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Study of Flora and Fauna in Study Area and Impacts of Projects

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Study of Flora and Fauna in Study Area and Impacts of Projects Study Of Flora And Fauna In Study Area and impacts of projects Biological environment Ecology is the study of the relation and interactions between organisms and their environment. It comprises the floral and faunal communities of an area. With changes in environmental conditions, structure, density and composition of plants, animals also undergo changes. For the proposed study, the study area has been identified as 10km around the project site. Himachal Pradesh is a predominantly mountainous state. Consequently, its climate is more congenial to forests. It comprises four forest zones-subtropical, sub-temperate, wet temprate and dry-temprate. The proposed mine area is situated in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh. The forests of the tract are well scattered on both the banks of river Beas. Scrub forests, Bamboo forests, Chil forests, Scrub mixed with chil, sal and other Broad Leaved forests are present which occur due to altitude, edaphic and biotic factors. Kangra forest consist various type of vegetation and faunal biodiversity. Objectives of the Study For sustainable and eco-friendly mining project development, biological environment is studied. As per EIA 2006 norms study are classified in 2 parts. One is core zone where mining proposed and another part is buffer zone that’s 10 km radius of mine lease area. The present study was undertaken with the following objectives: To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the project site; To assess the distribution of animal life spectra; To understand the productivity of the water bodies; To assess the biodiversity and to understand the resource potential; and To ascertain migratory routes of fauna and possibility of breeding grounds. Methodology for Baseline Data Generation To achieve the above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken in 10km radius around proposed mine area. The different methods adopted were as follows: Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area; Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd Page 1 Discussion with local people so as to elicit information about local plants, animals and birds. The primary data was generated through:- Preparing a general checklist of all plants encountered in the study area. This would indicate the diversity for plants. Determining the bird population of migratory and local birds by taking 10 random readings at every Location; Observing mammals, amphibians and reptiles, noting their calls, droppings, burrows, pugmarks and other signs. Core zone: The study area of core zone consist river bed with rocks. There is no vegetation present except some grasses. Buffer zone: Buffer zone defined from mine lease area. It is 10km radius of ML area. There are 6 forest namely Panjal Reseve Forest (3.67 Km, SE), Dadhoa protected forest (4.25 km, NE), Sansarpur Reserve Forest (6.48 km, N), Chalan Protected Forest (7.33 Km, E), Karanpur Reserve Forest (8.54 km, NW) and Pong Dam Bird Sanctuary (~9.0 km) shown in Figure-1. Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd Page 2 Figure 1: 10km Environmental Sensitivity Map Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd Page 3 3.4. Flora Study of biological environment is one of the important aspects in Environmental Impact Assessment in view of the need for conservation of Environmental quality. We were carried out a detailed enumeration of species occurrences of flora at various locations were observed and typical plant species were collected. The visual observations of plants were recorded with a view to obtaining some idea about the relative density of certain species and their predominance. Project influence area have several floral species have been reported with some prominent tree species are Cassia fistula, Ficus bengalenses, Aegle marmelos, Phoenix sylvestris, Mangifera indica, Azadaricta indica, Dalbergia sisso, Calotropis procera, Terminalica arjuna. Sum of 111 plant species were recorded illustrated inTable-1. Table 1: List of Flora Present in Study Area S. No. Family Botanical Name Local Name 1. Acanthaceae Adhatoda zeylanica Basuti 2. Acanthaceae Strobilanthes auriculata Kapur minngar 3. Agavaceae Agave americana Ram ban 4. Amaranthaceae Deeringia amaranthoides Bhirang 5. Anacardiceae Mangifera indica Aam 6. Anacardiceae Pistacia integerrima Kakrain 7. Anonaceae Miliusa velutina Chopar chilla 8. Apocynceae Ichinocarpus frutescens Bakkarbel 9. Apocynceae Carissa opaca Garuna 10. Apocynceae Nerium oleander Ghanira Gandheela 11. Apocynceae Holarrhena pubescens Keor 12. Apocynceae Wrightia arborea Khalawa 13. Arecaceae Phoenix sylvestris Khajoor 14. Asclepiadaceae Calotropis procera Aak 15. Asclepiadaceae Cryptolepis buchananii Jaman khumb 16. Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Gha buti 17. Bignoniaceae Stereospermum chelonoides Padal 18. Bignoniaceae Oroxylum indicum Tatplanga 19. Bombacaceae Bombax cieba Simal 20. Caeselpinaceae Cassia fistula Amaltas 21. Caeselpinaceae Cassia occidentalis Chakunda 22. Caeselpinaceae Bauhinia variegata Kachnar, Karal 23. Caeselpinaceae Bauhinia malabarica Kacnnar, Karal 24. Caeselpinaceae Cassia tora Panwar 25. Caeselpinaceae Caesalpinia decapetala Ralan, Arlu 26. Caeselpinaceae Bauhinia vahlii Taur 27. Cannabinaceae Cannabis sativa Bhang 28. Capparaceae Crataeva religiosa Barna 29. Celastraceae Euonymus pendulus Bharmela 30. Celastraceae Celastrus paniculatus Sankhiran 31. Combretaceae Terminalia arjuna Arjan 32. Combretaceae Terminalia bellirica Bahera 33. Combretaceae Anogeissus latifolius Chhal 34. Combretaceae Terminalia chebula Harar 35. Cuscutaceae Cuscuta reflexa Amar bel 36. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea deltoides - 37. Dipterocarpaceae Shorea robusta Sal 38. Ebenaceae Diospyros cordifolia Kala dhao 39. Ehretiaceae Cordia vestita Kumbhi 40. Ehretiaceae Cordia dichotoma Lasura 41. Ehretiaceae Ehretia acuminata Sakar 42. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus emblica Amla 43. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion velutinum Chamar-saman 44. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia royleana Chhun 45. Euphorbiaceae Bridelia squamosa Gaddi 46. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha curcas Jamnota 47. Euphorbiaceae Mallotus philippensis Kamal 48. Euphorbiaceae Bischofia javanica Marak 49. Fabaceae Butea monosperma Dhak, Plah 50. Fabaceae Mucuna pruriens Gajal bel 51. Fabaceae Desmodium velutinum Jagru 52. Fabaceae Abrus precatorius Rattak 53. Fabaceae Pueraria tuberosa Salod 54. Fabaceae Dalbergia sissoo Shisham 55. Fabaceae Pongamia pinnata Sukhcha 56. Liliaceae Asparagus racemosus Musli 57. Lythraceae Woodfordia fruticosa Dhawi 58. Malpighiaceae Aspidopterys wallichii Dhur bel 59. Malpighiaceae Hiptage benghalensis Malti wan 60. Malvaceae Urena lobata Unga 61. Meliaceae Melia azedarach Drek 62. Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Neem 63. Meliaceae Toona ciliata Tun Tun 64. Menispermaceae Stephania elegans Batindu 65. Mimosaceae Albizia odoratissima Karmaru 66. Mimosaceae Acacia catechu Khair 67. Mimosaceae Acacia nilotica spp. indica Kikar 68. Mimosaceae Albizia chinensis Ohi 69. Mimosaceae Acacia modesta Phalai 70. Mimosaceae Acacia leucophloea Riur 71. Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Bohar 72. Moraceae Ficus hispida Dagur 73. Moraceae Ficus palmata Dogla 74. Moraceae Ficus nemoralis Dudla 75. Moraceae Ficus semicordata Kandroi 76. Moraceae Ficus subincisa Karanda 77. Moraceae Morus serrata Karun 78. Moraceae Ficus virens Padari 79. Moraceae Ficus rumphii Palakh 80. Moraceae Ficus religiosa Pipal 81. Moraceae Ficus sarmentosa Rudhar 82. Moraceae Ficus racemosa Rumbal 83. Moraceae Morus macroura Shah-tut 84. Moraceae Morus australis Sia-tut 85. Moraceae Morus alba Tut 86. Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Sanan 87. Myrsinaceae Maesa indica Burkani 88. Oleaceae Olea ferruginea Kao 89. Pinaceae Pinus roxburghii Chil 90. Poaceae Eulaliopsis binata Bagar 91. Poaceae Dendrocalamus strictus Bans Bain 92. Poaceae Chrysopogan montana Dholu 93. Poaceae Saccharum spontaneum Kahi 94. Poaceae Artistida adscensionis Lambi 95. Poaceae Hetropogon contortus Lambu 96. Poaceae Sorghum nitidum Lunji 97. Poaceae Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Mohar 98. Punicaceae Punica granatum Anar 99. Rubiaceae Hymenodictyon orixense Barthua 100. Rutaceae Aegle marmelos Bil 101. Rutaceae Murraya koenigii Gandhla 102. Rutaceae Murraya paniculata Nargan 103. Sterculiaceae Helicteres isora Maror phalli 104. Tiliaceae Grewia optiva Dhaman 105. Tiliaceae Grewia eriocarpa Phalsa 106. Urticaceae Boehmeria platyphylla Padara 107. Verbenaceae Vitex negundo Bana 108. Verbenaceae Premna barbata Ginani 109. Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Sagwan 110. Vitaceae Cayratia trifolia Chamar bel 111. Vitaceae Ampelocissus latifolia Giddar Dakh 112. Cactaceae Opuntia elatior - 3.5. Fauna The information of important terrestrial animal groups such as birds, reptiles and mammals were collected by trekking inhabiting areas, along the road, nearby village areas and agricultural fields present in the impact zone. An inventory of the animals has been prepared separately for mammals, reptiles and birds. The faunal species are reported as Common Emmigrant, Pioneer, Monitor Lizard, Common myna, Gray Partridges, Indian Treepie, Parakeet, Jungle Crow, House Crow, Rock Pigeon, Green Bee eater, Red Watlled lopwing, Wood pecker and Indian hare. Some primary flora observed during the field survey presented in below table Out of which 17 species of mammals, 50 species of birds, 5 species of reptile, 4 species of fishes and 03 species of amphibians were recorded. Class wise list of species has been given below in Table-2 to 6 and shown in Figure-2. 50 45 40 s 35 e i c 30 e p S 25 f o . 20 o N 15 10 5 0 Mammals Birds Reptile Fishes Amphibians Fauna Figure 2: Class-wise Status
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