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Phytochemical and Antioxidant Matrix Science Pharma (MSP) 2(2) (2018) 21-26 Matrix Science Pharma (MSP) DOI : http://doi.org/10.26480/msp.02.2018.21.26 ISSN: 2521-0815 (Print) ISSN: 2521-0432 (Online) CODEN: MSPAFY REVIEW ARTICLE PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT SCREENING OF AMOMUM SUBULATUM, ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM, EMBLICA OFFICINALIS, ROSA DAMASCENE, SANTALUM ALBUM AND VALERIANA OFFICINALIS AND THEIR EFFECT ON STOMACH, LIVER AND HEART Sadia Mehvish, Muhammad Qasim Barkat Institute of pharmacy, physiology and pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected], [email protected] This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Article History: Plants and herbs are the mainstream of diverse traditional medicine system practiced throughout the whole population. Today, there is increasingly trend set the uses of natural plants for the various human ailments and wound healing as Received 25 November 2017 natural remedy. The crude drugs are derived from the whole plant or parts of the plants that are being used for Accepted 26 December 2017 tremendous diseases through the world without chances of serious adverse reaction as well as more efficacy and safety. Available online 1 January 2018 The ethnomedicines are being indicated worldwide that consists of different phytochemical constitutes like as alkaloids, saponin, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and carbohydrates so as to not only have biological, physiological and pharmacological activity but also have antioxidant activity for the treatment of stomach, cardiovascular and liver alilments. KEYWORDS Traditional medicine, crude drugs, natural remedy, phytochemical, stomach, cardiovascular and liver. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Herbs and plants are the base of various traditional medication systems 2.1. Amomum subulatum practiced all over the world. Whole plant or different parts of plants particularly the roots are major sources that directly provide crude drugs. Amomum subulatum belongs to family of Zingiberaceae. It is an evergreen A variety of conventional medication systems being used worldwide perennial herb which is indigenous to Himalayan region of India includes Indian medicinal system (consisted of two foremost branches, particularly Sikkim. Its common names are Badi Ilayachi or Large Unani and Ayurveda), ancient Chinese medicinal system and Amazonian cardamom, Nepal cardamom and fruit of this plant being widely used all ethnomedicine. These prescribing trends are based upon the use of herbal over the world as spice. Since 6th century Amomum subulatum was utilized plants for treatment of ailments and healing. Unani madicines are being in Ayurvedic medicines due to its astringent, stimulant, analgesic, used by human for treatment of ailments from the time of ancient Greece hypolipidaemic, antioxidant, antiulcer, cardioprotective and antimicrobial [1]. Human beings have been used medicinal plants in curing various potentials [5]. Large cardamomum has been used as antihyperglycaemic, disorders and ailments because these plants seem to be less toxic and also carminative, antiulcerogenic, antitussive, antibecterail and have no significant side effects. Usage of natural plants or any part of cardioprotective agent, to mitigate headache, bad breath, asthma, cough, plants and particularly certain herbs in the remedy of specific disorders or liver diseases and anorexia [6]. A group researchers have stated that conditions is come under the category of ethnomedicines [2]. methanolic extract of Amomum subulatum have exhibited significant lipid Phytochemicals are present in plants which are secondary metabolites lowering and antioxidant activities in rabbits [7]. It lowers the total low- such as phenols, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, flavonoids, density lipoproteins (LDL), triglyceride, phospholipid, cholesterol and saponins, anthocyanins, cumarins and certain pigments [3]. Reactive lipid peroxidation while increases the high density lipoproteins (HDL) oxygen species (ROS) are very reactive molecules due to existence of level of blood thus can be used as antihyperlipidemic agent [8]. Amomum unpaired electron in their outermost shell. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) subulatum have been reported as phytochemical qualitatively (Table 1), are generated in the living organism as a byproducts of regular cellular quantitatively (Table 2) and ROS (Table 3). metabolic reactions. Physiologically reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in each cell at low concentration but if they are created at high 2.2. Elettaria cardamomum concentration they can interact with essential cellular targets, including proteins, lipids and DNA, compromising cell viability and functions [4]. In Elettaria cardamomum has taken its place in the family Zingiberaceae. It is this review paper the Amomum subulatum, Elettaria cardamomum, a persistent plant and its seeds are used as rich spice. Elettaria Emblica officinalis, Rosa damascene, Santalum album and Valeriana cardamomum is a herb native to Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. It’s officinalis are to be reviewed for stomach, heart and liver ailment due to commonly named as “Elaichi”, Queen of spices and Small cardamom. presence of bioactive compounds and also for investigation of Cardamom usually found in two key types “true or Green cardamom” that phytochemical screening and ROS status. is Elettaria cardamomum and “Brown or Black cardamom” that is Amomum subulatum. Cite The Article: Sadia Mehvish, Muhammad Qasim Barkat (2018).Phytochemical And Antioxidant Screening Of Amomum Subulatum, El ettaria Cardamomum, Emblica Officinalis, Rosa Damascene, Santalum Album And Valeriana Officinalis And Their Effect On Stomach, Liver And Heart. Matrix Science Pharma, 2(2) : 21-26. Matrix Science Pharma (MSP) 2(2) (2018) 21-26 Table 1: Qualitative phytochemical screening of plants. 22 of of Plants Type extract Alkaloids Steroids Terpenoid s Flavonoids Phenols Glycosides Saponins Tannins Coumarins Anthocyni ns Reference Carbohydrate s Proteins Amomom subulatum Dichloromethane + methanol + + + + + + [9] Elettaria cardamomum Dichloromethane + + + - + + + - + + + [10] Emblic officinalis Ethanolic extract + + + - + - + + + - [11] Aqueous + + + + + + + + - Rosa Extract [12] damascena Ethanolic extract + + + + + + - + + - Santalum album Dichloromethane + + + + + + + + [13] methanol Valeriana officinalis Methanol extract + - - + [14] +ve: Positive (Phytochemicals detected in extract) -ve: Negative (Phytochemicals not detected in extract) Table 2: Quantitative phytochemical analysis of plants. Constituents Type of extract Assay values References 1-Quantitative analysis of Emblica officinalis Flavonoids Ethanolic (20g/360mL) 0.037±0.19 % w/v [11] Ethanolic ( 80% w/v) 12.7% w/v [15] Methanol (70% w/v) 176.00 ± 0.01 mg/mL [16] Methanol (70% w/v) 26.55 ± 0.65% w/v [17] Alkaloids Ethanolic (20g/360mL) 11.2±0.16 % w/v [11] Phenols Ethanolic (20g/360mL) 0.23±0.03 % w/v [11] Methanol (70% w/v) 215.60 ± 0.004 mg/mL [16] Methanol (70% w/v) 35.64 ± 1.1% w/v [17] Saponins Ethanolic (20g/360mL) 0.23±0.03 % w/v Tannins Ethanolic (20g/360mL) 1.1±0.05 % w/v [11] [11] 2-Quantitative analysis of Rosa damascene Flavonoids Ethanolic (80% w/v) 32% w/v [15] Methanolic (20% w/v) 26.27±0.98 (mg/g of extract) [17] Methanolic (80% w/v) 28.71±0.81 (mg /g of extract) [18] Phenols Methanolic (20 % w/v) 53.25± 5.92 (mg/g of extract) [17] Methanolic (80% w/v) 233.56±7.25 (mg/g of extract) [18] 3-Quantitative analysis of Valeriana officinalis Alkaloids Ethanolic (50 % w/v) 0.01 – 0.05% w/v [19] Ethanolic (50 % w/v) 0.5% -2.0% w/v [20] 4-Quantitative analysis of Santalum album Phenols Methanolic (80% w/v) 18–190 mg g_1 [13] Saponins Methanolic (80% w/v) 9.4–43.6mg g_ Anthocyanins Methanolic (80% w/v) 0.01–0.31 mg g_1 Terpenoids Methanolic (80% w/v) 17.3–51.4 mg g_1 5-Quantitative analysis of Amomum subulatum Phenols Methanolic (50% w/v) 0.00366% w/w [5] Flavonoids Methanolic (50% w/v) 0.0361% w/w 6-Quantitative analysis of Elettaria cardamomum Flavonoids contents Methanolic (100%w/v) 3.59 mg /g dry extract [21] Phenolic contents Methanolic (100%w/v) 15.67 mg /g dry extract Phenolic contents Ethanolic (85%w/v) 84.19 ± 4.64 mg/100g dry extract [22] Cite The Article: Sadia Mehvish, Muhammad Qasim Barkat (2018).Phytochemical And Antioxidant Screening Of Amomum Subulatum, El ettaria Cardamomum, Emblica Officinalis, Rosa Damascene, Santalum Album And Valeriana Officinalis And Their Effect On Stomach, Liver And Heart. Matrix Science Pharma, 2(2) : 21-26. Matrix Science Pharma (MSP) 2(2) (2018) 21-26 Table 3: Antioxidant analysis of the plants. 23 - - 1 - C Plants Lipid peroxidation Total antioxidant capacity Ferricion power reducing DPPH(2,2 diphenyl picrylhydrazyl) assay Vitamin References Amomum subulatum NR NR NR 8.25±2.0 µg/mL NR [6] Elettaria cardamomum NR NR 42.4 % 11% NR [21] w/v w/v Emblica officinalis NR 4.10±0.17 NR 1.43 ± 0.03 478.56 [16, 23] mmol trolox µg/mL mg/100mL equivalent/L Rosa damascena NR NR NR 77.02% NR [18] w/v Santalum album 1.17±2 61.2±5 μmol/g 025.5±43.5 1.17±0.2 μg/ mL NR [13] μg/ mL μg/ mL Valeriana officinalis NR NR 235.44 ± 5.18 493.4 ± NR [24] μg/mL 4.9μg/mL NR: Not Reported in Literature carotene and it was noticed to be 86.4% [29]. Goel and Bhattacharya, had accounted the effects of methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis on Seeds of Elattria cardamomum
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