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THE FUNERAL MONUMENTS of the CAVENDISH FAMILY Eva Lauenstein

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THE FUNERAL MONUMENTS of the CAVENDISH FAMILY Eva Lauenstein PB Chapter 22 THE FUNERAL MONUMENTS OF THE CAVENDISH FAMILY Eva Lauenstein The life of the Thrice Noble, High and Puissant Prince William Cavendishe (1667), Inhusband during the vil ar h the ruinous erial landscape of the endish Margaret Lucas Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle reflects on the losses incurred by her Ci W throug mat Cav dynasty:Nor is it possible or him o epair l the ruines of the e that is left him, in so a time, y being so , and his losses so able, that cannot without grief f t r al Estat short the great consider viz. I y his andmother ofand trouble remember them; for before the Wars my Lord had as great an Estate as any sub- ject in the Kingdom, descended upon him most b1y Women, b Gr his Father’s side, his own Mother, and his first Wife. es loss h a ed built the “ruines of the ” TheMargar oleet offormulat landholdingses the “griefand the” and buildings “trouble” that creat inhabited b ythem war througis crucialh place, in ashioning and she tabulatendish througy . dilapidat , sheenvironment: understands the consolidation ofEstate. y err h place o be ed y omen. h ’s andmother”f Cav famil identity Simultaneously famil pow throug t facilitat b w Throug William “Gr Elizabeth Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury (Bess of Hardwick), “his own Mother” Katherine,ements Baroness the Ogolele, of and his and “first gender Wif e”in Elizabethher Basset onHowar of thed the endishfamily attainedline, hat their statuss will in the landscapese w of ’sDerbyshir constructione. Taking of mortuary the lead space from Margaret’sed stat about r place characterizati Cav assertingw malefollow “Lineage,explor hoementswomen and al ” e will ercontribut some to narrativwn ombses of Cavngsideendish those influence. that Bey lookingo beybeenond less the monument’sell Theusefulness wing in will place achieve e in themor virtues,xt of w ed encountecent2 est inwell- the knoole of t alalo and eligious space havy suchhithert scholars as w astudied. alsham, Willfollo , and ewcommemorativ In doingarchitectur so, it will assessconte w ombsrenew y re beeninter ed in ther constructioncultur of3r wider be “imagined communities”Alexandr ofW century Coster Andr Spicer. ho t ma hav employ collectiv seventeenth- 1 The Life of the Thrice Noble, High and Puissant Prince William Cavendishe, Duke, Marquess and Earl of Newcastle Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, 2 The Seventeenth Century (London, 1667), 93. 3 a alsham, The Reformation of the Landscape: Religion, Identity, and Memory in Early Graham Parry, “Cavendish Memorials,” 9 (1994): 275–87 at 275. Modern Britain and Ireland Alexandr W ed., Sacred Space in Early Modern Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012); Will Coster and Andrew Spicer, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005). 388 eva l auenste In wing on the elegies and epitaphs that accompanied the building of a tion of 4 endish monuments, the ’s ed emphasis on male building England. Dra selec- SampsonCav use the omb within xtualtomb ormsperceiv of ance, this legacy-er es will be further destabilized. By exploring how writers such as Ben Jonson and William t te f remembr chapt investigat the symbolic value of tombs as objects that avowed female participation in the building builtof the using Cavendish sical dynasty erials,. Thus as it alsoell asdraw in s onorical findings and b y Paulal St ock and Doing Patricia so Phillipps usy thato view stress ombs the interras elationshipsentions betwo a een objected eligious, and text: social, “ho wand spaces5 political are y phythat matessed w’s function rhetas authors and culturectsterms.” of domestic and allownational concort t interv int shar r topograph expr women archit alised andd. legitimised the cise of y a male ch householdPeter Sher andlock writes that the early modern tomb created “family fictions” that “natur 6 exer power b patriar over his manor.” However, as objects placed in public and semipublic spaces, monuments were instrumental in shaping fictions of wider communal unity in the landscapesers of theirwher e theery wer in ae wider situat ed. Muched like the castles,. countrye is houses,this ande estates builtthan inby thethe Cavombendishes, of Bess theirof tombswick, r epurposedthe ’s locations ounding of public chsignificance into. mark pow shar environment Nowher mor apparent the south aislet of the chHard of All Saints familyin f. The matriaral ocus of(Figure the omb22.1 ) Designed by Robert Smythson between 1601 and 1603, her wall monument occupies y a w ed Chur The o columnsDerby support ancentr f e on hicht is visualthe alabast languageer effigy of of Bess,y 7standsframed on eithere all else side ob y blackoclaim columns the deceased’s and surmounted place ab shalloed coffery arch.. The twx al cheon entablaturings ogether thew armsthe Bess with the marshalledheraldr arms of theabov albot t . prThus her omb appears o in share Bessfamil identityy with complelast marriagecentr oescut ge br , 6tht l of of , ing er this al ementT andfamily acting as t s o the t asso- ciat primaril her t Geor Talbot Ear Shrewsbury. e o endish Yet tower ov centr8 achiev supporter t escutcheon ar tw Cav stags. Visually, the tomb spins a narrative of consolidation, but one 4 Benedict on, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism Anders 5 aul ock, ory and the Uses of ” in The Uses of Space in Early Modern History, ed. aul (London: Verso, 2006; first published by Verso 1983), 6. P St “Hist Space, P Early Modern Women Stock (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), 1– 18, 2; Patricia Phillippy, “ ‘Monumental Circles’ 6 er lock, Monuments and Memory in Early Modern England and Material Culture in Early Modern England,” 4 (2009): 139–47 at 141. 7 olaus , Derbyshire Pet Sher (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008), 19. Nik Pevsner , rev. Elizabeth Williamson (London: Penguin, 2000; first published The Feminine Dynamic in English Art, 1485– 1603: Women as Consumers, by Penguin, 1953), 170. The inscription was only added sixty- nine years after the completion of the Patrons and Painters monument. Susan E. James, 8 This as Bess’s chosen orm of aldry as ager ess of sbury and can also (Farnham: Ashgate, 2009), 14. Embroideries at Hardwick Hall: A Catalogue w f her Dow Count Shrew be found at Hardwick Hall. See Santina M. Levey, (London: National Trust, 2007), 32. PB 389 t he f uneral MonuMent s 22.1. Robert Smythson. Tomb of Elizabeth T , C ess of Shr sbury (Bess of wick). Ca. 1601, alabast . C ch of All Saints (Der y C al), Der . E a Lauenst Figure albot ount ew Hard er hur b athedr by v ein. 390 eva l auenste In hich discloses the our Bess ed on endish spring. The al ument es the nuanced eb of y ties, the s and balances of w ed y Bess faveen wick,bestow y her Cavw), endish,off . Loe,funer and mon- hreformulat marriage as a fashioned accountw familof the triumph ofcheck C endish f y authoritypower creatWhileb Bess’s ombbetw Hards a lizedBarle image(Barlo of y unityCav that St es the ourTalbot througed on her endish sons, it as also an ention avo the publicamil space of . t display sty famil As essed y Nigeldeclar yn,fav she monuments,conferr y theirCav ery e, w e embeddedinterv9 in a ich visualint e within “the greathichest” ofe “fiuethe Churocus chesof social in the Towne” It is of Derby. e str prisingb that Bess’sLlewell will funerary that her ombb sits at thev naturx of a “wer10 x ention r o the viccultur and otionalbuildings w wer f life.” therefor unsur discloses t ape comple interv int ci dev fabric of Derby:y Bodie commit … o be ed in All es che at e in the place of same che e with is ed and yned that y ombe and mshalbe I ed and t e …bury her sonne WillmHallow dchur endisheDerby o e one the chur wher appoynt Determ m T monument eerrect for r yringbuilt her Almeshouse at Der Lore f Caveuer t bestow hundred poundes or some thinge that the profit therof might be11 bestowed as occasion should requir epa by or . Bess’sscape thatwill showincludeds that the the creationenance of her of “family’s fiction alms ”house was intimatel or y” link Theed alms to the house pro- ductionas part of of public the services andal space;k her of the monument parish wasch. part It ofas a commemoratived on a portione land of- land “buttinge uppon themaint er Derbye des the east”“f andeuer. ed , weads, & denarchitectur ” as wellnetwor as a portion of hatchur is w thew churlocat d of All Saints, y encasing the rivch withinof Darwent its towar This ximityincorporat as important“toft becausest thegar htplotts, poor men and our poor omenw of theno12 chyar e o orme effectivele aiers & other duties”chur in the “southlandholdings. e or chancell”pro e w“her ” is o e and placeeig her said f epairingw o the e ofinstitution Bess’s werermentt “at“perf orp near sixtheir ’clock,pr both in the enoon and13 queer” the poor ould, “withwher open andLa audiblet “erect Toumbe.” R t sit int ” e their ers een y the imposing e, the o for afternoon, w 14 voice, recit pray overs b monument. Furthermor 9 William , The Abridgment of Camden’s Britan̄ia With the Maps of the Seuerall Shires of England and Wales Camden 10 Nigel yn, Funeral Monuments in Post-Reformation England Cambridge (London, 1626), sig. H1v. Llewell (Cambridge: 11 University Press, 2000), 6. The Will of Bess of Hardwick, PROB 11/ 11, Public Record Office, The National Archives, Kew, 12 H. , “Supplemental es on the Almshouse of Elizabeth, ess of ” fols.
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