•• Professor in Practice of Architectural Technology at Harvard GSD •• Member of Harvard GSD Faculty Board for Executive Education Division •• Visiting Professor of Architectural Technology at KTH Stockholm (2008 – 2012) •• First structural engineer to be appointed as CABE Commissioner (2008 – 2012) •• One of fifteen members of the ‘Design for ’ Advisory Group to the Mayor of London (2007 – 2008) •• Member of the Architecture Foundation’s Board of Trustees •• Member of 2011 RIBA Stirling Awards Jury •• External examiner for the Architectural Association •• Awarded the ACE Ambassador of the Year 2011 •• Member of Design Council CABE, London Design Panel 2012 •• Member of Aga Khan Award for Architecture Master Jury 2004 and Steering Committee 2015 •• Member of the New London Sounding Board •• Review Panel - Swiss National Science Foundation, NCCR Digital Fabrication

Prof Hanif Kara

BSc (Hons) CEng FIStructE FICE FREng Hon FRIBA FRSA Co-founder and director of AKT II

Hanif Kara is a principal and co-founder of London-based practice AKT II, as well as an educator. Under his leadership the practice has, in the last decade, gained an international standing in the field of the built environment.

Since forming AKT II (originally as His contribution to the industry has board of trustees for the Architecture Adams Kara Taylor) in 1996, he has been been recognised by professional bodies, Foundation. responsible for a number of innovative where he is a fellow member of the Royal In the global context, the Aga Khan and pioneering projects but also for Academy of Engineering, the Institute Award for Architecture is recognised as raising the profile of ‘design’, both in of Civil Engineers and the Institute of one of the most important awards in the the industry and the wider Structural Engineers. In 2004 he was industry. Hanif was the first structural community. His role as a design director made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal engineer to be selected for the Master includes the responsibility of securing Institute of British Architects. He has Jury for the 2004 cycle of the awards. work. This requires a clear vision, made numerous written contributions He has since continued to contribute to pioneering strategies, a passion and to various construction journals and a number of publications relating to the pride in civil and structural engineering, technical papers, including a quarterly AKAA, and was appointed to the steering conceiving interesting ‘engineering’ column in the RIBA Journal on issues that committee for its 13th cycle in 2015. solutions, confidence, and a desire to be a affect the industry. team player. His work is also intertwined with the Hanif’s choice to engage with the research and education of design. His particular design-led approach industry beyond the technical aspects of Following a period of co-tutoring a and interest in innovative forms, the structural engineering discipline led Diploma Unit at the Architectural historical structures and material uses, to his appointment as a commissioner Association in London from 2000 to prefabrication, sustainable construction for influential government watchdog 2004, in 2008 he accepted a position and complex analysis methods have CABE (Commission for Architecture and as the visiting Pierce Anderson Lecturer allowed him to work on award-winning the Built Environment) in 2008 – the in Creative Engineering at the Harvard and unique projects. Since 1996 the first structural engineer to be appointed Graduate School of Design where in practice has won over 350 design to this position. For CABE he chaired 2012 he was appointed Professor in awards, with many for projects led by the design review panels and was Practice for Architectural Technology. Hanif as design director. Some include instrumental in raising the importance of prestigious awards such as the Stirling design through chairing the ‘Inclusion by Hanif also edited Design Engineering, a Prize for the Sainsbury Laboratory in Design’ group and ‘Energy from Waste retrospective of AKT’s first decade, which Cambridge and Peckham Library in Facilities’ group, in addition to being a was published in 2008, and followed London, the Lubetkin Prize for the UK member of the Crossrail design panel. this by co-editing Design Engineering Expo Pavilion 2010 in Shanghai, and Refocused in 2016. He has also Hanif was also appointed as a member of RIBA Sustainable of the Year for contributed to many other publications the Design for London advisory group to Heelis, the National Trust HQ in Swindon, and exhibitions relating to design and the the Mayor of London in 2007 and 2008. and a number of projects in London’s role of engineering. Since 2010 he has been a member of the Olympic Park and King’s Cross. Experience

Since graduation in 1982, Hanif has worked in a variety of fields of design, including specialist structures such as tension structures, roller coasters, offshore platforms and power stations. A selection of recent projects is included in this section.

Infrastructure & Civil Engineering

•• U.K.A.E.A. Workshops, Warrington •• Rihand Power Station, India •• Heysham Powerstation, Morecambe •• Birmingham New Street Station •• Oslo Gardermoen Airport, Norway •• Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London •• King’s Cross Central, London

Housing 1 2

•• CASPAR I, Birmingham •• Cadogan Mansions, London •• Duke of York Headquarters, London •• Adelaide Wharf, London •• St Andrew’s, London

Commerce

•• Duke of York Headquarters, London •• Symons Street, London 3 4 •• Park Street, London •• Finsbury Square Offices, London •• Generali Tower, Milan

5 6

1 Birmingham New Street Station 2 Olympic Park, London 3 Gardermoen Airport, Oslo 4 King’s Cross Central, London 5 Heydar Aliyev Center, 6 Highcross, Leicester 7 Serpentine Pavilion 2016, London 8 Henderson Waves Footbridge, Singapore 7 8 Culture / public space

•• Serpentine Pavilion 2016, London •• Heydar Aliyev Center, Baku •• Turner Contemporary, Margate •• UK Pavilion, Expo 2010, Shanghai •• Eli & Eythe Broad Art Museum, East Lansing, MI •• Peckham Library, London

Education 9 10 •• Peckham Library and Media Centre, London •• Phæno Science Center, Wolfsburg •• Waverley Secondary School, London •• Blizard Building, Queen Mary College, London •• Ben Pimlott Building, Goldsmiths College, London •• Bedales School, Hampshire •• Westminster School for Boys, London

Retail

•• Brindleyplace Café, Birmingham 11 12 •• Duke of York Headquarters, London •• Highcross, Leicester •• Park House, London

Laboratories

•• Blizard Building, Queen Mary College, London •• Burlington Danes Imaging Centre, Imperial College, London •• Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Cambridge The Francis Crick Institute, London •• 13 14

9 Jubilee Gardens, London 10 Westfield Student Village, London 11 Masdar Institute, Abu Dhabi 12 Adelaide Wharf, London 13 St Andrews, London 14 The Francis Crick Institute, London 15 Merchant Square Footbridge, London 16 UK Pavilion, Expo 2010, Shang 15 16 Selected writings

Hanif has written and published widely technical papers and opinion pieces on the subject of design and interdisciplinarity. Below is a snapshot of his work:

2013 Published in: The New Structuralism: Published in: AD Architectural Design Design, Engineering, and Architectural – Patterns of Architecture, Vol 79, No •• “Architecture and Waste, A (Re) Technologies, AD Reader May 2010 6, November / December 2009, editor: Planned Obsolescence 2016” – •• “Places of production: Helen Castle Hanif Kara, Leira Asensio Villoria, An engineer’s perspective” – •• “Applied Diagrams” – Hanif Kara, Andreas Georgoulias Hanif Kara. London 2009. Published London 2009. Published in: Mark •• “Design Engineering Refocused in: Workplaces: The Transformation of Garcia (editor), The Diagrams of 2016” – Hanif Kara and Daniel Bosia Places of Production Architecture, AD Reader, John Wiley & •• “Industrialization and the built Sons, London 2010 2013 environment in the Islamic World” – •• “BCO Guide to Specification – Design published December 2010, of offices” – Hanif Kara. Published •• “Deliverance of Design – Making, editor: Mohammad al-Asad September 2009 mending and revitalising structures. “After – Fragmentation of Processes The Works of AKT II 1996 – 2016” by •• and Products: Fordist lessons for the 2008 AKT II built environment in the developing •• “My Kind of Town – Istanbul’ by Hanif •• “Tools and Weapons … Engineers world” – Kara RIBA Journal, April 2013 take” – Hanif Kara. Published in: Hanif Kara, London 2010. Published in •• “Interdisciplinary Design: New Emerging Possibilities of Testing and Implicate & Explicate Aga Khan Awar Lessons from Architecture and Simulation Methods and Techniques for Architecture, Edited by Mohsen Engineering.” by Hanif Kara and in Contemporary Construction Mostafavi, November, 201 Andreas Georgoulias, Harvard / Actar Teaching EAAE Transactions on January 2013 2009 Architectural Education No 37 Editor Maria Voyatzaki, Greece 2008 2012 •• “Red Eye Rewards” – Hanif Kara, •• “Design Engineering” – Hanif Kara. London 2009. Published in: RIBA Published in: Hanif Kara (editor), •• “Conversation with Akishia Hirata & Journal, June 2009 Design Engineering AKT, Hanif Kara: Tangling” - Architecture “Expand your Mind” – Hanif Kara, London 2008 Foundation Exhibition Programme, •• London 2009. Published in: RIBA September 2012 Journal, October 2009 2007 •• “Conversation with Hanif Kara & Ciro “Nine problems in the form of the Najle” – Plot June 2012. •• •• “Architectural technology as a project” pavilion” – Hanif Kara, London 2009. – Hanif Kara, June 2007. Prepared Edited by Yusuke Obuchi and Alan 2010 for Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, Dempsey, AA, London, published Institute for Art and Architecture •• “On Design Engineering” – April 2010. Architectural Association •• “Design and Construction of the Hanif Kara and Michael Kubo in London AA Agendas No. 8 Phaeno Science Centre, Wolfsburg, Conversation, London 2009. Guest “Reductive Engineering Patterns – An •• Germany” – Hanif Kara and Paul Scott. Editors: Rivka Oxman and Robert Interview with Hanif Kara” – Hanif Published in: The Structural Engineer Oxman Editor: Caroline Ellerby. Kara and Mark Garcia, London 2009. Journal, July 2007

evening meeting: kara/scott Applied Diagrams Evening meeting By Hanif Kara of Adams Kara Taylor with grateful thanks to Chloe Faram, David Watson, Held on 7 June 2007 at IStructE, 11 Upper Belgrave Street, London SW1X 8BH at 18.00h. Martha Enthoven and Panagiotis Michalatos Design and construction of the Phaeno It would be implausible to develop a transformational narrative on the subject of the “Architectural Engineering” Science Centre, Wolfsburg, Germany diagram in this essay given that, the subject is widely and often wildly documented when many aspects of culture that need a ‘representation of reality’ are intellectualised; such as Art, Architecture, Science, Medicine, Music and Language. The ‘diagram’ has been a particularly recurrent idea in architectural theory with slightly different interpretations at Synopsis German partners Mayer Bährle. The structural engineer was Hanif Kara This paper discusses the design, drawing and construction of Adams Kara Taylor working with German partners Tokarz BSc (Hons), CEng, each period and by different Architects/ theoreticians. For a structural engineer the “diagram” is a precise tool that the Phaeno Science Centre, Wolfsburg, Germany. The Frerichs Leipold and the services consultant was German- MIStructE, Hon FRIBA expresses a detail, a loadpath, a structural system, a building, a geometry or a process. It has tangible qualities such as building opened to the public in November 2005 and was based NEK. The concrete contractor was Heitkamp and the Co-founder, Adams Kara subsequently shortlisted for the 2006 and won steel fabricator was Queck. Taylor proportion, weight scale and it’s these types of diagrams that will be the subject of this essay. the 2006 IStructE Structural Award in the Arts, Leisure and Entertainment category. The project Paul Scott The project was won in competition by Architects Introduction in collaboration with Adams Kara Taylor in early 2000. The BEng, CEng, Site location and history brief asked for a Science Centre providing 12 000m² of exhibi- MIStructE BUILDING Wolfsburg is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located on tion space and associated facilities and an underground car Director, Adams Kara Taylor LOADPATHS the River Aller northeast of Braunschweig (Brunswick) and is park of 15 000m². bordered by the districts of Gifhorn and Helmstedt. Keywords: Phaeno The city of Wolfsburg was founded in 1938 as Stadt des KdF- The proposal Science Centre, Wagen to house autoworkers building the car which would During the competition the architect was keen to develop an Wolfsburg, Germany, later become famous as the Volkswagen Beetle. One of the idea which maintained specific sight lines between the city of Exhibition Centres, Design, Cones, reasons to build the plant there was the Mitteland-canal. This Wolfsburg, VW’s factory building and the ‘Autostadt’, Fig 1. Concrete, Self- canal was a very good way to goods back and forth. This desire led to raising the building above ground level to compacting concrete, The brick smokestacks of the city’s Volkswagen factory, the maintain the visual links. In this analogy the floor was Waffle floors, largest in Europe, still loom above the city. considered as a floating plane which could be allowed to Construction work, Roofs STRUCTURAL The city is situated south of the canal with the original deform and connect with the ground scape to provide support ENGINEERING factory to the northwest and the Autostadt (VW’s flagship build- to the structure above. This evolved into a concept which © Hanif Kara & Paul Scott DIAGRAM CONNECTIONS ing) to the northeast. would morph all the vertical and horizontal elements of the FORCE FIELD building into one continuous surface that provided both the The project team structural and architectural form. The project was undertaken for Stadt Wolfsburg (City of A scheme was thus conceived that relied on a seamless Wolfsburg). The architect was Zaha Hadid working with its transition between both the architectural and engineering

2

PROCESS

TOPOLOGY GEOMETRY

1 Suggested types of Engineering Diagrams

In order to discover further meanings of ‘the diagram’ in structural engineering I would start by dismissing the conjoining of ‘Engineering Architecture’ or ‘Architectural Engineering’ as in practice such a dual discipline simply doesn’t exist and most attempts to legitimise this dual role in practice result in anything but discipline. It would be much more helpful to limit the discussion to the pure discipline of Structural Engineering. In that too, unlike many engineers, I do not believe that beauty always lies ‘in the grace of construction’, the work of AKT for instance can be criticised for not always prioritising ‘efficiency, clarity and rigour’ by at least the engineering fraternity. AKT’s intents in design lie in being adaptive to the derivative position of the project (e.g. highly complex, simple, large, shaped) as it’s from that position only that this essay should be read.

Fig 1. Key sight lines (courtesy of Zaha Hadid Architects) / Fig 2. Structural concept diagram

17 July 2007 – The Structural Engineer|33

Architectural Association London AA Agendas No. 8

Standfirst to come: Mark Garcia Standfirst NINE PROBLEMS to come: Mark Garcia Standfirst to come: IN THE FORM Mark Garcia Standfirst OF A PAVILION to come: Mark Garcia Standfirst to come: Mark Garcia Standfirst to come: Mark Garcia Edited by Yusuke Obuchi Standfirst to come: Mark and Alan Dempsey Garcia Standfirst to come: Mark Garcia Standfirst to come: Mark Garcia Standfirst to come: Mark Garcia Standfirst to come. Reductive Engineering Patterns An Interview with Hanif Kara

Microscopic section of mahogany wood (Pinus sylvestris). Another part of the ongoing research by Hanif Kara and AKT is with regard to the patterns found in living organisms and nature, from plants and animals down to the micro- scale patterns of cells and systems of biological components.

1 Long-term academic engagements

Harvard, Graduate School KTH Royal Institute of of Design, Cambridge, USA. Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. 2008 – present 2007 – 2012

Hanif is an Professor in Practice of From 2007 to 2012 Hanif was a Visisting Architectural Technology at the Harvard Professor for Architectural Technology School of Design. Prior to this, from 2008 at KTH Stockholm. His role has included to 2012, he was the the Pierce Anderson setting up a new syllabus for 1st to 5th Lecturer in Creative Engineering. As year architects, developing a strategy well as supporting various core studios, for postgraduate research, recruitment he has set up a seminar course ‘In of staff and, in 2010, a unit teaching Search of Design Through Engineers’ “Architectures of Interdisciplinarity” with Dr. Andreas Georgoulias. This is an interdisplinary course with students of Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. architecture, engineering, design, urban 2009 – present planning and computation from MIT and Harvard. Hanif has assisted in developing a course in technology for students of architecture at Umeå University on yearly basis since Harvard GSD Faculty Board for 2009. the Education Executive Division

Hanif is a Harvard GSD Faculty Board The Institute for Advanced Member for the Education Executive Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC), Division. Barcelona, Spain. 2007 – present

Hanif is a Visiting Tutor and member of Harvard GESU Advisory Group the scientifi c advisory panel at theIAAC Hanif is part of the Harvard Research Barcelona. Group who are producing the Gulf Encyclopedia for Sustainable Urbansisim Architectural Association, which is focused on Qatar, Bahrain, Iraq, London, UK. 2000 – 2008 Iran, Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Muscat. Hanif has provided support to Diploma Units and the Design Research Lab from 2002 to 2008. He was an external examiner from 2003 to 2007. In addition he was co-tutor for Diploma Unit 14 from 2000 to 2004. Selected judging / industry advice Exhibitions

•• Architectural Association, London (fi rst structural engineer to be •• “Sensing Spaces” External examiner 2003 – 2007 appointed at CABE) Royal Academy of Art, 25th January - •• Aga Khan Awards for Architecture •• Cloudscap.es Awards 06 April 2014 Master Jury member 2004 Judge 2010 •• Love & Money Project Reviewer 2007, 2010 & 2013 Design Council CABE •• Taipei / Taiwan, 11th December 2007 Aga Khan Awards for Architecture Design Review Panel Member •• Lecture, presentation and interview Steering Committer member 2015 2011 – present for the Foreign and Commonwealth Architecture Foundation, London Design for London Advisory Group •• •• Offi ce and the British Council Member of the Board of Trustees Member 2007 – 2008 2010 to present •• Urban Design London •• “AKT II at Work” •• British Construction Industry Design Surgeon / Advisor 2010 Architectural Association, London / UK Awards •• Royal Institute of British 16th January 2009 Presentation Judge 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, Architects •• “The structural engineering of a 2015 & 2017 RIBA President’s Medal judge 2009 metaphor” British Council for Offi ces Roses Design Awards •• •• Harvard Graduate School of Design, Member of the Technical Aff airs Judge 2009 September 2010. Curator and Committee 2008 – present RSA Design Directions •• presentation •• Building Awards Judge Resourceful Architect category Judge 2010, 2011, 2012 & 2013 2010 •• Building Magazine •• World Architecture Festival Member of the editorial board Judge 2008 & 2009 2007 – 2009 & 2012 – present Super-judge 2010 •• CABE •• RIBA Stirling Prize Commissioner 2008 – 2011 Jury member 2011 Symposiums

•• “Design Engineering”, University of •• AA visiting School, Iran UCL Bartlett School of Architecture, Toronto, Toronto, 12.11.13, Lecture Tehran / Iran, 24.06.2011. Presentation London / UK, 21.09.2009. Chair •• “From an agnostic to an •• Scientific Forum of the •• Space Syntax Symposium, empathetic approach to a design Mediterranean Stockholm / Sweden, 07.09.2009. business”, The Entrepreneurial Exhibition of Building Medibat, Lecture Design Firm Seminar, New York, Tunis / Tunisia 07.06.11 Lecture •• Design.edu as Research.lab 15.10.13, Presentation •• Fabricate 2011 Digital Fabrication Bauhaus Dessau / Germany •• Where next for the BCO Guide Conference 07.07.2009. Presentation to Specification?BCO Conference, London / UK, 15.04.2011. Contributor •• Architectural Technology Madrid, 16.05.13, Presentation to publication and chair Engineering College of •• “Engineering Attitudes” IABSE •• University of Waterloo Aarhus / Denmark, 25.09.2009. Annual Lecture, IstructE London, Toronto / , 22.03.11, Lecture Presentation 15.05.13, Lecture •• “(RE) searching Knowledge” •• Aga Khan Seminar •• “Materialness” Nervi Principle GSAPP Columbia Uni Think Tank Istanbul / Turkey, 13.01.2009. Symposium, Berlin, 15.02.13, Lecture NYC / USA, 28.02.2011 Presentation Presentation •• “Intellidesgn” BCO Intellibuild •• Gordon H Smith Lecture •• AR Conference “Sustainable Cities” Conference London, 21.11.12, Yale University, New Haven / USA, London / UK, 29.03.2007. Presentation Presentation 20.01.11, Lecture •• “Our Future Cities” Global Summitt •• World Habitat Day on Creative Services, British Tunis / Tunisia, 04.10.2010. Lecture Business Embassy, London, 30.07.12, & presentation to Ministry of Habitat Workshops Lecture and University of Tunis •• American University of Beirut •• “Building Intelligence Project” •• “plastic- OPACITY’ – Beirut / Lebanon, 14.05.12, Lecture GSAPP Columbia Uni Think Tank 2nd Concrete Design Competition •• “Current Work” London / UK, 30.06.2010. Presentation and Masterclass American Architectural League •• “Intricate Correlations” Workshop Bauhaus Dessau / Germany, NYC, / USA, 25.04.12, Lecture Innsbruck / Austria, 11.06.2010. 2006 / 2007 Nabih Youssef Lecture Presentation •• “Fibrous Structures” University of Southern California, Manchester Architecture and •• •• Arkitera Architecture Centre LA, / USA, 11.04.12, Lecture Design Festival Istanbul / Turkey & AA London, March Digital Handwerk Symposium Manchester / UK, 12.05.2010. •• 2007. Collaborator with organisers, ETH Zurich / Switzerland, 15.03.12, Presentation ecoLogicStudio and Tuspa Lecture •• Smart Geometry Conference •• Structural Systems in Architecture Barcelona / Spain, 23.03.2010 Istanbul Kultur University /Turkey, Cambridge & London / UK, January 24.11.11, Lecture 2006. Keynote & lectures •• Algode Symposium •• EKODesign Conference Tokyo/ Japan, 14.11.11, Lecture Istanbul / Turkey, 24.11.2009. •• CSBE Award and Symposium Presentation 2011 Amman / Jordan, 11.10.2011. •• “Digital Architecture London” Presentation and member of awards Conference jury