Congressional Record—Senate S7020
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Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012
Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Jennifer E. Manning Information Research Specialist Colleen J. Shogan Deputy Director and Senior Specialist November 26, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30261 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Summary Ninety-four women currently serve in the 112th Congress: 77 in the House (53 Democrats and 24 Republicans) and 17 in the Senate (12 Democrats and 5 Republicans). Ninety-two women were initially sworn in to the 112th Congress, two women Democratic House Members have since resigned, and four others have been elected. This number (94) is lower than the record number of 95 women who were initially elected to the 111th Congress. The first woman elected to Congress was Representative Jeannette Rankin (R-MT, 1917-1919, 1941-1943). The first woman to serve in the Senate was Rebecca Latimer Felton (D-GA). She was appointed in 1922 and served for only one day. A total of 278 women have served in Congress, 178 Democrats and 100 Republicans. Of these women, 239 (153 Democrats, 86 Republicans) have served only in the House of Representatives; 31 (19 Democrats, 12 Republicans) have served only in the Senate; and 8 (6 Democrats, 2 Republicans) have served in both houses. These figures include one non-voting Delegate each from Guam, Hawaii, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Currently serving Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) holds the record for length of service by a woman in Congress with 35 years (10 of which were spent in the House). -
Appendix File Anes 1988‐1992 Merged Senate File
Version 03 Codebook ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE ANES 1988‐1992 MERGED SENATE FILE USER NOTE: Much of his file has been converted to electronic format via OCR scanning. As a result, the user is advised that some errors in character recognition may have resulted within the text. MASTER CODES: The following master codes follow in this order: PARTY‐CANDIDATE MASTER CODE CAMPAIGN ISSUES MASTER CODES CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP CODE ELECTIVE OFFICE CODE RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE MASTER CODE SENATOR NAMES CODES CAMPAIGN MANAGERS AND POLLSTERS CAMPAIGN CONTENT CODES HOUSE CANDIDATES CANDIDATE CODES >> VII. MASTER CODES ‐ Survey Variables >> VII.A. Party/Candidate ('Likes/Dislikes') ? PARTY‐CANDIDATE MASTER CODE PARTY ONLY ‐‐ PEOPLE WITHIN PARTY 0001 Johnson 0002 Kennedy, John; JFK 0003 Kennedy, Robert; RFK 0004 Kennedy, Edward; "Ted" 0005 Kennedy, NA which 0006 Truman 0007 Roosevelt; "FDR" 0008 McGovern 0009 Carter 0010 Mondale 0011 McCarthy, Eugene 0012 Humphrey 0013 Muskie 0014 Dukakis, Michael 0015 Wallace 0016 Jackson, Jesse 0017 Clinton, Bill 0031 Eisenhower; Ike 0032 Nixon 0034 Rockefeller 0035 Reagan 0036 Ford 0037 Bush 0038 Connally 0039 Kissinger 0040 McCarthy, Joseph 0041 Buchanan, Pat 0051 Other national party figures (Senators, Congressman, etc.) 0052 Local party figures (city, state, etc.) 0053 Good/Young/Experienced leaders; like whole ticket 0054 Bad/Old/Inexperienced leaders; dislike whole ticket 0055 Reference to vice‐presidential candidate ? Make 0097 Other people within party reasons Card PARTY ONLY ‐‐ PARTY CHARACTERISTICS 0101 Traditional Democratic voter: always been a Democrat; just a Democrat; never been a Republican; just couldn't vote Republican 0102 Traditional Republican voter: always been a Republican; just a Republican; never been a Democrat; just couldn't vote Democratic 0111 Positive, personal, affective terms applied to party‐‐good/nice people; patriotic; etc. -
2/1/75 - Mardi Gras Ball” of the Betty Ford White House Papers, 1973-1977 at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 2, folder “2/1/75 - Mardi Gras Ball” of the Betty Ford White House Papers, 1973-1977 at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Betty Ford donated to the United States of America her copyrights in all of her unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. A MARDI GRAS HISTORY Back in the early 1930's, United States Senator Joseph KING'S CAKE Eugene Ransdell invited a few fellow Louisianians to his Washington home for a get together. Out of this meeting grew 2 pounds cake flour 6 or roore eggs the Louisiana State Society and, in turn, the first Mardi Gras l cup sugar 1/4 cup warm mi lk Ball. The king of the first ball was the Honorable F. Edward 1/2 oz. yeast l/2oz. salt Hebert. The late Hale Boggs was king of the second ball . l pound butter Candies to decorate The Washington Mardi Gras Ball, of course, has its origins in the Nardi Gras celebration in New Orleans, which in turn dates Put I 1/2 pounds flour in mixing bowl. -
PPIC Statewide Survey: Californians and Their Government
PPICPPIC STATEWIDESTATEWIDE SURVEYSURVEY FEBRU ARY 2004 Californians and Their Government ○○○○○ Mark Baldassare Research Director & Survey Director Public Policy Institute of California The Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) is a private operating foundation established in 1994 with an endowment from William R. Hewlett. The Institute is dedicated to improving public policy in California through independent, objective, nonpartisan research. PPIC’s research agenda focuses on three program areas: population, economy, and governance and public finance. Studies within these programs are examining the underlying forces shaping California’s future, cutting across a wide range of public policy concerns, including education, health care, immigration, income distribution, welfare, urban growth, and state and local finance. PPIC was created because three concerned citizens – William R. Hewlett, Roger W. Heyns, and Arjay Miller – recognized the need for linking objective research to the realities of California public policy. Their goal was to help the state’s leaders better understand the intricacies and implications of contemporary issues and make informed public policy decisions when confronted with challenges in the future. PPIC does not take or support positions on any ballot measure or on any local, state, or federal legislation, nor does it endorse, support, or oppose any political parties or candidates for public office. David W. Lyon is founding President and Chief Executive Officer of PPIC. Raymond L. Watson is Chairman of the Board of Directors. 500 Washington Street, Suite 800 • San Francisco, California 94111 Telephone: (415) 291-4400 • Fax: (415) 291-4401 [email protected] • www.ppic.org Preface The PPIC Statewide Survey series provides policymakers, the media, and the general public with objective, advocacy-free information on the perceptions, opinions, and public policy preferences of California residents. -
Huey P. Long, Louisiana Governor and United States Senator Research Subject Guide Louisiana State Archives
Huey P. Long, Louisiana Governor and United States Senator Research Subject Guide Louisiana State Archives Introduction: This guide was made by archival staff at the Louisiana State Archives as an introduction to some of the materials we have on the Louisiana Governor (1928- 1932) and United States Senator (1932-1935), Huey Pierce Long. The listings are arranged according to the Table of Contents listed below and then alphabetically within each section. For further information on this topic, or to view our collections, please visit the Louisiana State Archives Research Library or contact the Research Library staff at 225.922.1207 or via email at [email protected]. Table of Contents: Manuscripts Newspapers, Journals, and Magazines Photographs Posters Government Records Microfilm Manuscripts Carolyn R. Chaney Collection, 1935, Collection contains one copy of the funeral oration that was delivered over the grave of Huey P. Long, included in the Louisiana Conservation Review, dated September 1935. The collection also contains one copy of the Louisiana Review Memorial Number for Huey P. Long dated October 1935. Collection No. N2018-021 Martha Metrailes Collection, 1935, Collection contains speeches given by Senator Huey P. Long, titled “Our Growing Calamity” and is dated 1935. Items collected by Martha Metrailes. Collection No. N1991-033 Historic New Orleans Collection Cecil Morgan Interview, 1981, Paperback book copyrighted 1985 that contains Betty Werlein Carter's interview with Louisiana legislator, Cecil Morgan. The book focuses on the Huey P. Long era and includes a typed interview transcript (119 pages), vignettes on topics ranging from Chief Justice John B. Fournet to marriage (53 pages), an appendix of articles and speeches (79 pages), and a curriculum vitae of Morgan (3 pages). -
View the Report Here
How California’s Congressional Delegation Voted on Immigration Reform ca. 1986 As the comprehensive immigration reform effort moves forward in Congress, how did California’s congressional delegation vote on the last major reform legislation – the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986? Forward Observer reviewed the Congressional Record and media reports from the summer and fall of 1986. The final bill, known as Simpson-Mazzoli, passed the Senate by a vote of 63 to 24 and passed the House by a vote of 238 to 173. It was signed into law by President Reagan on November 6, 1986. Of the 47 members of the California delegation, 33 voted in favor of the final bill and 13 voted against it (and one member did not vote): Democrats voted in favor 19-9. Republicans voted in favor 14-4 with Rep. Badham not voting. Twice as many Democrats (9) as Republicans (4) voted against the final bill, but majorities of both parties supported the comprehensive package (68% of Democrats; 78% of Republicans). Only three members who served in Congress at the time remain in office. Two voted for the bill – Rep. George Miller (D-11) and Rep. Henry Waxman (D-33). Sen. Barbara Boxer, then representing the state’s 6th district as a Representative, voted against. The key elements of Simpson-Mazzoli required employers to attest to their employee’s immigration status, made it illegal to hire unauthorized immigrants, legalized certain agricultural illegal immigrants, and legalized illegal immigrants who entered the United States before January 1, 1982, after paying a fine and back taxes. -
Congressional Directory CALIFORNIA
18 Congressional Directory CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA (Population 1998, 32,667,000) SENATORS DIANNE FEINSTEIN, Democrat, of San Francisco, CA; born June 22, 1933 in San Fran- cisco; B.A., Stanford University, 1955; elected to San Francisco Board of Supervisors, 1970± 78; president of Board of Supervisors: 1970±71, 1974±75, 1978; mayor of San Francisco, 1978± 88; candidate for governor of California, 1990. Recipient: Distinguished Woman Award, San Francisco Examiner; Achievement Award, Business and Professional Women's Club, 1970; Golden Gate University, California, LL.D. (hon.), 1979; SCOPUS Award for Outstanding Public Service, American Friends of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of Santa Clara, D.P.S. (hon.); University of Manila, D.P.A. (hon.), 1981; Antioch University, LL.D. (hon.), 1983; Los Angeles Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith's Distinguished Service Award, 1984; French Legion d'Honneur from President Mitterand, 1984; Mills College, LL.D. (hon.), 1985; U.S. Army's Commander's Award for Public Service, 1986; Brotherhood/Sisterhood Award, National Conference of Christians and Jews, 1986; Paulist Fathers Award, 1987; Epis- copal Church Award for Service, 1987; U.S. Navy Distinguished Civilian Award, 1987; Silver Spur Award for Outstanding Public Service, San Francisco Planning and Urban Renewal Asso- ciation, 1987; ``All Pro Management Team Award'' for No. 1 Mayor, City and State Magazine, 1987; Community Service Award Honoree for Public Service, 1987; American Jewish Congress, 1987; President's Award, St. Ignatius High School, San Francisco, 1988; Coro Investment in Leadership Award, 1988; President's Medal, University of California at San Francisco, 1988; University of San Francisco, D.H.L. -
111Th Congress Gold Mouse Project Overview
111th Congress g old Mouse Proje C t Overview The State of Congressional web Sites Since 1998, the Congressional Management Foundation has assessed the quality of congressional web sites to determine how Members of Congress can use the internet to more effectively communicate with and serve citizens. The Gold Mouse Project seeks to improve these sites by identifying best and innovative practices that can be more widely adopted by House & Senate offices. in the 111th Congress evaluations, we found that there is a digital divide in Congress: the most common letter grades earned were “A” and “F”. © Congressional Management Foundation • www.pmpu.org 1 of 17 111th Congress g old Mouse Proje C t Overview what Did we Do? in 2009, CMF, with the assistance of our research partners at Harvard Kennedy School, Northeastern University, University of California–riverside, and the Ohio State University, conducted an extensive evaluation of all congressional web sites in the 111th Congress. 439 House Member web sites1 99 Senate Member web sites2 68 House & Senate Committee web sites (majority and minority) +14 House & Senate Leadership web sites 620 1 includes 433 representatives (there were two vacancies at the time of our evaluations), 5 delegates, and 1 resident commissioner. 2 There was one vacancy in the Senate at the time of our evaluations. © Congressional Management Foundation • www.pmpu.org 2 of 17 111th Congress g old Mouse Proje C t Overview what were Our Criteria? Member web sites were judged on 93 criteria in the following broad categories. The 61 committee criteria and 49 leadership criteria fell into most of these categories as well, but were adjusted to reflect their unique roles. -
Ronald Reagan, Louisiana, and the 1980 Presidential Election Matthew Ad Vid Caillet Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2011 "Are you better off "; Ronald Reagan, Louisiana, and the 1980 Presidential election Matthew aD vid Caillet Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Caillet, Matthew David, ""Are you better off"; Ronald Reagan, Louisiana, and the 1980 Presidential election" (2011). LSU Master's Theses. 2956. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2956 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ―ARE YOU BETTER OFF‖; RONALD REAGAN, LOUISIANA, AND THE 1980 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of History By Matthew David Caillet B.A. and B.S., Louisiana State University, 2009 May 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for the completion of this thesis. Particularly, I cannot express how thankful I am for the guidance and assistance I received from my major professor, Dr. David Culbert, in researching, drafting, and editing my thesis. I would also like to thank Dr. Wayne Parent and Dr. Alecia Long for having agreed to serve on my thesis committee and for their suggestions and input, as well. -
Proposed Resolution for Endorsement by the San Diego City Council
Proposed Resolution for Endorsement by the San Diego City Council WHEREAS, the right to free speech afforded by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution is the bedrock of our democracy; and WHEREAS, this right to free speech applies to people, not corporations; and WHEREAS, corporations very clearly are not people but are entities created by the laws of states and nations; and WHEREAS, the United States Supreme Court’s ruling in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) 130 S. Ct. 876 deemed corporations to be people; and WHEREAS, the Citizens United decision by the Supreme Court overturned a longstanding precedent prohibiting corporations from using general treasury funds to influence our elections, candidate selection, and policy decisions; and WHEREAS, since the Citizens United ruling, Americans have witnessed a massive influx of corporate money into our political process that is without precedent in our nation’s history; and WHEREAS, the Citizens United case directly impacts state and local effortso tcontrol the influence of corporate money in their own elections; and WHEREAS, the Citizens United ruling and its far reaching effects represent serious and direct threats to our democracy; and WHEREAS, the Constitution empowers the people and states to use the constitutional amendment process to correct decisions of the Supreme Court; now, therefore, BE IT RESOLVED, that the San Diego City Council respectfully disagrees with the majority opinion and decision of the United States Supreme Court in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and calls upon the United States Congress to propose and send to the states for ratification a constitutional amendment to overturn Citizens United v. -
The Gubernatorial Elections of 2015: Hard-Fought Races for the Open Seats by Jennifer M
GOVERNORS The Gubernatorial Elections of 2015: Hard-Fought Races for the Open Seats By Jennifer M. Jensen and Thad Beyle Only three governors were elected in 2015. Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi are the only states that hold their gubernatorial elections during the year prior to the presidential election. This means that these three states can be early indicators of any voter unrest that might unleash itself more broadly in the next year’s congressional and presidential elections, and we saw some of this in the two races where candidates were vying for open seats. Mississippi Gov. Phil Bryant (R) was elected to a second term, running in a state that strongly favored his political party. Both Kentucky and Louisiana have elected Democrats and Republicans to the governorship in recent years, and each race was seen as up for grabs by many political pundits. In the end, each election resulted in the governorship turning over to the other political party. Though Tea Party sentiments played a signifi- he lost badly to McConnell, he had name recog- cant role in the primary elections in Kentucky and nition when he entered the gubernatorial race as Louisiana, none of the general elections reflected an anti-establishment candidate who ran an out- the vigor that the Tea Party displayed in the 2014 sider’s campaign against two Republicans who had gubernatorial elections. With only two open races held elected office. Bevin funded the vast majority and one safe incumbent on the ballot, the 2015 of his primary spending himself, contributing more elections were generally not characterized as a than $2.4 million to his own campaign. -
'Voting Rights Act Made Things Happen'
www.mississippilink.com Vol. 21, No. 52 october 22- 28, 2015 50¢ October is Hispanic Heritage Month ‘Voting Rights Act Latinfest becomes made things happen’ largest Latino Mississippi Department of Archives and History joins Center of Southern Culture in historic festival in Mississippi film/discussion of 50-year-old Voting Rights Act By Janice K. Neal-Vincent, Ph.D. Contributing Writer The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was signed into law by President Lyn- don Johnson on August 6, 1965. It purported to overcome legal barriers at the state and local lev- Civil rights veteran els that prevented African Robert Clark Americans from exer- cising their right to vote huge crowd. under the 15th Amendment McLemore re- (1870) to the Constitution of vealed that he the United States. grew up in De A filmed Southern Docu- Soto County and mentary Project was shown that Sam Williams and discussed recently at the was the first black Mississippi Department of voter in that par- Archives and History. MDAH ticular county. He commended Wil- Israel Martinez (at podium), Latin American Business Association, is joined by JCVB representatives partnered with the Center of Jennifer Byrd, Cherry Ratliff, Jennifer Chance, Rickey Thigpen, Mary Current, and (seated) Jay Southern Culture in Film at liams, Medgar The Voting Rights Act film Huffstatler, of the American Red Cross. the University of Mississippi. Wiley Evers, who Director and producer was the first per- fought the oppressive regime. By Ayesha K. Mustafaa panic population reaching without ever leaving the Andy Harper (Instructional manent field secretary for the And because of their efforts, Editor over 81,000, Latinfest orga- state of Mississippi.