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UNIVERSITÉ DE LA ROCHELLE Rachida Mersni-Achour Vibrio

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UNIVERSITÉ DE LA ROCHELLE Rachida Mersni-Achour Vibrio UNIVERSITÉ DE LA ROCHELLE ÉCOLE DOCTORALE Science pour l'Environnement Gay-Lussac Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) UMR 7266-ULR Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (SG2M-LGPMM) Ifremer La Tremblade THESE Présentée par Rachida Mersni-Achour Soutenance prévue le 20 mai 2014 Pour l'obtention du grade de Docteur de l'Université de la Rochelle Discipline: Aspects moléculaires et cellulaires de la biologie Vibrio tubiashii en France: description d’isolats pathogènes affectant des mollusques et étude de leurs mécanismes de virulence Jury: Paco Bustamante Professeur, Université de la Rochelle, Président du jury Carolyn Friedman Professeur, JISAO Senior Fellow, Rapporteur Philippe Soudant Directeur de recherche CNRS, IUEM-UBO, Rapporteur Vianney Pichereau Professeur, IUEM-UBO, IUEM-UBO, Examinateur Delphine Destoumieux-Garzon Chargée de recherche CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, Examinateur Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin Maître de conférences, Université de la Rochelle, Directeur de thèse Denis Saulnier Chercheur, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, Co-directeur Marie-Agnès Travers Chercheur, Ifremer SG2M-LGPMM, Responsable scientifique Contributions scientifiques Publications Publications en revue 1/. R. Mersni Achour, M A. Travers, P. Haffner, D. Tourbiez, N. Faury, A L. Cassone, B. Morga, I. Doghri, C. Garcia, T. Renault, I. Fruitier-Arnaudin, D. Saulnier. (2014). First description of French V. tubiashii strains pathogenic to mollusk: I. Characterization of isolates and detection during mortality events. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology (IF: 2.6). 2/ R. Mersni Achour, N. Imbert, V. Huet, Y. Ben Cheikh, N. Faury, I. Doghri, S. Rouatbi, S. Bordenave, M A Travers, D. Saulnier, I. Fruitier-Arnaudin. First description of French V. tubiashii strains pathogenic to mollusk: II. Characterization of secreted proteases affecting oyster immunity. Sous révision in Journal of Invertebrate Pathology (IF: 2.6). Publications en attente de soumission 3/. R. Mersni Achour , Y. Ben Cheikh, V. Pichereau, I. Doghri, C. Etien, L. Dégremont, D. Saulnier, I. Fruitier-Arnaudin, M A. Travers Molecular characterizations of the French V. tubiashii virulence factors on oyster’s larvae give evidences that metalloprotease is not the only main toxic factor .(Journal visé Microbiology IF: 2.8). 4/. R. Mersni Achour, I. Doghri, V. Pichereau, Y. Ben cheikh , P. Haffner, S. Sable, D. Saulnier, M A. Travers, I. Fruitier Arnaudin. Toxicity and proteases composition of extracellular products from the French Vibrio tubiashii are modulated by physical and chemical characteristics of growth media. (Journal visé Microbiology IF: 2.8). Communications orales R. Mersni Achour, P. Haffner, I. Doghri, Y. Ben Cheikh, N. Faury, D. Tourbiez, N. Imbert, V. Huet, S. Rouatbi, A L. Cassone, B. Morga, C. Garcia, B. Chollet, S. Bordenave, V. Pichereau, T. Renault, D. Saulnier, M A. Travers, I. Fruitier-Arnaudin. Identification of a French Vibrio tubiashii, a pathogen of bivalves and characterization of its extracellular products. Vibrio 2014. Avril 1-4, 2014 Edinbough, UK. R. Mersni Achour. M.A Tarvers. Vibrio tubiashii in France: description of pathogenic isolates affecting shellfish and characterization of their virulence mechanisms. The Annual Meeting of the National Reference Laboratories for Mollusc Diseases, Mars 25-26, 2014, Nantes France. R. Mersni Achour. Etude du mode d’action de toxines bactériennes chez un invertébré marin: l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas. Colloque des Doctorants de 2ème année. Mai 31, 2012 Ecole doctorale Gay LUSSAC La Rochelle, France. Communications affichées R. Mersni Achour, M A. Travers, P. Haffner D. Tourbiez, A L. Cassone, B. Morga, I. Doghri, C. Garcia, T. Renault, I. Fruitier-Arnaudin, D. Saulnier. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Vibrio tubiashii subsp. francensis nov., a phylogenetically distinct bacterial pathogen of bivalves. 10th International Meeting on Microbial Epidemiological Markers (IMMEM-10) Institut Pasteur. Octobre 2-5, 2013 Paris, France. R. Mersni Achour. Etude du mode d’action de toxines bactériennes chez un invertébré marin: l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas. Colloque de la Fédération de Recherche en Environnement et Développement Durable. Juin 27-29, 2012 CAES- Ile d'Oléron, France. I. Fruitier-Arnaudin, R. Mersni, D. Saulnier. Purification and characterization of secreted proteases from three Vibrio harveyi like strains isolated from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. ESF-COST High-Level Research Conference Marine Biotechnology: Future Challenges. Juin 20-25, 2010 Acquafredda di Maratea, Italy. Activités d’enseignement 2013-2014: Attaché temporaire d’Enseignement et de Recherche (ATER) au sein du département de Biotechnologie à l’université de la Rochelle, France. Volume horaires: 48h équivalent TD. Niveau: Licence 3 (10h CM et 6h TD Anabolisme) et Licence 1 (TD de biochimie structurale 1). 2012-2013: Activités complémentaires d’enseignement (DCACE) au sein du département de Biotechnologies à l’université de la Rochelle, France. Volume horaires: 64h équivalent TD. Niveau: Master 1 (TP de microbiologie fondamentale et appliquée). 2011-2012: Activités complémentaires d’enseignement (DCACE) au sein du Département de Biotechnologies à l’université de la Rochelle, France. Volume horaire: 64h équivalent TD. Niveau: Master 1 (TP de microbiologie fondamentale et appliquée) et Licence 3 (TP de génétique bactérienne, métabolisme et croissance). Remerciements Cet ouvrage est le fruit de plus de 3 ans de labeur et de dévouement de ma part mais surtout de la part des personnes qui m’entourent et qui m’ont soutenu et qui ont grandement contribué au succès de ce travail. Mes vifs remerciements s'adressent aux membres du Jury qui, par leur expertise, ont examiné ce travail. Ces travaux ont été réalisés au sein du laboratoire rochelais LIENSs UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR dirigé par Mr Olivier de Viron et le laboratoire Trembladais de l'IFREMER: le LGPMM dirigé par Mr Tristan Renault et Mme Sylvie Lapègue. Je les remercie de m'avoir accueillie dans les structures qu'ils dirigent. Je remercie particulièrement ma directrice de thèse Dr Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin qui n'a ménagé aucun effort pour le bon déroulement de la thèse dans de bonnes conditions et qui a veillé à la disponibilité des ressources nécessaires à ces travaux. Je remercie également mon co-directeur de thèse Dr Denis Saulnier, qui, malgré la distance et le décalage horaire, a toujours le souci de suivre mes travaux. Un grand merci à Marie-Agnès Travers, mon encadrant scientifique, pour son soutien, ses encouragements, ses conseils, sa bienveillance envers moi et son implication pleine dans ce travail. Agnès, je te remercie pour toutes les discussions fructueuses, pour les ondes positives que tu m’as constamment transmises et qui m'ont poussé au delà de mes limites. J’ai beaucoup appris de toi. Merci à Vianney Pichereau et à toute l’équipe LEMAR pour m’avoir appris la technique d’électrophorèse bidimensionnelle. J’ai passé un séjour très agréable à Brest. Je remercie Mr Gérard Blanchard pour m’avoir accueillie au sein de l’Université de La Rochelle dans laquelle j'ai réalisé, dans de bonnes conditions, mes charges d'enseignements et de recherche. Une grande partie de mon travail a été effectué au laboratoire LGPMM à la Tremblade, une belle petite ville dans laquelle je me rendais souvent en covoiturage avec Patrick Azema et Cyrille François. Je vous remercie pour les bons moments musicaux sur la route. D'un autre coté, je remercie toute l'équipe de ce laboratoire, Nicole Faury, Philippe Haffner, Delphine tourbiez, Bruno Chollet, Céline Garcia, Lionel Dégremont, Raphaël Brizard et Véronique Betto. Je les remercie pour leur accueil chaleureux, leur disponibilité et leur bonne humeur. L'autre partie de ce travail à été réalisée à la Rochelle au sein du laboratoire LIENSs entre le bâtiment Marie Curie et le bâtiment ILE. Je remercie chaleureusement tous mes collègues de bureau Amandine Adrien Dit Richard, Oussama Achour (qui est aussi mon mari), Nicolas Joguet, Nicolas Poupard et Florian Le Joubioux. Ils ont supporté tous mes états d'humeurs pendant plus de 3 ans. J’adresse mes remerciements aux étudiants Ibtissem doghri, Yosra Ben cheikh, Cédric Etien, Aurélie Trefier et Julie Lepinay que j’ai eu la chance d’encadrer et qui ont grandement contribué à la réussite de ce travail. Un grand merci à tous mes collèges et amis Hervé Rouillard, Camille Juin, Valérie Sopena pour leur sympathie et pour les bons repas au RU (poisson et encore du poisson). Je remercie également tout le personnel de l’équipe AMES pour leur sympathie. Un grand merci à tous les étudiants tunisiens qui sont passés par ce Laboratoire pour les bons moments partagés. Au Bâtiment ILE, je remercie Nathalie Imbert, Valérie Huet et Laureen Beaugeard pour leur aide, leur patience et leur implication dans les manips de cytométries en flux. Je remercie également David pour sa gentillesse et pour les discussions sympathiques lors des pauses thé-café. Je remercie vivement tout le personnel administratif du laboratoire LIENSs Viviane Biou, Laetitia Darre, Johan Guiard et Marie Chivaille qui ont facilité toutes les tâches administratives et ont toujours répondu à mes demandes quasi instantanément avec une bonne humeur. Enfin, il existe des personnes sans lesquelles ces travaux n'auraient probablement jamais eu lieu. Ils ont, sans le savoir, réalisé ce travail avec moi car ils étaient toujours présents dans mon cœur. C'est à ma famille et mes amis que je m'adresse pour manifester ma reconnaissance. D'abord à mes parents: ma très chère maman Yamina (Ya), mon très cher papa Salem (Baba) et mon très cher frère Amine (Minov). Malgré les 1400 Km qui nous séparent, votre soutien émotionnel, moral et physique, m'ont permis de surmonter toutes les difficultés. J’ai pu à chaque fois me ressourcer auprès de vous. Que Dieu vous bénisse et vous protège. Un grand merci à ma future belle sœur Narjess, tu es un amour. Je remercie chaleureusement mes beaux-parents Sondes et khaled, ainsi que mes beaux-frères Ahlem (7arim), Ahmed (7amid) et Belhassan (Bach). Merci Dieu pour cette belle famille. Un grand merci à toute ma famille : cousins et cousines, oncles et tantes pour votre soutien.
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