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Saurischian (Theropod–Sauropod) Historical Biology An International Journal of Paleobiology ISSN: 0891-2963 (Print) 1029-2381 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ghbi20 Saurischian (theropod–sauropod) track assemblages from the Jiaguan Formation in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China: ichnology and indications to differential track preservation Lida Xing, Guangzhao Peng, Martin G. Lockley, Yong Ye, Hendrik Klein, Richard T. McCrea, Jianping Zhang & W. Scott Persons IV To cite this article: Lida Xing, Guangzhao Peng, Martin G. Lockley, Yong Ye, Hendrik Klein, Richard T. McCrea, Jianping Zhang & W. Scott Persons IV (2016) Saurischian (theropod–sauropod) track assemblages from the Jiaguan Formation in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China: ichnology and indications to differential track preservation, Historical Biology, 28:8, 1003-1013, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2015.1088845 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2015.1088845 Published online: 22 Sep 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 89 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ghbi20 Download by: [University of Alberta] Date: 23 October 2016, At: 09:07 HISTORICAL BIOLOGY, 2016 VOL. 28, NO. 8, 1003–1013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2015.1088845 Saurischian (theropod–sauropod) track assemblages from the Jiaguan Formation in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China: ichnology and indications to differential track preservation Lida Xinga, Guangzhao Pengb, Martin G. Lockleyc, Yong Yeb, Hendrik Kleind, Richard T. McCreae, Jianping Zhanga and W. Scott Persons IVf aSchool of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China; b Zigong Dinosaur Museum, Sichuan, China; cZigong Dinosaur Tracks Museum, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA; d Saurierwelt Paläontologisches Museum, Neumarkt, Germany; e Peace Region Palaeontology Research Centre, British Columbia, Canada; f Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Saurischian (theropod and sauropod) tracks and trackways from the Jiaguan Formation (Lower Cretaceous) Received 1 July 2015 of the Sichuan Basin are exposed as natural casts with associated undertrack or transmitted print casts. The Accepted 27 August 2015 theropod tracks (cf. Eubrontes and Grallator) were left by differently sized trackmakers. This is a further KEYWORDS example for the occurrence of characteristic Lower Jurassic ichnotaxa in the Cretaceous that obviously Sauropod; theropod; had a more extended stratigraphic range in East Asia. The sauropod trackway is tentatively assigned to cf. footprints; transmitted Brontopodus based on imprint morphology and (nearly wide) gauge. The tracks, however, allow a detailed prints; Jiaguan Formation; study of their formation and the taphonomic processes under different substrate conditions. Differential Lower Cretaceous preservation and erosion of primary sedimentary structures, and post-burial deformation structures, give insight into a complex preservational history during a low energy phase interrupting the deposition of a sequence of thick high energy sandstones. This is the sixth report of dinosaur tracks from the Jiaguan Formation and the fifteenth report from the Lower Cretaceous of Sichuan Province. Thus, the tetrapod ichnological record in this region is rapidly becoming of major importance for our knowledge of dinosaur faunas in south-western China. 1. Introduction with a large more rounded heel pad trace, which may reflect true At present, documented medium- to large-sized, functionally morphological distinctiveness in the feet and the pes evolution of tridactyl, theropod tracks from the Cretaceous of China include Early Cretaceous Asian theropods (Matsukawa et al. 2005, 2006; Asianopodus, Eubrontes, Irenesauripus, Kayentapus and Theran- Xing, Niedźwiedzki, et al. 2014). gospodus (Lockley et al. 2013; Xing, Lockley, Zhang, et al. 2013; Most of the Cretaceous vertebrate tracks found in the Sichuan Xing, Niedźwiedzki, et al. 2014). Using the criteria of Thulborn Basin are from the Lower Cretaceous, including those from (1990), which categorises non-avian theropod (hereafter simply the Jiaguan Formation in the Emei (Zhen et al. 1994; Lockley ‘theropod’) tracks as ‘small’ if they are 25 cm or less in length, we et al. 2013) and Qijiang areas (Xing et al. 2007; Xing, Lockley, exclude ichnogenera such as Grallator (and Paragrallator) and Piñuela, et al. 2013), the Jiaguan Formation (formerly known Corpulentapus (Li, Lockley, et al. 2011; Lockley et al. 2013) from as Wotoushan Formation) in the Chishui area (Xing, Harris, the medium- to large-sized theropod track category. Due to the et al. 2011) and the Feitianshan Formation in the Zhaojue area lack of well preserved specimens, most Irenesauripus type tracks (Xing, Lockley, Zhang, et al. 2013; Xing, Lockley, Zhang, Klein, can be classified as cf. Irenesauripus–Kayentapus (Xing, Harris, et Persons, et al. 2014; Xing et al. 2015). The track assemblages al. 2011; Xing, Lockley, Zhang, et al. 2013). Based on a re-eval- of the Feitianshan Formation include footprints of ornithopod, uation of Therangospodus oncalensis materials from the Iberian sauropod and theropod dinosaurs, as well as pterosaurs (Xing Range (Spain), Castanera et al. (2013) suggested that Theran- et al. 2015). Those of the Jiaguan Formation also include orni- gospodus tracks from the Spanish localities represent an ornitho- thopods, sauropods, theropods and pterosaurs, as well as birds pod, while the North American type material of Therangospodus (Zhen et al. 1994; Xing et al. 2007; Xing, Lockley, Piñuela, et pandemicus (Lockley et al. 1998) is clearly of theropod origin. al. 2013; Xing et al. in review). Compared with the theropod Such reinterpretations call into question the taxonomic affinity tracks of the Feitianshan Formation, those of the Jiaguan For- of all Chinese ichnites classified as Therangospodus. The East mation are inferior both in terms of the quantity and the state Asia-specific ichnogenus Asianopodus is similar to Eubrontes, but of preservation. CONTACT Lida Xing [email protected] © 2015 Taylor & Francis 1004 L. XING et al. Figure 1. Map showing the position of footprint localities in the Lower Cretaceous of Sichuan Province, south-western China (footprint icon): Xiyang (this text), Baoyuan (Xing, Harris, et al. 34) and Hanxi tracksites Figure 2. Photographs of the Xiyang tracksite. (A) possible original layer and resource of the Xiyang tracks; arrow indicates wedge-shaped cross-stratification. (B) tracks preserved on the large fallen block. The theropod tracks reported here are from the roadsides of of footprint material discovered on the lower surface of a large the Ancient Tea Route (a connecting roadway between Xuyong fallen block. Besides the discussion of ichnotaxonomy, we focus and Chishui, originally constructed during the Qing Dynasty, on the taphonomy and preservation of these tracks. A.D. 1644–1912) near Xinyang Village, Xuyong County, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province (Figure 1). A portion of one of the track- 2. Geological setting sites was exposed during the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1840). At that time, local villagers thought, the tracks were left by ‘strange The Xingyuan tracksite (GPS: 28°26′21.2′′N, 105°35′5.3′′E) is heavenly ducks’. This is another example of fossil tracks influ- located at the southern margin of the Sichuan Basin. According encing Chinese folklore and legends (Xing, Mayor, et al. 2011). to the 1:20000 regional geological survey report of Xuyong In June 2013, a villager named Chaogui Zhang began to expose Mapping (H-48-XXXIV), the Cretaceous strata of the Xuyong more tracks at this site. The major authors of this paper (XL, PG region belong to the Jiaguan Formation, which is characterised by and YY) inspected the tracksite in July and September, 2014. a set of thick, brick-red, feldspathic, quartz sandstones (Sichuan In the following, we present a comprehensive documentation Provincial Bureau of Geology aviation regional Geological Survey HISTOrical BIOLOgy 1005 Figure 3. Stratigraphic section of the Jurassic–Cretaceous in the study area with position of footprints, invertebrates and plant fossil remains. team 1976). The Jiaguan Formation consists of upper and 3. Materials and methods lower members. The lower member is 211–405 m thick, with All tracks are natural casts (convex hyporeliefs), occurring on a 0- to 10-m-thick conglomerate layer at the base and a 2- to the underside of a large fallen block. After cleaning the track 10-m-thick mudstone layer at the top. The upper member is a surface, the tracks were catalogued, photographed and meas- 345- to 1000-m-thick feldspathic quartz sandstone succession, ured. Several photos were assembled to form a single image of with thin or lenticular mudstone interlayers. Within the upper the complete trackway, using Adobe Photoshop Photomerge. member, there are large cross-bedded units and typical sedimen- Numerous images of individual tracks and trackway segments tological features such as mud cracks, raindrop impressions and were also obtained (Figures 2 and 4–7). ripple marks (Sichuan Provincial Bureau of Geology aviation Photogrammetric images were produced from multiple dig- regional Geological Survey team 1976; Chen 2009). The tracksite ital photographs (Canon EOS 5D Mark III) which were con- is a large fallen block from an exposure of
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