DOCSLIB.ORG

An Architectural Analysis of the Mon Community in Phra Pradaeng, Samutprakarn

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Architectural Analysis of the Mon Community in Phra Pradaeng, Samutprakarn AN ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE MON COMMUNITY IN PHRA PRADAENG, SAMUTPRAKARN Pussadee Tiptas1 The Mon are an ethnic group in Thailand. villages has remained unchanged and it is Most Mon communities are located on possible to commute between them by river banks and they have, to a certain waterways. On Klong Lattanong there are extent, preserved traditional life styles. Baan Tamang and Baan Tong U. Baan This is a study of the Mon community in Tur and Baan Jung Be are on the south of Pra Pradaeng, Samutprakarn, focusing on the Chao Phraya. Baan Among is on the its residential and religious architecture. north side where the locality has changed dramatically with a steady decline in Location and Environmental the Mon population and poor housing conditions. Baan Kanong, which adjoins Settings the Chao Phraya in the north, sti ll maintains its traditional locality and The Mon community in Phra Pradaeng buildings. District lives in 16 villages of 4 tambons (subdistricts). Of these, 15 villages are Further up from Baan Song Kanong, Baan located on the west bank of the Chao Chae and Baan Rong Kleng are in the Phraya River in Tambon Bang Pung, urban center, mainly serving as commercial, Tambon Talad and Tambon Song Kanong. school and government service centers. Only one village, in Tambon Bang Ya Prak, Baan Doeng Hamok is the only village is located on the east bank. Most Mon on the east bank of the Chao Phraya. communities live along a river. This Inland from the river, this urban settlement characterizes early settlement in the town is dense with factories located in the of Nakhon Khuen Khan or Phra Pradaeng surrounding areas. at present. There are many villages on Klong Lad Luang Family and Kinship (see Figure 1) namely, Baan Saphan Chang, Baan Ta; Baan Ha Roen, Baan Veharao, The Mon living in the 16 villages of Phra Baan Dang, Baan Kong Kang and Baan Pradaeng are the descendants of the Raman Chiang Mai. The general condition of these from Pathum Thani. Led by Phraya Jeng, these people migrated to Thailand during the Thonburi period. Later in the reign of King Rama II, they provided labor for 1 Professor, Department of Architecture founding Nakhon Khuen Khan or Phra Faculty of Architecture Pradaeng. The new settlement was named Chulalongkorn University Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 01:53:37AM via free access An Architectural Analysis ofthe Mon Community in Phra Pradaeng, Samutprakarn after the former name of the Mon township. ring decorated with red-colored gemstones Most of them were soldiers and their and traditional costumes - all of which families, but later on they mixed with must be well kept. The Mons also worship other local ethnic groups. At present, the sacred objects as symbols of the status of a Mon villagers constitute 60 percent of the 'god father' or god image originating from total residents. Half of them claim that the Mon township. There are 11 spirit their ancestors were from Pegu in Mon state. houses respected by the villagers. One spirit house may be the center for several Our survey reveals that about 72 percent villages, or possibly there are many spirit of the Mon families have 3-8 members, a houses in one village, and some villages relatively small family size. They are have both god father and god mother extended families like Thai families (i.e. images. married son or daughter staying with his or her parents) comprising 2-3 Religious and Traditional generations. About 45 percent of the Mons serve in government or state enterprises, Customs followed by other jobs such as, rice growing, trading and handicraft making. Religious customs and traditions in the The people's religion is Buddhism serviced Mon community have now become less by 10 wats (temple). Most of the Mons important due to pressure of time and are religious as can be seen in their financial status of the new generation. regular merit making, almsgiving and Marriage to other ethnic groups is another involvement in all religious occasions. cause. However elderly people still keep the Mon traditional customs although some rituals may be less delicated. One Beliefs and Taboos remaining is ghost dancing to apologize for their offenses or to pay homage to the Elderly Mons believe in destiny and god father image after the Song Kran taboos as well as old cultural traditions festival. and beliefs. The instances of these include not keeping an altar or Buddha image in Customs related to child birth, too, have the house; not bringing in sculptures of attracted less interest since hospital services certain animals; e.g. pigs, turtles and have become increasingly popular. Only elephants; not allowing pregnant women 22 percent of the Mons arrange a head from other families or children with 'juke' shaving ceremony for their new born child. hairstyle to stay overnight, etc. The north, Ordination is similar to the Thai culture south and east are their compass points of except for some details. The marriage virtue to which bed, front staircase, main ceremony is similar too but the Mons entrance, as well as the face of the statue of do not practise religious almsgiving. the Lord Buddha, will be directed. Ceremonies related to Mon funerals are mostly for abbots, senior monks or Most Mons, accounting for 80 percent, in respectable elders and involve laying the Phra Pradaeng, worship house spirits, in dead on rattan tables instead of using the tradition of their ancestors. The eldest coffins or alternatively using coffins of son inherits the ritual of receiving a gold rectangular shape. Dancing is performed 73 Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 01:53:37AM via free access MANUSYA: Journal ofHumanities Vol. 1 No.2 1998 before the day of cremation. A dead senior On the other hand, there has been an monk's coffin is topped by an elegant increase in the number of other ethnic canopy in the form of a palace. groups moving into the community particularly to the commercial and Religious and traditional customs industrial areas located nearby. performed now include, for instance, honey almsgiving, Devo almsgiving The people's opinion is that now their and boat racing. The most important community is more developed than in and unique Mon festival is Song Kran the past. Changes are gradual, mainly in which is characterized by live fish and public infrastructure, i.e. roads, ferries bird releasing and playing the traditional piers, alleys, pavements and bridges. 'saba' game. The game is so well known Communication in the district has become that 87 percent of the Mons in Phra more efficient. The community is growing Pradaeng are able to play. The custom and building has expanded so much so of giving Song Kran rice to monks or that green and public areas have become relatives is rarely seen now. Now, only 17 more scarce. Thai style housing is percent are able to sing 'tayae mon,' and, disappearing. Most houses have fences, only about 17 percent join in boat racing. rarely seen in the past, to protect the property. Nevertheless, the people assert The Changing of Attitudes in the that local authorities have now provided better services in public health, sanitation Community and Its Impact and facilities for traditional ceremonies. According to the Mons' point of view, Concerning changes caused by pollution the community in Phra Pradaeng has and its environmental impact on the steadily changed over the past 20 years. It community, the people observe that there can be concluded that customs, folklore have_been changes in the past 20 years. and traditional games previously ·performed Although there is no heavy industry located are likely to fade away. Some patterns in the village causing direct impact, 47 have been altered or adapted in line with percent of the people stated that they were present economic conditions. With regard affected by air pollution, smoke and dust. to the Mon language, fewer and fewer The majority of them live in Baans Song people are now able to read and write Mon Kanong, Rong Kleng and Among of except for some monks and elder people Tambon Song Kanong on the opposite side who learnt it before. The new generation of Tambon Samrong Tai where industries does not use the Mon language since such as iron making, and palm oil teaching and speaking it is rare. manufacture are located. Baan Doeng Hamok of Tambon Bang Ya Prak has Phra Pradaeng has experienced economic experienced a similar situation because of growth in the past 20 years. Land is several heavy industries in the area. increasingly used for manufacturing, commercial and farming activities. Toxic elements on the roofs have also However, the Mon population movement affected the use of water from rainfall. is relatively static, most of it of a temporary Presently, about 37 percent of people in nature for education or work purposes. the Mon village no longer use rain water 74 Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 01:53:37AM via free access An Architectural Analysis ofthe Mon Community in Phra Pradaeng, Samutprakarn since the expansion of factories in the Mon Housing Design surrounding area. Flooding is another consequence of the physical changes due When an old Mon house became to the greater number of factories. About dilapidated, it was renovated with some 23 percent of the people suffer from new materials. In many instances, a new flooding problem. house was built to replace the old one. We found that the houses built in a later It can thus be stated that a quarter of the period, i.e. by the reign of King Rama V, Mon villages are affected by pollution were the most numerous.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mon Affairs Union Representative: Nai Bee Htaw Monzel
    Mon Affairs Union Representative: Nai Bee Htaw Monzel Mr. Chairman or Madame Chairperson I would like to thank you for giving me the opportunity to participate in the Forum. I am representative from the Mon Affairs Union. The Mon Affairs Union is the largest Mon political and social organization in Mon State. It was founded by Mon organizations both inside and outside Burma in 2008. Our main objective to restore self-determination rights for Mon people in Burma. Mon people is an ethnic group and live in lower Burma and central Thailand. They lost their sovereign kingdom, Hongsawatoi in 1757. Since then, they have never regained their self- determination rights. Due to lack of self-determination rights, Mon people are barred from decision making processes on social, political and economic policies. Mon State has rich natural resources. Since the Mon do not have self-determination rights, the Mon people don’t have rights to make decision on using these resources. Mon State has been ruled by Burmese military for many years. Burmese military government extracts these resources and sells to neighboring countries such as China and Thailand. For example, the government sold billions of dollars of natural gas from Mon areas to Thailand. Instead of investing the income earned from natural gas in Mon areas, the government bought billion dollars of arms from China and Russia to oppress Mon people. Due Burmese military occupation in Mon areas, livelihoods of Mon people economic life have also been destroyed. Since 1995, Burmese military presence in Mon areas was substantially increased. Before 1995, Burma Army had 10 battalions in Mon State.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Jomon Male and Female Genome Sequences from the Funadomari Site in Hokkaido, Japan
    ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE Vol. 127(2), 83–108, 2019 Late Jomon male and female genome sequences from the Funadomari site in Hokkaido, Japan Hideaki KANZAWA-KIRIYAMA1*, Timothy A. JINAM2, Yosuke KAWAI3, Takehiro SATO4, Kazuyoshi HOSOMICHI4, Atsushi TAJIMA4, Noboru ADACHI5, Hirofumi MATSUMURA6, Kirill KRYUKOV7, Naruya SAITOU2, Ken-ichi SHINODA1 1Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba City, Ibaragi 305-0005, Japan 2Division of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima City, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan 3Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 4Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan 5Department of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan 6Second Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0061, Japan 7Department of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara City, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan Received 18 April 2018; accepted 15 April 2019 Abstract The Funadomari Jomon people were hunter-gatherers living on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan c. 3500–3800 years ago. In this study, we determined the high-depth and low-depth nuclear ge- nome sequences from a Funadomari Jomon female (F23) and male (F5), respectively. We genotyped the nuclear DNA of F23 and determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I genotypes and the phenotypic traits. Moreover, a pathogenic mutation in the CPT1A gene was identified in both F23 and F5. The mutation provides metabolic advantages for consumption of a high-fat diet, and its allele fre- quency is more than 70% in Arctic populations, but is absent elsewhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Using the National Historic Preservation Act to Protect Iconic Species
    Hastings Environmental Law Journal Volume 12 Number 2 Spring 2006 Article 5 1-1-2006 The Cultural Significance of Wildlife: Using the National Historic Preservation Act to Protect Iconic Species Ingrid Brostrom Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_environmental_law_journal Part of the Environmental Law Commons Recommended Citation Ingrid Brostrom, The Cultural Significance of Wildlife: Using the National Historic Preservation Act to Protect Iconic Species, 12 Hastings West Northwest J. of Envtl. L. & Pol'y 147 (2006) Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_environmental_law_journal/vol12/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Environmental Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WEST NORTHWEST I have raised my children from the gifts from this sea. It’s our mission to pass this treasure to our offspring.1 - Oba San, 92-year-old Okinawan protestor The Cultural Significance of Wildlife: Using the National Historic I. Introduction Preservation Act to Protect Iconic Species Whether it be the emblematic bald eagle flying majestically overhead or the spawning salmon winding its way upstream, certain animals represent the By Ingrid Brostrom* cultural backbone of a people and bring meaning to the human world around them. A community can survive without these species but its unique cultural iden- tity may not. While every species has bio- logical and ecological value, some deserve extra protection for the signifi- cance they derive from the human popu- lations around them.
    [Show full text]
  • Collective Consciousness of Ethnic Groups in the Upper Central Region of Thailand
    Collective Consciousness of Ethnic Groups in the Upper Central Region of Thailand Chawitra Tantimala, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Thailand The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences 2019 Official Conference Proceedings Abstract This research aimed to study the memories of the past and the process of constructing collective consciousness of ethnicity in the upper central region of Thailand. The scope of the study has been included ethnic groups in 3 provinces: Lopburi, Chai-nat, and Singburi and 7 groups: Yuan, Mon, Phuan, Lao Vieng, Lao Khrang, Lao Ngaew, and Thai Beung. Qualitative methodology and ethnography approach were deployed on this study. Participant and non-participant observation and semi-structured interview for 7 leaders of each ethnic group were used to collect the data. According to the study, it has been found that these ethnic groups emigrated to Siam or Thailand currently in the late Ayutthaya period to the early Rattanakosin period. They aggregated and started to settle down along the major rivers in the upper central region of Thailand. They brought the traditional beliefs, values, and living style from the motherland; shared a sense of unified ethnicity in common, whereas they did not express to the other society, because once there was Thai-valued movement by the government. However, they continued to convey the wisdom of their ancestors to the younger generations through the stories from memory, way of life, rituals, plays and also the identity of each ethnic group’s fabric. While some groups blend well with the local Thai culture and became a contemporary cultural identity that has been remodeled from the profoundly varied nations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mon Language Editmj
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 The Mon language:recipient and donor between Burmese and Thai Jenny, Mathias Abstract: Mon is spoken in south Myanmar and parts of central and northern Thailand and has been in intense contact with its neighboring languages for many centuries. While Mon was the culturally and politically dominant language in the first millennium, its role was reduced to a local minority language first in Thailand, later in Myanmar. The different contact situations in which the Mon languagehas been between Thailand and Myanmar has led to numerous instances of language change. The influence has not been one-way, with Mon on the receiving end only, but Mon was also the source of restructuring in Burmese and Thai. The present paper attempts to trace some of the contact induced changes in the three languages involved. It is not always clear which language was the source of shared vocabulary and constructions, but in many cases linguistic and historical facts can be adduced to find answers. While Mon language use in Thailand is diminishing fast and Mon in this country is undergoing restructuring according to Thai patterns, in Myanmar Mon is actually still exerting influence on Burmese, albeit mostly on a local level in varieties spoken in Mon and Karen States. The contact between genetically and typologically very different languages as is the case here leads in many cases to linguistically interesting outcomes. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-81044 Journal Article Accepted Version Originally published at: Jenny, Mathias (2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Developing History Curricula to Support Multi-Ethnic Civil Society Among Burmese Refugees and Migrants
    NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH Research Paper No. 139 Developing history curricula to support multi-ethnic civil society among Burmese refugees and migrants Rosalie Metro E-mail : [email protected] December 2006 Policy Development and Evaluation Service Policy Development and Evaluation Service United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2 Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.unhcr.org These papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under ‘publications’ at <www.unhcr.org>. ISSN 1020-7473 Introduction What children learn about history is widely recognized to influence their perceptions and behavior, yet little attention has been given to how to design history curricula for young people in conflict or post-conflict situations. This paper discusses possibilities for development of history curricula that can support multi-ethnic civil society among Burmese refugees, exiles, migrants, and ethnic nationals.1 The paper is adapted from the Master’s thesis I completed in 2003. The research presented here was conducted in February and March of 2003 in Chiang Mai, Mae Sot, Bangkok, and Mae Hong Son, Thailand. Using an action research methodology and an interview guide approach, I investigated history curricula currently in use in refugee camps along the Thai-Burma border, in Burmese-run schools in Thailand, and areas controlled by ethnic nationality groups inside Burma, including ceasefire areas. I then evaluated strategies for redesigning these curricula.
    [Show full text]
  • Burma/Thailand
    December 1994 Vol. 6, No. 14 BURMA/THAILAND THE MON: PERSECUTED IN BURMA, FORCED BACK FROM THAILAND I. Summary.......................................................................................................................................3 Recommendations................................................................................................................4 II. Human Rights Violations of the Mon by the Burmese Government.........................................5 Arrests and Extrajudicial Executions of Suspected Rebels .................................................5 Abuses Associated With Taxation.......................................................................................5 Forced Relocations...............................................................................................................6 Forced Labor........................................................................................................................8 III. Abuses of the Mon by the Thai Government .........................................................................11 The Attack on Halockhani Camp and the Thai Response .................................................12 The Treatment of Mon Migrant Workers by Thai Authorities ..........................................14 Thai Policy Towards Mon and Other Burmese Refugees .................................................16 IV. Conclusions.............................................................................................................................19 V. Recommendations....................................................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • Behind the Scenes
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 438 Behind the Scenes SEND US YOUR FEEDBACK We love to hear from travellers – your comments keep us on our toes and help make our books better. Our well-travelled team reads every word on what you loved or loathed about this book. Although we cannot reply individually to your submissions, we always guarantee that your feed- back goes straight to the appropriate authors, in time for the next edition. Each person who sends us information is thanked in the next edition – the most useful submissions are rewarded with a selection of digital PDF chapters. Visit lonelyplanet.com/contact to submit your updates and suggestions or to ask for help. Our award-winning website also features inspirational travel stories, news and discussions. Note: We may edit, reproduce and incorporate your comments in Lonely Planet products such as guidebooks, websites and digital products, so let us know if you don’t want your comments reproduced or your name acknowledged. For a copy of our privacy policy visit lonelyplanet.com/ privacy. Tamara Decaluwe, Terence Boley, Thomas Van OUR READERS Loock, Tim Elliott, Ylwa Alwarsdotter Many thanks to the travellers who used the last edition and wrote to us with help- ful hints, useful advice and interesting WRITER THANKS anecdotes: Alex Wharton, Amy Nguyen, Andrew Selth, Simon Richmond Angela Tucker, Anita Kuiper, Annabel Dunn, An- Many thanks to my fellow authors and the fol- nette Lüthi, Anthony Lee, Bernard Keller, Carina lowing people in Yangon: William Myatwunna, Hall, Christina Pefani, Christoph Knop, Chris- Thant Myint-U, Edwin Briels, Jessica Mudditt, toph Mayer, Claudia van Harten, Claudio Strep- Jaiden Coonan, Tim Aye-Hardy, Ben White, parava, Dalibor Mahel, Damian Gruber, David Myo Aung, Marcus Allender, Jochen Meissner, Jacob, Don Stringman, Elisabeth Schwab, Khin Maung Htwe, Vicky Bowman, Don Wright, Elisabetta Bernardini, Erik Dreyer, Florian James Hayton, Jeremiah Whyte and Jon Boos, Gabriella Wortmann, Garth Riddell, Gerd Keesecker.
    [Show full text]
  • Legendary Golden TEAK WOOD Legendary Golden TEAK WOOD
    ASEAN HERITAGE TRAIL Legendary Golden TEAK WOOD Legendary Golden TEAK WOOD Map Attractions not to be Missed Museums and Elephants Sanctuaries Gastronomy Delights All About Craft, Design and Textile Living Arts Highlights ASEAN HERITAGE TRAIL Legendary Golden Teak Wood Teak wood brought prosperi mainly to Myanmar, Northern Thailand Over the years, concessions were given to half a dozen foreign companies, and Laos. Today, magnificent mansions and temples as well as mostly from Britain. Among the most famous were the Borneo Company preserved forests testf of this wealth. Limited, the Bombay Burmah Trading Corporaton but also Det Østasiatske Since the start of the 19th centry, teak wood has been considered as one of Kompagni (East Asiatc Company), Louis T. Leonowens Limited and the Siam the most precious items for trading in Southeast Asia. Teak wood trading Forest Company. There was also Kim Seng Lee, a Chinese company receiving th is a fascinatng story similar to a novel that explains also the historical and a concession. In the first decades of the 20 centry, companies became cultral evoluton of a vast region covering in Southeast Asia Burma (Myanmar also involved in the development of infrastructres such as canals or rail. today), Lanna principalies (today Northern Thailand) and a bit of Laos. All the Teak was skidded by elephants, as those animals were (and stll are) deemed to ingredients are there for a great novel: wars, fear of foreign powers and fights carry the logs due to their rounded shape and their capaci to access areas to consolidate business, negotatons, powerful noble people and traders.
    [Show full text]
  • Toponyms of the Nanzhao Periphery/ John C
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 2003 Toponyms of the Nanzhao periphery/ John C. Lloyd University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Lloyd, John C., "Toponyms of the Nanzhao periphery/" (2003). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 1727. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1727 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TOPONYMS OF THE NANZHAO PERIPHERY A Thesis Presented by John C. Lloyd Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2003 Chinese TOPONYMS OF THE NANZHAO PERIPHERY A Thesis Presented by John C. Lloyd Approved as to style and content by Zhongwei/Shen, Chair Alvin P. Cohen, Memb Piper Rae-Ciaubatz, Member Donald Gjertson, Department Head Asian Languages and Literatures TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF MAPS iv CHAPTER L THE NON-CHINESE TRIBES OF ANCIENT YUNNAN PROVINCE l 1.1 Introduction ^ 1 .2 Background of the Tai-Nanzhao Debate 9 II. TOPONYMS OF THE NANZHAO PERIPHERY 22 2.1 Explanation of Method 22 2.2 Historical Phonology of the Toponymic Elements 25 The Northwest 2.3 Border of Zhenla Eli, 7'^8'^enturies: Shaiiguo"f^i'and Can Ban #^ 27 2.4 The mang-/ head ^- element toponyms of the Nanzhao border areas 37 III.
    [Show full text]
  • Toungoo Dynasty: the Second Burmese Empire (1486 –1752)
    BURMA in Perspective TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: GEOGRAPHY......................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 Geographic Divisions .............................................................................................................. 1 Western Mountains ........................................................................................................... 2 Northern Mountains .......................................................................................................... 2 Shan Plateau ..................................................................................................................... 3 Central Basin and Lowlands ............................................................................................. 3 Coastal Strip ..................................................................................................................... 4 Climate ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Bodies of Water ....................................................................................................................... 5 Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) River ........................................................................................ 6 Sittang River ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Malay Minorities in the Tenasserim Coast
    ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement Volume 4 Number 1 July Article 12 7-31-2020 Malay minorities in The Tenasserim coast Ma Tin Cho Mar Department of South East Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [email protected] Pham Huong Trang International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/ajce Part of the Polynesian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Mar, Ma Tin Cho and Trang, Pham Huong (2020). Malay minorities in The Tenasserim coast. ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement, 4(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.7454/ajce.v4i1.1069 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. This Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Universitas Indonesia at ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement. It has been accepted for inclusion in ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement. Ma Tin Cho Mar, Pham Huong Trang | ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement | Volume 4, Number 1, 2020 Malay minorities in The Tenasserim coast Ma Tin Cho Mara*, Pham Huong Trangb aDepartment of South East Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia bInternational School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam Received: December 29th, 2019 || Revised: January 30th, 2020 || Accepted: July 29th, 2020 Abstract This paper discusses the Malay Minorities of the Malay Minorities in the Tenasserim Coast. And Tanintharyi Division is an administrative region of Myanmar at present. When we look closely at some of the interesting historical facts, we see that this region is “Tanao Si” in Thai, or Tanah Sari in Malay.
    [Show full text]