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La mutagenesis de las escritoras chilenas a principios del siglo XX Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Aburto Guzman, Claudia Paz Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 00:04:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282856 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. 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Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Aibor Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 LA MUTAGENESIS DE LAS ESCRITORAS CHILENAS A PRINCIPIOS DEL SIGLO XX by Claudia Paz Aburto Guzman Copyright © Claudia Paz Aburto Guzmdn A Dissertation Submitted to the faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE In Partial FuMUment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN SPANISH In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1998 DMI Niunber: 9923140 Copyright 1999 by Aburto Guzman, Claudia Paz All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9923140 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ® GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Conunittee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Claudia Paz AburLo Guzman entitled La Mulagenensis de las EscriLoras Chilenas a Principios del Siglo XX and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy /^//8/9S' Date r\/V-s Date Ml) — 1^/)X /Q-^^ Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Disse'rtation Di^^ectors Date' STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted copyright holder. SIGNED: 4 Acknowledgements I want to thank my directors, Dr. Eliana S. Rivero and Dr. Amy Williamsen for their guidance, critique, patience, encouragement and their unrelenting belief in me. Dr. Malcom Allan Compitello and Dr. Lydia Fossa for their challenging feedback. Dr. Jose Promis for being the first to ignite my curiosity in the subject matter. Dr. Arminda Fuentevilla for her ever timely support. Lourdes Hasson for her never failing humor and firiendship. And, Dr. Olga Carranza for knowing how to listen. A special thanks goes to my classmates: Guadalupe Cortina, Carola Ibanez- Murphy, Cynthia "Rikki" Palmer, Leah Fonder-Solano, Hector Contreras-Lopez, Oscar Robles, and Alvaro Ayo, for sharing the process with me. A special recognition goes to the women in the office of the Department of Spanish and Portuguese for keeping track of my paper trail: Marie, Lorenia, Mary, Ivette, Mercy, Isela. Thank you all. Also, Greg C. Struve of Bates College for his assistance in the "computerized" version of the diagrams. And, thanks to my friends at the Siddha Yoga Meditation Center for the shared laughter, tears, roaring music, and peaceful meditations. 5 Dedication Para: mi mama, Auristela Guzman Malone mi hermano, Pedro Salvador Ruiz Guzman mi iiermana, Paula Teresa Zaragoza Aburto Gracias por acompanarme en esta vida. Para: mi maestra de meditacion Aldianda-mandalaicaram vyaptam yena caracaram, Tatpadam darsitam yena tasmai srigurave namah 6 fNDICE CAPITULO UNO: Introduccion 11 Releyendo la cntica 17 Nombrando nuestros parametros 28 Reencontrando el feminismo 48 Plan de analisis 65 CAPITULO DOS: La ubicacion, concientizacion y fragmentacion de las patricias chilenas a principios del siglo XX 67 Explicacion del diagrama 1 71 El sujeto femenino y la coyuntura historica 76 Conclusion 118 CAPITULO TRES: Wilfirida Buxton (1887 - ?) Viditasa9in 122 La escritora frente a la cntica 122 Texto y analisis 132 Las mujeres pobres y/o solas 147 Los ninos pobres y/o abandonados 161 Los "araucanos" como pueblo 170 Conclusion 185 CAPITULO CUATRO: Clarisa Polanco de Hoffman ((188? - ?) Hoias al viento Cign") 187 La escritora frente a la critica 187 Texto y analisis 199 La construccion de la mujer virtuosa 202 La funcion de lo religiose y el discurso eclesiastico 229 La nostalgia como tecnica narrativa 253 Conclusion 262 CAPITULO CINCO: Ines Echevem'a de Larram (1869 - 1949) La hora de Oueda (1918") 264 La escritora frente a la critica 264 Texto y analisis 281 Analisis del relate Hora de queda 283 Analisis del relato Bautismo de sangre 305 Conclusion 316 7 fNDICE - Continuaci6n CAPfTULO SEIS: Conclusion 317 Para recapitular 317 Conclusion 334 REFERENCES 336 8 LISTA DE DIAGRAMAS Diagrama 1: Zonas de contacto a principios de siglo en Chile 70 Diagrama 1: Zonas de contacto a principios de siglo en Chile 320 Diagrama 2: Sub-zonas o capas de integracion 324 9 ABSTRACT In Chile during the first twenty years of the XX century, multiple djmamics of social, political, and economical nature affect the various subjects' cultural products, and their relationship to the concept of nation. I discuss three collections of stories published by Wilfrida Buxton (Viditas. 1911), Clarisa Polanco de Hoffinan (Hoias al viento. 1917) and Ines Echevern'a de Larraih ("La hora de Oueda. 1918). These were women whose different politics of representation demonstrate an appropriation of the written word as a means for gender representation, and an increasing awareness of class and gender power relations. I adopt a cultural studies approach to pose a re-reading of this historical juncture as one of contact zones. Here the female subjects are forced to re-position themselves in relation to modernity, and the fi-agmentary effect it has on previously fixed-gender and class constructions. I expand the concept of contact zones by highlighting that these encompass a process of integration which can be delineated by the nature of the texts produced within these spaces. I study each text in light of the authors' politics of representation and its placement in the process of integration. Wilfrida Buxton's stories belong in the first sub-zone. The text represents a group of subjects marginalized due to a prediscursive notion of an individual's valid contribution to the construction of nation. Polanco de Hoffman's, on the other hand, demonstrates a lack of class consciousness coupled with an acute 10 awareness of women's unequal representation under the law. Her pro-divorce argument places her in the second sub-zone where texts may propose alternatives to deficient social structures. Echevern'a de Larram's text straddles the second and third sub-zone by displacing the traditional notion of "woman". Her representation of multiple female subjectivities underline this writer's sensitivity to class and gender relations. Her text re defines gender relations, as well as provides an alternative female subject who is free of the tensions of gender relations. With the study of these texts and the process of integration, I aim to contribute to the understanding of women's participation in the relationship between text, subject and nation. 11 CAPITULO UNO Introduccion ...se sabe que en la distribucion historica de afectos, funciones y facultades...toc6 a la mujer dolor y pasion contra razon, concreto contra abstracto, adentro contra mundo, reproduccion contra produccion; leer estos atributos en el lenguaje y la literatura de las mujeres es meramente leer lo que primero ftie y sigue siendo inscripto en su espacio social. -Josefina Ludmer Chile hoy transcurre por un momento de apogeo cultural y por ende de auto-cn'tica que es el resultado de una apertura tanto politica como econdmica. Dicha apertura responde a un relajamiento (aunque no una total desaparicion) de dinamicas restringidoras que forzosamente delimitaron las expresiones de muchos, fundiendo los silencios y los temores en una expresion dominante que demostrara cierta complicidad con las fuerzas en el poder durante los anos setenta y ochenta.