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Short Notes on Alaska Geology 2003

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Short Notes on Alaska Geology 2003 PROFESSIONAL REPORT 120 SHORT NOTES ON ALASKA GEOLOGY 2003 State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL & GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS Rodney A. Combellick Acting Director 2003 SHORT NOTES ON ALASKA GEOLOGY 2003 Edited by Karen H. Clautice and Paula K. Davis Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Professional Report 120 Recent research on Alaska geology Fairbanks, Alaska 2003 Front cover photo: Badlands topography in poorly consolidated sandstone of the Eocene Sagavanirktok Formation at Franklin Bluffs on Alaska’s North Slope south of Prudhoe Bay. (Photo by Gil Mull) i FOREWORD In keeping with the tradition of previous issues of Short Notes on Alaska Geology, this issue offers articles on a range of geologic topics in Alaska as diverse as the authors who prepared them. By my brief read, the articles cover the fields of geochemistry, geochronology, mineralogy, petrology, petrography, structural geology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, and paleontology. The authors represent the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), University of Alaska Fairbanks, U.S. Geological Survey, and numerous other universities and private companies in the U.S., Canada, Ireland, and even Czech Republic. We greatly appreciate their efforts in this significant contribution toward STATE OF ALASKA advancing the knowledge of Alaska’s geology. Frank H. Murkowski, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Assembling and publishing a high-quality collection of peer- Tom Irwin, Commissioner reviewed articles such as this require significant dedication of time and effort over a period of at least a year and a half. For this issue DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL & of Short Notes, Karen Clautice served as technical editor and Paula GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS Davis as publications specialist, in addition to their regular work Rodney A. Combellick, Acting Director commitments. Even in this age of sophisticated publication software, layout of a professional publication is a significant effort, here performed expertly by Joni Robinson. To the authors, editors, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys and publications staff we owe a large debt of gratitude. publications may be inspected at the following locations. Address mail orders to the Fairbanks office. Lastly, DGGS publications like Short Notes on Alaska Geology would not exist without the continued interest of you, our readers, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys in new information about the geology of this state for your own Attn: Geologic Communications Section purposes in understanding, developing, and preserving its 794 University Avenue, Suite 200 resources. We value your comments on this and other DGGS Fairbanks, Alaska 99709-3645 publications, nearly all of which are available through the DGGS http://wwwdggs.dnr.state.ak.us [email protected] Web site. Department of Natural Resources Public Information Center 550 W 7th Ave., Suite 1250 Anchorage, Alaska 99501-3557 Rodney A. Combellick Acting Director This publication, released by the Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), was produced and printed in Anchorage, Alaska, by A.T. Publishing & Printing Company, at a cost of $17 per copy. Authority to print this and other publications comes from Alaska Statute 41.08.020, which charges DGGS “to determine the potential of Alaskan land for production of metals, minerals, fuels, and geothermal resources; the location and supplies of groundwater and construction materials; the potential geologic hazards to buildings, roads, bridges, and other installations and structures; and . conduct such other surveys and investigations as will advance knowledge of the geology of Alaska.” ii CONTENTS Potassic magmatism on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, and Cape Dezhnev, northeastern Russia: Geochemistry, 40Ar/39Ar ages, and implications for the tectonic evolution of the Bering Strait region J.M. Amato, E.L. Miller, A.T. Calvert, Jaime Toro, and J.E. Wright............................................................ 1 Ore mineralogy and mineral compositions from Golden Zone Mine, southcentral Alaska B.G. Gage and R.J. Newberry ...................................................................................................................... 21 Stratigraphy and geochemistry of the RW Zone, a new discovery at the Glacier Creek VMS prospect, Palmer property, Porcupine mining district, southeastern Alaska D.W. Green, J.G. MacVeigh, Merrill Palmer, D.H. Watkinson, and M.J. Orchard ...................................... 35 A Permian cool-water limestone from the Chulitna terrane, southcentral Alaska Simone Montayne and M.T. Whalen ............................................................................................................ 53 Mineralization and structural controls in the Kensington Mine and Berners Bay area, southeastern Alaska Earl Redman, Stan Caddey, Dave Harvey, and Mike Jaworski................................................................... 63 Preliminary petrographic study of 11 Mississippian to Tertiary age sandstones, Sagavanirktok Quadrangle, Brooks Range foothills and North Slope, Alaska R.R. Reifenstuhl and A.E. Reifenstuhl.......................................................................................................... 71 Gastropod opercula from the Silurian and Devonian of Alaska D.M. Rohr and R.B. Blodgett....................................................................................................................... 83 New Silurian Murchisoniid gastropods from Alaska and a review of the genus Coelocaulus D.M. Rohr, R.B. Blodgett, and Jiøí Frýda .................................................................................................... 87 Alaskadiscus, A new Bellerophontoidean gastropod from the upper Ordovician of the York and Farewell terranes of Alaska D.M. Rohr, Jiøí Frýda, and R.B. Blodgett .................................................................................................... 95 New mapping near Iron Creek, Talkeetna Mountains, indicates presence of Nikolai Greenstone J.M. Schmidt, M.B. Werdon, and Bruce Wardlaw ........................................................................................ 101 New paleontological investigations of Triassic carbonate rocks in the Upper Chulitna District (Chulitna terrane), southcentral Alaska G.D. Stanley and J.M. Yarnell ...................................................................................................................... 109 Previous editions of Short Notes on Alaska Geology ........................................................................................ 117 iii POTASSIC MAGMATISM ON ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKA, AND CAPE DEZHNEV, NORTHEAST RUSSIA: EVIDENCE FOR EARLY CRETACEOUS SUBDUCTION IN THE BERING STRAIT REGION Jeffrey M. Amato,1 Elizabeth L. Miller,2 Andrew T. Calvert,3 Jaime Toro,4 and James E. Wright5 ABSTRACT Field mapping, geochemical investigations, and geochronology of Cretaceous igneous rocks on St. Lawrence Island were initiated to elucidate the geologic relationships between Russia and Alaska. These data suggest that the Cretaceous magmatic history of St. Lawrence Island can be divided into an early phase of potassic plutonism around 113 Ma and a subsequent phase of larger-volume subalkaline magmatism between 110 and 100 Ma (and possibly younger). A nepheline syenite on St. Lawrence Island is part of a roughly east–west belt of similar potassic/ultrapotassic plutons that stretches from the western Yukon–Koyukuk basin to Cape Dezhnev, Russia. 40Ar/39Ar biotite dates of 113 ± 1 Ma (St. Lawrence) and 110 ± 1 Ma (Dezhnev) indicate that these two plutons are coeval with the other plutons in the belt. The subalkaline Sevuokuk pluton ranges from granodiorite to granite. A 40Ar/39Ar biotite date from the northern part of the pluton is 110 ± 0.5 Ma, and a biotite from the southern part is 100 ± 0.6 Ma. Neodymium isotope data (εNd) from the Sevuokuk pluton range from -0.75 to -3.09, and initial 87Sr/86Sr ranges from 0.7060 to 0.7076. The Iwoonut pluton is a 87 86 monzodiorite that is alkaline but less potassic than the syenites. It has εNd of -0.35 and initial Sr/ Sr of 0.7063, and a biotite from this pluton yields an age of 102 ± 0.5 Ma. The subalkaline plutonic and volcanic rocks are comagmatic. Plutonic rocks on St. Lawrence Island are unfoliated, but volcanic rocks dip dominantly to the southwest up to 70 degrees, with some units dipping more shallowly southeast or northwest. A subduction-related origin is proposed for both phases of magmatism on St. Lawrence Island. The potassic plutons may represent small degrees of partial melting of subcontinental lithosphere during the early phases of a north-directed subduction system. Younger subalkaline magmatism may represent higher degrees of partial melt of the same source region in the same tectonic setting. Deformation associated with this magmatism in the Bering Strait region occurred in an extensional regime possibly linked to slab-rollback within the subduction zone. INTRODUCTION St. Lawrence Island is the largest island on the Bering relationship between the potassic plutons to major Shelf between Russia and Alaska and was the subject of tectonic boundaries, (c) the relationship between reconnaissance investigations by the U.S.Geological younger subalkalic magmatism to the Okhotsk– Survey in the late 1960s and early 1970s (Patton and Chukotsk volcanic belt in Russia, and (d) the tectonic Csejtey, 1971; Csejtey and Patton, 1974). St. Lawrence setting of mid-Cretaceous
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