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1 P. Vindob. G 39777 (Symmachus) and the Use of the Divine Names in Greek Scripture Texts
1 P. Vindob. G 39777 (Symmachus) and the Use of the Divine Names in Greek Scripture Texts Emanuel Tov The Psalms fragments of P. Vindob. G 39777, probably from the Fayum in Egypt, kept at the Austrian National Library, were published as a fragment of Aquila's translation in an editio princeps by Wessely and subsequently also by Capelle.1 At a later stage Mercati suggested that the fragment may have been part of the translation by Symmachus (approximately 200 CE),2 and this view became the communis opinio in scholarship. Indeed, anyone who is familiar with Aquila's style recognizes immediately that the free translation style of this fragment does not suit that translator, while it would be typical of Symmachus. Roberts described the two fragments (Ps 69 [LXX 68]:13–14, 31–32 and 81 [80]:11–14) as deriving from a parchment roll of Psalms dating to the third or fourth century CE.3 These fragments have been mentioned in many sources,4 and their full publication history and physical description are provided by A. Rahlfs and D. Fraenkel.5 P. Vindob. G 39777 includes the fragmentary remains of respectively three and five lines of two columns of Psalm 69 (LXX: 68) and five lines of one column of Psalm 81 (LXX: 80) in the version of Symmachus. The readings of Symmachus show his free translation style which has been analyzed by Busto Saiz for Symmachus in Psalms in general,6 with no special focus on this fragment. The most remarkable feature of the Vienna fragments is the writing of the Tetragrammaton in paleo-Hebrew characters in the following verses: Ps 69 (LXX: 68):14, 31, 32. -
Bible Studies • Біблійні Студії
Bible Studies • Біблійні студії PAVLOS D. VASILEIADIS The Pronunciation Aristotle University of Thessaloniki of the Sacred Tetragrammaton: Greece An Overview of a Nomen Revelatus [email protected] that Became a Nomen Absconditus Prologue The name of the God of the Bible is instrumental in understanding His identity. The Hebrew “quadriliteral” term , can be located in the core of almost every theological attempt to describe the biblical notion of God — either Jewish or Christian.2 For centuries, this sacred name was met with only in Semit- ic contexts. But during the Hellenistic period, a crucial meeting between Hebrew and Greek cultures happened. There came a fundamental shift in the understanding of the identity of the God who bears this name and, consequently, of the meaning attribut- ed to his name. Judaism moved from the biblically active “becoming,” as a covenan- tal God who seeks to get in close relation with faithful humans, to the philosophically static “being,” more akin to the Platonic view of God as immutable and utterly trans- cendent. A result of this development was that the divine name gradually became a ta- boo to the Jews. It may have started as reverence but it ended up as a long-lasting super- stition. Since the Tetragrammaton became ineffable, the exact ancient pronunciation was thought to be lost or restricted to a few initiates. Philo, a contemporary of Jesus and the apostle Paul, was the first to describe God as “unnameable,” “unutterable,” and completely incomprehensible.3 The Tetragrammaton — a name that appears more than 6, times in the Hebrew Bible — was replaced by various circumlocutions, like “the Name” or “the Holy One.” Copies of the Greek LXX Bible made early in the Chris- tian era had their text quickly overwhelmed by substitute titles like “Lord” and “God” in place of God’s name. -
November 2007 Thirteenth Issue
האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים The Hebrew University of Jerusalem The Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature מרכז אוריון לחקר מגילות מדבר יהודה והספרות הקרובה להן November 2007 Thirteenth Issue Letter from the Director From Jerusalem to San Diego: Scrolls Exhibitions and the Dear Friends and Colleagues, Dead Sea Scrolls Foundation The past academic year (2006/2007) has been a by Dr. Weston W. Fields busy one at the Orion Center on a variety of fronts. A series of stimulating seminars and coffee hour The Dead Sea Scrolls Foundation (DSSF) was first connected presentations culminated in the Eleventh International with Scrolls exhibitions almost by accident. In 1997, Brigham Orion Symposium, convened June 18–21, 2007 in coop- Young University asked the Foundation to find Dead Sea eration with the HU Center for the Study of Christianity, Scrolls to go along with the Masada Exhibit from Hebrew on the topic, “New Approaches to the Study of Biblical University, which was to be shown in Provo, Utah. Since Interpretation in Judaism of the Second Temple Period members of the LDS (Mormon) community had been both and in Early Christianity.” Plans are already underway for participants in and donors to the publication project, we agreed the Twelfth International Symposium, which will focus to explore the possibility of borrowing some of the scrolls on the language of the Scrolls and Ben Sira. owned by the Department of Antiquities of Jordan. After two Thanks to the good offices of Dr. Weston W. Fields, trips to Amman agreement was reached, and we supplied four the Orion Center is cooperating with Ixlan Inc., to plates of scroll fragments to the Provo exhibit. -
Bulletin of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies
Bulletin of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies Volume 38 • 2005 Articles The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint....................... 1 John William Wevers The Septuagint in the Peshitta and Syro-Hexapla Translations of Amos 1:3–2:16 ..................................... 25 Petra Verwijs Tying It All Together: The Use of Particles in Old Greek Job......... 41 Claude Cox Rhetoric and Poetry in Greek Ecclesiastes....................... 55 James K. Aitken Calque-culations—Loan Words and the Lexicon.................. 79 Cameron Boyd-Taylor Gleanings of a Septuagint Lexicographer....................... 101 Takamitsu Muraoka Dissertation Abstract The Septuagint’s Translation of the Hebrew Verbal System in Chronicles.........................................109 Roger Blythe Good IOSCS Matters Program in Leiden....................................... 111 Executive Committee Meeting............................... 115 Business Meeting........................................ 118 Executive Report on Critical Texts............................ 119 Treasurer’s Report ....................................... 123 In memoriam Pierre Sandevoir............................... 127 i ii BIOSCS 38 (2005) Book Reviews Review of Adam Kamesar, Jerome, Greek Scholarship and the Hebrew Bible ...................................... 129 Alison Salvesen Review of Kristin De Troyer, Rewriting the Sacred Text: What the Old Greek Texts Tell Us about the Literary Growth of the Bible ..... 132 Robert J. V. Hiebert Review of Maarten J. J. Menken, -
Pseudepigrapha Bibliographies
0 Pseudepigrapha Bibliographies Bibliography largely taken from Dr. James R. Davila's annotated bibliographies: http://www.st- andrews.ac.uk/~www_sd/otpseud.html. I have changed formatting, added the section on 'Online works,' have added a sizable amount to the secondary literature references in most of the categories, and added the Table of Contents. - Lee Table of Contents Online Works……………………………………………………………………………………………...02 General Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………...…03 Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………………....03 Translations of the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha in Collections…………………………………….…03 Guide Series…………………………………………………………………………………………….....04 On the Literature of the 2nd Temple Period…………………………………………………………..........04 Literary Approaches and Ancient Exegesis…………………………………………………………..…...05 On Greek Translations of Semitic Originals……………………………………………………………....05 On Judaism and Hellenism in the Second Temple Period…………………………………………..…….06 The Book of 1 Enoch and Related Material…………………………………………………………….....07 The Book of Giants…………………………………………………………………………………..……09 The Book of the Watchers…………………………………………………………………………......….11 The Animal Apocalypse…………………………………………………………………………...………13 The Epistle of Enoch (Including the Apocalypse of Weeks)………………………………………..…….14 2 Enoch…………………………………………………………………………………………..………..15 5-6 Ezra (= 2 Esdras 1-2, 15-16, respectively)……………………………………………………..……..17 The Treatise of Shem………………………………………………………………………………..…….18 The Similitudes of Enoch (1 Enoch 37-71)…………………………………………………………..…...18 The -
The Early Messianic 'Afterlife' of the Tree
THE EARLY MESSIANIC ‘AFTERLIFE’ OF THE TREE METAPHOR IN EZEKIEL 17:22-24 William R. Osborne Summary This article discusses the royal associations of tree imagery in the ancient Near East before examining four early messianic interpretations of the tree symbolism in Ezekiel 17:22-24, namely those of 4QEzekiela, the Septuagint, Targum Ezekiel, and The Shepherd of Hermas. 1. Introduction Recent scholarship related to Ezekiel has focused on the reception history of the book, yielding several studies that highlight the ongoing influence of this prophetic visionary of the Babylonian exile.1 While studies on reception history do serve the modern interpreter by providing a hermeneutical context for their own reading within more recent history, the goal of this work is to examine some of the earliest translations and interpretations of Ezekiel 17:22-24 in an effort to better understand the text.2 These three verses conclude the 1 Paul M. Joyce and Andrew Mein, eds., After Ezekiel: Essays on the Reception of a Difficult Prophet (LHB/OTS 535; New York: T&T Clark International, 2011); Paul M. Joyce, ‘After Ezekiel: Ezekiel in Tradition’ in Ezekiel: A Commentary (New York: T&T Clark International, 2007); ‘Ezekiel’ in The Oxford Handbook to the Reception History of the Bible, ed. M. Lieb, E. Mason, and J. Roberts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011); Henk Jan De Jong and Johannes Tromp, eds., The Book of Ezekiel and Its Influence (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007); A. R. Christman, ‘What Did Ezekiel See?’: Christian Exegesis of Ezekiel’s Vision of the Chariot from Irenaeus to Gregory the Great (The Bible in Ancient Christianity 4; Leiden: Brill, 2005); K. -
99399 Rev De Qumran 108 0
INTERLINEAR ADDITIONS AND LITERARY DEVELOPMENT IN 4Q163/PESHERISAIAHC, 4Q169/PESHER NAHUM, AND 4Q171/PESHERPSALMSA The Qumran Pesharim are traditionally understood as compila- tions of exegetical material that derives from the Teacher of Right- eousness and was recorded by his followers. An important impetus for this view is PesherHabakkuk’s claim that it contains the insights of the Teacher in “all the mysteries of the words of [God’s] servants, the prophets” (1QpHab VII 5; cf. 1QpHab II 8–9). Two developments in the study of the scrolls have, however, challenged this traditional image. To begin with, the Teacher of Righteousness increasingly tends to be taken as an individual to be remembered, (1) a prototype of com- munal identity, (2) or an authoritative “voice,” (3) rather than a historical Research for this contribution was carried out during my stay as Dirk Smilde Scholar at the Qumran Institute in Groningen. I thank Mladen Popović for his hospital- ity and the Smilde family and the Ubbo Emmius Fund for their support of my research. (1) Loren T. Stuckenbruck, “The Teacher of Righteousness Remembered: From Fragmentary Sources to Collective Memory in the Dead Sea Scrolls,” in Memoryin theBibleandAntiquity:TheFifthDurham-TübingenResearchSymposium(Durham, September2004)(ed. Stephen C. Barton, idem, and Benjamin G. Wold; WUNT 212; Tübingen: Mohr, 2007), 75–94; idem, “The Legacy of the Teacher of Righteousness in the Dead Sea Scrolls,” in NewPerspectivesonOldTexts:ProceedingsoftheTenth InternationalSymposiumoftheOrionCenterfortheStudyoftheDeadSeaScrolls andAssociatedLiterature,9–11January,2005(ed. Esther G. Chazon, Betsy Halpern- Amaru, and Ruth A. Clements; STDJ 88; Leiden: Brill, 2010), 23–49. (2) Jutta Jokiranta, “The Prototypical Teacher in the Qumran Pesharim: A Social Identity Approach,” in AncientIsrael:TheOldTestamentinItsSocialContext (ed. -
Dead Sea Scrolls—Criticism, Interpretation, Etc.—Congresses
Vision, Narrative, and Wisdom in the Aramaic Texts from Qumran Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah Edited by George J. Brooke Associate Editors Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar Jonathan Ben-Dov Alison Schofield volume 131 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/stdj Vision, Narrative, and Wisdom in the Aramaic Texts from Qumran Essays from the Copenhagen Symposium, 14–15 August, 2017 Edited by Mette Bundvad Kasper Siegismund With the collaboration of Melissa Sayyad Bach Søren Holst Jesper Høgenhaven LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: International Symposium on Vision, Narrative, and Wisdom in the Aramaic Texts from Qumran (2017 : Copenhagen, Denmark) | Bundvad, Mette, 1982– editor. | Siegismund, Kasper, editor. | Bach, Melissa Sayyad, contributor. | Holst, Søren, contributor. | Høgenhaven, Jesper, contributor. Title: Vision, narrative, and wisdom in the Aramaic texts from Qumran : essays from the Copenhagen Symposium, 14–15 August, 2017 / edited by Mette Bundvad, Kasper Siegismund ; with the collaboration of Melissa Sayyad Bach, Søren Holst, Jesper Høgenhaven. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2020] | Series: Studies on the texts of the desert of Judah, 0169-9962 ; volume 131 | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019029284 | ISBN 9789004413702 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004413733 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Dead Sea scrolls—Criticism, interpretation, etc.—Congresses. | Dead Sea scrolls—Relation to the Old Testament—Congresses. | Manuscripts, Aramaic—West Bank—Qumran Site—Congresses. Classification: LCC BM487 .I58 2017 | DDC 296.1/55—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019029284 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. -
Religion in the Dead Sea Scrolls Alex P
Religion Compass 1/1 (2007): 1±25, 10.1111/j.1749-8171.2006.00002.x Religion in the Dead Sea Scrolls Alex P. Jassen* University of Minnesota Abstract The present study is intended as a synthesis of the current state of research on religion in the Qumran community as articulated in the Dead Sea Scrolls. We treat here religion both in thought and in practice. The former refers to the theological belief system of the Qumran community: God, dualism and predestination and eschatology, messianism, and resurrection; the latter indicates the way that the religious ideals of the Qumran community were actualized in daily life: formation of Jewish law, temple, sacrifice, and prayer, and ritual and purity. Our intention is to present the critical issues (and texts) as they relate to each of these subjects and the various scholarly models associated with their study. Introduction The Dead Sea Scrolls comprise a collection of around 800 documents discovered in eleven caves in the Judean Desert beginning in 1947. These scrolls represent the library of a schismatic Jewish community that inhabited the nearby ancient settlement of Qumran from the middle of the 2nd century BCE until its destruction by the Romans in 68 CE (Schiffman 1995; Magness 2002; VanderKam and Flint 2002). The scrolls describe a community of primarily disenfranchised priests who rejected the Temple in Jerusalem as defiled and administered by corrupt priests and therefore withdrew from the center of Jewish life in Jerusalem (Schiffman 1999). This community, often identified as the Essenes from Jewish and classical sources (Vermes and Goodman 1989; Cansdale 1997; Beall 2004; see, however, Baumgarten 2004), established a sectarian settlement in Qumran, adopting the call of Isaiah 40:3, in order to ªprepare the way of the Lordº (1QS 8:15). -
Exploring the Dead Sea Scrolls
Hanan Eshel, Exploring the Dead Sea Scrolls © 2015, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783525550960 — ISBN E-Book: 9783647550961 Hanan Eshel, Exploring the Dead Sea Scrolls Journal of Ancient Judaism Supplements Edited by Armin Lange, Bernard M. Levinson and Vered Noam Advisory Board Katell Berthelot (University of Aix-Marseille), George Brooke (University of Manchester), Jonathan Ben Dov (University of Haifa), Beate Ego (University of Osnabrück), Esther Eshel (Bar-Ilan University), Heinz-Josef Fabry (University of Bonn), Steven Fraade (Yale University), Maxine L. Grossman (University of Maryland), Christine Hayes (Yale University), Catherine Hezser (University of London), Alex Jassen (University of Minnesota), James L. Kugel (Bar-Ilan University), Jodi Magness (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Carol Meyers, (Duke University), Eric Meyers (Duke University), Hillel Newman (University of Haifa), Christophe Nihan (University of Lausanne), Lawrence H. Schiffman (New York University), Konrad Schmid (University of Zurich), Adiel Schremer (Bar-Ilan University), Michael Segal (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Aharon Shemesh (Bar-Ilan University), Günter Stemberger (University of Vienna), Kristin De Troyer (University of St. Andrews), Azzan Yadin (Rutgers University) Volume 18 Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht © 2015, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783525550960 — ISBN E-Book: 9783647550961 Hanan Eshel, Exploring the Dead Sea Scrolls Hanan Eshel Exploring the Dead Sea Scrolls Archaeology and Literature of the Qumran Caves edited by Shani Tzoref / Barnea Levi Selavan Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht © 2015, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783525550960 — ISBN E-Book: 9783647550961 Hanan Eshel, Exploring the Dead Sea Scrolls This volume is generously sponsored by the David and Jemima Jeselsohn Epigraphic Center for Jewish History. -
4Qlxxnum and a Text-Critical Examination of a Debated Hebrew Term in Numbers 4
Chapter 3 4QLXXNum and a Text-Critical Examination of a Debated Hebrew Term in Numbers 4 Gideon R. Kotzé 1 Introduction The manuscript finds from Qumran and other sites in the Judean Desert have opened up new horizons in research on early Judaism and the text-critical study of the compositions included in the Hebrew Bible and Septuagint cor- pora.1 The textual criticism of these early Jewish writings is primarily occupied with collecting and collating their various textual representatives, explaining variants and debated readings in them, gaining insight into the craft of the scribes who copied and translated the texts in antiquity, and tracing the writ- ings’ textual history, that is, how the wordings and subject matter of the compo- sitions were shaped and developed by the ancient scribes during the processes of transmission. The Dead Sea scrolls provide invaluable data relevant to these interrelated analytical endeavours of text-critics. The thousands of fragments that preserve, in teasingly incomplete forms, manuscripts of early Jewish writings in their languages of composition and in translations, provide text-critics and other scholars with much older cop- ies of these compositions than the majority of textual representatives that were available before the Dead Sea discoveries. These copies, especially those from Qumran, which were made over the span of time from approximately the middle of the third century BCE to the first century CE,2 witness to a pleth- ora of textual variation when compared to one another and to other textual 1 Cf., e.g., Russell Fuller, “Some Thoughts on How the Dead Sea Scrolls Have Changed Our Understanding of the Text of the Hebrew Bible and Its History and the Practice of Textual Criticism,” in The Hebrew Bible in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. -
837-2416 500 WEST 185TH STREET NEW YORK, NY 10033 PHONE: (212) 960-5302 EMAIL: [email protected]
MOSHE J. BERNSTEIN 1332 TAFT ROAD DEPARTMENT OF BIBLE TEANECK, NJ 07666 YESHIVA UNIVERSITY PHONE: (201) 837-2416 500 WEST 185TH STREET NEW YORK, NY 10033 PHONE: (212) 960-5302 EMAIL: [email protected] SPECIAL INTERESTS: (1) Dead Sea Scrolls (2) Early Biblical Translation and Exegesis (Targumim, Dead Sea Scrolls, Septuagint, Josephus, Midrash) (3) Post-biblical Jewish Literature and History (Second Temple through Rabbinic) (4) History of Jewish Biblical Interpretation (5) Literary Approaches to Bible (6) Semitic Languages (Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac) ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS: 1978- Yeshiva University Professor of Bible 2003- Associate Professor of Bible 1990-2003 Assistant Professor of Bible 1980-90 Adjunct Assistant Professor of Bible 1978-80 (Graduate: [Bernard Revel Graduate School]: Introduction to Biblical Study I; Survey of Jewish Biblical Exegesis; Bible and the Ancient Near East; Biblical Hebrew; Samuel; Psalms; Ecclesiastes; Song of Songs; Approaches to Biblical Narrative; Approaches to Biblical Poetry; Targumim; Bible at Qumran; Northern French Biblical Exegesis) (Undergraduate: [Yeshiva College; Stern College for Women]: Introduction to the Bible; Introduction to the Bible (Honors); Introduction to Biblical Exegesis; Book of Numbers; Samuel; Haggai-Zechariah-Malachi; Ruth-Esther-Lamentations; Psalms; Ecclesiastes; Early Jewish Biblical Interpretation (Honors); Biblical Narrative; Literary Approaches to the Bible (Honors); Biblical Exegesis I; Targumim; Dead Sea Scrolls; Dead Sea Scrolls (Honors); Classical Jewish Intellectual History