Contents

Theodore Zev Weiss Foreword xi

Editor’s Acknowledgments xiii

Doris L. Bergen Introduction xv

I. Precedents and Antecedents Christina von Braun The Symbol of the Cross: Secularization of a Metaphor from the Early Church to National Socialism 5 Jürgen Zimmerer The First Genocide of the Twentieth Century: The German War of Destruction in South-West Africa (1904–1908) and the Global History of Genocide 34 Annette Becker Suppressed Memory of Atrocity in World War I and Its Impact on World War II 65 Kate Brown The Final Solution Turns East: How Soviet Internationalism Aided and Abetted Nazi Racial Genocide 83 II. Testimony, History, and Memory Omer Bartov Interethnic Relations in the Holocaust as Seen Through Postwar Testimonies: Buczacz, East Galicia, 1941–1944 101 Na’ama Shik Infi nite Loneliness: Some Aspects of the Lives of Jewish Women in the Auschwitz Camps According to Testimonies and Autobiographies Written Between 1945 and 1948 125 Elizabeth R. Baer Rereading Women’s Holocaust Memoirs: Liana Millu’s Smoke Over Birkenau 157 Dori Laub Breaking the Silence of the Muted Witnesses: Video Testimonies of Psychiatrically Hospitalized Holocaust Survivors in Israel 175

III. Approaches to Historical Study of the Holocaust Christopher R. Browning Spanning a Career: Three Editions of Raul Hilberg’s Destruction of the European Jews 191 Martin Dean Holocaust Research and Generational Change: Regional and Local Studies Since the Cold War 203 Holly Case Territorial Revision and the Holocaust: Hungary and Slovakia During World War II 222

IV. Postwar Legacies Ronald Smelser The Myth of the Clean Wehrmacht in Cold War America 247 Ruth Kluger Personal Refl ections on Jewish Ghosts in Germany and the Memory of the Holocaust 269 Geneviève Zubrzycki “Poles-Catholics” and “Symbolic Jews”: Religion and the Construction of Symbolic Boundaries in Poland 289

Notes on Contributors 323