REAUTHORIZATION OF THE PATRIOT ACT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME, TERRORISM, AND HOMELAND SECURITY OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MARCH 9, 2011 Serial No. 112–14 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://judiciary.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 65–076 PDF WASHINGTON : 2011 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Aug 31 2005 12:28 Apr 21, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 H:\WORK\CRIME\030911\65076.000 HJUD1 PsN: 65076 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY LAMAR SMITH, Texas, Chairman F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., JOHN CONYERS, JR., Michigan Wisconsin HOWARD L. BERMAN, California HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina JERROLD NADLER, New York ELTON GALLEGLY, California ROBERT C. ‘‘BOBBY’’ SCOTT, Virginia BOB GOODLATTE, Virginia MELVIN L. WATT, North Carolina DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California ZOE LOFGREN, California STEVE CHABOT, Ohio SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas DARRELL E. ISSA, California MAXINE WATERS, California MIKE PENCE, Indiana STEVE COHEN, Tennessee J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., STEVE KING, Iowa Georgia TRENT FRANKS, Arizona PEDRO PIERLUISI, Puerto Rico LOUIE GOHMERT, Texas MIKE QUIGLEY, Illinois JIM JORDAN, Ohio JUDY CHU, California TED POE, Texas TED DEUTCH, Florida JASON CHAFFETZ, Utah LINDA T. SA´ NCHEZ, California TOM REED, New York DEBBIE WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Florida TIM GRIFFIN, Arkansas TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania TREY GOWDY, South Carolina DENNIS ROSS, Florida SANDY ADAMS, Florida BEN QUAYLE, Arizona SEAN MCLAUGHLIN, Majority Chief of Staff and General Counsel PERRY APELBAUM, Minority Staff Director and Chief Counsel SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME, TERRORISM, AND HOMELAND SECURITY F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., Wisconsin, Chairman LOUIE GOHMERT, Texas, Vice-Chairman BOB GOODLATTE, Virginia ROBERT C. ‘‘BOBBY’’ SCOTT, Virginia DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California STEVE COHEN, Tennessee J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., TED POE, Texas Georgia JASON CHAFFETZ, Utah PEDRO PIERLUISI, Puerto Rico TIM GRIFFIN, Arkansas JUDY CHU, California TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania TED DEUTCH, Florida TREY GOWDY, South Carolina DEBBIE WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Florida SANDY ADAMS, Florida SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas BEN QUAYLE, Arizona MIKE QUIGLEY, Illinois CAROLINE LYNCH, Chief Counsel BOBBY VASSAR, Minority Counsel (II) VerDate Aug 31 2005 12:28 Apr 21, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 0486 H:\WORK\CRIME\030911\65076.000 HJUD1 PsN: 65076 C O N T E N T S MARCH 9, 2011 Page OPENING STATEMENTS The Honorable F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr., a Representative in Congress from the State of Wisconsin, and Chairman, Subcommittee on Crime, Ter- rorism, and Homeland Security .......................................................................... 1 The Honorable Robert C. ‘‘Bobby’’ Scott, a Representative in Congress from the State of Virginia, and Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Crime, Ter- rorism, and Homeland Security .......................................................................... 2 The Honorable Lamar Smith, a Representative in Congress from the State of Texas, and Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary ..................................... 4 The Honorable John Conyers, Jr., a Representative in Congress from the State of Michigan, and Ranking Member, Committee on the Judiciary ......... 5 WITNESSES Todd M. Hinnen, Acting Assistant Attorney General, National Security Divi- sion, Department of Justice Oral Testimony ..................................................................................................... 8 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 10 Robert S. Litt, General Counsel, Office of the Director of National Intellilgence Oral Testimony ..................................................................................................... 16 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 18 Nathan A. Sales, Assistant Professor of Law, George Mason University Oral Testimony ..................................................................................................... 24 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 26 Julian Sanchez, Research Fellow, Cato Institute Oral Testimony ..................................................................................................... 36 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 38 LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING Report by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) submitted by the Honorable Henry C. ‘‘Hank’’ Johnson, Jr., a Representative in Congress from the State of Georgia, and Member, Subcommittee on Crime, Ter- rorism, and Homeland Security .......................................................................... 61 APPENDIX MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING RECORD Prepared Statement of the Honorable Henry C. ‘‘Hank’’ Johnson, Jr., a Rep- resentative in Congress from the State of Georgia, and Member, Sub- committee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security ................................ 99 Letter from Debra Burlingame, Co-Founder, and Timothy Killeen, Executive Director, Keep America Safe ............................................................................... 101 Letter from J. Adler, National President, the Federal Law Enforcement Offi- cers Association (FLEOA) .................................................................................... 102 Letter from Konrad Motyka, President, the Federal Bureau of Investigation Agents Association ............................................................................................... 105 (III) VerDate Aug 31 2005 12:28 Apr 21, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 H:\WORK\CRIME\030911\65076.000 HJUD1 PsN: 65076 VerDate Aug 31 2005 12:28 Apr 21, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 H:\WORK\CRIME\030911\65076.000 HJUD1 PsN: 65076 REAUTHORIZATION OF THE PATRIOT ACT WEDNESDAY, MARCH 9, 2011 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME, TERRORISM, AND HOMELAND SECURITY, COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 1:30 p.m., in room 2141, Rayburn Office Building, the Honorable F. James Sensen- brenner, Jr. (Chairman of the Subcommittee) presiding. Present: Representatives Sensenbrenner, Smith, Gohmert, Lun- gren, Poe, Chaffetz, Griffin, Marino, Gowdy, Adams, Quayle, Scott, Conyers, Johnson, Chu, Wasserman Schultz, and Quigley. Staff present: (Majority) Caroline Lynch, Subcommittee Chief Counsel; Sarah Allen, Counsel; Arthur Radford Baker, Counsel; Sam Ramer, Counsel; Lindsay Hamilton, Clerk; (Minority) Bobby Vassar, Subcommittee Chief Counsel; Sam Sokol, Counsel; and Veronica Eligan, Professional Staff Member. Mr. SENSENBRENNER. The Subcommittee will come to order. And welcome to today’s hearing on the reauthorization of the PA- TRIOT Act. I would like to especially welcome our witnesses and thank you for joining us today. Presently I am joined by the distinguished Ranking Member and Chairman emeritus of the Subcommittee, Bobby Scott of Virginia. There will be more Members that will be coming later on. I yield myself 5 minutes for an opening statement. Today’s hearing on the reauthorization of the PATRIOT Act will focus on three provisions set to expire May 27th: section 206, rov- ing authority; section 215, business records; and the ‘‘lone wolf’’ definition. Last month, Congress approved a 90-day extension of these pro- visions to ensure their continued use by the intelligence commu- nity. The extension also affords this Committee the opportunity to review how these provisions are used and how to assist our na- tional security investigations and to ensure that they are not being misused. The Committee plans to hold an additional hearing later this month on the permanent provisions of the PATRIOT Act. As the then Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, I oversaw the enactment of the USA PATRIOT Act in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Title 2 of the act addressed enhanced for- eign intelligence and law enforcement surveillance authority. 14 of the 16 sections of that title were made permanent by the 2005 PA- TRIOT Act reauthorization. The roving wiretap and business (1) VerDate Aug 31 2005 12:28 Apr 21, 2011 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6601 H:\WORK\CRIME\030911\65076.000 HJUD1 PsN: 65076 2 records provisions were extended to December 31st, 2009. Also set to expire on that date was section 6001 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorist Prevention Act of 2004, which we call IRTPA, the lone wolf definition. Congress did not enact a reauthorization in 2009. Instead the expiring provisions were extended three times, first for 60 days, then for a year, and now for 90 days, and it is time for Congress to reauthorize this law. Congress should make permanent the lone wolf definition. This provision closes a gap in FISA that if allowed to expire could per- mit an additional terrorist to slip through the cracks and carry out his plot undetected. It has nothing to do whatsoever with any type of surveillance on these people. That is in other parts of the