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Asian and Asian-American Philosophers and Philosophies NEWSLETTER | The American Philosophical Association Asian and Asian-American Philosophers and Philosophies FALL 2013 VOLUME 13 | NUMBER 1 FROM THE EDITOR David H. Kim ARTICLES Bongrae Seok Neuroscience, Moral Sentimentalism, and Confucian Philosophy: Moral Psychology of the Body and Emotion Bradley Douglas Park The Resonant Mind: Daoism and Situated-Embodied Cognition Matthew MacKenzie Self-Making and World-Making: Indian Buddhism and Enactive Philosophy of Mind JeeLoo Liu Report on APA Central Session: New Orleans, Louisiana VOLUME 13 | NUMBER 1 FALL 2013 © 2013 BY THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL ASSOCIatION ISSN 2155-9708 APA NEWSLETTER ON Asian and Asian-American Philosophers and Philosophies DAVID H. KIM, EDITOR VOLUME 13 | NUMBER 1 | FALL 2013 and phenomenologically linked to bodies, situations, FROM THE EDITOR environments, and actions. And discussion of strong conceptions of these connections often proceed under The Embodied and Enactive Mind: Asian the themes of “the embodied mind,” the extended mind,” “the embedded mind,” and “the enactive mind.” Playing and Comparative Perspectives off of the lettering of these four attributes, some have brought these ideas together under the heading of “4-E David H. Kim Philosophy of Mind.” Not all endorse all of the four Es. But a UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO strong conception of any of the 4-Es is a departure from the standard vision of mind as an abstract representational and Comparisons of Asian and Western conceptions of mind have computational power. been commonplace in the academy and the culture at large. One exciting new development is the increasing consolidation In this special edition, Confucianism, Buddhism, and of research that unites cutting-edge work in various Asian and Daoism are brought into dialogue with both standard Western philosophies of mind (including phenomenological philosophy of mind and 4-E philosophy of mind. The first variants of these) and often also neuroscience or empirical essay, “Neuroscience, Moral Sentimentalism, and Confucian psychology. Consider, for example, that a successful NEH Philosophy: Moral Psychology of the Body and Emotion,” seminar in 2012, “Investigating Consciousness: Buddhist and by Bongrae Seok, offers a novel philosophically integrative Contemporary Philosophical Perspectives,” was directed by account of neuroscience’s and Confucianism’s contributions Christian Coseru, Jay Garfield, and Evan Thompson on this to an understanding of the centrality of embodiment very subject, with a special focus on Buddhism. to human moral psychology. In the second essay, “The Resonant Mind: Daoism and Situated-Embodied Cognition,” At the 2012 Eastern Division meeting of the APA, the Bradley Park advances both empirically motivated and committee on Asian and Asian-American philosophers distinctly Daoist considerations to generate a compelling and philosophies put forward a comparative panel on the enactivist alternative—the Resonant Mind—to the vision of embodied and enactive mind. At this meeting, the committee mind inherited from Western philosophy’s Modern period— also co-sponsored, with the committee on inclusiveness, Mind as Container. In the third essay, “Self-Making and World- a panel entitled, “Cognitive Diversity, Inference, and Making: Indian Buddhism and Enactive Philosophy of Mind,” Language,” which featured philosophical and empirical work Matthew MacKenzie composes a fascinating synthesis of on Western and East Asian modes of cognition. In addition, at (Indian) Buddhist philosophy and enactivist philosophy of the 2013 Central Division meeting of the APA, the committee mind to show how the karmic process is an enactment of offered a panel, organized by JeeLoo Liu, entitled “Memory, both self and world and thus how to think alternatively about Consciousness, and the Self: A Buddhist Perspective,” the mind as embodied, extended, and enactive. Finally, in which highlighted Indian and Western conceptions of the report on the 2013 Central APA session panel (“Memory, consciousness, with a special focus on Buddhist thought. Consciousness and the Self: A Buddhist Perspective”), JeeLoo Liu relays further suggestive lines of thought in comparative This special edition of the APA newsletter of the committee philosophy of mind, especially as this is conducted with a on Asian and Asian-American philosophers and philosophies focus on Indian Buddhism and within the rich tradition of features three essays and a report, all of which are a part of early Indian philosophy more generally. the burgeoning research noted. Each of the essays is based on a presentation delivered at the 2012 Eastern Division APA The essays individually contribute to philosophy of mind and panel on the embodied and enactive mind, and the report to the respective traditions of Asian philosophy they address. is of the Buddhist philosophy of consciousness panel at the Together, and with the report, they give an inspiring sense 2013 Central Division meeting of the APA. of possibilities for enriching philosophy of mind through a comparative framework. Few philosophers, if any, deny the mind has some sort of connection to bodies, situations, environments, and actions. This newsletter also offers the opportunity to relay some But these connections, especially in mainstream philosophy further notes about the committee. First, I extend my thanks of mind, are often characterized as merely contextual for to its members for organizing panels at the divisional human mentality. In recent decades, many philosophers meetings of the APA. In addition to the ones mentioned of mind and phenomenologists have moved away from above, the committee put on the panel “Immigration: Justice this view toward an alternative conception according to and Identity” at the 2012 Eastern Division meeting through which the human mind as such is deeply ontologically the organizing efforts of former member Ronald Sundstrom. APA NEWSLETTER | ASIAN AND ASIAN-AMERICAN PHIlosoPHERS AND PHILOSOPHIES It featured the work of Hyeryoung Kang, Mickaella Perina, cultural philosophy, studying the role of ritual efficacy in the and Emily S. Lee. Also, at the 2013 Pacific Division meeting, construction of identity, and articulating Buddhist resources Halla Kim organized a panel “The Philosophy of Yijing and for socio-political activism. Its Contemporary Significances,” which included Tze-ki Hon, Chung-Ying Cheng, Eric Nelson, and Halla Kim. Also at Welcome Jay, Bina, and Leah! this meeting, Prasanta Bandyopadhyay organized a panel, “Different Dimensions of Buddhism,” that featured the work of Sara Waller, William Deal, and Prasanta Bandyopadhyay. ARTICLES Many thanks to you all! Neuroscience, Moral Sentimentalism, and Finally, the committee typically shifts its membership over the summer. Concluding his term this summer is Yubraj Confucian Philosophy: Moral Psychology Aryal. Thank you for your work on the committee, Yubraj! And of the Body and Emotion joining us are Jay Garfield (as associate chair for 2013–14, to be followed by a term as chair from 2014–2017), Bina Gupta, Bongrae Seok and Leah Kalmanson. ALVERNIA UNIVERSITY Jay L. Garfield is Kwan Im Thong Hood Cho Temple Professor of Humanities at Yale-NUS College in Singapore and Doris INTRODUCTION Silbert Professor in the Humanities at Smith College. He As an empirical study of the human mind and behavior, also teaches at the National University of Singapore, Yale “moral psychology” refers to the psychological investigation University, the University of Melbourne, and the Central of human conduct regarding moral values and principles. University of Tibetan Studies in India. Jay works on Indo- Lawrence Kohlberg’s and Jean Piaget’s studies of moral Tibetan Buddhist philosophy, nineteenth and early twentieth- development are classical examples.1 There are, however, century Indian philosophy, and cross-cultural hermeneutics, significant traditions in philosophy that consider cognitive focusing on various topics in the philosophy of mind, and affective abilities of the mind in their analyses of moral epistemology, logic, and ethics. judgments and principles. For example, philosophers such as David Hume, Adam Smith, and Mencius discuss moral Bina Gupta is a Curators’ Distinguished Research Professor, judgments and dispositions not from the perspective of Professor of Philosophy, and Director of the South Asia absolute moral principles but of the specialized functions Language and Area program at University of Missouri, and abilities of the mind. In this paper, by combining Columbia, in the United States. She is the author or editor psychological studies of moral cognition and philosophical of several books, over eighty articles, and numerous book reflection on the nature of the moral mind, I will develop reviews on subjects including Indian philosophy, Buddhism, an empirically informed and philosophically inspired feminism, and comparative philosophy. Some of her analysis of embodied moral emotion. From the perspectives important works are Perceiving in Advaita Vedanta (Bucknell of neuroscience, moral sentimentalism, and Confucian University Press, 1991), The Disinterested Witness: A Fragment philosophy, I will discuss the role embodied emotion plays in of Advaita Vedanta Phenomenology (Northwestern University our moral judgments and actions, and argue that the body is Press, 1998), Cit (Consciousness), (Oxford University Press, an essential part of our moral ability. Particularly, I will illustrate 2000), Reason and Experience in Indian philosophy (Indian how an interdisciplinary
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