DOCSLIB.ORG

New Data on Ichthyoplankton of the Southwestern Pacific Andrei V

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Data on Ichthyoplankton of the Southwestern Pacific Andrei V W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1997 New Data on Ichthyoplankton of the SouthWestern Pacific andrei V. Suntsov College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Suntsov, andrei V., "New Data on Ichthyoplankton of the SouthWestern Pacific" (1997). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617727. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-8ydy-5691 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEW DATA ON ICHTHYOPLANKTON OF THE SOUTH WESTERN PACIFIC A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Andrei V. Suntsov 1997 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science '. Suntsov Approved, October 1997 John E. Olney, Ph. D. Committee Chairman/Advisor in M. Brubaker, Ph. D. H i / i / I Hugh WJ>fcklow, Ph. D. JohpA. Musick, Ph. D. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.......................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................ viii PREFACE..................................................................................................................................xi CHAPTER 1. Larvae and juveniles of Paradiplospinus antarcticus Andriashev, 1960 (Gempylidae) from the subantarctic waters of the Pacific ...................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................. 2 METHODS.....................................................................................................................4 GENERAL MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRICS ....................................... 7 COMPARATIVE NOTES.......................................................................................... 21 DISTRIBUTION..........................................................................................................24 LITERATURE CITED................................................................................................30 CHAPTER 2. Development ofAstronesthes sp. from the Subtropical Convergence region of the south western Pacific ....................................... 32 INTRODUCTION................................................... 33 METHODS................................ 35 RESULTS.....................................................................................................................37 iii DISCUSSION............................................................................................................ ..50 DISTRIBUTION................................................................................. 56 LITERATURE CITED................................................................................................57 CHAPTER 3. Ichthyoplankton assemblages in the south western Pacific ..............60 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................61 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................................................................65 RESULTS................................................................... 73 DISCUSSION.......................................... 125 LITERATURE CITED .............................................................................................130 APPENDIX.................................................................. 137 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply indebted to the chairman of my committee, Dr. John E. Olney for his guidance, patience and helpful criticism during the writing of the thesis. I would like to express my appreciation to my committee members Dr. John M. Brubaker, Dr. Hugh W. Ducklow, and Dr. John A. Musick for helpful suggestions and for critique of the manuscript. Special thanks are due to Dr. Sergei A. Evseenko (Institute of Oceanology, Russia) who first introduced me to the study of larval fishes and provided the material for this study. His advice, constructive criticism and insight is gratefully acknowledged. I would also like to thank those VIMS personnel who provided help and assisted me during the course of this study. Special thanks go to my parents, for their considerable moral support and understanding throughout the course of my graduate studies. Last, but not least my sincerest thanks are due to my buddy Patrick Richardson who provided daily allowances of humor, moral support and sincere friendship. This study was supported in part by an award from Russian and Eurasian Award Program of the National Association of Foreign Students Advisors (NAFS A) and the Virginia Marine Fisheries Commission (grant number RF 98-6, Dr. John E. Olney principal investigator). Dr. William D. DuPaul and Dr. John D. Milliman provided financial assistance during final stage of this study. v LIST OF TABLES Page CHAPTER 1 Table 1. Morphometric measurements of larvae and juveniles of Paradiplospinus antarcticus (in % of SL)...................................................................8 Table 2. Meristic counts for cleared and stained larvae and juveniles of Paradiplospinus antarcticus. Numbers in parentheses denote incomplete ossification...................... 15 Table 3. Comparisons between vertebrae counts of adult specimens of Paradiplospinus antarcticus and P.gracilis...........................................................................................22 CHAPTER 2 Table 1. Morphometric measurements of larvae and metamorphosing specimens of Astronestes sp. Values are reported as % of standard length, n is number of specimens. Other abbreviations are defined in text ................................................. 38 Table 2. Meristic data for cleared and stained larvae and metamorphosing specimens of Astronesthes sp............................................................................................................41 Table 3. Comparison of photophore counts of high-count species of Astronesthes from the Southern Subtropical Convergence (data from Gibbs and McKinney, 1988 and this study) ............................................................................................................................ 42 Table 4. Comparison of meristic counts of high-count Astronesthes species from the Southern Subtropical Convergence (data from Gibbs and McKinney 1988, and this study) ............................................ 52 CHAPTER 3 Table 1. Stations numbers in 34th cruise of R/V “Dmitrii Mendeleev” and samples collected with Isaaks-Kidd midwater trawl, used in present study ..........................67 Table 2. Ranked abundance of species in collections of the 34th cruise of R/V “Dmitrii Mendeleev” (mean 1 - number of individuals per sample; mean 2 - number of individuals per number of samples in which species occurred; max - maximum number of individuals per sample; total - total number of species in the collection). Species code number correspond to those used in ordination and cluster analysis....................................... 78 Table 3. Calculations of diversity indices and evenness of 38 ichthyoplankton samples taken on the 34th cruise of R/V “Dmitrii Medeleev” with samples groups outlined by cluster analysis ................................................................................ 81 Table 4. Two-way sample by species table resulting from TWINSPAN classification. Values denote categories of abundance: 1: 0-0.03, 2: 0.03-0.06, 3: 0.06-1.0, 4: 1.0-1.5, 5: 1.5-5.0 specimens/1000m3....................................................................... 83 Table 5. Results of Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DC A) ...................................... 104 Table 6. Correlation matrix relating DCA axes to environmental variables (= interset correlations of environmental variables with axes) and fraction of variance in environmental data that is extracted by each axis, a) DCA with all samples; b) DCA with samples 1,2,3 and 38 excluded ...............................................................105 Table 7. Results of Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) without samples 1,2,3 and 38 ......................................................................................................................... 109 Table 8. Results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) ........................................118 Table 9. The results of Monte-Carlo permutation test (performed with 99 unrestricted permutations) on significance of the fist four axes of CCA ................................... 120 Table 10. Inter-set correlations of environmental variables with canonical axes, variance explained during forward selection of environmental variables and fraction of variance in environmental data that is extracted by each axis of CCA ................. 121 Table 11. Weighted multiple regression of environmental
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Report on the First Scotian Shelf Ichthyoplankton Program
    NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR (S) International Commission for a the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Serial No. 5179 ICNAF Res. Doc. 78/VI/21 (D.c.1) ANNUAl MEETING - JUNE 1978 Report on the First Scotian Shelf Ichthyoplanktoll Program (SSIP) Workshop, 29 August to 3 September 1977, St. Andrews, N. B. Sponsored by Department of Fisheries and Environment Marine Fish Division Resource Branch, Maritimes Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, Nova Scotia TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract 2 Terms of Reference 2 Introduction 4 Oceanographic Regime •••••..••••.•.•.•••••••..••••••.••..•. 4 Overview of Present Approaches ••••••••••••••••••..•••.•••• 6 - Canada 6 - United States of America 13 - Un! ted Kingdom 19 - Federal Republic of Germany......................... 24 Sampling Recommendations 25 Sorting Protocols 26 Planning Sessions 26 Summary and Resolutions ••••••••.•..••...•••.••••...•.•.•.• 27 References 28 List of participants 30 Convener P. F. Lett Rapporteur: J. F. Schweigert C2 - 2 - ABSTRACT The Scotian Shelf ichthyoplankton workshop was organized to draw on expertise from other prevailing programs and to incorporate any new ideas on ichthyoplankton ecology and sampling 8S it might relate to the stock-recruitment problem and fisheries management. Experts from a number of leading fisheries laboratories presented overviews of their ichthyoplankton programs and approaches to fisheries management. The importance of understanding the eJirly life history of most fish species was emphasized and some pre! iminary reBul
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Luminescence. on the Subocular Light-Organs of Stomiatoid Fishes
    J. mar. bioi. Ass. U.K. (1960) 39,529-548 529 Printed in Great Britain STUDIES ON LUMINESCENCE. ON THE SUBOCULAR LIGHT-ORGANS OF STOMIATOID FISHES By J. A. C. NICOL The Plymouth Laboratory (Text-figs. 1-10) Many stomiatoid fishes possess a peculiar light-organ below and behind the eye, as well as other kinds of photophores. This light-organ, of diagnostic importance, is termed the subocular, postocular or cheek-organ. Stomiatoid fishes, suborder Stomiatoidei, form a suborder of the Isospondyli. Subocular organs are found in the following groups: Superfamily Stomiatoidae Stomiatidae and Chauliodontidae Superfamily Astronesthoidae (= Gymnophotodermi) Astronesthidae, Melanostomiatidae and Idiacanthidae. Over the course of the past 8 years I have collected specimens of species belonging to each of the above families, and this material has made possible a comparative study of the sub ocular organs of the Stomiatoidei. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of stomiatoid fishes were obtained from deep-sea catches of the R.R. S. 'Discovery II' and R.V. ' Sarsia '. I am indebted to the Director of the National Institute of Oceanography for the former material. The following species were examined. Stomiatidae Stomias brevibarbatus Ege, 1918. One specimen, 'Discovery' station No. 3354. S. ferox Reinhardt (Zugmayer, 19II; Ege, 1918). Four specimens, 'Sarsia' stations No. 7/1957, No. II (Kon & Fisher)jI959, No. 15/1959. Chauliodontidae Chauliodus sloani Schneider (Regan & Trewavas, 1929). One specimen, 'Discovery' station No. 3051. Astronesthidae Astronesthf-s elucens Brauer (Parr, 1927). Two specimens, 'Sarsia' stations Nos. 23/1957, 14/1959. 33 JOURN. MAR. BIOL. ASSOC. VOL. 39, J960 530 J. A. C. NICOL Astronesthes richardsoni Poey (Parr, 1927).
    [Show full text]
  • Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program
    NORTH PACIFIC RESEARCH BOARD BERING SEA INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH PROGRAM FINAL REPORT Ichthyoplankton: horizontal, vertical, and temporal distribution of larvae and juveniles of Walleye Pollock, Pacific Cod, and Arrowtooth Flounder, and transport pathways between nursery areas NPRB BSIERP Project B53 Final Report Janet Duffy-Anderson1, Franz Mueter2, Nicola Hillgruber2, Ann Matarese1, Jeffrey Napp1, Lisa Eisner3, T. Smart4, 5, Elizabeth Siddon2, 1, Lisa De Forest1, Colleen Petrik2, 6 1Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA 2University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801 USA 3Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA 4School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, USA 5Present affiliation: Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston, South Carolina 29422, USA 6Present affiliation: UC Santa Cruz, Institute of Marine Sciences, 110 Shaffer Rd., Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA December 2014 1 Table of Contents Page Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Study Chronology ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The First Evidence of Intrinsic Epidermal Bioluminescence Within Ray-Finned Fishes in the Linebelly Swallower Pseudoscopelus Sagamianus (Chiasmodontidae)
    Received: 10 July 2019 Accepted: 22 October 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14179 BRIEF COMMUNICATION FISH The first evidence of intrinsic epidermal bioluminescence within ray-finned fishes in the linebelly swallower Pseudoscopelus sagamianus (Chiasmodontidae) Michael J. Ghedotti1,2 | W. Leo Smith3 | Matthew P. Davis4 1Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA Abstract 2Bell Museum of Natural History, University of External and histological examination of the photophores of the linebelly swallower Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA Pseudoscopelus sagamianus reveal three epidermal layers of cells that form the light- 3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University producing and light-transmitting components of the photophores. Photophores of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA among the examined photophore tracts are not significantly different in structure but 4 Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud the presence of mucous cells in the superficial layers of the photophore suggest con- State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA tinued function of the epidermal photophore in contributing to the mucous coat. This Correspondence is the first evidence of intrinsic bioluminescence in primarily epidermal photophores Michael J. Ghedotti, Department of Biology, Regis University, 3333 Regis Boulevard, reported in ray-finned fishes. Denver, CO, 80221-1099, USA. Email: [email protected] KEYWORDS Funding information bioluminescence, deep-sea, histology, integument, photophores, Pseudoscopelus sagamianus, The work primarily was supported by funding Scombriformes from a Regis URSC Grant to M.J.G., a University of Kansas GRF allocation (#2105077) to W.L.S. and National Science Foundation grants (DEB 1258141 and DEB 1543654) to M.P.D. and W.L.S. provided monetary support.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and Significance of the Luminous Organs in Alepocephaloid Fishes
    Uiblein, F., Ott, J., Stachowitsch,©Akademie d. Wissenschaften M. (Eds), Wien; 1996: download Deep-sea unter www.biologiezentrum.at and extreme shallow-water habitats: affinities and adaptations. - Biosystematics and Ecology Series 11:151-163. Morphology and significance of the luminous organs in alepocephaloid fishes Y. I. SAZONOV Abstract: Alepocephaloid fishes, or slickheads (two families, Alepocephalidae and Platytroctidae), are deep-sea fishes distributed in all three major oceans at depths of ca. 100-5000 m, usually between ca. 500 and 3000 m. Among about 150 known species, 13 alepocephalid and all (ca. 40) platytroctid species have diverse light organs: 1) postcleithral luminous gland (all platytroctids); it releases a luminescent secredon which presumably startles or blinds predators and allows the fish to escape; 2) relatively large, regulär photophores on the head and ventral parts of the body in the alepocephalid Microphotolepis and in 6 (of 14) platytroctid genera. These organs may serve for countershading and possibly for giving signals to other individuals of the same species; 3) small "simple" or "secondary" photophores covering the whole body and fins in 5 alepocephalid genera, and a few such structures in 1 platytroctid; these organs may be used for Camouflage in the glow of spontaneous bioluminescence; 4) the mental light organ in 2 alepocephalid genera from the abyssal zone (Bathyprion and Mirognathus) may be used as a Iure to attract prey. Introduction Alepocephaloid fishes, or slickheads, comprise two families of isospondyl- ous fishes (Platytroctidae and Alepocephalidae). The group is one of the most diverse among oceanic bathypelagic fishes (about 35 genera with 150 species), and these fishes play a significant role in the communities of meso- and bathypelagic animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and Phylogenetic Relationships of Fossil Snake Mackerels and Cutlassfishes (Trichiuroidea) from the Eocene (Ypresian) London Clay Formation
    MS. HERMIONE BECKETT (Orcid ID : 0000-0003-4475-021X) DR. ZERINA JOHANSON (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-8444-6776) Article type : Original Article Handling Editor: Lionel Cavin Running head: Relationships of London Clay trichiuroids Hermione Becketta,b, Sam Gilesa, Zerina Johansonb and Matt Friedmana,c aDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK bDepartment of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK cCurrent address: Museum of Paleontology and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA *Correspondence to: Hermione Beckett, +44 (0) 1865 272000 [email protected], Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, OX1 3AN Short title: Relationships of London Clay trichiuroids Author Manuscript Key words: Trichiuroidea, morphology, London Clay, Trichiuridae, Gempylidae, fossil This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/spp2.1221 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved A ‘Gempylids’ (snake mackerels) and trichiurids (cutlassfishes) are pelagic fishes characterised by slender to eel-like bodies, deep-sea predatory ecologies, and large fang-like teeth. Several hypotheses of relationships between these groups have been proposed, but a consensus remains elusive. Fossils attributed to ‘gempylids’ and trichiurids consist almost exclusively of highly compressed body fossils and isolated teeth and otoliths. We use micro-computed tomography to redescribe two three- dimensional crania, historically assigned to †Eutrichiurides winkleri and †Progempylus edwardsi, as well as an isolated braincase (NHMUK PV OR 41318).
    [Show full text]
  • Part 4 Appendices
    Part 4 Appendices HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS MARINE RESERVE 139 Appendix 1. Proclamation of Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve 140 MANAGEMENT PLAN HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS MARINE RESERVE 141 142 MANAGEMENT PLAN Appendix 2. Native Fauna of the HIMI Marine Reserve Listed Under the EPBC Act Scientific Name Common Name Birds recorded as breeding Aptenodytes patagonicus king penguin S Catharacta lonnbergi subantarctic skua S Daption capense cape petrel S Diomeda exulans wandering albatross V S M B J A Diomeda melanophrys black–browed albatross S M B A Eudyptes chrysocome southern rockhopper penguin S Eudyptes chrysolophus macaroni penguin S Larus dominicanus kelp gull S Macronectes giganteus southern giant petrel E S M B A Oceanites oceanicus Wilson’s storm petrel S M J Pachyptila crassirostris fulmar prion S Pachyptila desolata Antarctic prion S Pelecanoides georgicus South Georgian diving petrel S Pelecanoides urinatrix common diving petrel S Phalacrocorax atriceps (e) Heard Island cormorant V S Phoebetria palpebrata light mantled sooty albatross S M B A Pygoscelis papua gentoo penguin S Sterna vittata Antarctic tern V S Non–breeding birds Catharacta maccormicki south polar skua S M J Diomedea epomophora southern royal albatross V S M B A Fregetta grallaria white–bellied storm petrel S Fregetta tropica black–bellied storm petrel S Fulmarus glacialoides southern fulmar S Garrodia nereis grey–backed storm petrel S Halobaena caerulea blue petrel V S Macronectes halli northern giant petrel V S M B A Pachyptila belcheri
    [Show full text]
  • Diurnal and Tidal Vertical Migration of Pre- Settlement King George Whiting
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 170: 239-248.1998 Published September 3 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Diurnal and tidal vertical migration of pre- settlement King George whiting Sillaginodes punctata in relation to feeding and vertical distribution of prey in a temperate bay Gregory P. ~enkins'l*,Dirk C. welsford2,Michael J. ~eough~,Paul A. Hamer1 'Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, PO Box 114, Queenscliff, Victoria 3225, Australia 'Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052. Australia ABSTRACT: Vertically stratified sampling was undertaken for pre-settlement Kng George whiting Sil- laglnodespunctata at 1 site in 1995 and 4 sites in 1996, in Port Phillip Bay, Australia. In 1995, 3 depth strata were sampled: surface, 2.5-3.0 m, and 5.0-5.5 m, in a total water depth of 7 to 8 m. Samphng was conducted on 17 dates and encon~passedall combinations of day and night, and ebb and flood tide. A total of 3, or in one case 4, replicate samples were taken at each depth. On 4 occasions a smaller zoo- plankton net was deployed at the same time as the ichthyoplankton net. Pre-settlement S. punctata showed 'reverse' &urnal vertical migration, with concentration near the surface during the day and dif- fusion through the water column at night. A much weaker tidal migration was also detected, with lar- vae slightly higher in the water column on flood tides. Pre-settlement S. punctata only fed in daylight and zooplankton taxa that were eaten did not show vertical stratification during daytime. In 1996. 4 sites were sampled at a minimum of 10 m depth, and an additional depth stratum, 7.5-8.0 m, was sam- pled.
    [Show full text]
  • Adult and Larval Fish Assemblages in Front of Marine Biological Station, Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (IJESE) Vol. 4: 55- 65 (2013) http://www.pvamu.edu/texged Prairie View A&M University, Texas, USA Adult and larval reef fish communities in a coastal reef lagoon at Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. Mohamed A. Abu El-Regal Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History The aim of this study was to explore the composition of reef fish Received: Jan. 3, 2013 community in a coastal lagoon in Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. Accepted: March 9, 2013 Available online: Sept. 2013 Adult fishes were counted by visual censuses, whereas fish larvae _________________ were collected by 0.5 mm mesh plankton net. A total of 70 adult Keywords reef fish species and 41 larval fish species were collected. Only 16 Reef fishes. species of the recorded adults had their larvae, where as 26 species Fish larvae. were found only as larvae. It could be concluded that adult stages Red Sea. Hurghada. of the reef fish in the inshore areas are not fully represented by larval stages 1. INTRODUCTION The investigation of fish fauna and flora of the Red Sea has attracted the attention of scientists for very long time. The fish fauna received the greatest attention since the Swedish naturalist Peter Forsskal (1761-1762). Many efforts have been done to study and explore fish community structure in the area since the early staff of the Marine Biological Station in Hurghada. Gohar (1948,) and Gohar and Latif (1959), and Gohar and Mazhar (1964) have made extensive studies on the adult fish community in front of the station.
    [Show full text]
  • Iso-Luminance Counterillumination Drove Bioluminescent Shark Radiation
    OPEN Iso-luminance counterillumination drove SUBJECT AREAS: bioluminescent shark radiation ECOLOGICAL Julien M. Claes1, Dan-Eric Nilsson2, Nicolas Straube3, Shaun P. Collin4 &Je´roˆme Mallefet1 MODELLING ICHTHYOLOGY 1Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Earth and Life Institute, Universite´ catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 2Lund ADAPTIVE RADIATION Vision Group, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden, 3Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA, 4The School of Animal Biology and The Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Received 13 November 2013 Counterilluminating animals use ventral photogenic organs (photophores) to mimic the residual downwelling light and cloak their silhouette from upward-looking predators. To cope with variable Accepted conditions of pelagic light environments they typically adjust their luminescence intensity. Here, we found 21 February 2014 evidence that bioluminescent sharks instead emit a constant light output and move up and down in the water Published column to remain cryptic at iso-luminance depth. We observed, across 21 globally distributed shark species, 10 March 2014 a correlation between capture depth and the proportion of a ventral area occupied by photophores. This information further allowed us, using visual modelling, to provide an adaptive explanation for shark photophore pattern diversity: in species facing moderate predation risk from below, counterilluminating photophores were partially co-opted for bioluminescent signalling, leading to complex patterns. In addition Correspondence and to increase our understanding of pelagic ecosystems our study emphasizes the importance of requests for materials bioluminescence as a speciation driver. should be addressed to J.M.C. (julien.m. mong sharks, bioluminescence occurs in two shark families only, the Dalatiidae (kitefin sharks) and the [email protected]) Etmopteridae (lanternsharks), which are among the most enigmatic bioluminescent organisms1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of the Midwater Fishes of the Gulf of California
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1968 Distribution of the Midwater Fishes of the Gulf of California Bruce Hammond Robison College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Fresh Water Studies Commons, Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Robison, Bruce Hammond, "Distribution of the Midwater Fishes of the Gulf of California" (1968). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617404. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-h07m-rs03 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DISTRIBUTION OF THE MIDWATER FISHES OF THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts LIBRARY of the Virginia i n s t it u t e of m a r in e s c ie n c e By Bruce Hammond Robison 1968 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Author Approved, December 9, 1968 Langley H. Vood, Ph.D Edwin B . Jo'sfeph/ Ph.D Evon P. Ruzecki, M.A / ii As acting graduate adviser, this will certify that I have read and accept this thesis as con­ forming to the required standard for the degree of Master of Arts, % 27 June 1968 MALVERN GILMARTIN Professor of Biological Oceanography Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove, California 93950 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was supported by a National Science Foundation grant, NSF GB 6871 for both the shipboard research and the research conducted at the Hopkins Marine Station.
    [Show full text]
  • Fao Species Catalogue
    FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 15 ISSN 0014-5602 FIR/S1 25 Vol. 15 FAO SPECIES CATALOGUE VOL. 15. SNAKE MACKERELS AND CUTLASSFISHES OF THE WORLD (FAMILIES GEMPYLIDAE AND TRICHIURIDAE) AN ANNOTATED AND ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE SNAKE MACKERELS, SNOEKS, ESCOLARS, GEMFISHES, SACKFISHES, DOMINE, OILFISH, CUTLASSFISHES, SCABBARDFISHES, HAIRTAILS AND FROSTFISHES KNOWN TO DATE 12®lÄSÄötfSE, FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 15 FIR/S125 Vol. 15 FAO SPECIES CATALOGUE VOL. 15. SNAKE MACKERELS AND CUTLASSFISHES OF THE WORLD (Families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae) An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of the Snake Mackerels, Snoeks, Escolars, Gemfishes, Sackfishes, Domine, Oilfish, Cutlassfishes, Scabbardfishes, Hairtails, and Frostfishes Known to Date by I. Nakamura Fisheries Research Station Kyoto University Maizuru, Kyoto, 625, Japan and N. V. Parin P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Academy of Sciences Krasikova 23 Moscow 117218, Russian Federation FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1993 The designations employed and the presenta­ tion of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M -40 ISBN 92-5-103124-X All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
    [Show full text]