Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series Vol. 184 (5): 81-111; published on 18 November 2015 ISSN 1802-6842 (print), 1802-6850 (electronic) Copyright © Národní muzeum, Praha, 2015 The bird collection of the Muséum national d‘Histoire naturelle, Paris, France: the first years (1793-1825) Justin J.F.J. Jansen c/o Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg, Leiden, the Netherlands, e-mail
[email protected]. Summary. The founding of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France, in 1793 marks a historical milestone in the development of natural history. The museum’s collections subsequently grew rapidly due to acquisitions, donations and exchanges. The first years of the museum in particular were crucial in developing its role amongst the various private and national cabinets at that time, and under the directorate of Étienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire the collection grew rapidly. Crucial moments in its early history include a significant advancement in the method of specimen preservation (ahead of all other major collections at that time) due to the knowledge and use of arsenic soap, and donations on a large scale to universities and schools and as reparations due to the French wars. Recently the collections have been re- examined and re-ordered to restore the museum’s history in the turbulent years up to 1825. Keywords. Collectors, birds, MNHN, type specimens, history. INTRODUCTION The Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France, (hereafter MNHN) is a major repository of specimens closely linked to the history of exploration and is internationally important. The MNHN was founded in 1793, but its history goes back further, with its origin in the Cabinet du Roi (the “King’s Cabinet”) located in what is now known as the Jardin du Plantes (Laissus 1981).