Kodak Graphic Arts Industry Manpower Study

DOCUMENT RESUME ED 080 764 VT 021, 182 TITLE Complete Report: Kodak Graphic Arts Industry Manpower Study.. INSTITUTION Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y.. REPORT NO ED10-17T PUB DATE 73 NOTE 307p..- AVAILABLE FROMEastman Kodak Company, 343 State Street, Rochester, New York 14650 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 BC Not Available from EDRS.. DESCRIPTORS Educational Needs; Employment Opportunities; *Employment ProjectiOns; *Graphic Arts; Labor Supply; *Manpower Needs; *Printing; Questionnaires; *Reprography;_purveys ABSTRACT This repott ii:belieVed to be the first nationwide attempt in more than three centuries bf printing in America .graphic arts manpoWer needs..The-objectives-of:this study_ were-t<. determine the-current status' of -industry manpower-and_ to predict manpower needs for the 1970ts..To _Carry out theSe objectives two Uestionnaires Were-developed, a pletiOnnelinventory of printing companies thrOUghOUt the United States -anda survey of organizations =manufacturing equipment -for the _printins industry...Data are presented on =-the background for=the study, major_ indUttry-claSsificatiOns, IWinting-productiOn processeS,Acilledvertonnel,- sales/management personnel,wages-, and-Minority:and Special group employment. _Eleven recomiendatios for education and training were-drawn ftOm the study, including increased emphasison- developing student interest in the graphic-arts industry and in prepating-_StUdentS fOr prodUotion and Managerialopportunities_inthe indUstty of the 1-97-0_' -s.. Some specific instructional recommendations for-0.'041.°EO programsare made...A summary survey of graphic arts techhology prepare& for this study by _the-Graphic Arts Research Center Orthe Rochester Institute of Technology constitutes almost half of the document..This summary Survey was based on a literature search and provides occupational information and a forecast of graphic arts technology._(M1) U.S . DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION &WELFARE F NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CATION POSITION OR POLICY COMPLETE_ REPORT KODAK- GRAPHIC -ARTS INDUSTRY MANPOWER STUDY -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL BY mom FICHE ONLY HAS BEEN GRANTED BY EASTMAM 16bAt OD: TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERAT ING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE NA TIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION FURTHER REPRODUCTION -OUTSIDE @Eastman Kodak Company, 1973 THE ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRES PERMIS SION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER," Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, New York' 14650 Complete RepOrt -- Kodak Graphic Arts 3-73 B Industry Manpower Study Kodak Publication No. ED10-17T -, Printedin the U.S.A. FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE CO -,...mmisouPowwmwimmWNUWM0UWW.UAUp4 June 25, 1973 ERIC U. S. Office of Education 400 Maryland Avenue, S.W. Washington, D. C. 20202 Gentlemen: Enclosed is a copy of the "Complete Report:Kodak Graphic Arts Industry Vanpower'Study," which I propose be entered in your microfiche system This report, sponsored by Eastman Kodak Company, isbelieved to-be the first nationwideattempt to define graphic arts manpower needs in more than three centuries Of printing in America. It provides a bench mark which educators may use in planning curricula to meet these needs. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the current status of industry manpower and (2) to predict manpower needs for the70's. To carry out these objectives two questionnaireswere developed: .a personnel inventory of printing companiesan throughout the United States and a survey of organizations manufacturing equipment for the printing industry. Twenty graphic communications industry organizations supported this study on a national basis by providing assistance in suggestingstudy procedures, constructing survey forms, and mailing survey instruments to members of the industry. The third element of the study is the Summary Survey of Graphic Arts Technology conducted by the GraphicArts-. research Center at the Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, NewYork. This summary survey (Appendix V of the report) is based on asearch of current graphic arts literature, and provides aforecast of graphic arts technology. Coordinator of the entire' tudy was Dr. C. Eugene Strandberg,-associate. professor at Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois. Other members of the study team were Dr. J. Page Crouch, associate professor at Clemson University; Dr. Ervin A. Dennis, professor atthe University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin; Dr. David Morrill, assistant professor at the University of Maine at Portland-Gorham; Dr. Z. A. Prust, professor at Arizona State University; Mr. Selah Bond, Jr., director of Editorial Publication at the Graphic Arts Research Center of the Rochester Institute of Technology; and Mr. William F. Flack, EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 343 STATE STREET ROCHESTER. NEW YORK 14650 716 325-2000 '4IC--2 June 25, 1973 coordinator of personnel development, Professional and Finishing Markets Division, Eastman Idak Company. This study team worked on the project for approximately two years. In my opinion, this unique study of manpower needs in thegraphic arts industry, with the recommendations for education that are included, deserves Inclusion in the ERIC system. Please let me know whether it is acceptable, and whether you need any more copies of the Report. Very truly yours, 0/Y Frances J. Sullivan,-Copy Coordinator Graphics Markets Division FJS:pak Enc. cc: Dr. C. E. Strandberg COMPLETE REPORT KODAK GRAPHIC ARTS INDUSTRY MANPOWER STUDY TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. INTRODUCTION 4 BACKGROUND FOR THE MANPOWER STUDY 6 Objectives-Of the Study -6 Organization of the Study 7 The Manpower Study Project Staff The Technological Forecast Staff -13 Project Liaison Director 14 Cooperating Organizations 14 SUMMARY OF THE KODAK GRAPHIC ARTS INDUSTRY MANPOWER STUDY 15 Major Inferences Drawn from the Study 16 Major Industry Classifications 18 Printing Production Processes 22 Skilled Occupation Personnel 26 Sales/Management Personnel 31 The Wage Factor 34 Minority and Special Group Employment 34 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EDUCATION 35 APPENDICES I. Survey Form -- Kodak Graphic Arts Industry Manpower Study 39 II. Data -- Kodak Graphic Arts Industry Manpower Study 43 III. Survey Form -- Manufacturer Survey 133 IV. Data -- Manufacturer Survey 137 V. '!Summary Survey of GraphiC Arts Technology 1971" 177 COMPLETE REPORT KODAK GRAPHIC ARTS INDUSTRY MANPOWER STUDY 1 INTRODUCTION The massive Graphic Arts Industry Manpower Study sponsored by Eastman Kodak Company is believed to be the first nationwide attempt by any _oxganization to meet a need that has been unfulfilled in more than three centuries of-printing in America. There was a need for a bench mark from which the graphic arts-industry could define its manpower needs for at leaSt a decade -- and which educators could use in planning curricula to meet those needs. Some studies of the graphic arts industry have been done on a statewide and regional basis, while others have attempted to cover a single facet of the industry nationally. Research, howeyer, has failed to disclose any prior effort to obtain a comprehensive picture of industry needs nationwide. One major result of this lack of information has been the inability of educators to pl.an courses that not only meet the present needs of the graphic arts industry, but also adequately prepare their students to cope with the accelerating changes in technology. The :teed for a comprehensive study of the graphic arts industry was stated most succinctly_by Dr. Jack Simich, Education Director of the Graphic Arts Technical Foundation: "There are many kinds of education programs being conducted throughout the United States.' Graphic communications, graphic arts, visual communications, and printing are being taught 5 in industrial arts, vocational education, technical education, fine arts, and journalism. It is being taught in junior high school,'senior high school, junior/community colleges; and college or university. To date, there has been no attempt made at the national level to ascertain what constitutes a good program in terms of meeting industry needs, or even what those needs are at thenational level." The challenge to fill this need was answered byEastman Kodak Company in 1971, when-it7asked five noted graphic arts educators with extensive backgrounds in the field to conduct its landmark study. They were-asked to provide a description of the current manpower force, aswell as to identify trends in manpower growth according to the-kinds of personnel that will_be needed, the knowledge and skills they will require,and the backgrounds that will qualify them to meet the needs of the graphic arts industry. The Kodak Graphic Arts Industry Manpower Study is expected to serve as a tool that the industry can use in determiningits present and future manpower needs. In addition, as schools in most states are requiredby law to have representatives of industry serving on theirvocational education advisory boards, the study is designed to provide aguide to both graphic arts industry leaders and educators indetermining the kinds of curricula needed to educate students to qualify for jobsin their chosen trade. 6 BACKGROUND FOR THE MANPOWER STUDY Almost a year of meticulous planning that involved all segments of the printing industry went into the design of a survey format and the con- struction of the two confidential questionnaires that were used in

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