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Expression of P2x5 Receptors in the Mouse Cns

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Expression of P2x5 Receptors in the Mouse Cns Neuroscience 156 (2008) 673–692 EXPRESSION OF P2X5 RECEPTORS IN THE MOUSE CNS W. GUO,a1 X. XU,a1 X. GAO,a G. BURNSTOCK,b C. HEa et al., 1996; Collo et al., 1996; Seguela et al., 1996; Soto AND Z. XIANGa* et al., 1996; Lê et al., 1998b; Kanjhan). etHet- al., 1999 aDepartment of Neurobiology, Second Military Medical Universityeromultimeric assemblies of P2X receptor subtypes have 200433 Shanghai, PR China been described (seeBurnstock, 2007b). bAutonomic Neuroscience Centre, Royal Free and University College All seven subtypes of P2X receptor mRNA and protein Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK have been detected in various nuclei in the CNS by re- verse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Abstract—P2X receptors are ATP-gated cationic channels (Kidd et al., 1995; Shibuya et al., 1999; Vorobjev et al., 2003), in situhybridization Kidd( et al., 1995; Shibuya et composed of seven known subunits1-7 ) (P2Xwhich are involved in different functions in neural tissue. The present study al.,inves- 1999) and immunocytochemistryVulchanova ( et al., tigates the P2X5 receptor expression pattern in the mouse CNS1996; Xiang et al., 1998; Loesch et al., 1999; Loesch and using immunohistochemistry andin situhybridization histo- Burnstock, 2001; Yao et al., 2001; Atkinson ).et al., 2004 chemistry. The specificity of the immunostaining has been Therever- has, however, been some controversy about the ified by pre-absorption, Western blotin andsituhybridization existence of P2Xreceptors in the CNS. Hybridization methods. Heavy P2Xreceptor immunostaining was observed 5 5 experiments showed that there was noreceptor P2X in the mitral cells of the olfactory bulb; cerebral cortex; globus 5 pallidum, anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus, amygdalohip-mRNA in the CNS except for the mesencephalic trigeminal pocampal area of subcortical telencephalon; anterior nuclei,nucleus and spinal cordCollo ( et al., ),1996 and RT-PCR anteroventral nucleus, ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus; su-also showed no 5 P2XmRNA in the rat supraoptic nucleus. praoptic nucleus, ventromedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus of However,hy- other data showed that5 receptor P2X protein pothalamus; substantia nigra of midbrain; pontine nuclei, mes-and mRNA distribute in some regions of the CNS. Single encephalic trigeminal nucleus, motor trigeminal nucleus, am-cell RT-PCR showed that about 35% of neurons ex- biguous nucleus, inferior olive, hypoglossal nucleus, dorsalpressed P2Xreceptor mRNA in the tuberomamillary nu- motor vagus nucleus, area postrema of hindbrain; Purkinje 5 cleus of rat hypothalamus. Pharmacological data indicated cells of cerebellum; and spinal cord. The identification of exten- that functional heteromeric 2/5P2Xreceptors might be sive P2X5 receptor immunoreactivity and mRNA distribution within the CNS of the mouse demonstrated here is consistentpresent in the neurons of hypothalamusVorobjev ( et al., with a role for extracellular ATP acting as a 2003fast) and homomeric 5P2Xreceptors presented in the neurotransmitter. © 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd.cerebellum All Brockhaus( et al., ).2004 Immunohistochemi- rights reserved. cal data showed that5 receptor-immunoreactivityP2X (-ir) was present in rat rostral ventrolateral Thomasmedulla et( Key words: P2Xreceptor, immunohistochemistry,in situ 5 al., 2001), solitary tract nucleusYao (et al., ),2001 cere- hybridization, CNS. bellum Xiang( et al., 2005a), choroid plexusXiang ( et al., 2005b), compact division of the nucleus ambiguous Extracellular nucleotide receptors belong to the P2X(Brosenitsch et al., ),2005 hypothalamus Xiang( et al., ligand-gated cationic channels or P2Y G protein-coupled 2006r e) -and paraventricular nucleusCham ( et al., ).2006 ceptors Abbracchio( and Burnstock, 1994; Ralevic andTogether these data imply that 5thereceptor P2X is dis- Burnstock, 1998; North, ).2002 Both receptor types aretributed widely in the CNS. However, at present there is no widely distributed in the CNS and exhibit various effectssystematic on study of the distribution pattern of5 the P2X both neuronal and glial Burnstock,cells ( 2007a). P2X re- receptor subunit in the whole CNS. Thus, in the present study, detailed information about the distribution pattern of ceptors form a family of seven subunits1-7). Neuronal(P2X P2X receptors in the CNS appear to belong mostlyP2X to5 receptorsthe at both protein and mRNA levels in the CNS of the mouse has been obtained using immunocyto- P2X2, P2X4 or P2X4/P2X6 subtypes Bo( et al., 1995; Buell chemistry andin situhybridization methods. 1 These two authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding authors. Tel: ϩ86-21-25074545-8; fax: ϩ86-21- 65492132 (Z. Xiang), Tel: ϩ86-21-65515200; fax: ϩ86-21-65492132 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES (C. He). E-mail address: [email protected] or [email protected] (Z.Tissue preparation Xiang), [email protected] (C. He). Abbreviations: BSA, bovine serum albumin; CA1, field CA1 of hip- All experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional pocampus; CA2, field CA2 of hippocampus; CA3, field CA3 of hip- Animal Care and Use Committee at Second Military Medical Uni- pocampus; CA4, field CA4 of hippocampus; ir, immunoreactivity; LTP, long-term potentiation; NHS, normal horse serum; NMDA, N-methyl- versity and conformed to the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) D-aspartate; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PPADS, pyridoxal phos- Act 1986 and associated guidelines on the ethical use of animals. phate-6-azophenyl-2-4-disulfonic acid; RT-PCR, reverse transcripta- Twelve adult mice (25–35 g) were used. The number of animals se–polymerase chain reaction. used and their suffering in this study were minimized. The mice 0306-4522/08 © 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.062 673 674 W. Guo et al. / Neuroscience 156 (2008) 673–692 ϫ were killed by asphyxiation with CO2 and perfused through the 50% formamide, 10% dextran sulfate, 0.3 mol/l NaCl, 1 Den- aorta with 0.9% NaCl solution and 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 hardt’s solution, 0.05 mol/l Tris–HCl (pH 8.0), 1 mmol/l EDTA and mol/l phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The brains were dissected out 250 ␮g/ml E. coli tRNA (RNase-free). Hybridization was carried immediately and immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M out for 16 h at 56 °C in a hybridization oven. The sections were phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2) for 2–4 h. The brains washed in 4ϫ SSC for 20 min at 37 °C, followed by incubation in were then transferred to 25% sucrose in PBS and kept in the 2ϫ SSC containing 20 mg/ml RNase A (Sigma) for 30 min at 37 °C solution until they sank to the bottom. Thereafter, the brains were to digest the RNA probes that did not hybridize with the targeted rapidly frozen by immersion in isopentane at Ϫ70 °C for 2 min. RNA. The sections were further washed in 1ϫ SSC and 0.2ϫ SSC Coronal sections (20 ␮m) of the brains were cut with a Leica at 37 °C for 20 min, respectively. The following protocol was used cryostat (CM1900) (Nussloch, Germany) and floated in PBS. to detect the hybridization signals. Briefly, the sections were first incubated in the blocking buffer containing 5% bovine serum Immunohistochemistry albumin and 0.4% Triton X-100 in PBS at room temperature for 30 min, and then with anti-digoxigenin sheep IgG Fab fragments Immunohistochemistry for localization of P2X5 receptors was per- conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (Roche Boehringer Mann- formed using rabbit polyclonal antibody against a unique peptide heim) diluted 1:1000 in the blocking buffer for4hatroom tem- sequence of P2X5 receptor provided by Roche Palo Alto (CA, USA). perature. The sections were washed with PBS for 4ϫ5 min, fol- The immunogens used for the production of the polyclonal P2X5 lowed by washing in TSM1 (0.1 mol/l Tris–HCl buffer, pH 8.0, receptor antibody were synthetic peptides corresponding to the car- containing 0.1 mol/l NaCl and 0.01 mol/l MgCl), then equilibrated boxyl terminal of the cloned rat P2X5 receptor, covalently linked to in TSM2 (0.1 mol/l Tris–HCl 2 buffer, pH 9.5, 0.1 mol/l NaCl and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The peptide sequences of the P2X5 0.05 mol/l MgCl). The color development was performed with receptor are of amino acid sequence 437–452 (RENAIVNVKQS- 400 ␮g/ml Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, 200 ␮g/ml 5-bromo-4-chloro-3- QILH). The polyclonal antibody was raised by multiple monthly injec- indolyl phosphate and 100 mg/ml levamisole in TSM2 in the dark tions of New Zealand White rabbits with the corresponding peptides at room temperature for 2 h. The sections were rinsed in PBS 3ϫ5 (prepared by Research Genetics, Huntsville, AL, USA). The P2X5 to stop the color development, then dry the sections at 37 °C in an receptor antiserum used in this study has previously been shown to oven for 3 h and mounted with DPX (Sigma). detect the P2X receptor subunit, but not the remaining subunits, 5 The density of P2X5 receptor protein immunostaining and when these subunits were expressed in cell lines (Oglesby et al., mRNA hybridization signal was scored as: absent (Ϫ), weak (ϩ), 1999). As previously reported, no cross-reactivity is observed with moderate (ϩϩ), heavy (ϩϩϩ)(Collo et al., 1996; Braissant et al., other P2X receptor antisera (Oglesby et al., 1999). 2001; Pollio et al., 2005). Endogenous peroxidase was blocked by 3% H2O2 in PBS for 30 min. The sections were pre-incubated in 10% normal horse Control experiments serum (NHS), 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS for 30 min followed by incubation with P2X5 receptor antibody, diluted 1:500 in anti- Control experiments were carried out with P2X5 antiserum pre-absorbed ␮ body dilution solution (10% NHS, 0.2% Triton X-100 and 0.4% with P2X5 receptor peptide at a concentration of 25 g/ml. The amino sodium azide in PBS) overnight. Subsequently, the sections acid sequence for this peptide is: 437–452 (RENAIVNVKQSQILH), were incubated with biotinylated donkey anti-rabbit IgG synthesized by Roche Palo Alto.
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