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Personalized Nutrition nutrients Personalized Nutrition Edited by George Moschonis, Katherine Livingstone and Jessica Biesiekierski Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nutrients www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Personalized Nutrition Personalized Nutrition Special Issue Editors George Moschonis Katherine Livingstone Jessica Biesiekierski MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors George Moschonis Katherine Livingstone La Trobe University Deakin University Australia Australia Jessica Biesiekierski La Trobe University Australia Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/ special issues/Personalized Nutrition) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03921-445-7 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03921-446-4 (PDF) c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Jessica R. Biesiekierski, Katherine M. Livingstone and George Moschonis Personalised Nutrition: Updates, Gaps and Next Steps Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1793, doi:10.3390/nu11081793 .................. 1 B´arbara Brayner, Gunveen Kaur, Michelle A. Keske and Katherine M. Livingstone FADS Polymorphism, Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 758, doi:10.3390/nu10060758 ................... 6 Elie Chamoun, Nicholas A. Carroll, Lisa M. Duizer, Wenjuan Qi, Zeny Feng, Gerarda Darlington, Alison M. Duncan, Jess Haines, David W.L. Ma and the Guelph Family Health Study The Relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Taste Receptor Genes, Taste Function and Dietary Intake in Preschool-Aged Children and Adults in the Guelph Family Health Study Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 990, doi:10.3390/nu10080990 ................... 17 Kerstin Kempf, Martin R¨ohling, Katja Niedermeier, Babette G¨artner and Stephan Martin Individualized Meal Replacement Therapy Improves Clinically Relevant Long-Term Glycemic Control in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Patients Reprinted from: Nutrients 2018, 10, 1022, doi:10.3390/nu10081022 .................. 30 Enza D’Auria, Mariette Abrahams, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti and Carina Venter Personalized Nutrition Approach in Food Allergy: Is It Prime Time Yet? Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 359, doi:10.3390/nu11020359 ................... 46 Edyta Adamska-Patruno, Lucyna Ostrowska, Joanna Goscik, Joanna Fiedorczuk, Monika Moroz, Adam Kretowski and Maria Gorska The Differences in Postprandial Serum Concentrations of Peptides That Regulate Satiety/Hunger and Metabolism after Various Meal Intake, in Men with Normal vs. Excessive BMI Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 493, doi:10.3390/nu11030493 ................... 62 Mads F. Hjorth, George A. Bray, Yishai Zohar, Lorien Urban, Derek C. Miketinas, Donald A. Williamson, Donna H. Ryan, Jennifer Rood, Catherine M. Champagne, Frank M. Sacks and Arne Astrup Pretreatment Fasting Glucose and Insulin as Determinants of Weight Loss on Diets Varying in Macronutrients and Dietary Fibers—The POUNDS LOST Study Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 586, doi:10.3390/nu11030586 ................... 73 Theresa Drabsch and Christina Holzapfel A Scientific Perspective of Personalised Gene-Based Dietary Recommendations for Weight Management Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 617, doi:10.3390/nu11030617 ................... 85 v George Moschonis, Maria Michalopoulou, Konstantina Tsoutsoulopoulou, Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou, Stefanos Michalacos, Evangelia Charmandari, George P. Chrousos and Yannis Manios Assessment of the Effectiveness of a Computerised Decision-Support Tool for Health Professionals for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity. Results from a Randomised Controlled Trial Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 706, doi:10.3390/nu11030706 ................... 99 Edyta Adamska-Patruno, Joanna Godzien, Michal Ciborowski, Paulina Samczuk, Witold Bauer, Katarzyna Siewko, Maria Gorska, Coral Barbas and Adam Kretowski The Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility PROX1 Gene Variants Are Associated with Postprandial Plasma Metabolites Profile in Non-Diabetic Men Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 882, doi:10.3390/nu11040882 ...................116 Jessica R Biesiekierski, Jonna Jalanka and Heidi M Staudacher Can Gut Microbiota Composition Predict Response to Dietary Treatments? Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1134, doi:10.3390/nu11051134 ..................130 vi About the Special Issue Editors George Moschonis is Associate Professor and Head of the discipline Dietetics and Human Nutrition at La Trobe University. During the last 15 years, he has built a strong research profile that is internationally recognised, mainly due to his roles as Project Manager and Key Investigator in nine interdisciplinary multicentre studies funded by the European Union. His main research interests are the identification of determinants or predictors (starting from very early life stages) of obesity and obesity-related cardiometabolic complications and the design, implementation, and evaluation of the effectiveness of personalised nutrition and lifestyle optimisation intervention programs which aim to tackle obesity and related co-morbidities (i.e., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc.) in children and adults. Katherine Livingstone is Lecturer in Population Nutrition in the School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences at Deakin University. Prior to being appointed as Lecturer, Dr Livingstone received two international fellowships to establish her research program in dietary patterns, determinants of dietary choices, and links to cardiometabolic health. Since completing her Ph.D. in 2013, Dr Livingstone has published >50 peer-reviewed journal articles which have amassed over 1000 citations. She has supervised a number of Masters, Honours, and Ph.D. students in these areas. Dr Livingstone also leads the research in better understanding the potential for personalised nutrition approaches to improve dietary patterns and overall dietary behaviours, and has collaborated on a pan-European personalised nutrition intervention. Jessica Biesiekierski is Lecturer and Research Fellow in Dietetics and Human Nutrition at La Trobe University. She has international research expertise in the dietary effects on gastrointestinal physiology in health and disease, having completed her Ph.D. in the dietary management of gastrointestinal disorders and postdoctoral research exploring gastric nutrient sensing, including gastrointestinal motility, regulation of food intake, signalling pathways, and gut–brain interactions. Dr Biesiekierski’s most notable research achievements include twice being awarded the international Rome Foundation’s Award for the Most Cited Paper on Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders (most recently in 2015 and also in 2013) for her seminal work on gluten sensitivity. vii nutrients Editorial Personalised Nutrition: Updates, Gaps and Next Steps Jessica R. Biesiekierski 1,*, Katherine M. Livingstone 2 and George Moschonis 1 1 Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia 2 Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3125, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 July 2019; Accepted: 1 August 2019; Published: 2 August 2019 1. Introduction Personalised nutrition approaches provide healthy eating advice tailored to the nutritional needs of the individual. Although there is no one definition for personalised nutrition, advice has typically been based on the individual’s behaviours, biological characteristics, and their interactions [1]. The objective of personalised nutrition is to improve dietary habits for the prevention or treatment of chronic disease, ultimately contributing to improvements in public health [2]. Two levels of the personalisation of nutrition advice have been conceived, which are based on the analysis of current behaviours, phenotypic characteristics and biological responses to diet [3]. The first level of personalised nutrition incorporates current behaviours and phenotypic characteristics (such as adiposity) to develop tailor-made dietary recommendations. The second level of personalised nutrition builds on the first layer but also takes into consideration the different responses to foods and/or nutrients that are dependent on genotypic or other biological characteristics [3]. Although there is some randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence for the effectiveness of personalised nutrition advice [4], the scientific basis for personalisation of dietary advice is still in its infancy. The studies in this special issue of “Nutrients” bring together
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