Rathaus, Tiessen & Arma Sonatas for Violin and Piano

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Rathaus, Tiessen & Arma Sonatas for Violin and Piano RATHAUS, TIESSEN & ARMA SONATAS FOR VIOLIN AND PIANO JUDITH INGOLFSSON, VIOLIN | VLADIMIR STOUPEL, PIANO RATHAUS, TIESSEN & ARMA SONATAS FOR VIOLIN AND PIANO KAROL RATHAUS (1895–1954) SONATA FOR VIOLIN AND PIANO, OP. 14 (1925) [01] I. Andantino ......................................09:40 [02] II. Intermezzo. Andante ............................. 06:13 [03] III. Rondo. Allegro ma non troppo ..................... 08:41 HEINZ TIESSEN (1887–1971) DUO-SONATA, OP. 35 (1925)* [04] I. Präludium. Allegro non troppo ...................... 01:48 [05] II. Andante quasi adagio .............................06:16 [06] III. Finale. Allegro molto vivace .......................07:48 2 RATHAUS, TIESSEN & ARMA SONATAS FOR VIOLIN AND PIANO PAUL ARMA (1905–1987) SONATA FOR VIOLIN AND PIANO (1949)* [07] I. Lento .......................................... 15:59 [08] II. Interlude. Sostenuto rubato ........................03:02 [09] III. Allegro .......................................08:36 [10] IV. Postlude. Sostenuto rubato ........................ 02:55 * WORLD PREMIERE RECORDING JUDITH INGOLFSSON, VIOLIN VLADIMIR STOUPEL, PIANO TOTAL 71:04 3 RATHAUS, TIESSEN & ARMA RATHAUS Es war Schrenk, dem Rathaus seine Sona- te für Violine und Klavier Nr. 1 op. 14 widmete. eboren in Tarnopol (damals Öster- Komponiert 1925, wurde sie gemäß sei- Greich-Ungarn) in einer polnisch-jüdi- nem Verlagsvertrag von der Universal Edition schen Familie, begann Karol Rathaus schon veröffentlicht. Die Uraufführung der Sonate früh zu komponieren. An der Akademie für fand im März 1926 in Berlin mit dem Kompo- Darstellende Kunst und Musik Wien nahm nisten am Klavier und seinem Freund Stefan er 1913 sein Studium auf, das jäh durch den Frenkel an der Violine statt. In diesem farben- Ersten Weltkrieg unterbrochen wurde: Vier freudigen und phantasievollen Stück kombi- Jahre lang musste er in der österreichischen niert Rathaus die Innigkeit der Kammermusik Armee dienen. Als einer der Lieblingsschüler mit der Intensität seines improvisatorischen, Franz Schrekers folgte er seinem Lehrer nach rhapsodischen und deklamatorischen Stils. Im Berlin an die Hochschule für Musik, wo er mit zweiten Satz hüllt sich der deutsche Expressi- seiner Sonate für Klavier c-Moll op. 2 (1920) onismus der 1920er Jahre in Wiener Eleganz, glänzend die Aufnahmeprüfung bestand. Die während der Schlusssatz rhythmische Vitalität Universal Edition Wien veröffentlichte die und kantige Melodien betont. Walter Schrenk Sonate und nahm den jungen Komponisten starb 1932 bei einem Autounfall auf dem Weg gleich für zehn Jahre unter Vertrag. Damit be- nach Hause nach der ersten Aufführung der gann der geradezu kometenhafte Aufstieg von Originalfassung von Modest Mussorgskis Karol Rathaus, der von bedeutenden deut- Boris Godunow im Berliner Funkhaus. Einer schen Musikkritikern als „die größte Hoff- Gedenkbroschüre zufolge nahmen Karol Rat- nung der Neuen Musik“ (Walter Schrenk) haus und Heinz Tiessen an seinem Begräbnis gefeiert wurde. teil. 4 Aufgrund der zunehmend gefährlichen Gründungsmitglied der Gesellschaft für Neue politischen Lage entschied sich Rathaus 1932 Musik. Er war eine der führenden musikali- Deutschland zu verlassen. Er ging für zwei schen Persönlichkeiten seiner Zeit, und seine Jahre nach Paris, danach für vier Jahre nach einflussreichen und bahnbrechenden Kom- London und schließlich 1938 in die USA, wo positionen wurden von namhaften Künstlern er von 1940 bis zu seinem Tode 1954 Profes- wie z.B. dem Dirigenten Wilhelm Furtwäng- sor für Komposition am Queens College in ler, dem Pianisten Eduard Erdmann oder dem New York war. Seine Kompositionstätigkeit Geiger Georg Kulenkampff aufgeführt. 1925 ging unermüdlich weiter. Er hinterließ einen wurde er Professor für Komposition an der großen kompositorischen Schatz, der heute Staatlichen Akademischen Hochschule für in Archiven des Queens College aufbewahrt Musik, wo Eduard Erdmann und Sergiu Celi- wird. bidache seine bemerkenswertesten Studenten waren. Sein Werk reflektiert die Entwicklung der deutschen Musik von der Jahrhundert- TIESSEN wende bis zum Expressionismus der Zeit zwischen den Weltkriegen. Die Duo-Sonate 887 in Königsberg geboren, studierte für Violine und Klavier op. 35, komponiert 1Heinz Tiessen Rechtswissenschaften und 1925, stellt Berlins Hemmungslosigkeit und später Philosophie parallel zu seinem Musik- Überschwang während der 20er Jahre zur studium am Stern‘schen Konservatorium in Schau. Gewidmet wurde das Werk der deut- Berlin, wo 1913 und 1914 seine ersten beiden schen Geigerin Lilli Bohnke (geborene von Symphonien uraufgeführt wurden. In den ers- Mendelssohn), die zusammen mit ihrem ten Jahren seiner Karriere arbeitete er auch Ehemann, dem Komponisten Emil Bohnke, als Kritiker und Dirigent. Tiessen beteiligte 1928 bei einem Verkehrsunfall ums Leben sich an der Novembergruppe und war 1922 kam. Die Sonate zeigt den Gebrauch freier 5 Tonalität, linearer Polyphonie, ausdrucksvoll fen sei“ (Heinz Tiessen in „Selbstzeugnis des überzeichneter Melodien und manchmal Künstlers“, Musica 1948). asymmetrischer Rhythmen. In Tiessens sehr eigener Lesart des Expressionismus – er war einer der ersten, die diesen Begriff auf Musik anwendeten – beginnt das Werk mit einem ARMA kurzen hochdramatischen Satz in freier Form. Der ergreifende zweite Satz zeigt, trotz seiner aul Arma, als Imre Weisshaus 1904 in experimentellen Haltung, dass Tiessen die To- PBudapest geboren, studierte bei Béla nalität nie aufgab. Die anrührenden lyrischen Bartók an der Franz Liszt Musikakademie in Episoden im rhythmisch mitreißenden, tech- Budapest und bereiste ab 1925 als Pianist und nisch anspruchsvollen und strukturell gerade- Mitglied des Budapester Klaviertrios Europa zu opulenten Schlusssatz verdeutlichen den und die USA, wo er auch Kurse über zeitge- starken Einfluss von Richard Strauss. nössische Musik an amerikanischen Universi- „Zur Atonalität (grundsätzliche harmo- täten abhielt. nische Beziehungslosigkeit) blieb ich trotz Obwohl er sich der politischen Lage in klanglicher Annäherungen im Gegensatz; Europa bewusst war, gab er freiwillig seine auch die entlegensten Zusammenklänge und glänzende Karriere als Pianist in den USA ihre Verkettungen schienen mir aus der ka- auf, um von 1930 bis 1933 in Deutschland als denzierenden Logik als graduelle Erweiterung Dirigent und Chorleiter in Berlin, Dessau und entwickelbar zu bleiben und gruppierbar um Leipzig mit Bertolt Brecht, Helene Weigel, eine Tonika: Ausbalancierung von Spannung Ernst Busch und Hanns Eisler zu arbeiten. Er und Entspannung ist mir Urgesetz und zeitlos wurde als Jude von der Gestapo einer Schein- gültig im Wandel der Erscheinungsformen, hinrichtung unterzogen, seine Manuskripte wie eng oder weit die Spannungsskala eines wurden verbrannt. 1933 gelang ihm die Flucht Stiles oder eines Komponisten auch beschaf- 6 nach Frankreich, wo er den Namen Paul Arma tert: „Der Ungar Paul Arma ist ein Künstler, annahm. der vom Innenleben belebt ist, zu einem gro- Seine Sonate für Violine und Klavier, 1949 ßen lyrischen Atemzug fähig ist und dessen in Frankreich geschrieben, gleicht einer Bal- kräftiges Temperament sich vor allem in der lade mit ausgeprägten improvisatorischen Suche nach Rhythmen ausdrückt. Was die Elementen. Der Komponist, der auch ein Form betrifft, scheint es eine reine und einfa- begnadeter Pianist war, hat diese Sonate zwar che Improvisation zu sein“, schrieb das Journal einige Male mit verschiedenen Geigern in den de Genève. 1950er Jahren aufgeführt, aber nie veröffent- Die Sonate erscheint in der vorliegenden licht. In seinen Erinnerungen notiert er: „Im Aufnahme zum ersten Mal auf CD; die den April 1951 spiele ich die Uraufführung meiner Künstlern zur Verfügung gestellten Noten Sonate mit dem ungarischen Geiger Thomas stammen aus Familienbesitz. Magyar in der École Normale de Musique. Später werde ich die Sonate sehr oft während Duo Ingolfsson-Stoupel meiner Auslandstourneen aufführen, mit ver- schiedenen exzellenten Geigern“. So gesche- hen 1954 in Amsterdam mit Gabrielle Len- gyel oder 1956 in der Schweiz mit Françoise Siegfried. Die Sonate, die musikalisch und tech- nisch sehr anspruchsvoll ist, forderte den Schweizer Komponisten Robert Oboussier, der sie in Bern hörte, zu der Bemerkung her- aus, dass „es sich nicht lohnt, Terzen für eine Violine zu schrei­­ben, da sie viel zu schweraus- zuführen sind!“ Die Presse war aber begeis- 7 8 RATHAUS, TIESSEN & ARMA RATHAUS It was to Schrenk that Rathaus dedicated his Sonata for violin and piano No. 1, Op. 14. orn in Tarnopol (then Austria-Hungary ) Composed in 1925, it was issued by Universal B into a Polish-Jewish family, Karol Edition as per his publishing contract. The so- Rathaus began composing at an early age. His nata’s premiere took place in Berlin in March studies at the Vienna Academy of Perform- 1926, with the composer at the piano and his ing Arts and Music, which he began in 1913, friend Stefan Frenkel on violin. In this color- were abruptly interrupted by the First World ful and imaginative work, Rathaus combines War. He was compelled to serve in the Aus- the intimacy of chamber music with the in- trian army for four years. As one of Franz tensity of his improvisational, rhapsodic, and Schreker’s favorite students, he followed his declamatory style. In the second movement, teacher to Berlin to the University of Music, German expressionism of the 1920s is im- where he passed the entrance examination mersed in Viennese elegance, while the final with flying colors, performing his Sonata for movement stresses rhythmic vitality and an- Piano
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