Caesar's War Least Two Roman Fortresses at the Start of Their Player Turn, Or by Preventing a Roman Win by the End of Turn Fourteen

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Caesar's War Least Two Roman Fortresses at the Start of Their Player Turn, Or by Preventing a Roman Win by the End of Turn Fourteen Caesar's War least two Roman fortresses at the start of their player turn, or by preventing a Roman win by the end of turn fourteen. Turn One 58 BC I The Campaign Card selected is: Recruits. The Romans recruit three legions in Cisalpine Gaul. Then Titus Labienus begins a campaign against the Helvetii, marching through Allobroges to Helvetia. A battle ensues and the Helvetii are defeated. Rome also loses a legion. The Gallic Player’s first card is Helvetians Migrate. Because of the Roman victory at Helvetia, there is no place to take the recruits and no Helvetian units to move. This is not a good start for the Gallic side. Turn Two 58 BC II The Romans begin with a supply crisis. Labienus’ Army is over-stacked in Helvetia. One unit is lost to attrition. (To be supplied units must be in or adjacent to a friendly fortress or camp. Up to two units can forage, but larger stacks have to check for attrition.) The campaign card selection is: Siege. This can be a good card because is allows enemy units in fortified areas to panic. Unfortunately, the Romans are within range of only one such area, Gergovia. Labienus continues to perform all of Caesar’s dirty work. Two legions are left behind in Helvetia, while the Roman army opens a campaign against Gergovia. The Romans seize the initiative and wipe out the garrison and capture Gergovia. At this point, the Romans have two of the four fortified areas needed for victory. The Gallic player selects the Germans by E.R. Bickford AAR of Caesar's War: Invade event. This allows the Germanic The Conquest of Gaul, 58-52 BC warband to rise in the German areas Production: with two movement points. One Lise’ Patterson This game is played in 14 turns, which thought is to attack Helvetia, but represent 6 months each beginning this is across the Rhenus River. The © 2012 Decision Games with the year 58 BC. The Roman units implications are that if forced to represent legions and auxiliaries, while retreat, the unit would be destroyed. Bakersfield, CA. the forces of Gaul consist of warbands Nonetheless, the Germanic warband from the various tribes. The Romans is raised in Suebi. The warband need to have captured at least four does cross the Rhenus,but it moves Barbarian Oppida (fortified settle- to Vessantio. Since it has crossed ments) at the start of any game turn to the river, it must stop there. win. The Gauls win by controlling at | AFTER ACTION REPORT | A1 Mini Series: Turn Three 57 BC I Labienus’ army is out of supply at Gergovia. The over-stacked units roll for supply and pass. Then the Roman player selects a card. It is Unrest in the Roman Ranks. This causes a check for defections and then a re-shuffle of the card deck. This time, none of the units defect, but the card has no recruit ability and the movement allowance is negligible. This still represents a prob- lem in the Roman ranks, even though no units were lost. The Roman player decides to remain static, with the low movement allowances this turn. The Barbarian card is: Venetii Raiders. This is also a weak card. The Barbarian player raises the Celtae Fleet. The Celtae tribes also have a movement of one, but their only warband is in Alesia, where it remains. The fleet is deployed in the port at Venetii. A2 | AFTER ACTION REPORT | Caesar's War Turn Four 57 BC II The Roman deck is reshuffled. Labienus’ Army at Gergovia is out of supply, so the first order of business is to roll for attrition. This time, the VII Legion is removed for lack of supply. Next, the campaign card selected is: Titus Pullo et Lucius Vorenus. This represents two Roman centurions who rose to notable distinction and were mentioned by Julius Caesar. The Romans recruit one unit and decide to build a camp at Gergovia to support a siege against the Gallic tribes in Avaricum. This will also provide supply for the Roman forces there. Additionally, the Roman player will receive an extra combat die roll for each round this turn. Labienus launches an attack and siege against the Gallic bands at Avaricum. The Romans gain a +2 DRM for Labienus and the elite X Legion. This is | AFTER ACTION REPORT | A3 Mini Series: enough to shift battlefield superiority so the Gallic player would like to river effects for marching across the to them. The Gallic garrison panics counterattack. The Celts and the Belgae Rhenus River on this turn. The recruit (due to the Roman camp causing can bring a significant force to bear, point is used to rebuild the Roman X panic results count), leaving a Belgae but the card only allows the tribe that Legion. It is deployed with Labienus warband to fight. The Belgae are was recruited this turn to move. This at Gergovia (allowed by the camp excellent warriors and are rated with a is the Celtic tribe, which has three there). The Romans have to be careful 4 combat factor. This time they whiff fairly strong units available. The fateful because they are outnumbered in on the die roll. The remaining Roman decision is made and the three Celtic Gaul at this time. Therefore Labienus units also miss. The battle goes to a units converge on the Romans in lays low in Gergovia and Caesar second round. The Romans maintain Avaricum. The Romans win battlefield likewise stays out of harm’s way. battlefield superiority. Finally, the superiority, but the X Legion fails in Belgae warband panics and flees. its attack. Then the Roman Auxilium The Gallic player’s card is Avaricum falls to the Romans. Labienus is destroyed. The X Legion falls Vercingetorix. This is the primary will receive a hero’s welcome from apart, and Labienus flees in a panic Gallic leader. He is bad news for the Caesar. The Belgae run to Alesia. to Gergovia. Glory is so short-lived. Roman player. Vercingetorix is recruit- ed along with four warbands. This is a The Gallic player selects the Gallic Turn Five 56 BC I one event card, so it must be removed Tribe Rises card. This is a powerful from play after its use. The Gallic player recruit card and allows all of the The Romans avoid their former sup- could also discard it and select another, warbands of one of the major tribes ply problems. Since two units were reshuffling the deck. This time, it to join the coalition. The Celts are destroyed by the Celts last time, there seems like Vercingetorix has come selected as the central area seems is not much demand for supply. The on the scene at the perfect moment. to be the focal point of the Romans. campaign card selected is: Legions Two Celtic warbands arise in Liger. on the March. This card allows good One of the implications of this card Labienus is a little exposed in Avaricum maneuverability and it suspends the is that Vercingetorix is a supreme A4 | AFTER ACTION REPORT | Caesar's War leader, which allows two card choices There is no recruiting and the potential Turn Seven 55 BC I from the discard pile. A second is loss of troops on the map. Simulating that he provides an elite bonus to the the dysfunction, there is limited The Roman player decides to risk a battlefield advantage die roll. This is movement too. The Roman army in random draw. The Raid Britain card one of the better opportunities, but the Allobroges and Gergovia are deployed is selected. This is not too useful. A Gallic player must take pause and look with leaders so these are safe from the fleet is recruited but the Roman player at the entire situation. Certainly a blow deadly die rolls. Unfortunately, the XIV has no port so it isn’t happening. The against Labienus could be the death Legion in Helvetia breaks down. The movement allowance is also fairly knell for the Romans, but it might leave remaining legion still controls the area low. Labienus decides to risk another Vercingetorix’s army vulnerable. The and it is not immediately threatened. go at Avaricum. The Romans still fact remains that the Romans have have the camp at Gergovia which only two of the four Oppida needed to The Gallic player selects the Gallic facilitates the siege by allowing panic secure victory. With that, Vercingetorix Tribe Rises event. There are no results against the enemy units in the holds back and decides to fight a more qualified units to recruit. This is a fortress, and the Romans outnumber underground type of campaign. Since sign that the Gallic tribes are unlikely the Gallic tribes in this location. Vercingetorix is the only Gallic leader, to gain much more strength. Also, his loss would be a devastating blow with this card in the discard pile, The Romans roll tied dice on the to the coalition. The Aquitanii deploy the Gallic leader can select it in lieu battlefield advantage roll, but win at the coastal port of Burdigala. of new card later in the game. The due to the elite units (plus they win Belgae tribe is selected for movement on ties anyway). There are two Celtae Turn Six 56 BC II and the unit in Axona moves to warbands there and one panics in the Alesia, where it joins Vercingetorix. face of the Roman X Legion. The other Adding insult, the Romans choose an Celtae warband gets a kill against ugly card: Unrest in the Roman Ranks.
Recommended publications
  • 1 Gallo-Roman Relations Under the Early Empire by Ryan Walsh A
    Gallo-Roman Relations under the Early Empire By Ryan Walsh A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2013 © Ryan Walsh 2013 1 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This paper examines the changing attitudes of Gallo-Romans from the time of Caesar's conquest in the 50s BCE to the start of Vespasian's reign in 70-71 CE and how Roman prejudice shaped those attitudes. I first examine the conflicted opinions of the Gauls in Caesar's time and how they eventually banded together against him but were defeated. Next, the activities of each Julio-Claudian emperor are examined to see how they impacted Gaul and what the Gallo-Roman response was. Throughout this period there is clear evidence of increased Romanisation amongst the Gauls and the prominence of the region is obvious in imperial policy. This changes with Nero's reign where Vindex's rebellion against the emperor highlights the prejudices still effecting Roman attitudes. This only becomes worse in the rebellion of Civilis the next year. After these revolts, the Gallo-Romans appear to retreat from imperial offices and stick to local affairs, likely as a direct response to Rome's rejection of them.
    [Show full text]
  • The Late Republic in 5 Timelines (Teacher Guide and Notes)
    1 180 BC: lex Villia Annalis – a law regulating the minimum ages at which a individual could how political office at each stage of the cursus honorum (career path). This was a step to regularising a political career and enforcing limits. 146 BC: The fall of Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Greece effectively brought an end to Rome’s large overseas campaigns for control of the Mediterranean. This is the point that the historian Sallust sees as the beginning of the decline of the Republic, as Rome had no rivals to compete with and so turn inwards, corrupted by greed. 139 BC: lex Gabinia tabelleria– the first of several laws introduced by tribunes to ensure secret ballots for for voting within the assembliess (this one applied to elections of magistrates). 133 BC – the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus, who along with his younger brother, is seen as either a social reformer or a demagogue. He introduced an agrarian land that aimed to distribute Roman public land to the poorer elements within Roman society (although this act quite likely increased tensions between the Italian allies and Rome, because it was land on which the Italians lived that was be redistributed). He was killed in 132 BC by a band of senators led by the pontifex maximus (chief priest), because they saw have as a political threat, who was allegedly aiming at kingship. 2 123-121 BC – the younger brother of Tiberius Gracchus, Gaius Gracchus was tribune in 123 and 122 BC, passing a number of laws, which apparent to have aimed to address a number of socio-economic issues and inequalities.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Mountford, Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar's Campaigns
    Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar’s Campaigns in Gaul Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar’s Campaigns in Gaul PETER MOUNTFORD In 2012 an impressive museum was opened on the plain below the village of Alise-Ste- Reine (Alesia). A combined ticket for the museum and the Gallo-Roman site on the t the beginning of June 2016 I made a hilltop costs €11,50. The museum is obviously pilgrimage to Alesia, something that I a popular place for school groups to visit, as had wanted to do for many years. There there were several there at the time of our A visit. The circular museum is on two levels is nothing like a visit to the site of an ancient event for clarifying one’s understanding of that and has impressive views of the site of the event. The topography is so important. events of Alesia from its rooftop (pl.1). My wife and I were very lucky, as we had In the open space in the centre of the ground arrived in France at a time when record floor displays are put on of both Gallic and rainfall had led to severe flooding of the Roman fighting equipment and methods of Seine and other rivers. Thankfully the rain fighting (pl.2). stopped just before we reached Alesia and did not start again until after we left, although These are designed especially for students. it was overcast. Alesia can be easily accessed There is also a good bookshop, although from the motorway from Paris to Lyon. It is almost all books are in French.
    [Show full text]
  • Oratio Recta and Oratio Obliqua in Caesar's De Bello
    VOICES OF THE ENEMY: ORATIO RECTA AND ORATIO OBLIQUA IN CAESAR’S DE BELLO GALLICO by RANDY FIELDS (Under the Direction of James C. Anderson, jr.) ABSTRACT According to his contemporaries and critics, Julius Caesar was an eminent orator. Despite the lack of any extant orations written by Caesar, however, one may gain insight into Caesar’s rhetorical ability in his highly literary commentaries, especially the De Bello Gallico. Throughout this work, Caesar employs oratio obliqua (and less frequently oratio recta) to animate his characters and give them “voices.” Moreover, the individuals to whom he most frequently assigns such vivid speeches are his opponents. By endowing his adversaries in his Commentarii with the power of speech (with exquisite rhetorical form, no less), Caesar develops consistent characterizations throughout the work. Consequently, the portrait of self-assured, unification-minded Gauls emerges. Serving as foils to Caesar’s own character, these Gauls sharpen the contrast between themselves and Caesar and therefore serve to elevate Caesar’s status in the minds of his reader. INDEX WORDS: Caesar, rhetoric, oratory, De Bello Gallico, historiography, propaganda, opponent, oratio obliqua, oratio recta VOICES OF THE ENEMY: ORATIO RECTA AND ORATIO OBLIQUA IN CAESAR’S DE BELLO GALLICO by RANDY FIELDS B.S., Vanderbilt University, 1992 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2005 © 2005 Randy Fields All Rights Reserved VOICES OF THE ENEMY: ORATIO RECTA AND ORATIO OBLIQUA IN CAESAR’S DE BELLO GALLICO by RANDY FIELDS Major Professor: James C.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar of Roman Events
    Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A)
    The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A) David K. Faux The goal of the present work is to assemble widely scattered facts to accurately record the story of one of Europe’s most enigmatic people of the early historic era – the Cimbri. To meet this goal, the present study will trace the antecedents and descendants of the Cimbri, who reside or resided in the northern part of the Jutland Peninsula, in what is today known as the County of Himmerland, Denmark. It is likely that the name Cimbri came to represent the peoples of the Cimbric Peninsula and nearby islands, now called Jutland, Fyn and so on. Very early (3rd Century BC) Greek sources also make note of the Teutones, a tribe closely associated with the Cimbri, however their specific place of residence is not precisely located. It is not until the 1st Century AD that Roman commentators describe other tribes residing within this geographical area. At some point before 500 AD, there is no further mention of the Cimbri or Teutones in any source, and the Cimbric Cheronese (Peninsula) is then called Jutland. As we shall see, problems in accomplishing this task are somewhat daunting. For example, there are inconsistencies in datasources, and highly conflicting viewpoints expressed by those interpreting the data. These difficulties can be addressed by a careful sifting of diverse material that has come to light largely due to the storehouse of primary source information accessed by the power of the Internet. Historical, archaeological and genetic data will be integrated to lift the veil that has to date obscured the story of the Cimbri, or Cimbrian, peoples.
    [Show full text]
  • Celts Ancient and Modern: Recent Controversies in Celtic Studies
    Celts Ancient and Modern: Recent Controversies in Celtic Studies John R. Collis As often happens in conferences on Celtic Studies, I was the only contributor at Helsinki who was talking about archaeology and the Ancient Celts. This has been a controversial subject since the 1980s when archaeologists started to apply to the question of the Celts the changes of paradigm, which had impacted on archaeology since the 1960s and 1970s. This caused fundamental changes in the way in which we treat archaeological evidence, both the theoretical basis of what we are doing and the methodologies we use, and even affecting the sorts of sites we dig and what of the finds we consider important. Initially it was a conflict among archaeologists, but it has also spilt over into other aspects of Celtic Studies in what has been termed ‘Celtoscepticism’. In 2015–2016 the British Museum and the National Museum of Scotland put on exhibitions (Farley and Hunter 2015) based largely on these new approaches, raising again the conflicts from the 1990s between traditional Celticists, and those who are advocates of the new approaches (‘New Celticists’), but it also revived, especially in the popular press, misinformation about what the conflicts are all about. Celtoscepticism comes from a Welsh term celtisceptig invented by the poet and novelist Robin Llywelin, and translated into English and applied to Celtic Studies by Patrick Sims-Williams (1998); it is used for people who do not consider that the ancient people of Britain should be called Celts as they had never been so-called in the Ancient World.
    [Show full text]
  • Pompey and Cicero: an Alliance of Convenience
    POMPEY AND CICERO: AN ALLIANCE OF CONVENIENCE THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University-San Marcos in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of ARTS by Charles E. Williams Jr., B.A. San Marcos, Texas May 2013 POMPEY AND CICERO: AN ALLIANCE OF CONVENIENCE Committee Members Approved: ______________________________ Pierre Cagniart, Chair ______________________________ Kenneth Margerison ______________________________ Elizabeth Makowski Approved: ______________________________ J. Michael Willoughby Dean of the Graduate College COPYRIGHT by Charles E. Williams Jr. 2013 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94- 553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgment. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Charles E. Williams Jr., authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Above all I would like to thank my parents, Chuck and Kay Williams, for their continuing support, assistance, and encouragement. Their desire to see me succeed in my academic career is perhaps equal to my own. Thanks go as well to Dr Pierre Cagnart, without whom this work would not have been possible. His expertise in Roman politics and knowledge concerning the ancient sources were invaluable. I would also like to thank Dr. Kenneth Margerison and Dr. Elizabeth Makowski for critiquing this work and many other papers I have written as an undergraduate and graduate student.
    [Show full text]
  • ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons CUREJ - College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal College of Arts and Sciences 5-2011 ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72 Emerson T. Brooking University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/curej Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Comparative Politics Commons, Military History Commons, and the Other Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Brooking, Emerson T., "ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72" 01 May 2011. CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal, University of Pennsylvania, https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/145. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/145 For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROMA SURRECTA: Portrait of a Counterinsurgent Power, 216 BC - AD 72 Abstract This study evaluates the military history and practice of the Roman Empire in the context of contemporary counterinsurgency theory. It purports that the majority of Rome’s security challenges fulfill the criteria of insurgency, and that Rome’s responses demonstrate counterinsurgency proficiency. These assertions are proven by means of an extensive investigation of the grand strategic, military, and cultural aspects of the Roman state. Fourteen instances of likely insurgency are identified and examined, permitting the application of broad theoretical precepts
    [Show full text]
  • Julius Caesar
    Working Paper CEsA CSG 168/2018 ANCIENT ROMAN POLITICS – JULIUS CAESAR Maria SOUSA GALITO Abstract Julius Caesar (JC) survived two civil wars: first, leaded by Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius; and second by himself and Pompeius Magnus. Until he was stabbed to death, at a senate session, in the Ides of March of 44 BC. JC has always been loved or hated, since he was alive and throughout History. He was a war hero, as many others. He was a patrician, among many. He was a roman Dictator, but not the only one. So what did he do exactly to get all this attention? Why did he stand out so much from the crowd? What did he represent? JC was a front-runner of his time, not a modern leader of the XXI century; and there are things not accepted today that were considered courageous or even extraordinary achievements back then. This text tries to explain why it’s important to focus on the man; on his life achievements before becoming the most powerful man in Rome; and why he stood out from every other man. Keywords Caesar, Politics, Military, Religion, Assassination. Sumário Júlio César (JC) sobreviveu a duas guerras civis: primeiro, lideradas por Cornélio Sula e Caio Mário; e depois por ele e Pompeius Magnus. Até ser esfaqueado numa sessão do senado nos Idos de Março de 44 AC. JC foi sempre amado ou odiado, quando ainda era vivo e ao longo da História. Ele foi um herói de guerra, como outros. Ele era um patrício, entre muitos. Ele foi um ditador romano, mas não o único.
    [Show full text]
  • 4-7 100-1 B.C. Political History
    World History Chapter 4: 300-1 B.C. Section 7: 100-1 B.C. Political History By Dallin Hardy 1st Century B.C. 100-0 B.C. Rome 1st Century Rome Social War 91-88 B.C. Italian cities vs. Rome Sulla Roman General Marius Sulla Mithridatic Wars 88-63 B.C. Sulla’s March on Rome 88 B.C. First Mithridatic War 89-85 B.C. Marius’ March on Rome 87 B.C. Sulla’s Return 82 B.C. Second March on Rome Sulla 82-81 B.C. Dictator of Rome Proscription of Sulla 82 B.C. Third Servile War 73-71 B.C. Spartacus Led the slave revolt Marcus Licinius Crassus Roman general Gnaeus Pompey Roman general Crucifixion of Spartacus’ Army 71 B.C. Appian Way Suppression of Cilician Pirates 67 B.C. By Pompey Catiline Conspiracy 63 B.C. Cicero Roman statesman Defended Roman Republic Catiline Orations 63 B.C. By Cicero Battle of Pistoria 62 B.C. Roman Republic vs. Catiline Julius Caesar Roman politician & general First Triumvirate 60 B.C. Crassus Pompey Julius Caesar Gallic Wars 58-50 B.C. Rome vs. Gallic tribes Siege of Alesia 52 B.C. Vercingetorix Gallic chieftain Battle of Carrhae 53 B.C. Rome vs. Parthian Empire Dissolution of First Triumvirate 53 B.C. Crossing the Rubicon 49 B.C. Julius Caesar Caesar’s Civil War 49-45 B.C. Optimates vs. Populares Battle of Zela 47 B.C. Julius Caesar Veni, Vidi, Vici Battle of Pharsalus 48 B.C. Assassination of Pompey 48 B.C. Egypt Egypt Cleopatra 51-30 B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Julius Caesar's War Commentaries
    Julius Caesar, Gallic Wars1 the Atrebates and the Veromandui, their neighbors, were there awaiting Julius Caesar was a Roman politician. He was elected consul in 59 the arrival of the Romans; for they had persuaded both these nations to BCE, and sent himself as the commander of a military expedition to try the same fortune of war [as themselves]: that the forces of the conquer Gaul (present-day France and Germany); he spend 58-51 BCE in Gaul and successfully conquered it, as well as Britain. His Aduatuci were also expected by them, and were on their march; that military success was helpful as a political asset against his rivals. He they had put their women, and those who through age appeared useless returned to Rome in 49 BCE and refused to disband his army; this led to civil war in which he successfully seized power. He was for war, in a place to which there was no approach for an army, on assassinated in 44 BCE. account of the marshes. The Gallic Wars was written by Julius Caesar himself (even though it refers to him in the third-person) and was published during [2.17]Having learned these things, he sends forward scouts and his lifetime, probably as a form of political self-promotion. The text centurions to choose a convenient place for the camp. And as a great seems to have been adapted from his original dispatches sent back to the Senate while the campaigns were going on.2 many of the surrounding Belgae and other Gauls, following Caesar, marched with him; some of these, as was afterwards learned from the Book 2 - (57 B.C.) prisoners,
    [Show full text]