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Table of Contents VIBRANT GUJARAT A BIRD’S EYE VIEW OF GUJARAT FOREST SECTOR 1 Table of Contents 1. Biodiversity & Forest Ecosystem 1.1 Global Scenario 1.2 India Scenario 1.3 Gujarat Scenario • Overview • Key Government Initiatives and Opportunities for Collaboration • Other Government Projects & Initiatives • Awards & Accolades 2 1.1 Biodiversity & Forest Ecosystem: Global Scenario 3 BIODIVERSITY & FOREST ECOSYSTEM SNAPSHOT OF THE GLOBAL SCENARIO Forests cover 31 percent of the world’s land surface, just over 4 billion hectares. This is down from the pre-industrial area of 5.9 billion hectares. World Forest Cover, 1990 - 2010 (in Million Hectares) The world forest cover decreased from 4168 1200 million hectare in 1990 to 4033 million hectare in 2010, i.e., a loss of over 3 percent in two decades. 1000 800 600 400 in Million Million in Hectares 200 0 Africa Asia Europe North and Oceania South Central America America 1990 2000 2010 The spread of planted forests has been accelerating. Planted forests now cover nearly 264 million hectares, comprising nearly 7 percent of total forest area. Some 80 percent of the people living in developing countries depend on non-timber forest products, such as fruits and herbs, for their primary health Approximately 14 million people worldwide are formally and nutritional needs employed in the forestry sector. Sources : Adams, E. 2012, World Forest Area Still on the Decline, http://210.212.144.11/ntfp/index.html 4 1.2 Biodiversity & Forest Ecosystem : India Scenario 5 BIODIVERSITY & FOREST ECOSYSTEM INDIA SCENARIO According to Global Forest Resource Assessment (GFRA), India is at 10th position in terms of forest area in the world. As per India State of Forest Report 2013, the forest cover of India is 6,97,898 sq km, which is about 21% of the total geographical area Over 45,000 plant species and Important National Legislations: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 91,000 species of animals • • Indian Forest Act, 1927 have been recorded in India • Forest (conservation) Act, 1980 • Protection of plant varieties and Farmers Right Act, 2001 India is house to 4 of the 34 • Biological Diversity Act, 2002 identified biodiversity • The Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest dwellers, hotspots (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 • The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 National Parks = 102 REDD+ Wildlife Sanctuaries = 527 India has come out with a draft national policy on 'reducing Community Reserves = 4 emissions from deforestation and forest degradation' (popularly Total Area under Protected known as REDD+ initiative) which will enable local communities to Areas = 1,66,852 sq. km get financial incentives for increasing forest cover Sources : Forest & Environment Department, Government of India 6 BIODIVERSITY & FOREST ECOSYSTEM BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: INDIA SCENARIO India signed the United Nations 3 tier structure is in Functions of NBA: Convention on Biological place to achieve Advise the government of India on Diversity (CBD) in 1992. the objectives of • matters relating to conservation of BDA, 2002 biodiversity, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of Objectives: benefits arising out of utilization of • Conservation of biological biological resources National Level: diversity • Regulate activities and issue guidelines National for access and benefit sharing • Sustainable use of its Biodiversity • Take necessary measures to oppose the components Authority (NBA) grant of IPR in any country outside India • Fair and equitable sharing of on any biological resources obtained the benefits arising out of from India or knowledge associated commercial utilization of with such biological resources derived State Level: from India biological resources and State Biodiversity traditional knowledge • Advice the State Government in the Board (SBB) selection of areas of biodiversity importance to be notified as “Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS)” and To fulfill the above objectives, Local Level: suggest measures for their the Biological Diversity Act, Biodiversity management 2002 (BDA, 2002) was enacted Management • Provide guidance to BMCs in 2003. Committees (BMCs) • Other functions to achieve goals of BDA, 2002 Sources : Forest Department, Government of Gujarat 7 BIODIVERSITY & FOREST ECOSYSTEM INDIA SCENARIO: FOREST & LIVELIHOOD There are around 1.73 lakh villages located in and around forests. Almost 40 to 60 per cent of their total income is derived from sale of forest products Forestry & logging contributes People living in these forest fringe to nearly 1.2 percent to India's villages depend upon forest for a GDP variety of goods and services like The Indian forest products collection of edible fruits, medicines; industry had total revenue of firewood for cooking (some also sale in USD 65,844.6 million in the market); materials for agricultural 2011, representing a implements; fodder for livestock; and compound annual growth rate collection of a range of marketable non- (CAGR) of 5.5 percent between timber forest products. 2007 and 2011 Sources : Forest & Environment Department, Government of India; TERI; http://www.iifm.ac.in/sites/default/files/working/IIFMWP-13-10-01.pdf 8 1.3 Biodiversity & Forest Ecosystem: Gujarat Scenario 9 BIODIVERSITY & FOREST ECOSYSTEM FOREST COVER IN GUJARAT The Forest area of Gujarat is about 11.05 % of total geographical area of the State Increase in forest cover (in sq. km.) Forest Cover map of Gujarat 14,619 14,653 16,000 12,913 11,907 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1991 2001 2011 2013 Estimated tree cover outside forest area is around 7,837 km sq (~4 percent of the geographical area of the state) Bamboo bearing area in the forests of the state is around 4,091 km sq. Has almost 1315 species of medicinal plants Sources : Department of Forest, Government of Gujarat, http://www.fsi.org.in/cover_2013/gujrat.pdf, Socio Economic Review 2013- 14 10 BIODIVERSITY & FOREST ECOSYSTEM BIOGEOGRAPHIC LANDSCAPE IN GUJARAT Gujarat contains four out of the ten biogeographic zones in India and covers six major ecosystems Natural ecosystems of Gujarat range from wetlands (34,750 sq. km), grasslands (8,483 sq. km) and deciduous forests (18,868 sq. km) to deserts (23,000 sq. km). Its coastline, which spreads across almost 1600 km, houses variety of coastal ecosystems like mangroves, coral reefs, estuaries and mudflats Out of 16 Forest types found in India, 4 are present in Gujarat Moist and dry deciduous forest are located mainly in the eastern belt from Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests Banaskantha to Valsad The State harbors 14 percent of fish, 9 percent amphibians, 19 percent of reptiles, 37 percent of birds and 25 percent of the mammals recorded in the country Littoral and Swamps (including Mangroves) Thorn Forests Sources : http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/radioserials/indian_flora.pdf, , Department of Forest, Government of Gujarat 11 BIODIVERSITY & FOREST ECOSYSTEM BIODIVERSITY Gujarat is very rich in biodiversity, owing to varied biogeographic zones. So far, 4,228 species of plants and 2,728 species of animals have been recorded. Out of the 8 threatened mammalian species in India, each having a single population in the world, 2 of them (the Asiatic lion and Wild Ass) are found only in Gujarat Almost 8.6 percent of state’s geographical area is protected wildlife area. The rare great Indian bustard reserves, the world's only four-horned antelope and the Black Buck are some other valued species protected in Gujarat Sources : , Department of Forest, Government of Gujarat 12 BIODIVERSITY & FOREST ECOSYSTEM WETLANDS IN GUJARAT The extent of wetlands in Gujarat is about 34,750 sq. km (17.6% of the state’s geographical area) and 62% & 5.7% of India’s coastal wetlands and inland wetlands respectively are in Gujarat Gujarat’s wetlands can be categorized in three types: (i) Inland 9 protected areas have been identified wetlands, in the wetlands of the state: (ii) Coastal wetlands, and (iii) The Rann • Great Rann Wildlife Sanctuary • Wild Ass Sanctuary in Little Rann • Marine National Park • Marine Sanctuary • Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary • Thol Lake Bird Sanctuary • Porbandar Bird Sanctuary • Khijadia Bird Sanctuary • Chharidhund Conservation Reserve Great White Pelican, Nalsarovar Oriental Darter and Cormorant Western Reef Egret near at Khijadia Bird Sanctuary Jamnagar coast Diversity of flora and fauna is high in the wetlands of Gujarat. • A total of 3,23 species of wetlands of India are endemic or globally threatened, and at least 30 of them are from Gujarat. • Of 114 endemic wetland plants of India, Giant Sea Anemone in Marine Avicennia marina in Marine 11 are found in the wetlands of Gujarat White Rann National Park, Jamnagar National Park, Jamnagar 13 Sources: Forest Department, Government of Gujarat 1.3 Gujarat Scenario Key Government Initiatives and Areas for Collaboration 14 COLLABORATION OPPORTUNITIES ECOTOURISM Eco Development Development Development of of modern Livelihood/Pr Eco friendly infrastructure technology for oductivity vehicles and facility for preservation enhancement Eco Tourism of sites activities Non- Training and conventional capacity sources of building of Development of Land Use energy in & government research, pattern around officials and laboratories Management protected community areas Corridor Habitat Wildlife Development, Water resource improvement rescue and linking various development treatment eco tourism sites Sources : Forest Department, Government of Gujarat 15 COLLABORATION OPPORTUNITIES: ECOTOURISM UNIQUE ECOSYSTEMS: SITES FOR ECOTOURISM (1/2) Sasan Gir, Junagadh Flamingo city, Kutch Saputara Located in the mudflats of the Rann, Saputara Hill Station is located in the It is the sole home of the Asiatic Lions the area is the largest breeding and is considered to be one of the Sahyadri Hill at an altitude of ground of flamingos, a migratory most important protected areas. approximately 1,000 metres species. Mangroves, Gulf of Kutch & Banni Grasslands, Kutch The Ranns, Kutch Khambhat Has been identified as the last Gujarat holds nearly quarter of Are the world’s only saline desert remaining habitats of the Cheetah in spread in 25,000 sq.
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