ENGLISH III
PREPOSITIONS
GOING TO A RESTAURANT AND GOING SHOPPING
PREPOSITIONS
AT / ON / IN (time)
Preposition Use Example AT Time of the day at 5 o’clock at lunchtime at the weekend/at weekends ON Days and dates on Friday(s) on my birthday IN Longer periods (months/years/seasons) in April in the 18 th century in the past
Some exceptions:
In the morning(s) / in the afternoon(s) / in the evening(s) , not at the morning(s). At Christmas / at Easter
IN / ON / AT (place)
Preposition Use Example IN Inside of (with “the”) in the room / garden Inside of (without “the”) in bed / hospital / prison Towns, cities and villages in Madrid / Spain
ON On top of / over something on the floor / wall /page 7
AT Next to at the door / corner at the top (of the page) at the end (of the street) To find yourself somewhere (without “the”) at home / work / university Profession at the doctor’s / butcher’s To be at an event at a party / meeting
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• For example, if you want to say that the shop was very crowded you would say:
There were a lot of people in the shop. (= Inside of the shop.)
However, if you are giving directions to someone and you want them to turn left just after the shop, you would say:
Go along this road, then turn left at the shop. (= When you are next to the shop, when you go past it.)
• We use at when we say where an event takes place : o We went to a concert at the Royal Albert Hall. o They showed their film at the local church. o I was at Helen’s house last night.
However, we use in when we are thinking about the building itself : o The bar in the Royal Albert Hall was beautiful. o I enjoyed the film but it was very cold in the church. o The rooms in Helen’s house are very small.
• For transport we use: o IN : in a car in a taxi o ON : on public transport: on a bus / train / plane / boat on a bicycle / horse (= on top of it)
Complete the following sentences with in, on or at :
1. Vanessa is ______a conference. 2. Martin is ______hospital. 3. I saw Mary ______her bicycle. 4. Judy is ______the hairdresser’s. 5. He has been _____ prison for 5 years. 6. Tom wrote his name _____ the first page. 7. Her boyfriend was waiting for her _____ the end of the street. 8. She has a bathroom _____ her room.
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TO / AT / IN / INTO
Preposition Use Example TO Movement I am going to France. Can you come to the party? IN Position (country / city / town) I live in France.
AT Position (events) I’ll see you at the party.
INTO Enter somewhere I got into the car.
• With the verb GET we use to and with the verb ARRIVE either in or at : o Get to a place: What time did you get to London? What time did you get to the party? o Arrive in/at a place: Country/city/town: What time did you arrive in London? Other places and events: What time did you arrive at the party?
BY
Preposition Use Example BY How we do something pay by credit card How something can happen by mistake / by chance How somebody travels by car / train / boat / bus Next to / beside the switch is by the door Passive: the subject who does the action a letter was written by Dan a play by Shakespeare (written)
Complete the following sentences with to, in, at, into, by :
1. At what time did they get _____ Paris? 2. They arrived _____ Paris _____ 5 o’clock. 3. Sophie got _____ the car and drove away. 4. I am going _____ Rome next weekend. 5. See you _____ the conference! 6. They are travelling _____ train.
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AT THE RESTAURANT!
Useful vocabulary:
Types of restaurant Tipos de restaurante
drive -in restaurant restaurante autoservicio in salir del coche fast -food restaurant restaurante de comida rápida self -service restaurant restaurante autoservicio pub pub / bar café cafetería take -away (GB) restaurante que vende comida para llevar
Things on a table Cosas en una mesa
plate Plato (físico) dish plato (de comida) fork tenedor knife cuchillo spoon cuchara glass vaso / copa
cup taza jar / jug jarra mug taza grande bottle opener abridor napkin servilleta tablecloth mantel pepper mill pimienta molida
People in a restaurant Personas en un restaurante
waiter camarero
waitress camarera chef chef cook cocinero client, customer cliente
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Types of meal Tipos de comida
snack tentempié appetizer aperitivo aperitif bebida alcohólica antes de la comida starter / entre e entrada / primer plato main course / main cuchara dessert postre side dish acompañamiento half portion media ración full portion ración fixed -price menu menú de precio fijo set menu menú del día hot meal comida caliente full meal comida completa de tres platos square meal comida completa de tres platos the house special el plato de la casa
Types of drink Tipos de bebida
still mineral water agua sin gas sparkling mineral water agua con gas
tap water agua del grifo soft drink refresco juice zumo beer cerveza red wine vino tinto
red wine with lemonade tinto de verano tea té herbal tea infusión coffee with milk café con leche small black coffee / espresso café solo
small coffee with a little milk café cortado milk with a dash of coffee leche manchada espresso with water added café americano iced coffee café con hielo coffee and brandy carajillo
rum on the rocks ron con hielo
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Time of the meal Hora de la comida
breakfast desayuno brunch brunch lunch comida tea merienda dinner cena
Food preparation Preparación de la comida rare poco hecho medium -rare al punto menos medium al punto well done muy hecho overdone / overcooked hecho de más / pasado undercooked / raw crudo
How is food? ¿Cómo está la comida?
It’s delicious! ¡Está muy rico! It’s good. Está bueno. It’s so -so. Está regular. It’s awful! ¡Está horrible! This isn’t what I ordered. Esto no es lo que he pedido. It has gone bad / It has expired. Ha caducado. It’s rotten. Está podrido. It’s very tender. Está muy tierno. It’s hot / spicy Está picante. It’s mild. Está suave. It’s crunchy. Está crujiente It’s bitter. Está amargo. It’s sour. Está agrio. It’s salty. Está salado. It’s savoury. Está sabroso.
It’s tasteless. No sabe a nada.
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Useful phrases:
It is important you know what to say and how to react in the following five situations:
1) Booking a table 2) Arriving at the restaurant 3) Ordering 4) Complaining 5) Asking for the bill
1) Booking a table
In order to book a table we use the following expression:
I would like to book a table for (nº of people) under the name of (name of person), please.
More examples:
• I would like to book / reserve a table for four at 8pm, please. • I would like to book a table for two at 8 under the name of Rodríguez, please. • Could we have a table by the window, please? • Could we have a non-smoking table, please? • Could we have a table away from the kitchen/toilets, please? • Could you make sure it's a quiet table, please?
2) Arriving at the restaurant
When we arrive at the restaurant we use the following expression:
I have a table booked for (nº of people) under the name of (name of person) .
More examples:
• Good evening, I have a table booked for two under the name of Rodríguez. • Do you have the menu in Spanish, please? • Do you have a high chair for young children, please? • Could we have an extra chair, please? • Could we have that table, please? • I'm sorry but I asked for a table by the window.
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3) Ordering
When we order our food we use the following expressions:
I would like the (name of dish) , please. / I’d like the (name of dish) , please.
I will have the (name of dish) , please. / I’ll have the (name of dish) , please.
Could I have the (name of dish) , please.
More examples:
• What is the house special today? • Could I see the wine menu, please? • Which wine would you recommend? • I'd like the chicken, please. • For starters I'll have the soup and for the main course I'd like the roast beef. • Could I have chips instead of jacket potato, please? • I'll have a bottle of the South African Cabernet Sauvignon.
4) Complaining
When we want to complain about something we use the following expressions:
Excuse me, (complaint) .
I’m afraid (complaint).
I’m sorry but (complaint).
More examples:
• Excuse me but my meal is cold. • Excuse me, we've been waiting for over half an hour for our drinks. • Excuse me, this steak is overdone, I ordered rare. • I'm sorry but I ordered the side salad not the vegetables. • I'm afraid this wine tastes corked.
5) During the meal
These are some expressions you can use during the meal to ask for something:
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Could I have (name of thing) , please.
Do you have (name of thing) .
More examples:
• Could we have some more bread, please? • Could I have some dressing, please? • Could you pass me the salt, please? • Do you have a pepper mill? • That was delicious. My compliments to the chef.
6) Asking for the bill
In order to ask for the bill we use the following expressions:
Could I have the bill, please.
Could you bring me the bill, please.
More examples:
• Could I have the bill, please? • Do you take credit cards? • We'd like separate bills, please. • Is service included? • No, please. This is on me. (= When you wish to pay for everyone.)
Making food:
BAKE: o We bake food in the oven. We can bake sweet food like cakes or savoury food like meat and potatoes. BOIL: o We boil water when we heat it up to 100 degrees Celsius. COOK: o We cook food when we prepare it. We can cook food using the oven, the saucepan, frying pan etc. FRY: o We fry food when we cook it in a frying pan.
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GRILL: o We can grill food in the oven to make it tasty.
Some idioms:
to grab a bite to eat to go out to eat Do you want to grab a bite to eat before we see the movie?
it’s on someone paying for a meal/movie etc. for someone else Don’t worry about paying for dinner. It’s on me.
to treat someone to pay for a meal/movie etc. for someone else You don’t need to bring any money with you tonight. I’ll treat you.
to be starving to be really hungry I need to eat something. I’m starving.
to be so hungry one could eat a horse to be really hungry I haven’t had time to eat yet. I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.
to be mouth watering to be really delicious Wow! Whatever you are cooking smells mouth watering.
to skip a meal to miss a meal I skipped breakfast today, so I’m really hungry.
to go halfers to split the cost of a meal We’ve been dating for a long time, so we usually go halfers.
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AT THE SHOPS
Useful shopping phrases:
It is important you know what to say in the following five situations:
1. Finding a shop 2. Asking for the opening hours of a shop 3. Shopping for clothes 4. Paying
1. Finding a shop
In order to find a shop you can use the following expressions:
Where can I find a (shop) ?
Is there a (shop) in the area?
Where’s the nearest (shop) ?
More examples:
• Can you recommend a good clothes shop? • Where can I get pet food?
2. Asking for the opening hours of a shop
In order to ask for the opening hours of a shop you can use the following expressions:
What time do you open/close, please?
More examples:
• What are your opening hours? = We’re open 24/7 (24 hours a day/7 days a week). • Are you open all day? = We’re closed at lunchtime, between 12 and 2pm. • Are you open on Sundays? = No, we’re open from 9am until 6pm, Monday to Friday.
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3. Shopping for clothes
In order to shop for clothes you can use the following expressions:
Excuse me, can you help me?
Excuse me, I’m looking for a (clothes).
Excuse me, could you tell me where I can find (clothes) , please?
More examples:
• Could you tell me where the (name of department) is? = It’s straight ahead. • Is there somewhere I can try this on, please? = The changing rooms are over there. • Does it suit me? = It’s too long/short/tight/loose. • Do you have this in a (larger/smaller) size, please? = Yes, certainly. • Do you have a refund policy? = You can bring it back and exchange it or get a refund within 2 weeks if you keep the receipt.
4. Paying
When paying at a shop you can use the following expressions:
Do you take debit/credit cards?
Could I have the receipt, please?
More examples:
• Does it have a warranty? • Can I pay by cheque? • Could I have a VAT receipt, please? • Could I leave my bags here and pick them up later?
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Reading:
Do you like shopping? (NOTE: it is not go to shopping but go shopping ). Let’s read the following text and have a look at some vocabulary related to shopping:
Do you have money to spend on clothes? If you not, you can still enjoy window-shopping . It’s free! When you window-shop , you just look at all the things for sale in a shop without intending to buy anything. If you do have money to spend on clothes, do you prefer to wait for a sale or do you shop when you need something? If something is for sale , you can buy it for money. If something is on sale , the price has been reduced from the original price. When you find a piece of clothing you like in a shop, it’s a good idea to try it on first before you buy it. You want to make sure that it fits . If you want to try something on, find a shop assistant and ask: Can I try this on? or May I try this on? The shop assistant will show you to the changing rooms (also called “fitting rooms” or “change rooms”). While you are trying the clothes on, the shop assistant sometimes asks: Does it fit ? Would you like to try it in another size ? When you have decided to buy something, take all your items to the cash desk (also called “cashier”) to pay for them. When it comes to paying you have three options: you can pay by debit card, use your credit card or pay cash . Most places accept a cheque , but almost nobody uses cheques to pay for things in a shop anymore. The cashier will put your new clothes in a paper or plastic bag , and then you get to take your new clothes home!
Idiomatic expressions:
window shopping
(noun) = When people go window shopping, they look at things in shop windows, without actually purchasing anything.
I haven't been paid yet, so I can only go window shopping .
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(noun) = this occurs when you go shopping and buy yourself things in order to make yourself feel better (when you are sad or unhappy)!
I’m really upset about breaking up with my boyfriend. I need some shopping therapy!
a shopping spree
(noun) = you spend a lot of money and do a lot of shopping in a short amount of time.
She went on a shopping spree this afternoon! It looks like she bought everything in the shop.
to shop till you drop
(verb expression ) = to spend so much time and so much money shopping that you are physically and financially tired, you are ready to drop from exhaustion! You are so tired that you can’t shop anymore!
If you go to London with Sarah, you'll shop till you drop, so take comfortable shoes!
to shop around
(phrasal verb) = before buying an expensive item (like household appliances or a car), you visit a number of shops selling similar articles in order to compare prices and quality.
We shopped around before buying the microwave, and we found that Teka had the best deal.
to shoplift
(verb) = to steal something from a shop (to take something without paying for it).
My son was caught shoplifting. He stole a £100 jacket from Abercrombie & Fitch.
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HOMEWORK
PREPOSITIONS
1. Fill in the blanks with one of the following prepositions of time: at, on, in.
1. He likes to go horseriding _____ the weekends.
2. They usually go out _____ Friday.
3. His birthday is _____ November.
4. Richard and his family go to church _____ eight o’clock.
5. My granddad was born _____ the 1920s.
6. He usually watches television _____ the evenings.
7. Do you give each other presents _____ Christmas?
8. He wants to become a doctor _____ the future.
2. Complete the sentences with one of the following prepositions of place: in, on, at.
1. Liz was waiting for Fred ____ the bus stop.
2. The children are playing _____ the back garden.
3. The concert took place _____ the Royal Palace.
4. The dog is laying ____ the floor.
5. I have a friend who lives _____ a small village in the mountains.
6. Martha wasn’t _____ home when her friend phoned her.
7. When you leave the hotel, please leave your key _____ reception.
8. He fell down the stairs and is now _____ hospital.
9. There were many people _____ the shop.
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10. The toilets _____ the Royal Palace were very big.
11. They stuck the posters _____ the notice board of the classroom.
12. Angela’s house is the white one _____ the end of the street.
13. Go along this road, then turn left _____ the shop.
14. Write your name _____ the top of the page.
15. Mike is _____ the chemist buying some medicines.
3. Complete the following sentences with: to, in, at, into, by
1. Please call me when you get ____ London.
2. I called him ____ mistake.
3. He lives ____ the United States.
4. What a beautiful painting ____ Rembrandt!
5. He arrived _____ the ceremony when everybody had left.
6. Can you please send me the books ____ post?
7. My brother is going ____ California next month.
8. Call me when you get _____ the party.
9. As soon as they left the club, they got ____ a taxi.
10. I saw Ellie ____ the festival.
11. I arrived _____ Berlin in the evening.
12. Can you come ____ the party?
13. Have you ever been bitten ____ a dog?
14. He always comes to university ____ bus.
15. Can you please pass me my coat? It is ____ the window.
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AT THE RESTAURANT
1. Fill in the blanks with the words given below: fast food, cookbook, recipe, dish, menu, bill, ingredients, service, waiter, tip, dessert, restaurant, order, medium-rare, meat
I really hate ______. I prefer to go to a good ______that serves everything, including the ______, using the best ______. Sometimes, I like to ______something that I have tried at home. First, I look up the ______in the ______and then I cook the ______. Next, I go to the restaurant, and when the ______comes to my table I ask for the ______and order what I have already cooked at home! That way I can be certain that I will enjoy what I order. If I go for ______I always ask for it ______. At the end of the evening, it's time to ask for the _____ and, usually, if the _____ has been good, it's a good idea to leave a 15%-20% ______.
2. Choose between the words given below to complete the dialogue between Julian and Kate. tip, would you like to, overdone, recommend, take-away, appetizer, aperitif, dessert, booked, bill, order, starter, compliments
It's 8pm. Julian and Kate are out celebrating their 10th wedding anniversary. They have just arrived at the restaurant.
Julian: Well here we are. What do you think?
Kate: It's lovely Jack. Are you sure we can afford it?
Julian: Yes, don’t worry my darling.
The waiter arrives.
Waiter: Good evening sir, madam.
Julian Good evening. We have a table ______for two under the name of
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Hunt.
Waiter: Yes sir. May I take your coats?
Waiter takes their coats and hangs them up.
Julian and Thank you. Kate:
You’re welcome. Would you like to come to the table or would you prefer Waiter: to have something before at the bar?
Julian: I’m thirsty, I wouldn't mind an ______.
Please follow me, I'll bring you the menu in a moment so that you can Waiter: start having a look.
Julian and Kate order their drinks at the bar and sit down to look at the menu.
Kate: Oh dear Julian, it's all in French!
Julian: Well that's what we're paying for. Don't worry I've got an idea.
Waiter: Are you ready to ______sir?
Julian: Not really. Could you ______something.
Certainly sir. The fresh lobster is particularly good this evening, and as a Waiter: ______may I recommend a light consommé?
Julian: Sounds lovely, what do you think dear?
Kate: Oh yes, I love lobster.
So, that's two consommé and two lobsters. ______Waiter: look at the wine menu?
Why don't you bring us what you think will go best. Nothing too Julian: expensive though.
Waiter: No problem sir. I'll call you as soon as your table is ready.
The waiter walks away.
Kate: You are clever Julian, but what about the ______.
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Don't worry, they bring round a sweet trolley, so we just point at what Julian: we fancy!
A while later Julian and Kate have finished eating and are drinking their coffee.
Waiter: Was everything to your satisfaction?
Julian and Yes, lovely thank you. Kate:
The whole meal was delicious, our ______to the chef. Julian: Unfortunately we have to be back for the baby-sitter so could you bring us the ______?
Waiter: Certainly sir, I'll bring you the bill. Would you like me to order you a taxi.
Julian: Yes that would be great, thank you.
Kate: What a nice man, we must leave him a good ______.
Julian: Yes, of course.
3. Write the correct the letter which matches the sentence in the answer box.
SENTENCE ANSWER VOCABULARY 1. I’m starving. I think I’ll go and ______. A) mouth watering Do you want to come with me? 2. Last time we went out, you treated me. Tonight, it’s B) treat ______me. 3. Don’t worry about money. I’ll ______you to C) skipped dinner tonight. 4. I think I’ll have an appetizer before my D) grab a bite to eat ______. 5. Before my main course, I’ll have the chicken wings to E) entrée ______. 6. I haven’t eaten anything today. I’m F) main ______. 7. He never treats me! He always wants to G) on ______. 8. Wow! I’m starving. I’m so______H) start ______.
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9. Would you like to have an ______before I) hungry I could your main course? eat a horse 10. What a lovely smell! What are you cooking? It smells J) starving ______. 11. I ______breakfast yesterday and I was K) go halfers starving by 11am!
AT THE SHOPS
4. Choose between the words given below to complete the two conversations below. The first one is between Kate and her younger son Paul at the shops. The second is between Kate and a shop assistant. receipt, fit, try it on, can you help me?, shops, refund, small, change, do you have, customer service desk
It's Saturday morning and Kate is going shopping with her younger son Paul.
Kate: Paul, I'm going to the ______. Is there anything you want?
Paul: Yes please! Can you pick up my magazine from the newsagents?
Kate: Of course. Do you want to come with me?
Paul: No way, I'm going round to Mike's house, sorry.
Kate: No problem. I'll be about an hour, be home by 5 o'clock at the latest.
Paul: O.K. I'll see you later.
A bit later......
Kate: Paul, are you home?
Paul: Yes mum, I'm upstairs.
Kate: Come down here, I bought you a new Nike T-shirt, I want you to ______.
Paul: Nike? Great, I'm coming!
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A few minutes later.....
Kate: Well, does it ______?
Paul: I think it's a bit too ______.
Let's have a look. Hmmm, I think you've grown again! I’ll take it back to the shop Kate: and see if I can ______it.
It's Saturday evening and Kate has to return the T-shirt.
Kate: Excuse me, ______?
Shop Yes of course, what can I do for you? Assistant:
I bought this T-shirt for my son this afternoon, but it doesn't fit him, it's Kate: too small.
Shop Do you want to change it or get a ______. Assistant:
Kate: I'd like to change it for a larger size. ______these in large?
Shop I'll just check. Let's see, yes we have large or extra-large, which would you Assistant: prefer?
Kate: I think large will be fine, it's for my son.
Shop That's fine, if it doesn't fit just bring it back again. If you take it to the Assistant: ______, they'll sort it all out for you.
Kate: Thank you. Just as a matter of interest, do you give refunds?
Shop Yes, of course. You can bring any clothing items back up to three weeks Assistant after purchase, but you must keep the ______.
Kate: I see, thanks again.
Shop You're welcome. Assistant:
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