Finding Global Balance

33431 FINDING GLOBAL Public Disclosure Authorized BALANCE COMMON GROUND between the WORLDS of DEVELOPMENT and FAITH Katherine Marshall and Lucy Keough Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Finding Global Balance Common Ground between the Worlds of Development and Faith Finding Global Balance Common Ground between the Worlds of Development and Faith Katherine Marshall Lucy Keough Washington, D.C. © 2005 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone 202-473-1000 Internet www.worldbank.org E-mail [email protected] All rights reserved. 123408070605 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. 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All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6247-1 ISBN-10: 0-8213-6247-X eISBN: 0-8213-6248-8 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-6247-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data has been applied for. Lyric from “Crumbs From Your Table” reprinted courtesy of Universal Music Publishing B.V. Photograph of Bono courtesy of U2 Ltd/Andrew Macpherson All other photos: LENSMEN/SKP & ASSOCIATES Contents Foreword James D. Wolfensohn ix Greetings Bono xiii Preface Development and Human Dignity xv Lord George Carey and Archbishop Diarmuid Martin Preamble From Lambeth to Dublin: Seeking Global Balance xxi Millennium Development Goals xxvi Opening Remarks Diversity, Compassion, and Social Harmony 1 His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew 1. The Many Dimensions of Equity 5 2. Tsunami Realities, Aftermath, and Lessons 21 3. HIV/AIDS: Morality, Ethics, and Practical Paths 37 4. Voiceless Majorities: Women and Youth 61 5. Roots of Conflict, Branches of Peace 89 The Path 107 Akbar Ahmed 6. The Way Forward 109 v vi • Contents Participants in the Dublin Meeting 11 7 Acknowledgments 141 Abbreviations and Acronyms 143 Selected Bibliography 145 BOXES 1.1 Irish History as a Metaphor 9 1.2 Reflection on Equity in Jewish Law 13 1.3 “The People in the Middle”: Thoughts on Equity in Islamic Tradition 14 1.4 Baha’i Tradition: Fairness and Equity 17 1.5 Some Reflection on Christian Perspectives of Equity 18 2.1 God’s Mercy in the Aftermath of the Tsunami 25 3.1 Letter to HIV/AIDS Children in Africa 47 4.1 Front Yards and Back Yards of Development 64 5.1 Handling Conflict with Compassion and Wisdom 99 5.2 Role of Prophets 101 6.1 Some Closing Thoughts 112 TABLES 4.1 Indicators of Gender Development 84 4.2 Enrollment Levels across Regimes, 2001, UNESCO 86 Saint Patrick’s Hall, Dublin Castle James D. Wolfensohn President The World Bank, 1995–2005 Foreword James D. Wolfensohn President, World Bank or the past seven years, together with former Archbishop of Canter- Fbury, now Lord George Carey, I have been privileged to travel a fas- cinating path aimed at building and strengthening dialogue between the worlds of faith and development. We have explored a wide array of issues related to poverty alleviation, social services and social justice, global security, and other facets of the global changes that affect us all today. Beginning in Lambeth Palace in 1998, with the first meeting of world faith and development leaders convened by George Carey and me, a meeting which had the notable support of His Highness the Aga Khan, and continuing to the present, when Archbishop Diarmuid Martin helped bring together these leaders, it has been a remarkable journey. This work has attracted a growing number of patrons, participants, and advocates, and has evolved into a worldwide network—unlike any other—of leaders from major world faith traditions and major financial and development organizations. Since the Lambeth meeting, this group has gathered three times: in Washington, D.C., in 1999; in Canterbury, England, in 2002; and, most recently, in Dublin, Ireland, early in 2005. Between these historic meetings, the work of the partnership has been pursued by a modest organization, the World Faiths Development Dia- logue (WFDD). Together with efforts from the World Bank, we have worked to foster engagement between development institutions and faith leaders and communities. The WFDD engaged, for instance, with the Bank during the preparation of the World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty, gathering inputs from more than 200 people around the ix x • Foreword world, and bringing important faith perspectives to the WDR. Within the World Bank, we have worked to forge strategic partnerships with key inter- faith and faith organizations. Among those, two have been especially prominent. First is a dialogue, now some two years old, among the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Council of Churches aimed at airing differences and finding common ground in approaches to fighting poverty. Second is a growing partnership with the Community of Sant’Egidio, an impressive Catholic lay organization that works in a variety of countries in a host of development areas, including an HIV/AIDS treatment program in Mozambique. I feel deeply the importance of the partnership between faith and development for many reasons. It has helped me—and, I believe, the World Bank—to view many of the critical development issues that we confront on a daily basis from a different and enriched perspective. The world of faith leaders and communities brings keen insight into the daily lives of poor people: faith leaders are often the most trusted people in their communities, in many cases providing social services, not only to the people who espouse their same beliefs but also to the community as a whole. Faith leaders have longstanding and consistent on-the-ground experience, often working steadfastly despite extreme conditions. They thus have a deep and complex perspective to offer. In many cases, they can help bring the voices of the poor to the table in powerful ways. Listening and learn- ing from faith communities throughout the world has helped me—and has great potential to help the World Bank as a whole—appreciate that material development must be complemented by other less-tangible aspects of development: community cohesion, choice and opportunity to reach one’s potential, and core values that define the moral and spiritual underpinnings of individual and community welfare. Truly translating the mission of the World Bank—to help bring about a world free of poverty— into successful and sustainable improvements in people’s lives requires taking these aspects into account. During the past few years, the world has been rocked by a series of tumultuous events. We continue to see and feel the repercussions of the tragedy of September 11, 2001. Since that time, many other countries have suffered other attacks of terrorism that were designed to divide and de- stabilize our world. Natural disasters—from floods in Central America, to Foreword • xi earthquakes in Iran, to the recent dreadful tsunami in Asia—have caused havoc, destruction, and death in affected communities. The combination of these events underscores the challenge to all of us to confront global poverty, inequity, and mounting social tensions as primordial threats to global security. It is my strong conviction that the partnership among faith leaders and organizations, governments, and development organizations is vital to the efforts to address the challenges confronting today’s world. Quite sim- ply, we share similar missions and motivations, and our work will be much more effective if we collaborate. We know that, in many countries throughout Africa, faith-based organizations represent perhaps half of the health and education services; in the more remote areas that may have been isolated by civil conflict, faith-based organizations are often the only source of health and education. The faith contribution across a wide span of HIV/AIDS interventions in Africa is undeniable. Whereas the efforts of faith communities have long been acknowledged in Latin America, other parts of the world also have dynamic and evolving relationships with faith communities that provide social services. There is much to explore in these areas. There is, I believe, room for partnership on the ground and certainly much to learn from each other. Faith communities are critical partners if we, in the international community and the development community in particular, are to succeed in reaching the Millennium Develop- ment Goals. Like many international financial institutions, the World Bank has been rather slow to recognize and pay tribute to religious and faith leaders and communities who work on development. This approach has begun to change, although it has proved challenging to develop appro- priate and durable institutional approaches within the World Bank itself.

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