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Quarterly Mixed Migration Update: North Africa This Quarterly Mixed Migration Update (QMMU) Covers the North Africa (NA) Region

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Quarterly Mixed Migration Update: North Africa This Quarterly Mixed Migration Update (QMMU) Covers the North Africa (NA) Region MMC North Africa QUARTER 2 2021 Quarterly Mixed Migration Update: North Africa This Quarterly Mixed Migration Update (QMMU) covers the North Africa (NA) region. The core countries of focus for this region are Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia. Depending on the quarterly trends and migration-related updates, more attention may be given to some of the countries over the rest. The QMMUs offer a quarterly update on new trends and dynamics related to mixed migration and relevant policy developments in the region. These updates are based on a compilation of a wide range of secondary (data) sources, brought together within a regional framework and applying a mixed migration analytical lens. Similar QMMUs are available for all MMC regions. The Mixed Migration Centre is a global network consisting of six regional hubs and a central unit in Geneva engaged in data collection, research, analysis and policy development on mixed migration. For more information on the MMC, the QMMUs from other regions and contact details of regional MMC teams, visit mixedmigration.org and follow us at @Mixed_Migration MMC’s understanding of mixed migration “Mixed migration” refers to cross-border movements of people, including refugees fleeing persecution and conflict, victims of trafficking, and people seeking better lives and opportunities. Motivated to move by a multiplicity of factors, people in mixed flows have a range of legal statuses as well as a variety of vulnerabilities. Although entitled to protection under international human rights law, they are exposed to multiple rights violations along their journey. Those in mixed migration flows travel along similar routes, using similar means of travel - often travelling irregularly, and wholly, or partially, assisted by migrant smugglers. Front cover photo credit: Taha Jawashi (2017) SUPPORTED BY: Quarterly Mixed Migration Update Q2 2021: North Africa Quarterly Mixed Migration Update: North Africa Quarter 2 - 2021 Key Updates • Land and sea arrivals to Italy and Spain from North Africa through the Central (CMR) and Western Mediterranean Routes (WMR) increased by 251% compared to the same period in 2020. • Arrivals to Spain include a particularly sharp increase in movements to Ceuta around May 17th – 18th, with estimates suggesting a number of between 8,000 and 12,000 arrivals to the Spanish enclave, amidst political tensions between Morocco and Spain. Of this number of arrivals, it was reported more than 5,000 were pushed back to Morocco from Ceuta during the following days. • The trend of an increase in Algerian arrivals to Spain which started in 2020 has continued to sustain, with Algerian media reporting more than 10,000 Algerians arrived in Spain in the first five months of 2021. • 8,676 refugees and migrants were intercepted at sea by the Libyan Coast Guard in Q2, representing a 266% increase compared to the same period in 2020, and following an 85% increase reported in Q1. • 464 refugees and migrants were reported dead or missing, of which 410 were along the CMR and 54 were along the WMR, between April – June 2021. • In Q2, reports were published on the challenging conditions in the refugee camps in Eastern Sudan hosting Ethiopian refugees in Tigray, with camps reaching their maximum capacity, new arrivals overstaying their time in transit camps, and the potential of devastating effects tied to the upcoming rainy season. MMC North Africa 3 Greenland Iceland Finland Norway Sweden Estonia Latvia Denmark Lithuania Northern Ireland Canada Ireland United Belarus Kingdom Netherlands Poland Germany Quarterly Mixed Migration Update Q2 2021: North Africa Belgium Czechia Ukraine Slovakia Russia Austria Switzerland Hungary Moldova Regional Overview* France Slovenia Kazakhstan Croatia Romania Mongolia Bosnia and HerzegovinaSerbia Montenegro Kosovo Bulgaria 7,016 sea and land 13,114 Georgia Uzbekistan arrivals in Spain on arrivals in Macedonia Kyrgyzstan Italy WMR and Atlantic Italy from Albania Armenia Azerbaijan United States Route from April - April - June North Portugal Greece June 2021 2021 Turkmenistan Tajikistan Korea Spain Turkey 410 deaths at sea along South Approximately 8,000 - the CMR from April - Korea Japan 12,000 arrivals in Ceuta on 54 deaths at sea June 2021 May 17th - 18th along the WMR from Cyprus Syria April - June 2021 Lebanon 8,676 individuals were Iraq Afghanistan China 5,734 arrivals to Morocco Tunisia Iran Canary Islands intercepted & returned Jordan to Libya by the LCG from from January - Israel May 2021 8,350 refugees and April - June 2021 Algeria asylum seekers Kuwait registered with Libya Egypt Nepal UNHCR in Tunisia Pakistan Bhutan 591,415 Bahrain migrants and Qatar Western refugees in Libya Saudi United Bangladesh Taiwan Mexico Sahara Arabia Arab Emirates Myanmar Cuba Increased movements Oman around border area India Mauritania towards Libya following Laos Haiti Dominican insecurity in Northern Chad Jamaica Republic Mali Belize Niger Chad Guatemala Sudan Eritrea Yemen Thailand Senegal Honduras Vietnam The Gambia 61,179 new arrivals Nicaragua Burkina registered by UNHCR Cambodia Guinea-Bissau Faso in Sudan between Djibouti Philippines Guinea January - May 2021 Costa Nigeria Somalia Rica Panama Sierra Ethiopia Leone Ivory Benin Sri Venezuela Coast Ghana Togo Central South Lanka Sudan Guyana Liberia African Republic French Cameroon Colombia Suriname Guiana Malaysia Equatorial Uganda Singapore Guinea Republic of the Kenya Ecuador Gabon Congo Democratic Republic Rwanda *Information on the map relates to selected updates and does not represent all mixed migration patterns ofwithin the and Congo out of North Africa. Indonesia Burundi Papua New Tanzania Guinea Peru Brazil Angola Malawi Zambia Mozambique Bolivia Zimbabwe Madagascar Namibia Botswana Australia Paraguay MMC North Africa 4 Swaziland Lesotho South Africa Uruguay Argentina Chile New Zealand Antarctica Greenland Iceland Finland Norway Sweden Estonia Latvia Denmark Lithuania Northern Ireland Canada Ireland United Belarus Kingdom Netherlands Poland Germany Quarterly Mixed Migration Update Q2 2021: North Africa Belgium Czechia Ukraine Slovakia Russia Austria Switzerland Hungary Moldova France Slovenia Kazakhstan Croatia Romania Mixed Migration Regional Updates Mongolia Bosnia and HerzegovinaSerbia Montenegro Bulgaria Kosovo Georgia Mixed migration from North Africa to Europe Macedonia Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Italy Albania Armenia Azerbaijan United States North Portugal Greece North AfricanTurkmenistan arrivals in EuropeTajikistan Korea Spain Turkey South From April 1st – June 30th, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) reports that 19,032 Korea Japan Cyprus Syria refugees and migrants entered Spain (by sea or land) and Italy (by sea) through the Central and Western Lebanon Mediterranean Routes (CMR and WMR), respectively, representing an increase of 251% compared to the Iraq Afghanistan China Morocco Tunisia reported numberIran of arrivals in 2020, taking into account that this period last year constituted the onset of Jordan Israel the COVID-19 pandemic including reported restricted mobility measures. Algeria Kuwait Libya Egypt Arrivals in Italy in Q2 2021 increased compared to the same period the Nepalprevious year. UNHCR reports Pakistan Bhutan 13,114 arrivals from April – June 2021, up from 4,155 in 2020. UNHCR reported that for the first 5 months of Bahrain 2021 upQatar until June 30st, and similar to the same period in 2020, Bangladeshis represent the most common Western Saudi United Bangladesh Taiwan Mexico Sahara Arabia nationality (16%).Arab Looking at North African arrivals, Tunisians (the second most common nationality) Emirates represent 14% of arrivals, followed by Egyptians (4th, 8%), Sudanese (6th, 6%) and Moroccans (8th,Myanmar 5%). Cuba Oman India Laos Haiti Dominican Mauritania On the Western Mediterranean and Atlantic Routes to Spain, UNHCR reports a 145% increase in arrivals Jamaica Republic Mali in Q2 (up until June 30th) compared to the same period in 2020 (from 2,867 to 7,016).1 This increase was Belize Niger Chad also attributed to less movement restrictions compared to the same period last year during the onset of the Guatemala Sudan Eritrea Yemen Thailand Senegal Honduras COVID-19 pandemic Local Algerian media reports that in the first five months of 2021, more than 10,000 Vietnam The Gambia Algerians had arrived in Spain. According to the Spanish Ministry of Interior, 5,734 refugees and migrants Nicaragua Burkina Cambodia Guinea-Bissau Faso Djibouti arrived in the Canary Islands from January up until June 15th, 2021. Philippines Guinea Costa Nigeria Somalia Rica Panama Sierra Ethiopia Leone Ivory Benin Sri Togo Departures on the CMR, WMR and Atlantic Route Venezuela Coast Ghana Central South Lanka Sudan Guyana Liberia African Republic French Cameroon UNHCR finds that the largest share of refugees and migrants crossing the CMR and arriving in Italy in April Colombia Suriname Malaysia Guiana – May 2021 had departed from Libya (66%, compared to 59% Q2 of 2020), followed in the region by Tunisia Equatorial Uganda (22%, down from 30%) and Algeria (2%, down from 7%). Key departure points in Libya were Zwara, Abu Singapore Guinea Republic of the Kenya Kammash and Azzawya, in Tunisia Sidi Mansour, and in Algeria El Kala and Annaba. Ecuador Gabon Congo Democratic Republic Rwanda of the Congo Indonesia Burundi In May, Spanish media reported on the major increase in arrivals to the enclave of Ceuta, reaching to more than 10,000 arrivals within a time span of two days. All arrivals
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