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A Descriptive Process Analysis and Comparison of Game Modifications in Junior Netball and Basketball

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A Descriptive Process Analysis and Comparison of Game Modifications in Junior Netball and Basketball Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses : Honours Theses 1993 A descriptive process analysis and comparison of game modifications in junior netball and basketball Andrew Watt Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons Part of the Health and Physical Education Commons Recommended Citation Watt, A. (1993). A descriptive process analysis and comparison of game modifications in junior netball and basketball. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/439 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/439 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Courts have the power to impose a wide range of civil and criminal sanctions for infringement of copyright, infringement of moral rights and other offences under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. I A DESCRIPTIVE PROCESS ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF GAME MODIFICATIONS IN JUNIOR NETBAlL AND BASKETBALL BY Andrew Watt A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Bachelor of Education with Honours at the Faculty of Education, Edith Cowan University Date of Submission: 14/5/93 USE OF THESIS The Use of Thesis statement is not included in this version of the thesis. i i ABSTRACT A DESCRIPTIVE PROCESS ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF GAME MODIFICATIONS IN JUNIOR NETBALL AND BASKETBALL The amount of time participants spend successfully engaged with skill content has been found to have a high correlation with skill learning and achievement. For children to learn motor skills it is clear that they must be provided with sufficient opportunities to exhibit skill responses, during practice and ~a me sessions. For this to occur, activities must be designed to cater for the developmental requirements of the children, whilst maintaining high levels of active involvement for all participants. In response to these needs, basketball and netball associations have employed modifications to game structures. This study provides a descriptive analysis of junior basketball and netball settings, with a specific focus on the rates of successful motor skill engagement achieved by particip~n~s of different skill abilities, in coach directed practice sessir,ns and game play situations. The behaviours or Ugh and low skilled basketball and netball participants playing in modified (under 10 age) and full game designs (under 12 age), were observed and recorded, for the purpose of comparison, during iii four practice and four game sessions using two systematic observation instruments: (a) Revised Academic Learning Time - Physical Education/ Sport, (ALT -PE/SPORT), which measures time spent by participants in process behaviours (b) Revised Systematic Observation of Student Opportunities to Respond (SOSOR), which measures the rates of specific skill occurrence by an individual in a sport session. The findings from game observations were as follows: (a) High skilled players in both netball and basketball were involved in activity far more often than low skilled players and made more frequent responses in all ball skill categories, with the high skilled players in the under 10 and 1 2 netball and under 10 basketball, being successfully engaged in skill content over twice as often as the low skilled players. Skill response rates were far more equitable in the under 1 2 basketball settings. (b) The restrictive court structure in netball did not affect the equity of involvement for high and low skilled players, when compared to the basketball (non restrictive game structure). (c) In netball, low skilled netball players spent far more time waiting during games than high skilled players, mainly as a function of spending more time in positions which had greater restrictions on court movement and a subsequent lack of access to ball possessions. iv (d) Low skilled basketball participants spent considerably more time as a reserve in games than high skilled players, this reflected game conditions failing to ensure equity of game play time icr participants. (e) In both junior basketball age groups, between 23 and 26% of game time was used for knowledge and transition episodes, mainly <.s a result of time outs and substitutions during game time. Results from training sessions reinforce earlier findings that the level of active involvement is primarily a function of the organisation and planning by the coach. In both netball and basketball age groups high skilled participants made more frequent skill responses in each skill area during training, though they were actively engaged only slightly more often than the lower skiiied participants. Low levels of involvement were found in activity behaviours and in successful ball skill eng~gement in the under 10 and 1 2 netball and under 10 basketball training sessions. Only in the under 12 basketball training sessions, conducted by the most experienced and accredited coach, were there frequent opportunities for ball skill responses. A high degree of success in skill performance during game and practice sessions for high and low skilled players in under 10 and 12 basketball and netball was found, indicating that the equipment and rules used in both sports suits the physical requirements of the participants, and that modifyi~g v equipment for the under 10 participants has been warranted. Despite this, greater attention must be paid to adapting rules in junior basketball and netball to promote greater equity in participation for participants of differing skill levels and in developing coach expertise in providing high levels of successf•JI skill response opportunities during practice sessions. vi Declaration " I certify that this thesis does not incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any institution of higher education; and that to the best of my ability it does not contain material previously published or written by another person except where due references are made in the text." Signature __ vii Acknowledgements My sincere thanks are extended to the following people for their assistance, guidance, and support during the course of this research project. ANDREW TAGGART DINAH WATT DON WATT JOAN WATT JOHN LISTER RUSSELL PEARSON ANDREW MEDLAND viii Table of Contents Page Abstract i i Declaration vi Acknowledgements vii List of Tables XV List of Figures xviii CHAPTER Introduction 1 Significance of the study 9 Purpose of the Study 12 Statement of the Problem 13 (Research Questions) II Review of Literature 14 Modifications in Junior Sport 14 Child(ens' Attitudes to Junior Sport 19 Competition in Junior Sport 20 Barriers to Modifications 23 Modifications in Basketball and Netball 26 Studies on Equipment Modification 26 Netball Modifications 29 Basketball Modifications 33 ix Participant Use of Time: Academic 36 Learning Time and Opportunity to Respond. (Methodology) Previous Findings In AL T -PE 40 Findings on Levels of AL T -PE and 46 Opportunities to Respond of High and Low Skilled Participants Effects of Coaches' Expectations on 51 Participant AL T -PE and Opportunities to Respond Specific Studies Related to Junior Basketball 52 and Netball, and Those Using ALT-PE/SPORT and SOSOR Methodology Ill Theoretical Framework 56 IV Methodology 60 Design 60 Sample 61 Procedure 63 Instruments 65 - AL T-PE/SPORT 69 - SOSOR 75 Analysis and Interpretation of Results 79 - ALT -PE/SPORT 79 - SOSOR 80 Reliability of Data Collection 85 Validity of Data Collection 89 X Limitations of Research 91 Ethical Considerations 94 v Results and Discussion 96 Under 10 Netball 99 Under 1 2 Netball 111 Comparison of Under 10 and Under 1 2 Netball Results 122 Under 10 Basketball 137 Under 1 2 Basketball 149 Comparison of Under 10 and Under 1 2 161 Basketball Results Comparison of Netball and Basketball Game Results 176 Co'llparison of Netball and Basketball Training Results 194 Comparison of all Netball and Basketball Results 208 VI Conclusions 226 VII Recommendations 229 Methodological Considerations VIII References 240 xi IX Appendices 1 Letter To coaches 258 2 Information about study, sent to coaches 259 3 Revised ALT-PE/SPORT Coding Sheet 262 4 Example of Coded Revised ALT -PE/SPORT 264 Coding Sheet 5 Revised S.O.S.O.R. Coding Sheet 265 6 Example of Coded Revised S.O.S.O.R. 266 Coding Sheet 7 TabiP. of Positions Played by High and Low 267 Skilled Players in Under 1 0 and 1 2 Netball Games 8 Revised ALT -PE/SPORT Category Raw Scores 268 & Percentages, High Skill Game Play Context, U/1 0 Netball 9 Revised ALT -PE/SPORT Category Raw Scores 269 & Percentages, Low Skill Game Play Context, U/1 0 Netball 10 Revised S.O.S.O.R. Data Summary 270 (Rates Per tvlinute), High Skill Game Play Context, U/1 0 Netball 11 Revised S.O.S.O.R. Data Summary 271 (Rates Per Minute), Low Skill Game Play Context, U/1 0 Netball 12 Revised AlT -PE/SPORT Category 272 Raw Scores & Percentages, High Skill Training Context, U/1 0 Netball xii 13 Revised ALT-PE/SPORT Category 273 Raw Scores & Percentages, Low Skill Training Context, U/1 0 Netball 14 Revised S.O.S.O.R.
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