The Springs of Gush Etzion Nature Reserve Nachal
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What are Aqueducts? by the Dagan Hill through a shaft tunnel some 400 meters long. In addition to the two can see parts of the “Arub Aqueduct”, the ancient monastery of Dir al Banat (Daughters’ settlement was destroyed during the Bar Kochba revolt. The large winepress tells of around. The spring was renovated in memory of Yitzhak Weinstock, a resident of WATER OF GUSH ETZION From the very beginning, Jerusalem’s existence hinged on its ability to provide water aqueducts coming from the south, Solomon’s pools received rainwater that had been Monastery) located near the altered streambed, and reach the ancient dam at the foot THE SPRINGS OF GUSH ETZION settlement here during Byzantine times. After visiting Hirbat Hillel, continue on the path Alon Shvut, murdered on the eve of his induction into the IDF in 1993. After visiting from which you \turned right, and a few meters later turn right again, leading to the Ein Sejma, descend to the path below and turn left until reaching Dubak’s pool. Built A hike along the aqueducts in the "Pirim" (Shafts) for its residents. Indeed, during the Middle Canaanite period (17th century BCE), when gathered in the nearby valley as well as the water from four springs running at the sides of the British dam. On top of the British dam is a road climbing from the valley eastwards Start: Bat Ayin Israel Trail maps: Map #9 perimeter road around the community of Bat Ayin. Some 200 meters ahead is the Ein in memory of Dov (Dubak) Weinstock (Yitzhak’s father) Dubak was one of the first Jerusalem first became a city, its rulers had to contend with this problem. The complex of the pool. From the pools, water flowed on three aqueducts to three major locations: and southwards reaching the very heart of Efrat. From the dam we continue on the End: Kfar Etzion River Bed Nearby rest stops: Gush Etzion intersection, Hubela spring. residents of Gush Etzion. He actively worked to develop the area around the springs waterworks systems that developed around the Gihon Spring remained in use during the lower aqueduct – the one beginning in Ein Eitam – led to the Temple Mount and broad, easy trail alongside the Pirim stream, above the long shafts tunnel after which Hike length: 1.5 km Kfar Etzion Field School Hike duration: Two (2) hours and the natural beauty spots throughout Gush Etzion. Gush Etzion teenagers who Start: Dagan Hill both Temple periods. During these periods, continued use was made of the springs the Temple; the upper aqueduct carried water to the fortress and Herod’s Palace in the it is named (Shafts – Hebrew pirim). It stretches from here southwards for some 2.8 km, Special equipment: Appropriate clothes Ein Hubela worked with Dubak built this pool in his memory. Return southwards on a dirt path Level of Difficulty: Moderate The waters of this spring emerge through a tunnel carved into the rock and gather in Finish: E’in Biyar upper city of Jerusalem, and the third aqueduct departed from Solomon’s pools in the reaching its starting point at Aqueduct spring. Several meters later, we leave the trail and and flashlights are recommended for (turn left on the road to Dubak’s cave) until you reach an asphalt road. Follow the near the city and reservoirs inside the city’s boundaries, but these were insufficient. Recommended season: All year a rectangular reservoir. Here are remnants of ancient terraces, a sheik’s tomb and a burial east, crossed the village of Artas, and transported the water to the great pool at the foot travel eastward (turn left) to the underground Roman dome, a puzzling structure, which road a few meters as it turns into the bend. Look to your left to find the steep ascent Hike Length: 31⁄2 Km Jerusalem – the capital city and the site of the Temple – grew into a metropolis, with a Trail marker: Blue entering the spring. cave from the Second Temple period. In the period leading to the establishment of the of the desert fortress of Herodion, in the heart of the lower city King Herod built. This has been perfectly preserved above the tunnel. leading back to the main road (entrance to Kfar Etzion). steady stream of pilgrims and visitors throughout the year, particularly during the three State of Israel, the spring served residents of Kibbutz Massu’ot Yitzhak. It is possible to Hike duration: 21⁄2 hours (does not Continue onwards to view the vineyards and the trellising methods employed in their pilgrimage festivals. The city desperately needed new water sources, but most efforts sophisticated system of aqueducts carrying water into Jerusalem was so effective that enter, by crawling, the spring’s tunnel (entry and exit by the same entrance. The tunnel Additional options for the route: include entry into the aqueduct) cultivation. Try to locate the remnants of the openings of the dozen shafts which in the were invested in drawing water from outside the city. Already during Hasmonean rule, later generations continued to use it. Indeed, since the Second Temple until the British 2 is a bit narrow in the beginning, but entry is generally possible). Use flashlights. Before Descent to Ein Livneh Spring: [1-1/2 hour walk] (Continue walking to Ein past could be seen in equal distances near the streambed. After 1.5 km turn from the Level of difficulty: Moderate and especially in the days of Herod, engineering and hydrological knowledge acquired conquest of Jerusalem in the early 20th century, the city of Jerusalem remained greatly continuing onwards turn westwards, towards the Judean and coastal plains, where one Hubela. As you approach Ein Hubela, look for a pedestrian path leading down to the main trail on to a side-trail to the west (right of the trail) to reach the Cave Spring (Ein channel of the Livneh stream below. Follow the channel on the dirt path marked in Recommended season: All year in Rome was utilized for the construction of long, winding aqueducts that brought dependent on this ancient system developed in the second half of the 2nd century BCE. Springs Route can see the Mediterranean on days of good visibility. From the spring continue straight Me’ara) – a tiny spring issuing forth from a natural cave whose waters, integrated with On this hike, we visit the remains of an ancient Jewish settlement from the the Second green, until reaching the Ein Livneh spring. This spring originates in the channel of water from the springs of Mt. Hebron to the city. This large and sophisticated system Where do we start? (northeast) towards the building which houses the sheik’s tomb. Notice, just right of Israel trail maps: Map #9 the traditional dirt ditches, are using modern plastic tubes to irrigate plots of beans, Temple period, dip into the cold water of Gush Etzion’s springs, and crawl through the path, is a burial tunnel which dates from the Second Temple period when families the Livneh stream which descends towards the Judean plain. The spring is ringed Follow road 60 (Jerusalem-Gush Etzion). At the Etzion Convoys intersection (Efrat-North) Trail marker: Black integrated springs, constructed and excavated aqueducts, shaft tunnels, dams and pumpkins and other vegetables. Returning to the main trail, we reach the Aqueduct an underground spring tunnel. We also pass by the remains of a settlement of Gush were customarily interred in burial tunnels of this kind – further evidence of ancient with trees; its clear waters reach a depth of two and a half (2-1/2) meters. Continue turn towards the city of Efrat. Near the gate of the northern neighborhood on Dagan Hill enormous pools. The system developed gradually, from Hasmonean times (second Spring. Enter the underground waterway and discover its secrets. The ancient stairway Etzion, where the Kibbutz of Massuot Yitzhak stood at the eve of Israel’s establishment. settlement of this area. down along the stream some 200 meters until the houses of the community of Bat Nearby rest stops: Biyar Aqueduct half of the 2nd century BCE) – when an aqueduct was built from Ein Eitam (Arabic: Ein park your vehicle. Those interested in parking their vehicles at the end of the trail should Ayin Bet come into view (on your left). (which gives the spring its second name of Ein alDrej) will lead us to a central room, How to Get There? Old Massu’ot Yitzhak Named for Rav Yitzhak Herzog Hirbat Jumjum: [two (2) hour walk] At the traffic circle near Kfar Etzion turn A’tan), north of Dagan hill (D’har Bako ridge) in the municipal jurisdiction of the modern go back to the intersection and turn left. At the sign pointing towards the junction At the Gush Etzion intersection turn west towards the communities of Alon Shvut from which we can walk and even crawl in the natural spring After a short walk you’ll reach the forest named after Kibbutz Massu’ot Yitzhak. Walk towards Bat Ayin. Continue straight until the turn-off right towards old Massu’ot city of Efrat, to the Temple – and until it peaked at the end of the Temple period, in the heading towards The Path of the Patriarchs, turn right and park at the side of the road. and Kfar Etzion. Proceed straight at the traffic circle near the entrance to Kibbutz Kfar 2.5 to the wellspring. From there, return to the main room and through the forest, then turn right on the path until you see on your left a partially Yitzhak. Go down by the middle dirt path, pass by old Massu’ot Yitzhak until reaching Etzion.