Toxicological Profile for Cyanide
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
DNA Alkylation by Leinamycin Can Be Triggered by Cyanide and Phosphines
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11 (2001) 1511–1515 DNA Alkylation by Leinamycin Can Be Triggered by Cyanide and Phosphines Hong Zang, Leonid Breydo, Kaushik Mitra, Jeffrey Dannaldson and Kent S. Gates* Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Received 24 January 2001; accepted 14 March 2001 Abstract—Previous work has shown that alkylation of DNA by the antitumor agent leinamycin (1) is potentiated by reaction of the antibiotic with thiols. Here, it is shown that other soft nucleophiles such as cyanide and phosphines can also trigger DNA alkylation by leinamycin. Overall, the results suggest that reactions of cyanide and phosphines with leinamycin produce the oxathiolanone intermediate (2), which is known to undergo rearrangement to the DNA-alkylating episulfonium ion 4. # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Leinamycin (1) is a potent antitumor antibiotic that properties of the antibiotic. Here we report that phos- contains a unique 1,2-dithiolan-3-one 1-oxide hetero- phines and cyanide are able to trigger DNA alkylation cycle.1,2 Reaction of thiols with this sulfur heterocycle in by the antitumor antibiotic leinamycin. Results of our leinamycin initiates chemistry that leads to oxidative chemical model reactions and DNA-damage experi- DNA damage and DNA alkylation.3À6 Thiol-triggered ments suggest that reaction of cyanide and phosphines DNA alkylation by leinamycin involves initial conver- with leinamycin affords the critical oxathiolanone inter- sion of the parent antibiotic to the oxathiolanone form mediate (2), which subsequently undergoes rearrangement 2,5,7 followed by rearrangement to the episulfonium ion to the DNA-alkylating episulfonium ion 4. -
Transport of Dangerous Goods
ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions. -
Sodium and Specialty Cyanides Production Facility Nicholas A
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Senior Design Reports (CBE) Engineering 4-20-2018 Sodium and Specialty Cyanides Production Facility Nicholas A. Baylis University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Parth N. Desai University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Kyle J. Kuhns University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr Part of the Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering Commons Baylis, Nicholas A.; Desai, Parth N.; and Kuhns, Kyle J., "Sodium and Specialty Cyanides Production Facility" (2018). Senior Design Reports (CBE). 101. https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr/101 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr/101 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sodium and Specialty Cyanides Production Facility Abstract Sodium cyanide and specialty cyanide production are essential operations for various industrial processes, with primary applications in mining and mineral processing. Sodium cyanide, despite the high toxicity inherent in the material and its production process, is expected to grow 5% annually, with a projected global demand of 1.1 million tonnes in 2018. This report details a process design for producing sodium cyanide through the use of two intermediate reactions and successive downstream separations. The first major step is the production of hydrogen cyanide gas from ammonia and methane derived from natural gas, via the industry standard Andrussow reaction over a platinum-rhodium gauze catalyst. Aqueous sodium cyanide is produced via a neutralization reaction of absorbed hydrogen cyanide gas with aqueous sodium hydroxide. Downstream processes include the crystallization of solid sodium cyanide from the aqueous product, with the solid product being removed from slurry and brought to low-moisture content through a series of solid-liquid separations. -
Cyanide Poisoning and How to Treat It Using CYANOKIT (Hydroxocobalamin for Injection) 5G
Cyanide Poisoning and How to Treat It Using CYANOKIT (hydroxocobalamin for injection) 5g 1. CYANOKIT (single 5-g vial) [package insert]. Columbia, MD: Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc.; 2011. Please see Important Safety Information on slides 3-4 and full Prescribing Information for CYANOKIT starting on slide 33. CYANOKIT is a registered trademark of SERB Sarl, licensed by Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc., a Pfizer company. Copyright © 2015 Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc., a Pfizer company. All rights reserved. CYK783109-01 November/2015. Indication and Important Safety Information……………………………………………………………………………….………..…..3 . Identifying Cyanide Poisoning……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….….5 . How CYANOKIT (hydroxocobalamin for injection) Works……………………………………………………………….12 . The Specifics of CYANOKIT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………17 . Administering CYANOKIT………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….21 . Storage and Disposal of CYANOKIT…................................................................................................................................26 . Grant Information for CYANOKIT……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....30 . Full Prescribing Information………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………33 Please see Important Safety Information on slides 3-4 and full Prescribing Information for CYANOKIT starting on slide 33. CYANOKIT (hydroxocobalamin for injection) 5 g for intravenous infusion is indicated for the treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning. -
9.7 Summary of Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides 421
09_BRCLoudon_pgs4-3.qxd 11/26/08 12:25 PM Page 420 420 CHAPTER 9 • THE CHEMISTRY OF ALKYL HALIDES The occurrence of some inversion also shows that the lifetime of a tertiary carbocation is 8 very small. It takes about 10_ second for a chloride counterion to diffuse away from a carbo- cation and be replaced by solvent. The carbocations that undergo inversion do not last long enough for this process to take place. The competition of backside substitution (which gives inversion) with racemization shows that the lifetime of the carbocation is approximately in 8 this range. In other words, a typical tertiary carbocation exists for about 10_ second before it is consumed by its reaction with solvent. This very small lifetime provides a graphic illustration just how reactive carbocations are. PROBLEMS 9.27 The optically active alkyl halide in Eq. 9.61 reacts at 60 C in anhydrous methanol solvent to give a methyl ether A plus alkenes. The substitution reaction° is reported to occur with 66% racemization and 34% inversion. Give the structure of ether A and state how much of each enantiomer of A is formed. 9.28 In light of the ion-pair hypothesis, how would you expect the stereochemical outcome of an SN1 reaction (percent racemization and inversion) to differ from the result discussed in this section for an alkyl halide that gives a carbocation intermediate which is considerably (a) more stable or (b) less stable than the one involved in Eq. 9.61? E. Summary of the SN1 and E1 Reactions Let’s summarize the important characteristics of the SN1 and E1 reactions. -
Safety Data Sheet According to 1907/2006/EC, Article 31 Printing Date 17.04.2015 Version Number 2 Revision: 17.04.2015
Page 1/10 Safety data sheet according to 1907/2006/EC, Article 31 Printing date 17.04.2015 Version number 2 Revision: 17.04.2015 * SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking · 1.1 Product identifier · Trade name: Arcuplat Schnellversilberung m. 30g Ag/l Arcuplat silver bath with 30 g Ag/l · 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against No further relevant information available. · Application of the substance / the mixture Galvanic bath · 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet · Manufacturer/Supplier: Wieland Dental + Technik GmbH & Co. KG Lindenstr. 2 75175 Pforzheim Telefon +49 (0) 7231-37050, Telefax +49 (0) 7231-357959 · Further information obtainable from: [email protected] · 1.4 Emergency telephone number: GIZ-Nord, Göttingen, Germany +49 551 19240 Member of EPECS Network * SECTION 2: Hazards identification · 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture · Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 GHS06 skull and crossbones Acute Tox. 2 H300 Fatal if swallowed. Acute Tox. 1 H310 Fatal in contact with skin. Acute Tox. 3 H331 Toxic if inhaled. GHS05 corrosion Skin Corr. 1C H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. GHS09 environment Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. · Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC T+; Very toxic R26/27/28: Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. C; Corrosive R34: Causes burns. N; Dangerous for the environment R51/53: Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. -
The Summer Assignment Will Receive a GRADE on the First Day of Class – August 9
Bishop Moore AP Chemistry Summer Assignment June 2017 Future AP Chemistry Student, Welcome to AP Chemistry. In order to ensure the best start for everyone next fall, I have prepared a summer assignment that reviews basic chemistry concepts some of which you may have forgotten you learned. For those topics you need help with there are a multitude of tremendous chemistry resources available on the Internet. With access to hundreds of websites either in your home or at the local library, I am confident that you will have sufficient resources to prepare adequately for the fall semester. The reference text book as part of AP course is “Chemistry: The Central Science” by Brown LeMay 14th Edition for AP. Much of the material in this summer packet will be familiar to you. It will be important for everyone to come to class the first day prepared. While I review throughout the course, extensive remediation is not an option as we work towards our goal of being 100% prepared for the AP Exam in early May. There will be a test covering the basic concepts included in the summer packet during the first or second week of school. You may contact me by email: ([email protected]) this summer. I will do my best to answer your questions ASAP. I hope you are looking forward to an exciting year of chemistry. You are all certainly excellent students, and with plenty of motivation and hard work you should find AP Chemistry a successful and rewarding experience. Finally, I recommend that you spread out the summer assignment. -
POTASSIUM CYANIDE -- Chemical Fact Sheet What Is It? 1 Potassium Cyanide Is a White Granular Solid with a Bitter Almond Odor
POTASSIUM CYANIDE -- Chemical Fact Sheet What is it? 1 Potassium Cyanide is a white granular solid with a bitter almond odor. It is similar in appearance to sugar. Potassium Cyanide has been used to extract metals from ore and as a rat poison. Where does it Potassium Cyanide is the product of reacting potassium with hydrogen cyanide. come from? What are the Rat Poison common uses for Metal Plating it? Semiconductor Manufacturing How is it Potassium Cyanide is shipped by truck transported in CCC? How is it stored Potassium Cyanide is stored in tightly closed containers. in CCC? Health Hazards from Exposure Exposure Route Symptoms First Aid Inhalation Irritates nose, throat and lungs Remove to fresh air. Seek (low concentrations) Headache or Dizziness medical attention. DO NOT Nausea ATTEMPT CPR. Inhalation Burning sensation Remove to fresh air. Get (high concentrations & prolonged exposure) Unconsciousness medical attention Convulsions immediately. DO NOT Coma ATTEMPT CPR. Death Ingestion Digestive tract burn DO NOT INDUCE Abdominal pain VOMITING. Seek medical Vomiting attention. Large doses can cause death Eyes Severe eye irritant Rinse eyes with water for at Blurred Vision least 15 minutes. Seek Redness, swelling, eye burns medical attention. Skin Skin irritant Wash skin with water for 15 Burning/discomfort minutes. Remove Ulcers contaminated clothing and Skin burns shoes. Seek medical attention . Contra Costa RMP/CalARP Companies that Use, Store or Manufacture this Chemical 2 Electroforming Company Web Sites on the Internet US Environmental -
Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. -
Sodium Cyanide: Properties, Toxicity, Uses and Environmental Impacts
CHAPTER 39 SODIUM CYANIDE: PROPERTIES, TOXICITY, USES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Kerry Ketcheson and Merv Fingas Emergencies Science Division, Environment Canada, Environmental Technology Centre, River Road, Ottawa, Ontario 39.1 PROPERTIES Sodium cyanide (CAS No. 143-33-9) was first produced in 1834 by F. and E. Rogers, who heated Prussian blue (highly colored mixed oxidation state FeII / III derivatives) and sodium carbonate together (King, 1994). The mixture was cooled and sodium cyanide was extracted with alcohol. The compound had no intended purpose until J. S. MacArthur and the Forrest brothers patented a process for extracting gold and silver from ores in 1887 (Kirk-Othmer, 1979a). By 1899, half the cyanide manufactured in Europe was produced by the Beilby process. From 1900 to 1961, another process, called the Castner process, was used to make sodium cyanide. The Castner process is shown below: ϩ ϩ → ϩ 2Na 2C 2NH322NaCN 3H (39.1) Today, a process based on the neutralization of sodium hydroxide (aqueous) and hydrogen cyanide (gas) is the preferred method, as shown below (Kirk-Othmer, 1993): ϩ → ϩ HCN NaOH NaCN H2 O (39.2) A few chemical reactions that occur with sodium cyanide should be mentioned. In moist air, carbon dioxide (CO2) slowly decomposes sodium cyanide to hydrogen cyanide according to this reaction: ϩ ϩ → ϩ 2NaCN CO22HO Na 23 CO 2HCN (39.3) The carbonate salt produced becomes a brownish color due to the formation of polymeri- zation products of HCN (Ullmann’s, 1987). At elevated temperatures, oxygen reacts with sodium cyanide to yield nitrogen, carbonate, and carbon dioxide according to the two-step reaction (Ullmann’s, 1987): 39.1 39.2 CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE 2NaCN ϩ O → 2NaOCN 2 (39.4) ϩ → ϩ ϩ 2NaOCN 3/2O22322Na CO CO N When sodium cyanide is either stored for a long time or heated, there is a slow hydrolysis of the CϵN bond as per the equation (Ullmann’s, 1987): ϩ → ϩ NaCN 2H23 O HCOONa NH (39.5) Some basic physical properties of sodium cyanide are shown in Table 39.1. -
Chemical List
1 EXHIBIT 1 2 CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION LIST 3 4 1. Pyrophoric Chemicals 5 1.1. Aluminum alkyls: R3Al, R2AlCl, RAlCl2 6 Examples: Et3Al, Et2AlCl, EtAlCl2, Me3Al, Diethylethoxyaluminium 7 1.2. Grignard Reagents: RMgX (R=alkyl, aryl, vinyl X=halogen) 8 1.3. Lithium Reagents: RLi (R = alkyls, aryls, vinyls) 9 Examples: Butyllithium, Isobutyllithium, sec-Butyllithium, tert-Butyllithium, 10 Ethyllithium, Isopropyllithium, Methyllithium, (Trimethylsilyl)methyllithium, 11 Phenyllithium, 2-Thienyllithium, Vinyllithium, Lithium acetylide ethylenediamine 12 complex, Lithium (trimethylsilyl)acetylide, Lithium phenylacetylide 13 1.4. Zinc Alkyl Reagents: RZnX, R2Zn 14 Examples: Et2Zn 15 1.5. Metal carbonyls: Lithium carbonyl, Nickel tetracarbonyl, Dicobalt octacarbonyl 16 1.6. Metal powders (finely divided): Bismuth, Calcium, Cobalt, Hafnium, Iron, 17 Magnesium, Titanium, Uranium, Zinc, Zirconium 18 1.7. Low Valent Metals: Titanium dichloride 19 1.8. Metal hydrides: Potassium Hydride, Sodium hydride, Lithium Aluminum Hydride, 20 Diethylaluminium hydride, Diisobutylaluminum hydride 21 1.9. Nonmetal hydrides: Arsine, Boranes, Diethylarsine, diethylphosphine, Germane, 22 Phosphine, phenylphosphine, Silane, Methanetellurol (CH3TeH) 23 1.10. Non-metal alkyls: R3B, R3P, R3As; Tributylphosphine, Dichloro(methyl)silane 24 1.11. Used hydrogenation catalysts: Raney nickel, Palladium, Platinum 25 1.12. Activated Copper fuel cell catalysts, e.g. Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 26 1.13. Finely Divided Sulfides: Iron Sulfides (FeS, FeS2, Fe3S4), and Potassium Sulfide 27 (K2S) 28 REFERRAL -
Kinetics of the Self-Decomposition of Ozone and the Ozonation of Cyanide Ion and Dyes in Aqueous Solutions
KINETICS OF THE SELF-DECOMPOSITION OF OZONE AND THE OZONATION OF CYANIDE ION AND DYES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Masaaki TERAMOTO,Seiichiro IMAMURA,Naoyuki YATAGAI, Yoshio NISHIKAWA and Hiroshi TERANISHI Department of Industrial Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606 Kinetic studies on the self-decomposition of ozone in water, the decomposition of CN~and CNO~,and the decolorization of several dyes by ozone were performed over a wide range of pHusing a stopped-flow apparatus under homogeneousconditions at 298 K. The rate of self- decomposition of ozone was measured in the pH range from 1 to 13.5, and it was found that in the pH range above 8 the rate was expressed by -dlOs]/dt=374 [O3] [OH-]0-88 while in the acidic region the concentration dependence of the rate was complicated, and a simple rate expression could not be obtained. The rate of decomposition of CN~by ozone was expressed by -d[CN-]/dt=310 [O3]° 8 [CN-]° 55 (9.4<pH<11.6) and the rate of decomposition of CNO~was found to be much slower than that of CN~. The decolorization rates of naphthol yellow and methylene blue followed second-order kinetics. Rate constants are presented. The purpose of this paper is to obtain the intrinsic Intr oduction reaction kinetics of the ozonation of several typical Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent, and it has contaminants such as cyanide and cyanate ions and been recognized as very effective for disinfection, dyes in water using a stopped-flow technique under decolorization, deodorization and the decomposition homogeneous conditions.