propagation, nonlinear interaction and control of light in periodic photonic structures, and theoretical studies of photonic crystals and related devices. Research achievements during 2006 Yuri Kivshar received his PhD in 1984 from the USSR Academy of Slow-light optical bullets in nonlinear Bragg-grating Science and was at the Institute for Low Temperature Physics and waveguide arrays Engineering (Kharkov, Ukraine). From 1988 to 1993 he worked at We demonstrated that propagation direction and velocity of different research centres in USA, France, Spain, and Germany. optical pulses can be controlled independently in structures with In 1993 he accepted an appointment at the Research School multiscale modulation of the refractive index in transverse and of Physical Sciences and Engineering of the Australian National longitudinal directions. We revealed that, in arrays of waveguides University where presently he is Professor and Head of the with phase-shifted Bragg gratings, the refraction angle does Nonlinear Physics Centre. Yuri Kivshar has published more than not depend on the speed of light, allowing for efficient spatial 350 research papers in peer-reviewed journals including more steering of slow light. In this system, both spatial diffraction and than 15 book chapters and review articles and 2 books published temporal dispersion can be designed independently, and we in 2003 (Academic Press, translated to Russian in 2005) and 2004 identified the possibility for self-collimation of slow light when (Springer-Verlag). His interests include nonlinear guided waves, spatial diffraction is suppressed for certain propagation directions. optical solitons, nonlinear atom optics, photonic crystals, and We also showed that broadening of pulses in space and time stability of nonlinear waves. Professor Yuri Kivshar was a recipient can be eliminated in nonlinear media, supporting the formation of the Medal and Award of the Ukrainian Academy of Science of slow-light optical bullets that remain localized irrespective of (1989), the International Pnevmatikos Prize in Nonlinear Physics propagation direction [Sukhorukov AA, Kivshar YS, PHYSICAL (1995), the Pawsey Medal of the Australian Academy of Science REVIEW LETTERS 97, 233901 (2006)]. (1998). In 1999 he was appointed as an Associate Editor of the Physical Review (first Australian), and in 2002 he was elected to the Australian Academy of Science. He is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America and the American Physical Society. Key areas of research contribution within the Centre Nonlinear optics, fiber optics, nanophotonics, photonic crystals, parametric processes and frequency conversion, all-optical devices and technologies. Roles and Responsibilities in Centre Deputy Director, CUDOS; Director, ANU node. Awards, honours, major international visits His recent awards include the Boas Medal of the Australian Institute of Physics (2006) and the Lyle Medal of the Australian Academy of Sciences (2007). In 2006 he visited more than 20 research laboratories including the University of Jena (Jena, Germany), the Max-Born Institute (Bonn, Germany), Max-Plank Research Group in Photonics (Erlangen, Germany), Electro-technical University (Tokyo, Japan), University of Osaka (Osaka, Japan), National Taiwan University (Taiwan), Figure 1. Family of the light bullets characterized by (a) energy and (b) width along the transverse (solid) and and many others. longitudinal (dashed) directions vs. the frequency tuning inside the spectral gap. (c-d) Intensity profiles of two Key areas of research activity examples of slow-light optical bullets. Yuri Kivshar leads several research projects within the CUDOS All-optical switching, bistability, and slow-light program and is Deputy Director of the Centre. His main research transmission in photonic crystal waveguide- activity aims to develop innovative concepts of all-optical resonator structures communication and information technologies and to carry out both theoretical and experimental studies on the photonic-crystal We analyzed the resonant linear and nonlinear transmission through physics and engineering, optical solitons, and microphotonic a photonic crystal waveguide side-coupled to a Kerr-nonlinear 30 nonlinear switching devices in order to promote the new field of photonic crystal resonator. First, we extended the standard ANNUAL REPORT 2006 D E P UD TE YP D DU coupled-mode theory analysis to photonic crystal structures Phase matching and interference of nonlinear E and obtained explicit analytical expressions for the bistability parametric processes I T thresholds and transmission coefficients which provide the basis In collaboration with the experimental group from the Macquarie P for a detailed understanding of the possibilities associated with University, we demonstrated the simultaneous generation and RY these structures. We found that the discrete nature of the photonic internal interference of two second-order parametric processes in crystal waveguides allows a geometry-driven enhancement of U a single nonlinear quadratic crystal. The two-frequency doubling D nonlinear effects by shifting the resonator location relative to E processes are Type 0 (two extraordinary fundamental waves the waveguide, thus providing an additional control of resonant T generate an extraordinary second-harmonic wave) and Type waveguide transmission and Fano resonances. We further C I I (two ordinary fundamental waves generate an extraordinary demonstrated that this enhancement may result in the lowering Y second-harmonic wave) parametric interactions. The phase- of the bistability threshold and switching power of nonlinear TR matching conditions for both processes are satisfied in a single devices by several orders of magnitude. Finally, we showed that periodically poled grating in LiNbO using quasi-phase-matching D employing such enhancements is of paramount importance for 3 E (QPM) vectors with different orders. We observed an interference O the design of all-optical devices based on slow-light photonic of two processes, and compared the results with the theoretical I crystal waveguides [Mingaleev S et al, PHYSICAL REVIEW E analysis. We suggested several applications of this effect such RC 74, 046603 (2006)]. R as polarization-independent frequency doubling and a method DT Polychromatic solitons in nonlinear for stabilizing the level of the generated second-harmonic signal E photonic lattices [Johnston B, et al., OPTICS EXPRESS 14, 11756 (2006)]. EO We studied dynamical reshaping of polychromatic beams due to Tunable all-optical switching in periodic C collective nonlinear self-action of multiple-frequency components structures with liquid-crystal defects in periodic and semi-infinite photonic lattices and predicted the PR We suggested that tunable orientational nonlinearity of nematic formation of polychromatic gap solitons and polychromatic surface T liquid crystals can be employed for all-optical switching in periodic solitons due to light localization in spectral gaps. We showed that UD photonic structures with liquid-crystal defects. We considered a the self-trapping efficiency and structure of emerging polychromatic one-dimensional periodic structure of Si layers with a local defect O solitons depends on the input spectrum due to the lattice-enhanced created by infiltrating a liquid crystal into a pore, and demonstrated, TE dispersion, including the effect of crossover from localization to by solving numerically a system of coupled nonlinear equations R diffraction in media with defocusing nonlinearity. We demonstrated for the nematic director and the propagating electric field, that the YP that interfaces between two nonlinear periodic photonic lattices light-induced Freedericksz transition can lead to a sharp switching offer unique possibilities for controlling the nonlinear interaction D and diode operation in the photonic devices [Miroshnichenko A, DU between different spectral
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