FEBmjARY^ARCH-APRIL, 1978

Registered for posting as a periodical — Category A

50 CENTS

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*afci ^?*0*0*0*0+0*0*^^^****0^^+ THE NAVY-MMAAAAAMMAMMMA The magazine of the Navy League of Australia Regisiered for posting as a publication — Category A

Vol.40 FEBRUARY-MARCH-APRIL, 1978 No. 1

CONTENTS Page Page Visit to North America by The Federal NELSON 33 President 3 What Is the Soviet Navy up to? 37 Letters to the Editor 13 Canadian Ship Building Programme 45 The Strategic Need for a New Carrier 17 Water Fuel Lighters for the Navy 47 High Speed Oil-Defence Boat 24 Contract for New Patrol Boats 48 Keel of New RAN Ship Laid 25 Ultra Modern Torpedoes for RAN 48 Book Reviews 27

PLUS SUNDRY STORIES AND PHOTOGRAPHS The view* expressed in articles appearing in Ihis publication are those ol the authors concerned They do not necessarily represent the views of the editor, the Navy League, or otlicial opinions or policy Photographs appearing in this magazine are obtained from official sources and copies cannot be secured from the Navy League or Australia. Percival Publishing Co Ply Ltd or the Editor. All correspondence should be directed to the Honorary Editor 26 Wesson Road, West Pennant Hills, NSW, 2120, Australia Telephone Enquiries — 84 7198 (evenings only)

PubHahed by Use Nevy League of Auiir ell*. Boa 1719, GPO, Sydney. NSW. 2001. 19th Floor. Patrick Houit, Cnr Spring and Geeeham Street*. Sydney, NSW. 2000.

We're proud of the many products we make. ADVERTISING AND PUBLICATION: PERCIVAL PUBLISHING CO PTY LTD SVDfCV IWLBOURNE ADELAIDE PERTH HOBAftT Mi G Menterth Mr Bob Smith Mr Trevor Wm 'Jt't T Mr Sieve Mayers Mr TomDwyer Mrs Kajth Stump We're prouder of the people who make them. 862 Ekiabeth SI Greenan Pub4cat«yis 17 Curne St 72 Eagle Si 94 St George's Tee 123 Murray St Waterloo PtvLtd AdetterJe. 5000 Brisbane. 4000 Perth. 6000 Hooan. 7000 NSW. 2017 388 Bourke Street Phone 51 6225 Phone 31 2531 Phone 22 4072 Phone 34 4098 Grumman people have the imagination and talent to take Phone 699 2600 Phone 61 1461 ADVERTISING RATES: JIM PER PAGE — $109 PER HALF PAGE technology from one area and apply it to another, creating some­ •Mere, *0*0*0*0*0*0*0t0*0*0*j*010m thing new and something better. They have the insight to know that what they've accom­ THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA plished isn't the end of the project but the next step toward PATRON: His E xceeency the Governor-Genera) Victorian Division South Aintrakian Diviuon another. . . rtWRJU. COUNC* Patron: His Exceeency, the Governor of Victoria President: Commander F. G Evans. MBF VRD Pteatdent: B J B*d. Esq Grumman people. Special people. Designing and building RANR Secretary: Lieut Cmdr 0 V CNmmett. VRD. the high-quality, high-performance products only Grumman Vke-Pree.dent: Commander C M Blake .•'•[ RANR. Box 227. Post Office. Hawthorn. Victoria. Hon Secretary Miss A FrUoarafd. Box 1529M RANR 3122 Telephone 296294 GPO Adelaide. SA. 5001 people can make. Vtca Pi—.dent: Lieut Cmdr A W Graiebrook RD RANR Patron: VceAdrrwaiSr Guy Wyan. KBE.CB Jusi some of the ihinRs Grumman ixiiple make (Clockwise from Up): Emergency ambulance. Secretary L»eut Cmdr O V Dvnmm. VR0. RANR Bow 227. PO Hawthorn. Viclona. 3122 Telephone : Senator D M Devrtt Gulfstream II executive jet. Pearson yachl. The F 14 Tomcat fishier. The Tiger. The K2C 29 6294 Hawkeye airborne early warning system. Mini Bus. : Mrs T McMoeiun. 24 Clementina Street. Launceston, 7250 Hew South Wale* Division Hon Secretary Lieutenant E. w Croofce, RANR. Patron: Ha Exceeency. the Governor of New 780 Gympie Road, Chermside. 4032 Patron: Hrs Exceaency. the Governor of Western GRUMMAN ;aPP@H^TD0M South Wales Austraba ^^Mj^MF- QEiTHPAGE, IME.W YORK 11714 Australian Capital Territory Division : Lieut Cmdr E Brydtrn- Brown. VRD. Lieutenant Corimander J J Johnson. ^^^ For information contact: : Command** D M Blake VR0. RANR MEtE.RANlretd) L^ P.O. BOX E201, CANBERRA, ACT. 2600 Honorary Secretary: 0. P Tncfcett, Esq. Boa : Uautonant F Whetton. 66 Brad 1719. GPO Sydney, NSW. 2001 l«td Street, tomnar. ACT. 2602

Feb/March/AprH.1978 THE NAVY Page On« Visit to North America by the Federal President

COMMANDER F. G. EVANS, MBE, VRD, RANR R. & B. CONCRETES NORTH AMERICAN JOURNEY The time: 3 am Saturday 15 October, 1977. The Place: Travis Air Force Base, MORANBAH California. At this awkward time, in an un­ usual setting, the first "Formal" visit by an Australian Navy League presi­ dent to the Navy Leagues of the United States and Canada com­ menced. Ready-Mixed Concrete Specialists Strictly speaking it started 48 hours earlier when I departed Richmond RAAF Base near Sydney in a C-141 'Starlifter' of the United States Air Force. The 'Starlifter' is a very large 4-engine jet cargo aircraft which can be configured to take a limited number of "passengers". It is reasonably comfortable but in credibly noisy — a fact of which your president was blissfully un­ aware before take-off, and therefore Phone: Moranbah (079) 50 7492 the cause of some surprise when he started to eat the ear plugs offered to him, in the belief that the pink, candy-like objects were part of the USAF cabin service. Perhaps it was the reason for the solicitude shown by the American airman for the At Norfolk, Admiral I. C Kidd Jnr (C-in-C Atlantis C~in-C US Atlantic Fleet foreigner in their midst from that Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic) with President of the Navy League time onwards) of Australia, ConimanderF. G. Evans, MBE. VRD, RANR.

landed at Travis. The flight arrived to recover me from the USAF and to INDUSTRIAL ESTATES THEJOURNEY more than twelve hours earlier than bear me off as a guest for the Departing Richmond late Thurs­ expected, and my first hours in weekend. In their mountainside day afternoon, the east-bound flight North America were spent sleeping home overlooking the San Joaquin was made via New Zealand in quarters provided by the USAF at Valley, Jim and Jean Griffin de­ GOONYELLA RD (Christchurch for an overnight stop), the base, the only disturbance being monstrated the courtesy and Samoa (Pago Pago to re-fuel), and a seemingly endless procession of goodwill which was to be a feature Hawaii which we reached at 3 jets taking off outside my window. of my visit to North America. MORANBAH, QLD o'clock in the morning local time on After weekending at Los Gatos our second Friday. I was accom­ and touring the district, I flew south modated in a very comfortable suite THE UNITED STA TES OF to San Diego on Monday 17 Oc­ at Hickam Air Force Base in which I AMERICA tober, and into the 'jurisdiction' of luxuriated between periods explor­ My first host and hostess in North Mr Jack Morse, president of the ing the base, until we departed for America were Mr Jim Griffin, 11th Region of the USNL. A dinner the mainland later in the day. We chairman of the Navy League's Na­ each night to meet Navy Leaguers; passed over the coast at San Fran­ tional Advisory Council and im­ a meeting with the Regional Navy cisco just before midnight on Fri­ mediate past national president, Commandant, Rear Admiral Rogers; day, or 3 o'clock Saturday morning and his wife Jean. They drove some an inspection and lunch in the new after we adjusted our watches 120 miles from their home at Los Spruance class Destroyer "KIN- again, and shortly afterwards Gatos, to the south of San Francisco CAID"; visits to the naval air station p^TM THE NAVY FeWMwch/Apcll.ll Feb/March/Aprll, 1978 THE NAVY P»geThn»e thousand feet to ground level within a matter of seconds — or so it seemed. Greetings t<3 the Royal Aus tralian Navy from New Orleans for my second weekend in the United States, and it was a pleasure to meet once again Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Carrere, whose visit to Australia in 1975 when Dll LLING HAM Ernest was national president of-the USNL, was mainly responsible for my "return" visit. SI HIPYA RDS Looking back, it is difficult to re­ member precisely what happened in New Orleans as the programme (W A) PT y LTD was virtually continuous. One re­ collects however dinner at a fascinating restaurant (Antoine's) in the French Quarter to meet mem­ bers of the League; the greet Mis­ Mg -*"*T*. »• sissippi River; balconies and tons of cast iron; trumpeter Alvin Alcorn ••WSf"" ^^^^ • SHIP BUILDERS and his band playing "Waltzing —% 4r • SHIP REPAIRERS Department of National Defence Offices, Ottawa. Canada: L to R: Captain Matilda" in my honour at "The m Darroch MacFillivray, CAP, Director of Maritime Operations. Plans andCommander's " to the surprise of patrons; the award of Honorary •Jt I t • ENGINEERS Reserves, Canadian Armed forces. -« Jj •" Citizenship of New Orleans; ap­ '*** */ 1 f pointment to the Governor's staff "•JR. '-ia • •••MtiBIBiBiltBm ••••*••••*! on North Island and to the Maritime Reserve and former Reserve of­ (as a 4-star Admiral — CNS please Sf / Ar rWVVVWVWVSrVWWWWV Museum, and a tour of San Diego ficers, and has a membership of take note); a visit to the Charbon- 49pr ' and the surrounding districts, fully about 17,000. Although it's charter nets in Quarter "A", a plantation BT' ^B occupied the two days I spent in is fairly wide, the main purpose of home built in the 1840s and used by this very Spanish-looking and the NRA is to promote the interests the local Flag Officer for the last <;,*---£ sounding part of the world. of the Naval Reserve, which appears thirty years, and many other ex­ ii CURRENTLY REFITTING Then north to Santa Ana by rail, a to me to face many of the problems periences. JF" * -* two hour journey along the Pacific our RANR has to face. It is for con­ "HMAS DIAMANTINA" The next stop was Washington, Coast — almost on the beach at sideration whether an NRA-type or­ which I reached on Monday 14 Oc­ in times — past San Clemente, home ganisation would be useful in '> tober after travelling by air via Fremantle, WA of former President Nixon, and the Australia — perhaps, in view of our Atlanta. I was met at National great Marine Corps training centre. comparatively small navy and large ^^H »*• Airport by Captain Vincent Thomas, Camp Pendleton, to the outskirts of number of extra-naval organisa­ IWC^ executive director of the Navy Los Angeles. Jack Rau, a national tions, it would be preferable to de­ League who arranged my American director of the League, met me at velop a section within the Navy itinerary, no mean feat — as he did the station ("depot") and settled me League to bring Reservists together s1 Corkhill StreetS , North Fremantle, WA not know the actual date of my ar­ in to the VIP cottage at El Toro and advance the interests of our rival until after I had left Australia; Marine Corps Air Station, my Reserve forces. PO Box 50, North Fnsmantle , 6159 'home' for the next two nights. but that is another story. In The principal guest at the Naval Washington I was accommodated at An afternoon at the Aeronutronic Reserve Association convention Wardman Tower, a part of the Division of Ford Aerospace & was Vice Admiral Pierre Charbon- Sheraton Park Hotel in a suite pro­ Communications Corporation at net, USN Chief of Naval Reserve vided by the USNL. It was at one Newport Beach provided a very and Commandant of the 8th Naval time used, I believe, by former Vice interesting experience, and gave District based in New Orleans. As President Spiro Agnew, but be that Telegraph ic Address: "Sc >uth Slips", Perth one some idea of the complexity the Admiral and I had been invited as it may the most striking feature Telepht >ne: 335 4622 -- Telex 92 6655 (and cost) of modern weapons. to meet each other at a dinner in to my mind was a bed so large that Fortunately, my visit to Southern that city two day later, he very kind­ it would easily hold four people California coincided with the start of ly transported me from California to with room to spare — alone, I felt the Naval Reserve Association's Louisiana in his personal jet ... an lost. four-day annual convention at interesting experience! The Admiral 1DILLING h 1AM Anaheim. This was held at the Dis­ piloted the machine, his flag- At a dinner shortly after my ar­ neyland Hotel — quite a splendid secretary acted at co-pilot. I offered rival the national president of the establishment situated alongside encouragement from the jumpseat, United States Navy League, Mr Vin­ TheSr lipyard on the Wester n Coast famous "Disneyland" in which, to while the two crew members oc­ cent Hirach, presented me with The my sorrow, I had no time to in­ cupied the passenger accommoda­ Patriots Pitcher, a Lenox chine piece dulge. tion. One gained a new respect for depicting in detailed baa-relief, vignettes of America's history from The Naval Reserve Association is, Service pilots, especially their ability to bring an aeroplane from thirty 1620 to 1776:1 felt greatly honoured in essentials, a mix of serving to receive such a gift. Also present Page Four THE NAVY Feb/March/April, 1978 Feb/M»rch/Aprtl, 1978 THE NAVY Page Five on this occasion ware Mrs Hirsch, ceremony and reception. This was a and League representatives and The president of the Navy League of NATO occasion and similar Canada, Commodore Bob Hendy, their wives from Washington and ceremonies take place on the Na­ Puerto Rico. RCNR, met me at the airport and tional Day of each country bore me off to his home which was Washington was a succession of represented on Admiral Kidd's staff to be my 'headquarters' for the next WROUGHT IRON meetings and "calls" — at the Navy — so they are quite frequent events. five days. Mrs Hendy was a truly de­ League and Sea Cadet head­ I left Norfolk on Saturday morn­ lightful hostess. ing, the 15th day of the journey, by quarters, the Pentagon, the Senate Thursday was a busy day, meet­ air for Boston. My hosts in this city Offices — and lunches and dinners ing people and comparing notes on were Tom Morris, a national direc­ attended by members of the Navy our respective Nsvy Leagues with tor of the League, and Ray Couture, League. It was particularly interest­ Bob Hendy, snd in the evening we Boston council president. Later on STEEL WORKS ing to meet Navy Under-Secretary flew to Ottawa for a aeries of meet­ during my stay their wives assumed Jamas Woolsey who, at 36, must ings at the Department of National responsibility for me end this was surety be one of the youngest men Defence commencing early the very pleasant indeed. to hold such an important post in following day. These meetings in­ BERRIMAH ROAD, BERRIMAH the American defence hierarchy. At Fortunately the Navy League was cluded talks with Defence Minister the Senate Offices one realised celebrating Navy Day while I was in "Barney" Denson; Personnel Chief DARWIN, NT afresh the great influence Senate Boston, and a dinner dance at­ Rear Admiral J. A. Fulton; and Cap­ committees have on American af­ tended by about 160 people pro­ tain (N) Don MacGillwray (in the un­ fairs, not least on defence — the vided an excellent opportunity to ified Canadian armed forces, neval USN Senate team alone is headed meet many League members as Captains are distinguished by an 'N' by an obviously very capable Rear well as other guests. I also attended after the rank). A busy morning waa General Steel Fabrications, Balustrading, Galvanising, Trusses, Building Fabrication, Admiral with an equally capable a football game at the Schaefer followed by a lunch hosted by the General Welding, Wrought Iron Work including Handrails and Fancy Work. staff to match. One learned a good Stadium — or rather a strange United Kingdom Naval Attache, deal in the American capitol — and I version of football which involved Captain A Henscher, RN, and a hope they learned something about about one hour of activity and two press interview which subsequently ua. of handling consultation on the caused Bob Hendy a lot of trouble; On Thursday evening 27 October, field. Marching girls performed con­ in commenting on delays in getting Phone: Darwin (089) 84 4027 after three dull days in Washington. tinuously and provided a decorative an escort replacement programme I flaw 186 miles south-east to background to the scene: all In all, under way Bob suggested thet Norfolk, headquarters of the US an interesting and unusual after­ Canada would have to think about Atlantic Fleet and centre of a naval noon. ordering ships abroad, a quite complex of quite staggering On to Portland, Maine, on Mon­ sensible remark: the shipbuilders dimensions — the largest naval day 31 October for an overnight and unions were very upset and establishment in fact in the free stay and a meeting with national have been attacking him ever since, world. I was accommodated very director Charles Stickney, and Mrs ft Is all rather reminiscent of our THE PAINT SHOPPE comfortably by the USN in what Stickney. On the following morning DDL problems. could only be "admiral's quarters" Mr Jamas Harvie of the Bath Iron and spent the following day visiting Works Corporation called for me From Ottawa back to Toronto and ships of the Fleet, including the car­ and we drove forty or so miles to a pleasant weekend at the Hendy ski Full Range of Vinyls, Vinyl-Coated and Ready rier "INDEPENDENCE" and nuclear Beth to see the brand new "OLIVER lodge in the Caledon Hills — and cruiser "SOUTH CAROLINA", in the: HAZARD PERRY" — lead ship of the much Navy League talk. Partly Pasted Wallpapers care of Captain Frederick Ellis, staff FFG-7 guided missile frigates of because of the difficulties of pro­ officer to the Commander-in-Chief, which Australia has ordered three. moting naval interests in a country Admiral "Ike" Kidd. Although not the most graceful- which does not have a Navy as such • Wilson looking afop in the world, "PERRY" — Bob Hendy has been an out­ Apart from his Fleet is nevertheless quite impressive spoken critic of unification — the • A.W.M. Molymex Wallpapers responsibilities, Admiral Kidd is with a very heavily raked stem Canadian Navy League tends to be also Commander-in-Chief Atlantic (a (about 46*) and clean lines: Perhaps see cadet-orientated, and very suc­ • Expert Customer Paper Hanging Service unified command with a joint staff our ships could be improved by cessfully so. The League has clearly of US Army, Navy, Air Force, replacing the existing buttonlike defined responsibilities towards the • Free Advisory Service Marine Corps and Coast Guard stock and housing with s small fun­ Royal Canadian Sea Cadet Corps — • Borrow Our Pattern Books After Hours personnel) and Supreme Allied nel. Internally "PERRY" is surpris­ something we have been unsuc­ Commander Atlantic (a NATO ap­ ingly roomy and the layout in­ cessfully seeking in Australia — and • Large Stock Available for Ready Purchase pointment). In carrying out his dicates care in design to ensure the net result is s cadet organisation • Friendly Service and Advice on Application of Paper various tasks the Admiral controls simplicity and practicability. of some 12,000 members — more the operations of some 300 ships, "PERRY" waa carrying out her than four times the site of the 1,800 aircraft, and nearly a quarter builders' trials during my visit and Australian NRC snd twice that of the of a million men and women. It was there ia every expectation that this US Naval Sea Cadet Corps which is 2 HARRIET PLACE, DARWIN, NT certainly a great privilege to be able will be a successful class. supported mainly by the Nsvy to meat Admiral Kidd, and I have League. The contribution of our never known an hour and more to Canadian colleagues to the sea Phone: Darwin 81 8760 pass so quickly as the time spent CANADA cadet organisation is vslued at talking with him. From Bath I returned to Boston about a million dollars annually — Whilst in Norfolk I was able to at­ and went straight on to Toronto, ar­ an exceptional contribution by any tend a Turkish National Day riving on Wednesday 2 November. standards, snd it must relieve the PsgeSix THE NAVY Feb/March/Aprll, 1978 Feb/March/April, 1178 THE NAVY Page Sevan defence department quite con­ engages in "high energy physics" siderably. to Spokane; the spectacular Greetings to RAN and ifs purpose is to further un­ Cascade Mountains and more snow, I must say that I felt a strange derstanding of the nature of matter. sense of kinship with the Cana­ and the final run into Seattle on the It would be hopeless to describe West Coast which we reached at dians, and attribute this to the fact this extraordinary place here, but that Canada and Australia both about 9 pm local time. I gained a one thing that impressed me greatly better idea of the vastness of North belong to the Commonwealth and was the fact that they inject protons share a Head-of State. We also America and it's similarities to JOCE-TROJAN into an accelerator ring four miles in Australia during this 51-hour rail share a few problems — large coun­ circumference, and the protons tries with small populations, but I journey than from all the previous travel around this ring 50,000 times plane miles. Contrary to what I had am glad that in Australia we have a in one second. After undergoing common language. been told I found the train comforta­ this experience the protons are re­ ble and the service was excellent. Winnersof the.. covered and transported to ex­ BACK TO AMERICA perimental areas. The laboratory's In Seattle my principal host was I left Toronto on Monday 7 Nov­ linear accelerator (one of the stages Carl Swenaon and he was support­ ember, 24th day of the North on the way to the accelerator I have ed by Darrel Taylor; both are na­ American visit, and flew to Chicago mentioned) is also used to produce tional League office-bearers. Dawn A Good Design Award — one hour on the way and almost neutrons for a facility investigating on the morning following my arrival by the Industrial Design the same time circling around wait­ the value of neutron irradiations as found me 'at sea' on a small vessel Council of Australia ing to land at the busy O'Hare a treatment for certain types of used by the USNR and on this oc­ Airport: It was fascinating to see cancer. casion partly manned by Sea several planes arriving simul­ After emerging somewhat be­ Cadets, exploring the Seattle The 1973 Major Hoover taneously on parallel runways, and mused from Fermilab I was taken to Harbour and Lake Washington: behind them others on the way the Naval Air Station at Glenview Later on I saw more of the extensive Marketing Award down. and then back to Chicago to the harbour facilities in the course of a land tour. I also spent some time I had several hosts in Chicago, Museum of Science and Industry: One of the exhibits at the Museum with John Garbutt of the Australian where I stayed at the Chicago Defence Department who is over­ Athletic Association's hotel-like is a complete German submarine, U-506 which was captured during seeing construction of our frigates clubrooms on Madison Avenue as — the first two to be named the guest of NL council member. Art the Second World War, and 'sailed' to Chicago when the St. Lawrence "ADELAIDE" and "CANBERRA" — Conrad. Vice-President Frank All- at the Todd shipbuilding yard. A Prince Philip Prize ston "organised" my stay, and Bob Seaway was opened. After this I at­ tended a Navy League dinner and at There is not much to be seen of for Australian Design Sander and George Wendt drove them at the moment, and difficult to me for many miles. about 10 p.m. was piled into the "North Coast Hiawatha" at Union link a few frames and plates and I don't know what I expected to boxes of equipment with the com­ find in Chicago — burly policemen Station, bound for Seattle some 2,200 miles away. pleted frigate I had seen in Bath a and maybe meat processing works few days previously. ... but I did not expect a city of such great beauty, and so "alive". BACK TO THE WEST The Swensons tendered a recep­ Chicago on a misty day with the COAST OF AMERICA tion to their guest, and I was in­ Joyce tops of some of it's taller buildings troduced to a new form of refresh­ A trip across America by rail is ment — a kind of alcoholic icecream up in the clouds somewhere; very worthwile. On the first morn­ Chicago at night, unbelievably spec­ which one 'drank* through a straw Fold-a-Bed ing out from Chicago I awakened and which is rather insidious in it's tacular. I am glad I did not miss this and to my surprise looked out on an call. effects. It was a splendid party and I all-white landscape. Apparently met many League members from Joyce The whole of the first day was there had been an unexpected and the area. The Olympic Hotel in Seat­ spent at the USN's Great Lakes severe snowstorm during the night tle is to be the venue of the USNL's Hospital Bed Training Centre, which takes in and while the train was not affected 1978 annual convention, and the about 16,000 recruits and advanced- the road traffic was certainly in an management kindly invited me to & Equipment. training naval personnel a year. It awful mess from what I could see. sample the standard of accom­ was interesting to see in one of the Your president is not used to snow, modation to be provided; I found it schools a complete steam plant — at least not so much of it, and so, very acceptable. Commercial Furniture, Garages, boiler and engine rooms lifted out except for one venture the whole of a destroyer and transplanted: all day was spent in a 'dome' carriage From Seattle I moved on to San Pre-fab Buildings the sounds and smells and noises gazing out over this new world. The Francisco and on the 32nd day of were there, the only thing missing exception was rather regrettable as, the tour returned to my original was the "ship's" movements! at a wayside atop, I left the cosy co­ mainland starting point. A varied programme had been arranged On the following day I visited an coon of the train and found myself looking up at the sky as my feet which included two days on Trea­ establishment with a difference — sure Island, a part of the San Fran the Fermilab National Accelerator became uncontrollable on the sur­ prisingly hard snow, or rather, ice. cisco naval complex; visits to the JOYCE-TROJAN Laboratory at Batavia. about an Naval Air Station at Alameda (in­ hour's drive from Chicago. Fermilab Dawn of the second day found us cluding an inspection of the carrier 6-8 Forsyth St, O'Connor, WA. Phono 337 4400 is operated by a consortium of 52 a Butte, where one almost expected — -"ENTERPRISE") and to Moffat American and one Canadian re­ to see Indiana attacking the train; ASW Base; a comprehensive tour of search-oriented universities. It over the Rockies; across the plains the whole Bay area; a number of Page Eight THE NAVY Feb/March/ April. 1978 Feb/March/April. 1(78 THE NAVY Pag* Nine •

social events at one of which I met VOQ staff never sleeps and most, if nent citizens; and a Maritime Ad­ Vice Admiral Wagner, head of the not all, of us were settled-in soon visory Committee made up of re­ US Coast Guard, which enabled me after dawn — a rather lovely one cognised leaders in industry and to learn something about that or­ but not altogether appreciated on government which advises him how BOAT FITTERS AND FASTENERS ganisation; and one day on which I this occasion. best the Navy League can serve the was allowed to 90 shopping — One cannot complain too much nation. mostly spent at a place called about being delayed in Honolulu The League itself is divided into "Gump's", rather like Georges in and we made our second departure Regions which generally coincide Melbourne, and designed to en­ at 1.30 am Tuesday, arriving at with the US Naval Districts and SEA FLEET PTY LTD courage a steady cash outflow. Pago Pago six hours later to refuel, consists of groups of States. I spent the final two days on the and then another five hours to The basic unit of the Navy MARINE CENTRE mainland with Jim and Jean Griffin Christchurch: Deducting several League is the Council and there can at Los Gatos and on Saturday 19 hours and adding a day, it was then be any number of these in each Distributors for: November, exactly five weeks after I 11 am local time Wednesday 23 State. There are certain minimum Full Range of Epicraft Marine Products • Marine Paints • Fibreglass- Resins arrived, they returned me to the November. requirements and the Councils vary care of the US Air Force for the We left Christchurch at eight quite a lot in size; the largest ones •Safety Equipment • Galvanised and Stainless Steel Wire • Talunt Swaging flight home. o'clock the following morning and have over 1,000 members. Distributors for: at 9.15 ESST the big 'Star-litter' was The Councils elect their own HAWAII on the ground at Richmond — six President and office-bearers and Seagull Outboards • Boat Kits and Plans — Power and Sail weeks exactly from the day I left they usually have a judge-advocate We left Travis at 6.45 am on Sun­ Australia. to advise on legal matters and quite day 20 November and arrived in often a chaplain. Generally the Hawaii at 9.46 am the same day. As THE NAVY LEAGUE Councils or their representatives PHONE: DARWIN (089) 81 5880 we were not due to take off until 2 meet at least once a year on a re­ am Monday I was able to spend the IN THE UNITED STA TES gional basis and similarly on a State day with the State President of the The American Navy League con­ basis. Navy League, Harold Estes, and his 31 Stuart Hwy, Darwin. PO Box 1737 sists of some 40,000 members who Although the USNL has substan­ wffa who live in a 17th floor subscribe from $41.00 pa tial financial responsibilities to the Honolulu penthouse with a rather (husband/wife membership) to Naval Sea Cadet Corps, consisting Darwin, NT spectacular outlook over ocean, $1,500 pa (corporate membership), of about 6,000 boys and an increas­ mountains and the city itself. with different classes of mem­ ing number of girls, it is essentially I was taken to Pearl Harbour and bership between these lower and an educational organisation de­ visited the "ARIZONA" Memorial upper limits. dicated — and I think this is the which is built over the sunken but The affairs of the League are con­ right word — to bringing maritime visible hull of the battleship, trolled by a National Board of Direc­ affairs before the attention of the destroyed in December 1941 at the tors which is elected annually by American public. It does this in a outbreak of war with Japan. the members. From Board members number of ways which I hope soon "ARIZONA'S" captain and crew lie the Directors elect the National to explain to our own Navy League MAZCARS CROYDON in their ship below the Memorial President, who is chief executive of committees. and it is a saddening experience to the League, Vice-Presidents, region­ One thing the Americans try hard go to this quiet spot in the al and State Presidents and certain to avoid is the "what's in it for me" otherwise busy harbour. other national office-bearers. attitude when approaching prospec­ 44 PARRAMATTA ROAD Later we drove across Oahu to The National President, who tive League members. It is accepted Kaneohe Bay and eventually back to virtually gives up his normal oc­ that many people join organisations Hickam Air Base at midnight. Soon cupation or profession while in of­ for the benefits to be gamed by do­ CROYDON, NSW after take-off however a radar defect fice, is assisted by all the aforemen­ ing so (obviously one would not developed and we returned to tioned officers; personal represen­ join, say, an automobile association Hickam, landing at about 3 am. tatives for various oceanic areas; a for any other purpose) but the Shortly afterwards it was decided to salaried national headquarter staff League's whole approach is based delay the flight for 24 hours and we (headed by an Executive Director); on the nation's interests, and not 74! 889 — 74 8287 — 74 2337 had some traumatic moments find­ by a National Advisory Council those of the individual. It is to the ing a place to sleep at that hour of composed of all past National Presi­ credit of the American citizen that it the night Fortunately the Air Force dents and a number of other promi- works. MAZDA Specialist OUR COVER New & Used Cars CONSTTTUCIAO, third of four Vosper Thomyeroft Mark 10 frigates building at Woolston, Southampton, for the Brazilian Navy under a £150 million contract, seen on sea trial*. She is the first of the general-purpose version of this 3500-ton frigate design, the) aartier ships SALES — SERVICE — SPARES NITEROI and DEFENSORA being anti-submarine frigates Main differences between the versions am in the armament, the general-purpose ships having Exocet anti ship missile launchers amidships and a second Vickers Mk 8, 4 5 in gun aft.

Feb/March/April,1»78 Feb/March/April, 1978 THE NAVY Page Eleven Page Ten THE NAVY and that the structure of the Army Such attacks would use mass Letters should be aimed at carrying out this destruction missiles. role. (b) Bomber attacks using either But let me look briefly at the other mass destruction or conven­ To The four roles — disaster relief, UN tional weapons. peacekeeping forces, aid to civil (c) Attacks on our trade. authority, and land combat as­ (d) 'Peaceful' invasion by unarmed .! Editor sistance to our friends — and sug­ men, women and children. f Iv gest what might be required in the (e) Small raids on mining, in­ way of structure to carry these out. dustrial or administrative - targets with the aim of disrupt­ 1 On our experience over the last 1 ing our economy or weakening thirty years it is reasonable to as­ __JP^i'vl 'Rothlyn', our will to resist. s Monaro Highway, sume that Australia would not com­ and Via Cooma, NSW. mit, at most, more than a task force 1 of three battalions on a continuing f,f) Invasion with the aim of con­ 9.1.78 basis to any of these roles. Indeed if quering Australia by ground Dear Sir, the Vietnam or Korean campaigns forces. In your December 1977 issue Cap­ are any guide our Army would be The role of the Army in (a) and (b) tain Scarlett writes that he would be y. hard pressed to provide a task force would be disaster relief, while in (c) interested in my views on the struc­ on a continuing basis without using I can see no role for the Army. ture and roles which I considered national service or specially recruit­ appropriate for the Army in the late If 'peaceful' invasion was ever at­ ed troops in excess of their present 1970*s. tempted it does not seem to me that numbers of 32,000 it could be met by military action of The questions are perhaps out­ G with pride tn ^ V . any kind. I do not believe that any side the normal scope of "The I cannot see that any of these four Australian government would order an AUSTRAL 20 % Navy" but in the hope of stimulat­ ancillary roles requires a divisional military action against unarmed from _J5 ing thought, debate and even action structure and believe that a task civilians. AUSiRAL Yl *CHTS PTY LTD on the defence requirements of force structure, administered by. PRIESTHOOD Australia, you may consider it either an operational command or Dealing with small raids seems to iiHflyf s ill N1WH worthwhile to publish these, my Army headquarters would meet any be the principal role for the Army. personal views firstly on the conti­ task that Australia was called on No matter how numerous and effi­ nuing roles of the Army for as far and willing to undertake. cient our maritime forces are, it as your would not be possible for them to ahead as one can see and secondly It is perhaps worth noting that AUST RAL20 on the sort of structure which have such complete control of the except for role 5 — land combat as­ sea around our vast continent that VOCATION IN seems appropriate to carry out sistance to our friends — the an­ these roles. they could prevent small landing TRAILERt SAILER or cillary roles do not require parties attacking ^elected targets, There are five possible roles sophisticated military hardware; although they should be such that LIFE? KEELE R which the Army may be called on to what they need is trained and dis­ they can guarantee stopping, on the perform and in the order in which I ciplined men. sea, anything larger than a raid. To "Special" courses available think they may be required in the meet such attacks a very highly next few years they are: for men between 25-50 The Superb Racing-Cruising ROLE 4 — DEFENDING mobile Army force, perhaps as large, 1. Disaster relief within Australia. AUSTRALIA AGAINST as a battalion would be necessary. years old yacht — with family comfort in Such a force would not require the 2. Forming part of a UN EXTERNAL ATTACK If you wish to find out more about nnind l peacekeeping force. weapons or infrastructure needed 3. Aid to civil authority in To make a judgement on the role to fight a major land campaign, the Priesthood and the qualities Australia. and structure of the Army to meet what it would need is the ability to needed, send in the coupon below 4. Defending Australia from ex­ an external attack on Australia it is move within hours to the site of the Design features — ternal attack. necessary to consider the conceiva­ raid carrying the light weapons Rev. Father Kerry Bayada, ble forms of attack which might be needed to deal with it. There could The Diocesan Vocation Centre, 5. Assisting our friends and allies Hull and Deck are to defend their own countries by made. Indeed one would hope that be more than one such raid at a 154 Elizabeth Street, Sydney. constructed using hand such a catalogue would be the start­ lay up methods to create a hull and deck supplying combat land forces. time but it is difficult to imagine Phone: 61 7573. It would be foolish for me to try ing point of all Defence thinking and more than three such raids |PO Box 34, Brickfield Hill. NSW 2000.) combination of exceptiona l strength to attach a degree of probability as planning. Such planning would simultaneously evading our mari­ The Hull is MULTI-LAYE R with extra to the possibility of having to carry then move on to the likelihood of time forces, so that I believe the Could you please send me information on glass in areas of n out any of these roles but it is fair to the various forms of attack, before task force suggested for roles 1, 2, 3 laximum strength plus recommending to Government the the Priesthood and the requirements built-in buoyancy say that the community pays its de­ and 5 would meet the requirement, needed? fence taxes with the main aim of allocation of defence funds and re­ provided it was able to move and The Deck is reinfc )rced throughout with having maritime, ground and air de­ sources to the three arms of the fight within hours. Defence Force; the maritime, the air I Name integrally bonde d Balsa-Core to give fence forces available to carry out My views on the role and struc­ role 4. defence and the land forces. Un­ added buoyancy, strengt h and insulation fortunately this logical process does ture of the Army to meet the ul­ If this contention is accepted, it Address All deck and workin g surfaces are not seem to take place. timate — the invasion of Australia moulded in non-skid for crew safety follows, I think, that the other four — while logical to me, will prove roles should be met by those forces The conceivable forms of external contentious. attack are: Age.. | supplied by the taxpayer for role 4 But before starting let me make — defence against external attack — (a) Missile attacks on our cities. two definitions. In this letter when I

Page Twelve THE NAVY Feb/M»rch/AprH, 1978 Feb/March/Aprll, 1978 THE NAVY Page Thirteen refer to Maritime Forces I mean If Australia is not prepared to re­ because once we have lost the abili­ naval and air forces, both land and apportion its defence expenditure to ty to move equipment by sea (a sea based, which can operate and acquire and maintain sufficient consequence of losing control of fight at long distances from our maritime forces to retain control of the sea) there is so much of our coasts. They are very mobile and the sea, the ability of the Army to country that is almost inacessible to CENTRE CYCLE are available for operations within repel a large scale invasion and the Army and its necessary ad­ hours; and when I refer to Control therefore the structure and role of ministrative and logistic tail. of the Sea I mean the ability to use the permanent army is a matter for As I sea it, if Australia ia ever suc­ the oceans around Australia and the debate. cessfully invaded the only way by air above them for our own Taking into account the fact that which we would force an enemy to purposes and generally to deny an enemy with control of the sea withdraw would be to harass him SHOP their use to an enemy. Control of would be able to choose the place by means of guerilla land forces un­ the sea can never be absolute. It will or places where an invasion would til the cost of the invasion was more always be possible, no matter how occur, the very long coastline of than its successful completion waa large our maritime forces, for an Australia, the lack of roads, worth. The guerilla land forces I Local Agents for the Famous SPEEDWELL CYCLES enemy to have temporary or limited railways, ports or aerodromes have in mind would be the men and control of an area. around much of this coastline, and women of Australia trained by a All Types of Accessories Carried While we have control of the sea, our comparatively small population, small regular Army, issued with the Repairs — Top Quality Cycles Sold invasion is not possible. Converse­ I do not believe that we can weapons needed for guerilla Backed by our Full After Sales Service ly, once we have lost control of the possibly maintain a regular army warfare and prepared to fight and if sea, we cannot, by our own efforts large enough to repel an invader necessary die for our country. regain it because of the lack of a once he has been able to land in It is a desperate concept which sufficient industrial base to build force. Such an invader, with control would be unnecessary if sufficient maritime equipment and because of of the sea, could resuppry his forces people understood the realities of REAR OF BUFFALO HALL the very long time it takes to build with ease and could make other defending our country and insisted or acquire such equipment. landings at other places. Converse­ that our Government provided I believe therefore that, provided ly, I reiterate, without control of the enough maritime forces to ensure LEICHHARDT TCE, ALICE SPRINGS our maritime forces can control the sea, an enemy would be limited to that Australia maintained control of landing very small raiding parties. sea around Australia, there is no re­ our seas Yours sincerely. quirement for a regular army struc­ Is there any other way that we (Sgd) RICHARD PEEK Phone: 52 1238 tured to fight an invading force. The could repel an invader? Would a VICE ADMIRAL very large citizen military force, implications of this view on our de­ SIR RICHARD PEEK. fence planning are widespread but I trained by the regular army, have do not think that this letter is the ap­ any more chance of success than a Dear Sir, propriate place to detail them. regular army? I do not think so. I would draw your attention to the third paragraph of the article August-September-October, 1977 SUBSCRIPTION FORM Edition, "Navy Weak in Australia" W. C. PRONGER To "The Navy", — p. 16 and in particlar, the last two 26 Wesson Road, West Pennant Hills, sentences: "The 21st October com­ NSW, 2120. Australia. memorates the 172nd anniversary I enclose $5.25 being 'subscription to "The Navy" magazine of the victory of the Battle of within Australia for IV. years (refer notes below). Trafalgar. Fought in the Atlantic, off the southern coast of Spain, it was & SONS PTY LTD Name. the last great Naval bottle to be fought under sail alone." • Aluminium* Timber Joinery • Glass Supplied — Cut to Size* Builders' Street As the ex fleet Air, Arm and Naval Hardware • Cabinet Makers * Built-in Furniture Specialists • Steel Fabricators Historian from 1970-73 and author • Shop Fronts Suburb of a number of naval books may I point out that the last major fleet State Postcode. action under sail waa the Battle of Navarino in 1827. when a combined Head Office and Factory: Date British-French-Russian fleet under (Please Print Clearly) the command of Admiral Sir Edward Codington attacked the 35 NASH ST, GYMPIE, OLD Please make cheques, postal orders or money orders payable to "The Navy Turkish fleet which waa proposing to quell a rebellion in Greece. With Subscriptions commence in January of each year and a subscription Phone: Gympie 82 2133 very small losses the Allied fleet reminder notice is forwarded to current subscribers — Annual sank some fifty Turkish vessels Subscription (Australian Dollara) within Australia $3.00 — Beyond causing 4000 casualties, and effec­ NOOSAVILLE STORE: Eumundi Road. Phone: Twntn 47 1696 Australia $6.00 (sea mail) — $9.00 (air mail). CALOUNDRA STORE: Bowman Road. Phone: Clndra 91 1927 tively prevented the Turks from * Persons within Australia commencing subscriptions to "The Navy" crushing the rebellion. CALOUNDRA ALUMINIUM WINDOW FACTORY: magazine during the quarter commencing APRIL (ia, sub for 1% years) should remit $5.25; JULY (sub for IV, years) $4.50; and Yours faithfully, Caloundra Road. Phone Clndra 91 3165 OCTOBER (sub for 1'/. years) $3.75. LT. CMDR. MICHAEL APPS, RAN.

Page Fourteen THE NAVY Feb/March/Aprll. 1978 Feb/March/Aprll, 1978 THE NAVY Page Fifteen ;

With the Compliments of The Strategic Need for a New Carrier RINNAI (WA) PT\r LTD Recently, the RAN issued an Invitation to Register In­Unquestionably, we need and will terest in Assisting in the Project Investigation of Possiblecontinu e to need aircraft with not Aircraft Carriers for the Royal Australian Navy. This isonl y current but more capabilities, to the end of this century and beyond. available for anyone to read and, no doubt, has been seenTh e armed threat Australia is Contractors and Suppliers to the Royal A ustralian by many Members of the Navy League. most likely to face is from sub­ Navy, Garden Island, West Australia. Distri jutors of *m§ The ITR is of great interest in so marines. Nor is this a threat from Commercial Kitchen, Catering and Bar Equ pment far as it sets out the various types which we can count on receiving •"•»« and sizes of ships and aircraft that By: several years' notice. Regional will be examined by the RAN in its powers — not only potentially search for e new carrier. A. W. GRAZEBROOK hostile super powers — have sub­ However, the ITR does not seek to marines and weapons now. Were explain the broader strategic and practical factors that lie behind the search. It is this that the writer of RINNAI (WA) PTY LTD this article seeks to do for members im* of the Navy League. 163 High Road, Willetton, WA l«i^ S As is well known, the life of Telephone: 457 1166 HMAS MELBOURNE cannot economically be extended beyond 1986. Of course, MELBOURNE herself is only part of a system to deliver to an operational area, and use e number of weapons systems. The ship carries and controls the weapons: A view of our HYDRAULIC PIPE BENDER • SKYHAWK A4 ground support, used on the replacement of the SEA WA TER air defence and anti-ship strike COOLING SYSTEM for HMAS MORESBY aircraft. using Copper-Nickel Alloy Piping and • TRACKER S2E and S2G medium installed to the exacting revised RAN range anti-submarine aircraft. • SEA KING Mark 50 ASW helicop­ Specifications. ters. • WESSEX 31B general duty We have recently completed the conversion helicopters. of a Naval Oil Fueling installation, including Not the least of the advantages of pumps and 300 mm pipeline (X-rayed joints). MELBOURNE is the way in which an Operational Authority can select her aircraft complement to suit the task of individual operations. There are sufficient aircraft of each type in LYONSi & PEIRCE service with the Fleet Air Arm to provide a complement for either the 4 COLLINGWOOD STRE ET OSBORNE PARK, WA, 6017 ASW, or the strike, or the mufti-role PHO NE 446 4222 operation. HAWTHORN, WA, 6016 When considering whether PO BOX 110, Ml MELBOURNE is to be replaced, the basic questions are: CONTRACTO RS & CONSULTANTS • Will we continue to need the Design and Installatio n of all types PIPING SYSTEMS carrier's combat capabilities — her aircraft? HMAS MELBOURNE, flagship of the RAN hading unit* of the float into • If yea, how do we deliver them Sydney Harbour. Following Melbourne is the Daring daws destroyer HMAS Contractors to Department:s of Construction and Defence (Navy) to the combat area, and control VAMPIRE and the Charles F. Adams class destroyers HA Ships PERTH and them when we get them there? BRISBANE.

Page Sixteen THE NAVY Feb/March/April, 197S Feb/March/Aprll, 1»78 THE NAVY p. •

those regional powers so inclined, we could receive weeks, not veers, of notice. Furthermore, this threat is not confined to our northern ap­ proaches. M can be applied to any of Macmillans Transport Australia's maritime trade routes — coastal or international, both on the broad oceans and in the confined approaches to Australia's north. In these circumstances, the need is undoubted for aircraft to fill the Pty Ltd following rotes: • Short and medium range ASW. • Defence for our war and merchant ships against LRMP, LIVESTOCK AND GENERAL TRANSPORT reconnaissance, and the relative­ ly low performance antiship Local, Intrastate and Interstate strike aircraft that regional powers either have now or Safe, reliable transport of your goods assured whose technological capability will allow them to operate. A Sea Harrier VSTOL aircraft. • Aircraft to strike hostile surface craft — both the ocean going • Working from, and controlled tion in Maritime Defence would warships and surface-to-surface tactically by, a larger number of claim that there is no place in Augusta Street, Surat, Qld guided weapon and torpedo smaller ships. Australia's maritime defence for armed fast attack craft in the A number of factors will influence shore based aircraft. The RAAF's possession of regional powers. the choice. As is usual with most ORION P3B and P3C long range options in almost every aspect of maritime petrol aircraft make in­ Enquiries: Phone Surat 28 • The provision of ground support life — personal, business or military valuable contributions to the anti­ for the relatively small bodies of — the advantages of each option submarine warfare team. But they Australian troops that would will be offset to varying degrees by cannot do the whole job. Smaller have to fight ashore in the re­ disadvantages, it is the balance of more manoeuvrable aircraft, in very moter parts of Australia or our these factors that will be decisive: close tactical co-ordination with islands. surface ships, are needed. • Cost Types of aircraft available (from In theory, aircraft with these three • Freedom of Deployment. capabilities could be delivered to any source) to fill the shorter • Vulnerability of the Base. DUNLITE the combat area, and controlled ranged ASW roles are relatively • Effectiveness of tactical control. there, in one of three ways: small in size. Their range is relative' • Effectiveness of the aircraft and ly limited. As a result, if they were Contract Suppliers to Telecom Australia • Working from, and controlled their weapons. to be based ashore, there would tactically by, bases ashore. have to be a far greater number of • Working from, and controlled SHORE BASED AIR? fully equipped airfields around * DIESEL GENERATING EQUIPMENT tactically by, a relatively few Firstly, h is highly unlikely that Australia. This is not simply a mat­ larger ships. anyone now holding a sunior posi- ter of length and strength of runway * PORTABLE POWER PACKS — a very limiting factor in itself. it ALTERNATORS Whilst there are a number of • DC MOTORS AND BATTERY CHARGERS airfields with runways suitable for handling TRACKERS {probably the most versatile ASW aircraft in this regard), much would have to be done to operate in the ASW role For Further Details, Supplies and Quotes, Contact . even the TRACKER from these small airfields. Equipment and buildings DUNLITE would be needed for maintenance, fuel, ammunition and living accom­ modation. 79 Carnarvon St, Auburn, NSW To provide sufficient airfields of the right capability, very substantial Phone: 648 4388 sums would have to be spent even to bring them up to the standards Head Office: Dunlite, Osmond Street, Hind marsh, SA needed for the operation and main­ Phone: 46 3832 tenance of the TRACKERS. This would be much more signifi­ A flight of Skyhawks from HMAS MELBOURNE. cant in the case of the RAAF's

PaoeElQhteen THE NAVY Feb /March/ April. 1878 Feb/March/Aprll.1878 THE NAVY Page Nineteen VULNERABILITY OF BASES In some circles, much has been \ made of the so called vulnerability V ORMAI. D of the aircraft carrier. Clearly, no base is totally invulnerable, whether INTE RNA TIC NAL (AUST) PTY LIMITED that base be floating, on land or in the air — even tanker aircraft re­ FIRE PF *OTE CT ION ENGINEE.R S SINCE 1889 quire cover or they are in danger of being destroyed before they can re­ Con lplete pre itection against ever y fire risk fuel combat aircraft. Wormald Autor nati c Sprinkler and Fire Alarm Systems In this context, certain general Wate r Sprjly - - Foam C02 anc iHa on System points are relevant to the Australian Dry( 2he tiical and Foam Sys terns scene: Fire Tru sks — Tenders --Pu mps • An airfield base is necessarily of fixed position — an enemy W orrr aid Fire Extingilish e rs knows where to hit you to F re Hose & Fittin gs destroy your base. Secu rity Si3rv i ces • Thermal Man TI Systems • Before striking at a carrier, an A Sea King Mk SO helicopter of the RAN. These submarine hunter chop enemy must ascertain the posi­ pers were acquired during 197S to replace the Westland Wessex machines tion of his target. Even when one of which is in the background. located, a carrier can take 647 0111 evasive action. MIRAGES — even if they were to be the very high degree of tactical inte­ • In general, the larger the ship, available in sufficient numbers and gration that can be achieved the more effective damage con­ with suitable weapons to provide between these two types of 44 7 WfI L LIAMSTOV VN ROAD trol measures that can be built aircover for Australia's war and seaborne aircraft and submarines into her. \ merchant ships in our maritime ap­ and maritime surface units. >ORT l VIELBOUR NE ,VIC proaches. A number of new first Practical experience in Britain has class fully equipped airfields would shown that it is extremely difficult, be needed. Much the same must be if not impossible, to achieve an ac­ THEAIRCRAFT said of any potential replacement ceptable degree of tactical integra­ ARE AVAILABLE for the MIRAGES. tion between shore based aircraft, As has been mentioned earlier, it The 22 F111s in service with the controlled by another Service, and is manifestly necessary to ensure RAAF have markedly greater range maritime surface and undersea un­ that aircraft, capable both of operat­ than the MIRAGES. To provide the its. It was this very factor that finally ing from a carrier and performing &se Fleet with the type of cover the roles envisaged, will be availa­ convinced the British Government necessary to meet threats, the that the RAF could not provide the ble for the new ship both when she DIESELS armament of the F111s would have British Fleet with satisfactory tac­ enters service and during later to be modified. The first class tical air cover. It is reliably reported periods of her life- nuBTRnuci airfields at Learmonth, Pearce and that the decision to go ahead with Whatever type of carrier Australia Suppliers c tfPro put sion & Auxiliar yHi gh Performance Darwin would have to be fully the SEA HARRIER VSTOL aircraft gets, it is unlikely she will be able to equipped for operating Fills — a project was the direct result of a operate the TRACKERS. It is possi­ Die'selE ngi nes to Navies ofth e World major investment. major NATO exercise in the North ble that she will be able to operate Furthermore, both the MIRAGES Sea, during which RAF F4s failed to the SKYHAWKS, and virtually cer­ I I and Fills were purchased to fill locate the maritime surface forces in tain that she will be able to operate 1 certain roles for the RAAF. Air cover need of air cover. the SEA KING ASW helicopters. DORMAN BAU.DOUIN for the Australian Fleet and PAXMAN Whilst it may well be relevant, Thus, initially some, but not all, Colchester Stafford Marseilles maritime trade were not amongst British experience is not necessarily the new' ship's aircraft would be these roles. If either type were to be conclusive. There is a major dif­ available after MELBOURNE'S re­ RUS on KEL /IN suitable for these roles, more would ference between the British North tirement. In later years, SEA HAR­ N twton-l l-Wil owl Cloi gow be needed if sufficient aircraft were Sea NATO Environment and the RIERS would be available from to be available for the extra tasks. Australian scene — distance, ft is Britain (or similar types from the Operational and tactical control this aspect that highlights the im­ US) to fill the role now played by arrangements would have to be portance of reaction time and the the SKYHAWKS. Sc)ldai nd Serviced in / ius tralia by reviewed to ensure the tactical advantages of a mobile base. Even integration and reaction times Looking further ahead, the US if our Fleet were to be within range Navy has embarked on a VSTOL necessary to ensure the safety of of a major air base, the time taken maritime trade and warships. aircraft development programme. ME -BO URNE: 544 834 4 P ERTH: 65 4844 for aircraft to get to the scene of ac­ This will embody both strike aircraft &&C tion would exceed substantially the and ASW aircraft. «7*i>%- SYC>N E Y:433114 / VDEI AIDE: 71 7971 TACTICAL INTEGRA TION time taken for ship-borne aircraft to AND REACTION TIME Thus, whilst proven aircraft are arrive on the scene. A mobile base available in the short term, future DIESELS BRI SBA NE: 52 4421 DA RWIN: 84 3520 One of the great advantages of can be moved to the scene of the nusTiniun generations are under development TRACKER and SKYHAWK aircraft is action, whereas a fixed base cannot. by our allies.

Feb/Merch/April, 1978 Page Twenty THE NAVY FetXMarch/April, 1978 THE NAVY Page Twenty-One , ...... ,. ,... - . ..-._ . DEPLOYMENT OPTIONS — more fully equipped shore tion of Western Australia on 30th BIG SHIPS OR airfields or, much more likely, a September, 1977: costly combination of the three. "I read in yesterday's FINANCIAL LITTLE SHIPS? • The cost of a new carrier would REVIEW in an article headed NAVY We read much of the "advantages be spread over five or more BATTLES CARRIERS' DEMISE NYLANDER of cheeper smaller ships". There are years. where the inference is made that, certain manifest advantages of a Very little money was spent on when I waa Chairman of the Chiefs number of smaller ships — they can naval construction during the de­ of Staff Committee, I supported the be each in different places at a cade ending in 1977. Failure to idea of transferring the TRACKERS given time, whereas one larger ship ensure an ongoing balanced and SKYHAWKS to the RAAF and can be in only one place at one naval construction programme mentioned the relatively large por­ BODY WORKS time. has necessitated a relatively tion of naval personnel involved in However, it is substantially er­ large construction programme the Fleet Air Arm. The statements roneous to assume that smaller during the period 1978 81 attributed to me do not by any ships are necessarily the cheapest However, the majority of this means tell the full story of that For All Expert Spray Painting and way to fill a given role. The well programme will be paid for by meeting of the Defence Force known advantages of the economy the time the major costs of the Development Committee. The of scale operate to the advantage of new carrier programme are in­ minutes of these meetings are quite Panel Beating the bigger ship. It is manifest that a curred. rightly classified; however, in view ship does not need twice the size of There is one further very signifi­ of what has been published, I feel hull, engines, crew etc to carry cant aspect of the cost of a new car­ that in justice I should tell you that twice the number of aircraft. This rier in particular and of defence in at this meeting I did say, following Phone Ross or Dennis point also applies to tactical control general. In some circles, it is as­ up suggestions which were being equipment. sumed that there is an upper limit floated, there might be certain on Darwin 81 5173 Initially at least, the Navy is seek­ to defence expenditure, and that advantages in transferring the ing the smallest size of the ship that this upper limit cannot be exceeded SKYHAWKS, etc, but I believed the can achieve a reasonable economy in any circumstances. whole matter required very careful 3 NYLANDER ST, DARWIN, NT of scale. If the Navy is denied a new ft is clearly very dangerous to as­ objective study. carrier, a number of new large sume that defence expenditure can­ "My view has always been, as I escorts will be needed to deploy the not be allowed to rise above its pre­ have stated tonight, that I have seen ASW helicopters essential to effec­ sent level, particularly at the end of no argument to date which con­ PO Box 818 tive defence of trade against sub­ a ten year virtual holiday in naval vinces me that the Navy should not marine attack. construction. There are many who continue to have its organic COST would argue that money must be airpower, but I would not imply that found to meet threats, if necessary a future seaborne air platform In some sections of the general at the expense of other budgets. should necessarily have the same CANNON POOL TABLES MANUFACTURED BY media, we read that the cost of a functions as MELBOURNE." new carrier would be unacceptably NEED RECOGNISED Later in the same address. Ad­ high and that it could not be accom­ The need for the continued miral Smith said, "Obviously Aus­ modated within the defence budget. availability of seaborne maritime tralia's defence needs change with Whilst it is undeniable that the airpower, fully integrated tactically time and although the lessons of cost of a carrier is a large sum, with the rest of our maritime forces, history should never be neglected, there are certain other factors that is widely recognised in maritime de­ nothing is more fatal than to try and MILLS should be taken into account: fence circles, not least amongst the make history repeat itself. But the • We need the operational aircraft Navy's Senior Officers. Fleet Air Arm for which we believe capability. In this context, it is appropriate to there is a continuing need has I • ff we have no carrier, we will incorporate extracts from an ad­ think as important a part to play in need either more aircraft, or dress given by Admiral Sir Victor the future as ever it had in the BILLIARD SUPPLIES past" longer ranged aircraft, or many Smith to the Fleet Air Arm Associa­ Table Manufacturers and Importers to the Trade and Public R. & G. M. & D. R. EDWARDS GENERAL CARRIERS 122 GIBSON ST, AYR, OLD Sand, Soil and Gravel Supplies — Read Mixed Concrete Phone: Ayr 83 2065 ANZAC STREET, SARIN A, OLD Phone: Sarins 56 1271, 56 1578 (all hours)

Feb/March/Aprll. 1978 THE NAVY P»ge Tw«nty-Thr«« THE NAVY AlbfllMWAp* 1WI Page Twenty-Two IMt ™AVT

• High Speed Oil-defence Boat

Nokia SUP Spiiibooms. produced Beam 212cm, Draft with outboard A new oil-defence boat — by The Cable Works Division of OY motor down 55cm, Maximum load The Vator 18T — developed NOKIA AB. are made of a PVC- 500kg) carries a crew of 3 or 4. She by Vator Oy, of Helsinki, in coated fabric enclosing floats of has a trimaran GRP hull with a polythene foam and either cockpit floor of water-resistant association with the Finnish galvanised chain ballast or iron plywood. The 120 hp or 140 hp Board of Navigation, can be sinkers. The SUP 90 x 25 Rapid MerCruiser remotely-controlled driven at 30 knots to the Spillboom provides a single-wall electric/hydraulic stern drive* scene of an oil spill and barrier, while the SUP 75 x 25 Super engine, with Prop-Jet exhaust quickly surround the Spillboom opens out into a tube of through the propeller hub, is built triangular cross-section, point up from corrosion-resistant "XK" polluted area, or protect a down, the latter shape works aluminium castings. The engine is nearby beach or harbour, particularly well in fast-flowing fitted to a through-bolted transom with a floating plastic barrier water. The SUP Permanent plate, with waterline working known as a "Spillboom". Spillboom, intended for continuous platforms on either side. The service in oil berths and harbours, propeller has a shock absorbing F„5 The boat carries 200 metres has additional floats and detachable rubber hub (with splined connection of boom which can be sinkers, making it easier to haul to the drive shaft) which protects launched at 10 metres per ashore for maintenance. the transmission from damage by minute. The VATOR 18T (OAL 564cm. underwater impacts.

Keel of New RAN Ship Laid

The RAN's first guided missile frigate, to be named HMAS Adelaide (FFG-17), began taking shape at the Todd Shipyards Cor­ poration shipbuilding yard in Seattle, USA. In the modern day equivalent of a keel laying ceremony the first prefabricated 40 tonne section of the ship was lifted into place on the building slipway. Several other sections of the ship are nearing completion and will shortly be lifted into place alongside the first section and welded together. At a ceremony to mark the occasion the Australian Naval Attache in Washington, Commodore R. G. Loosli, said the occasion was very significant for the RAN. "It is nearly 12 years since the Australian Navy has had the keel of a destroyer or a frigate laid for us," he said. HMAS Adelaide is scheduled to be handed over to the RAN in August, 1980, and will arrive in Australia to Join the Fleet the A crane lifts the first 40 tonne section of HMAS ADELAIDE Into piece on following year. F.f J the building slipway.

THE NAVY Feb/March/April, 1978 Feb/Mareh/Aprll, 1878 THE NAVY Page Tw«ity-Ftv» For the BEST p ook reviews in MOBILE A TEN BAND CAR RADIO CASSETTE JANES FIGHTING SHIPS 1977/78 Apart from extensive revision, updating of the text, and numerous new photographs, the editor has in­ MUSIC... Edited by Captain John E. Moon J From corporated a very useful new feature — a "Major PuMshed by Janes Y..rtx»ks. London Surface Ships Pennant List" in international numerical order. Thus HMAS YARRA (46) is listed alongside USS UK Price £27.50 (- A$44.00) DEWEY (DDG46), the British frigate MINERVA (F46) Australian Price A$80 approx. and the new Brazilian DDH LIBERAL (F45). This ia a very practical aid to recognition by pennant number, # Reviewed by: A. W. GRAZEBROOK and a significant improvement for the practical user of Now in the editorial chair for some five years, John the book. WESMAC Moore has established firmly hit independent reputa­ John Moore has assumed responsibility for editing tion aa a major (if not the major) independant authority the US Section. It remains to be seen whether he in­ in naval matters and aa editor of the world's premier tends continuing to shoulder this major additional naval reference work. The 1977/78 edition further con­ burden, which was previously borne by Norman solidates John Moore's reputation and position. Polmar. Improvements in the US Section include a 269 Alma St, Rockhampton, Old Aa we have come to expect, Janes foreword is an "bar chart" illustrating the anticipated life of US CVs, informative summary of world naval developments and a final standardisation of the format of US Section during the past year. with those of the rest of the world. Phone: 2 3959 Although the past year hes seen him named A plan and elevation of the projected new US DDG47 personally by Moscow as "imperialist lackey", the type are of particular interest. In spite of their much editor once again draws attention to the growing greater displacement — a colossal 9055 tona full load L maritime strength of the world's major totalitarian — these ships bear more than a superficial re­ power, supplementing these remarks with an objective semblance to the SPRUANCE Class. The key recogni­ assessment of Russian naval personnel problems tion point is the height of the funnels. Those of the For really fast service on SPARE PARTS (basically those disadvantages of manning by con­ DDG47 are much shorter than those of SPRUANCE. scription), deployment matters, bases, etc. DDG47 funnels reach only to the top of the superstruc­ The present editor has imparted a human touch to a ture, a difference from the SPRUANCE which may well GET ON THE PHONE TO AUGATHELLA 37 (AH 111) book whose subject tends naturally to be somewhat not survive the practicalities of the first period of sea and speak to Phil Salmon dry. Thus, this year's edition includes a spirited de­ trials. fence (perhaps one should say counter attack upon There is a launch view of OLIVER HAZARD PERRY — critics) of reference to political matters. We find some due to commission on 28 October, 1977. devastating quotations from Winston Churchill, and the caption of the photo of HMS "BLAKE with friends" In smaller craft, the US Navy continues a steady — the latter a clearly identifiable KRIVAX replenishing decline. MCM forces dwindle, whilst there is no iden­ Augathella Motors from astern of a (civilian clad) AOR. tifiable progress over new MCM craft. The number of ASHEVILLE Class PGs in service is down from 16 to 11. Australia is described as having "emerged from a' AUGATHELLA, OLD period of belief in man's good nature to plan a navy The Indian Navy continues to grow, as is evidenced capable of defending their 16,000 milea of coastline." A by the commissioning of the first two NANUCHKA type .plan we may have but the Australian Section of the SSGW and point defence anti-aircraft miasila armed book shows disappointingly little progress towards im­ 860 ton 30 knot corvettes, more OSA (improved type II) GMH Dealers for Augathella and District plementing that plan with firm orders. The two new SSGW armed fast attack craft, and landing craft. There frigates feature, as does TOBRUK. Details of other la a most informative photo of the Type 12 frigate plana are given. Australian readers will, no doubt, wish TALWAR with three STYX SSN 2 launchers fitted in the editor — ably assisted by Sydney's Graeme An­ place of the 4.5 inch gun mounting. The advertisement Windscreen service - all popular makes stocked and fitted drews —r had been able to record firm orders. All too section of the book includes a photo of the new AOE frequently, delays are obvious. Thus HMAS COOK, the SHAKTI, fitted with the new extendable hangar similar first ship launched for the RAN for five years, is listed to that shown in the Indian built LEANDERS. The editor COMPLETE RANGE OF EVEREADY BATTERIES ON HAND aa "launched 1976" whereas she did not actually take records "India's refusal to admit to any increase in her rv- IM =o»nt f„r Dunloo IBC Tyres and batteries and Olympic batteries - agents the water until August 1977. TOBRUK is shown aa Fleet". For two year* running India's Defence Minister "work planned to start in mid 1977" but, according to (Bansi Lai last year and the new Government's Jag- D.stnct agent <°'£?™%™'^^ appliances - Flick agents the Minister for Defence in the Parliament in Sep­ ji van Ram this year) have proclaimed greatly increased tember 1977, his Department was "still examining ten naval budgets and the need for a stronger Navy This 24-HOUR TOWING SERVICE dent". year, Jagjivan Ram advocated local construction of

Feb/M»rch/ April, Wt Feb/March/ April, 1976 THE NAVY Pag* Twenty-Sevan THE NAVY Page Twenty-Six WARSHIPS OF AUSTRALIA graphs interspersed with many five colour studies. A large percentage of both categories have been chosen By: ROSS GILLETT from private collections and I believe, have not pre­ Illustrations by: COLIN GRAHAM viously been published. Interest is further enhanced by the inclusion of some very accurate coloured ship- Review by Shamotordt profile drawings of a standard seldom seen in this type Published by Rigby Ltd of book. Scale live drawings of principal vessels 296 Pages including Index of Ships abound on many pages along with several reproduc­ tions of marine paintings. After having read some of this author's earlier articles I awaited his first full-size book with more than I can find very little fault with this book. Those few mild anticipation. As it turned out, I was not to be criticisms I could make are very mioor and do not disappointed. I can however say that, taken overall, detract from its obvious worth, so they will remain un- this is one of the finest and most complete works on mentioned. ft is a small point, perhaps, and one that is this subject that I have encountered. mostly ignored when reviewing a book; but the fact remains that this book is very pleasant to actually Mr Gillett has covered the entire spectrum of handle. It is solidly and well bound and makes use of Australia's naval endeavours from the earliest days of find quality paper that is emminently suitable for good the fledgling colonies to the present day when, in photographic reproduction and which feels good as qualitative terms, we now have ships and men that are well. second to none. Whilst the book quite properly de­ votes a vast amount of its content to photographs and In these days of uncertain national economies, the illustrations (of which more later); the remaining his­ publishers are to be commended for printing this fine torical and narrative text is succinctly very accurate, in­ book in Australia and not overseas; a situation which, The first of a new dass of ship, guided missife frigates, commissioned last December. The ship was 07, the USS formative and easy to read. These qualities are more unfortunately, has become more the rule then the ex­ OLIVER HAZARD PERRY, lead ship of the class of frigates to be introduced into the RAN. The PERRY is the important than ever nowadays when big and glossy ception. This has, no doubt, been partly responsible for prototype and in recent trials has tested new systems such as the single control/able pitch propellor and complex coffee-table "histories" on any given subject are the not inconsiderable price being asked for this work. gas turbines. The ships wilf be armed with anti-aircraft and anti-ship missiles, a 76 mm gun and armed plentiful, with their written contents often incomplete, or, at the worst, promoting saleability at the expense Nevertheless, I heartily commend the book to helicopters. Work on Australia's first two guided missile frigates — HMA Ships ADELAIDE and CANBERRA has anyone, be they mariner, landsman or student, whose of accuracy. already commenced in Seattle, USA, with delivery expected late in J980. Work on a third ship for the RAN to cost interest in the history and present day activities of our $250 m will begin in 1979 with delivery expected during late 1982. The illustrative content of the book is excellent and Navy would only be rewarded by having this volume consists mainly of high quality black and white photo­ readily available in their library. tion on one aspect of naval development which offers submarines, the acquisition of carrier borne VSTOL an opportunity for an improvement next year — an aircraft, and so on. aspect of particular appeal to jouranlists. That is, new Few details are available of the 1500 ton CODOG designs of commercial origin for which no orders have With the Compliments of:- driven fast frigates the Dutch are building for the In­ yet been placed. donesians. The new submarines building in Germany Thus there is no mention of the Vosper Thornycroft are noted, as are the 250 ton 50 knot SSGW armed fast HARRIER CARRIER, or the Vickers Vedette, and the CRYSTAL WATERS Radio Controlled. North & South of th« River attack craft under construction in South Korea. numerous other designs that are being promoted by There is substantial new information in the Japanese warship builders from many nations. A journalist One of Perth's Longest Established & Most Reliable Specialists in Section, including first details of the new types of needs to be able to look up (say) the Vickers Vedette, • AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL SYSTEMS FROM WELLS, BORES OR SCHEME IN HYORAULIC OR frigates, the big new improved UZUSHIO Class sub­ and not rely on having to collect a mass of promo­ ELECTRIC • SOLE WA DISTRIBUTORS OF TORO AND AMES TURF WATERING EQUIPMENT AND marines and the AOE — the last another indication of growing JMSDF interest in oceangoing support ships. tional brochures. AUTOMATIC TIMING EQUIPMENT • CONSULTANTS AND PLANNERS FOR DO-IT-YOURSELF For decades, regular users of Janes have argued for All in all, a very good Janes indeed with several ma­ INSTALLERS and against fewer photos and more plans and eleva­ jor improvements and a mass of new information. The Engineers — Architects — Developers — Domestic Reticulation tions of ships. The ideal would be both — but cost book continues to be of absorbing interest to pro­ HIRE DIVISION — WELL SINKING EQUIPMENT — TRENCHING MACHINES must limit space. In this reviewer's view, plans and fessionals and enthusiasts, a necessity to journalists Member National Well Association of WA _.,-._, „,.„.-„ nnm, »a i m elevat-ons are preferable to blurred photos or photos and essential not only to naval but also to other service Contractors to the RAN 46 SHORT STREET. PERTH. taken from unrevealing angles. However, there is personnel. nothing to beat a good broadside photograph. This is perhaps best exemplified by the page in this year's book devoted to the new British anti-submarine cruisers INVINCIBLE and ILLUSTRIOUS. There is a (fine TALWOOD HOTEL With our Compliments to the Royal Australian Navy on the port bow) launch view of INVINCIBLE, an artisf s (CHARLES COOPER — Licensee) impression which we have seen before, and a photo of a model. A plan and elevation would be far more in­ MAIN STREET, formative. TALWOOD, QLD 4322. J. & W. Bateman Ltd The advertisements in the front of the book can be • Good homely accommodation • Excellent very informative — thus the photo of the new Indian dining room • Icy cold beer on tap • Full range 47 HENRY STREET, FREMANTLE, WA AOE SHAKTI {which does not appear in the Indian Sec­ of wines and spirits stocked in our bottle dept tion), views of a number of newer craft, and details of * Tasty counter lunches served daily, 12 noon to Phone: 335 4444 types offered on a commercial basis. Ing. Lubeck's ad­ 1.30 pm — teas, 6 pm to 7.30 pm vertisement illustrates superbly the world submarine West Australian Distributors ofAinslies Scotch Whisky boom. Iubeck alone has designed no less than 76 Phone: Talwood 5 submarines for 13 navies, in recent years. The advertisements are the only source of informa­

-rue wAuv Feb/March/Aprtl, 1978 Feb/M«rch/Aprll.1978 THE NAVY Page Twenty-Eight THE NAVY P»\HTw»rn>Nln«j "The Civilian Arm RAYCHEM of the Navy" THE RECOGNISED SUPPLIER OF MILITARY SPECIFICATION The principal objective of the Navy this knowledge will form a valuable DIVISIONS HEATSHRINKABLE MATERIALS, HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATION League of Australia is to stress the reserve for the Naval Service. New South Wales — Box 1719. vital importance of Sea Power to the We invite you to swell our ranks GPO. Sydney. 2001. & HIGH PERFORMANCE WIRE & CABLE Commonwealth of Nations and the and so keep up to date with Maritime Victoria — Box 227. Post Office. If you have a requirement, RAYCHEM are the experts in this field important role played by the Royal Affairs to help to build an ever- Hawthorn. 3122 Australian Navy. increasing weight of informed public Queensland — 780 Gympie Road. opinion. The Navy League will then Chermslde. 4032. A full range of these materials is currently being used by the Australian Defence The League supports the Naval become widely known and exercise Tasmania — 24 Clementina Forces and are identified and available on Defence Microfiche Reserve Cadets who are an important influence in the life of Street, Launceston, 7250. For expert attention by RAYCHEM engineers and for Specifications with Defence administered by the Royal Australian the Australian Nation. South Australia — 9 Albert Place. Stock Indent, Number Cross Reference, please contact your local RAYCHEM office Navy, which Service provides The League consists of Fellows and Camden Park. 5038. technical sea training for boys who Associates. All British subjects who Western Australia — Box 735. PO. intend to serve in the Naval or Head Office: support the objectives of the League Fremantle. 6160. Merchant Services, also to those sea- are eligible for membership. Australian Captial Territory — 66 minded boys, who do not intend to Members receive copies of the BradfleM Street. Downer, ACT, RAYCHEM PTY LIMITED follow a sea career, but who given League's magazine "The Navy". 2602. 25 EUSTON STREET, RYDALMERE, NSW 2116 THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA (02) 638 6363-7997 Application for Membership To: The Secretary, Branch Offices: The Navy League of Australia. Rear 2020 Logan Road, Upper Mount Gravatt, Old 4122 — (07) 3431078 < Division). Sir. Suite 16,219-221 Balaclava Road, Caulfield North, Vic 3161 — (03) 528 3955 I am desirous of becoming a Member of the Navy I cague of Australia with whose objects I am in sympathy. (Mr) Name (Mrs) (Miss) (Rank) Tents & Camping Gear Please Print Clearly. Street Suburb. A Complete Range of Army Surplus Goods, Firearms and Accessories Slate Postcode Homewares and General Hardware, Power Tools Signature Dale For All Your Camping Requirements Enclosed is a remittance for $6.00 being my first annual subscription.

AFTER COMPLETION. THIS FORM SHOULD BE DISPATCHED TO YOUR DIVISIONAL WALKER'S HARDWARE SECRETARY NOTE LIST^F^p^R^SESABOVE Phone: Alice Springs 521233 For that man size meal that really fills that man ... After Hours: Alice Springs 21516 CUP 'N' SAUCER SNACK BAR PO Box 113, Alice Springs Winnellie Road, Winnellie NT 5789 Telephone: 84 3171 (STD 089) 7 LEICHHARDT TERRACE AIL TAKEAWAY FOODS • HOME STYLE COOKING • HOT DOGS, PIES, PASTIES AND FRESHLY ALICE SPRINGS, NT CUT SANDWICHES. All milk bar facilities featuring cold drinks, cigarettes, confectionery, etc CUP 'N' SAUCER SNACK BAR For Food that Fills the Inner Manl

Feb/March/April.1978 Pag*Thirty THE NAVY Feb/March/April, 1978 THE NAVY Page Thirty-One Our Compliments to Navy Personnel

S. S. ENGINEERING & FOUNDRY NELSON by ROSS GILLET' "This beautiful ship was built in His Ma­ NELSON began her service initial­ PTY LTD ly as a reformatory boat, the jesty's Dock Yard at Woolwich and is to be average number of boys carried on Manufacturing Engineers and Suppliers to the R.A.N. launched from thence on Monday June 20, 1814 board being 350 annually. In 1869 ... The ship is one of the most magnificent ever she greeted the Royal Navy Flying Squadron upon their arrival in Port 10 BALLANTYNE ROAD, KEWDALE, WA seen, and so far excels our abilities to describe, Phillip. The squadron headed by the that we presume to suppose, it will not be ex­ flagship HMS LIVERPOOL, included Phone:458 8577 HM Ships LIFFEY, ENDYMION, celled, if ever equalled, by any in England." PHOEBE BARROSA and SCYLLA and were on a special global flag- This description of the line-of- pleted Captain Charles Payne as­ showing cruise. ICI AUSTRALIA LIMITED battleship NELSON was published sumed command for the voyage to The Russian scares of the late on the occasion of her launching Melbourne. In October 1867, the 1870s prompted the decision to re­ 51 RULE STREET, NORTH FREMANTLE, WA—Phone: 335 4044 amid the presence of the Prince ship set forth from Portsmouth and convert NELSON to a fighting ship Explosives and Accessories, "Amex" and "Molanite" Regent, part of the Royal Family, arrived in Williamstown on 4 with the removal of another deck. Emperor Alexander and the King of February, 1868, 107 days later. The Her original masts, save one, were TECHNICAL SERVICE Prussia. Nelson began building in delivery voyage was the only oc­ all removed and she boasted a re­ DISTRIBUTION CENTRES December, 1809, four years after the casion NELSON went to sea under duced gun armament. Port Hedland — North West Coastal Hwy. Port Haadland 72 1497 (091) death of her namesake Vice-Admiral sail. Horatio Nelson. NELSON was placed in reserve in Kalgoortla — Palaca Chambers, Kal 21 4036 (090) NELSON'S armament comprised 1891. On 28 April, 1898, she was Woodman Point — Eiploalvas Raaacva, Woodman Pt 418 1361 After being laid up for most of her two 68 pounder and twenty 64 sold at auction by Messrs Buchan of Garaldton — Sunshlna Crooks * Broker, Geralrtton 21 1864 (099) career NELSON was chosen for con­ pounder guns plus various small Queen Street, Melbourne, to Mr Southern Cross — W. A. Mlncham & Co, Southern Cross 66 version to screw propulsion in 1854. calibre weapons. For the statistically Bernard Einerson of Sydney for Midland — Midland Surplus Stores Pty Ltd. 2741300 The work involved the removal of minded she displaced 2,617-4/64 £2,400. In mid 1896 she was towed Northam — Holtfratars, Northern 22 1577 (096) her upper deck and accordingly she tons and was 205 feet 3/4 inch in to Sydney and her hull converted carried seventy-four guns less. length on the range of the lower into two lighters. Later she was When completed the Royal Navy gun deck from the rabbit of the again taken in tow, this time to was still unable to use the ship and stem post. Extreme breadth was 53 Hobart in July, 1906, and used sub­ NELSON remained laid up until 7 feet 8 inches, depth of hold 24 feet sequently as a coal hulk. NELSON With the Compliments of: February, 1860, when finally un- and draught 24 feet afore and 25 was finally broken up on the Tamar docked. Six years passed before the feet abaft. Her foremast was 118 River in 1928, 114 years after Victorian Colonial Government ap­ feet in length, 3 feet 2 inches in launching. proached England for a vessel suita­ diameter, the mainmast 127 feet 2 ble for the training role. The ad­ Two anchors from Nelson have inches and 3 feet 3 inches, and the been preserved at Williamstown miralty selected NELSON and she main yard 109 feet 3 inches and 2 was officially transferred on loan on and a bust of the admiral. Lord feet and 2 inches, respectively. Top Nelson can be seen at HMAS MOTHERS PRIDE 7 February, 1867. NELSON re­ speed was about 8 or 9 knots. By mained the property of the Admiral­ RUSHCUTTER in Sydney. The Vic­ way of crew numbers NELSON was torian navy was served well by ty, but Victoria was to pay for the built to carry 876 officers and men conversion and maintenance NELSON and confirmed the views but in the training role only a of the English press when they thereafter. permanent crew of 30 was em­ After fitting out had been com­ described her as "super and stupen­ BAKERIES barked. dous and of immense magnitude".

Queens Park & Fremantle, WA B0WEN BLACKSMITHING Contractors & Suppliers to RAN WA & WELDING WORKS Phone: Queens Park 458 2311 1 ARTHUR STREET, BOWEN, OLD Fremantle 335 5999 Phone: (077) 88 1125

TUC niw Feb/March/Aprii, 1978 Feb/March/ April, 1978 THE N,«VY Page Thlrty-Thraa Page Thirty-Two THE NAVY . Join the Adelaide Steamship UNIQUE TOWING NAVAI Industries Pty Ltd & SALVAGE L RESERVE CADETS * Anysize * Anywhere * Anytime 1 Engineering Fitted with QRTT and Extendable f you are between the ages of 13 and 18 years: Jibs The Naval Reserve Cadets are ad- Division I nimstered by the Australian Naval the normal duties and activities of general sporting activities and other 24-Hour Towing — 7 Days a Week 1loar d the Cadet Corps. If injured while on varied subjects also The Naval Reserve Cadets provide duty. Cadets are considered for . . „, _ . fo r the spiritual, social and educa- payment o. compensation *%Xktt^J?JS?gm t onal welfare ot boys and to develop Parades are held on Saturday after- opportunities, whenever possible to ir SLIPWAY PROPRIETORS Phone: Canberra 95 3420 them character, a sense of noon and certain Units hold an addl- undertake training at sea m ships of Patrtohsm . self-reliance, citizenship ttonil parade one night a week, the Royal Australian Navy. a ici Discipline AH: 88 5460 or 88 3759 Uniforms an supplied frs* ot The interesting syllabus ol training Cadets, if considering a sea career, c covers a wide sphere and includes are given every assistance to join the 1180 OLD PORT ROAD urge. 16 GEELONG STREET Cadets are required to produce a seamanship, handling of boats Royal Australian Navy, the Mer- ROYAL PARK, SA 5014 rtificate from their doctor to con- under sail and power, navigation, cantile Marine or tne Royal Aus- FYSHWICK.ACT fi m they are capable of carrying out physical training, rifle shooting, tralian Naval Reserve, but there is no signalling, splicing of wire and ropes, compulsion to |om these Services. Phone: 47 5144 For f-irther information, pie bekn». ase contact the Senior Officer in your State, using the form provided

SI NIOR OFFICERS,NAVAL RESERVE C Nl: W SOUTH WALES: Staff Office Cade ADETS: SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Staff Office Cadets. HMAS W itsons Bay, NSW, 2030. ts, HMAS Watson, Encounter, PO Box 117, Port Adelaide, 9015. VICTORIA. Staff Office Cadets, HMAS Lonsdale, Rouse QtIEENSLAND : Staff Office Cadets, HI Street. Port Melbourne, 3207. SAAAKO 14 1ST, GPO Brisbane, 4001. IAS Morton, Box TASMANIA: Staff Office Cadets, HMAS Huon, Hobart, Wl STERN AUSTRALIA: SUM Office 7000. For Carpets tuwtn, PO Bos 58, FremanUe, 61(0. Cadets, HMAS AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY: Staff Office Cadets, Distributors for HMAS Watson, Watsons Bay, NSW, 2030. 1 CARPET 8 1 TO The Senior Officer. FLOORING SALES 1 & | Naval Reserve Cadets. 1 CONTRACTING DISTRIBUTORS 1 1 am interested in joining 1 1 information the Nawl Reserve Cadets and would be pleased to receive further . 1 1 - Samko Floor Coverings I NAME STREET | *sl IRIIRR PTY LTD STATE OR TERRITORY 1 POSTCODE ' PHONE No Phone: Darwin 84 3402 | A(*1F AlMfl DATF OF HUM M After Hours: 85 J830 1 (Please Print Clearly) 1622 COONAWARRA ROAD 1 Please address your envelope 1 WINNEUIE, NT 1 Te rntorto thye — Senio see lisr tOfficer ot addresse. Navasl abov Reserve e Cadets, in your State or .|

THE NAVY Feb/March/Aprtl. Feb /March/April. 1978 Ta-ifC »,IAWV fi i •• i Tfc 1—i • riu« Page Thirty-Four THE NAVY Page Thlrty-rivej - =••"'.; • -' •• " .•••;•-.-

Eric Pratt Pty Ltd, Wholesale Distributor, of Arnpol Products, .upply WHAT IS THE SOVIET By Vice-Admiral the following reseller, in the Shoolhoven district Julien J. LeBourgeois President of the US Naval War NAVY UP TO? College 44 1041 Barry: (Burt. Service Sin), Queen Street Bomad.rry: (Highway Service Stn). Prlnc.. HI9hwoy ^ ^ The following article looks at the present and possible future tasks of the Cudmlrrah: Port Office Store • — • 41 507« Soviet Navy. Hutki.ion: (CurrumbeneService Stn), Tomerong Road S5M66 The burgeoning naval capabilities Norway, the Baltic exits and the secure second strike potential of Milton: (Ken Mansfield Pty Ltd), Princes Highway of the Soviet Union raise a funda­ Turkish Straits. the Western allies. They Nowra: (Cookas Tyra Service), Kingdom Street JMJ mental question: for what purposes Of special importance In this undoubtedly recognise this as a are these forces being developed? Nowra: (Fleet Service Station), Kingdom Street assessment of Soviet naval power is hazardous and destabilising By way of an answer, I propose to the likelihood that the relative endeavour that could produce Nowra Sooth: (Sooth Nowra oakery). Princes Highway •"*" outline the capability of the Soviet priority of these tasks will change preemptive escalation. Thus, they S» Georges Basin (Bob GaHroy'. Serv Stn) 43 4358 Navy to carry out the various tasks with the length of the conflict, the must evaluate the trade-off between St Georges Basin Rd •••— „— which the Navy of a great power flow of military operations, and the the high benefit and high risk of might be called upon to perform in Soviet perception of the risk of such operations. Suwex Inlat: (Totempol. Service Stn). Jacob. Drive « wartime; to assess the priority nuclear escalation. Nevertheless, because of the Tomarang: (Pornair. Service Stn). Prince. High wo, « which the Soviet Union currently threat to the Soviet homeland posed Ullodullo: (Blue Fin Service Stn). Princes Highway "» assigns to each of these tasks; and, 1. Pro-SSBN by allied ballistic missile then, to discuss how Soviet naval Since deciding to create a sea- submarines, it is likely that the forces — sized and configured for based strategic deterrent force, the Soviets would, especially in the the stern tests of conflict — are now CAMBEWARRA ROAD. BOMADERRY Soviet Union has sought to improve early stages of combat and so long or could be employed to support the survival potential of its ballistic as the risk of escalation was Telephone: (044) 2 3016 national policy in time of peace. missile submarines (SSBN). For substantial, assign air, surface and Because substantial uncertainties example, successive classes of subsurface forces to locate and inhibit precise and confident these submarines have been track allied SSBN forces even if forecasts about the Soviet Navy, I quieter than their predecessors. destruction of these forces were will conclude by listing these Moreover, missiles of substantially not actively pursued. uncertainties, discussing their longer range have been introduced, The ability of the Soviet Navy to JOHN CRANE MAURI significance, and venturing a now making it possible for these carry out this task is considered projection as to the course the submarines to remain in remote sea poor for two reasons: the Soviet Union will follow In further areas and still target the US, inadequacy of Soviet anti­ PTY LIMITED development of her maritime thereby increasing greatly the sea submarine capabilities, and the capabilities. area of necessary interest to allied significant measures taken by allied anti-submarine forces. navies to enhance submarine Manufacturers and Suppliers of Wartime Tasks In addition to these technical survival potential. Because of the improvements, the Soviets probably high priority which the Soviets The wartime tasks against which assign to this task, one must expect 1 John Crane Mechanical Seals and Packings to assess Soviet maritime would employ air, surface and sub­ surface forces — particularly their Soviet anti-submarine capabilities 2. "Chemlon" PTFE Products capabilities and intentions are: to improve in the future. 1. Protection of Soviet ballistic nuclear attack submarines — to 3. Robot Boiler Pumps missile submarines (pro-SSBN); enhance SSBN survival potential. 4. Long Lok Fasteners 2. Operations against allied This would be especially true in the ballistic missile submarines (anti- initial stages of conventional 3. Anti-Projection 5. Contract Lapping Service SSBN); hostilities, and would remain a high US Carrier aviation and 3. Operations against allied priority task so long as Soviet amphibious striking forces create a 6. Lapmaster Lapping Machines aircraft carrier and amphibious leaders considered the risk of significant threat to the Soviet forces (anti-Projection); nuclear war to be high. If a conflict homeland. So long as the carriers 4. Establishment and protection were perceived as unlikely to are perceived as posing a nuclear Contractors to Royal Australian Navy of distant sea lines of escalate, some forces assigned to threat, the Soviet Union will communications (SLOC); the pro-SSBN task could perform obviously place a high priority on 5. Projection of power from the alternative missions. The ability of their destruction. Soviet air, surface For Further Details Enquire Soviet Union to distant areas {power the Soviets to protect their SSBN is and subsurface forces are projection overseas); good. admirably configured for this JOHN CRANE MAURI PTY LIMITED 6. Operations against allied sea purpose equipped as they are with lines of communications (anti- 2. Anti-SSBN their long-range anti-ship missiles. ,66 ELDRIDGE RD, BANKSTOWN, NSW 2200 SLOC); The purpose of anti-SSBN These same forces pose an even 7. Securing and extending the operations would be to limit damage greater threat to US amphibious Phone: 709 2288 flanks of Soviet land forces in North to the Soviet Union by reducing the forces, which are less able than

Feb/March/April, 1978 Feb/March/April, 1978 THE NAVY Peg* Thirty-Sevenf, PMeThlrtySix THE NAVY carrier groups to protect An intention to project power with question for allied planners is: themselves unless supported by naval forces is, with increasing Would the Soviets employ the tactical aircraft, either carrier or frequency, ascribed to the Soviets. preponderance of their air, surface shore based. Especially in the early In such evaluations one must be and sub-surface capabilities in an stages ot conflict, substantial and careful not to confuse Soviet use of anti-SLOC campaign; and If so, at hfghly capable Soviet forces will be naval units in peacetime to expand what stage of the conflict? As assigned to the anti-Projection task. political and economic influence suggested above, defence of the L & C. ENGINEERING WORKS with current Soviet wartime naval homeland would require emphasis 4. Distant Seo Unas of offensive capabilities. The Soviets (so long as the real threat of nuclear clearly have as a prime objective the escalation exists) on the pro-SSBN, Communication (SLOC) (C. C. ETWELL, Prop.) enhancement of their political and antl-SSBN, and anti-Projection The ability of the free nations to economic influence throughout the tasks. move essential materials to and world. Naval ship deployments to Thus, in the initial stages of WALKERSTON 59 2307 from allies, to forward bases and to distant areas not only support ship conflict, the Soviets could be distant areas for at-sea and aircraft deployments in those expected to mount an anti-shipping (also after hours) replenishment of combat forces — areas; they also support political campaign of less than maximum all in the face of enemy opposition and economic initiatives which the intensity. Although the problem • General Engineering and Steel Fabricating — requires the establishment and Soviets may wish to undertake. would be serious for maritime • Fitting, Turning, Welding protection of distant sea lines of The KIEV-class aircraft carrier will planners, it need not have a communication. The capability to • Profile Cutting provide some air power projection decisive effect on the outcome of maintain such sea lines is requisite capability beyond Soviet vital land the land battle, If sensible and • Shearing — Punching to overseas power projection and to and sea areas. The survival timely use were made of warning • MIG Welding the effective conduct of distant potential ot the KIEV class beyond a time. • Agricultural Implements naval operations in wartime in the few days would be low, however, in face of substantial opposition. areas where allied forces could • Fertilizer Distributors Despite its large merchant fleet, 7. Extending and S«curij»tf • Cultivators, etc. bring to bear their submarine and fishing fleet and ocean resource air forces. the Flanks exploitation programme, the Soviet The Soviet amphibious lorce was Using amphibious forces and Union has not yet produced a designed principally for operations naval Infantry in concert with 11 HIGH ST, WALKERSTON, OLD credible wartime capability to to extend and protect the flanks. ground and air forces, the Soviet protect distant sea lines of There has been a slow but steady Union has an excellent capability to communication. increase in amphibious assault lift extend the flanks in Norway, the Creation of open-ocean convoy capability as larger, longer range Baltic Approaches, and in Greek protection does not appear to be an ships enter the Soviet navy; and Turkish Thrace. Soviet element in current Soviet however, the naval Infantry remains amphibious capabilities create an programmes. Up to the present, the relatively small. There is little omnidirectional threat that tends to capability to resupply naval evidence of an effort on their pan to thin out allied defences and combatant forces underway In expand their amphibious force Increases the likelihood that attacks distant areas is not receiving significantly. against particular objectives would enough attention to be classed as a Although the Soviets do not be successful. The Soviet Union CITY MOTORS major effort. Although some presently have the force structure clearly assigns a high priority to the modern Soviet underway replenish­ required for power projection in task of extending and securing the ment forces do exist, their building distant areas during a major war, flanks. rate and the development of their force is adequate for many operational expertise are third world situations. There is PTY LTD insufficient in the absence of inconclusive evidence that they Poacotim* Tasks secure overseas bases to support aspire to have or require the The major peacetime tasks of naval operations in wartime, far capability to project power against Soviet naval forces are to: removed from the Soviet Union, substantial opposition. For the near f. Gather Intelligence. Lutz Frankenfeld over an extended period of time. term, this task probably has low 2. Constrain the Western allies' . The Soviet Union apparently priority. freedom of action at sea. PRESTIGE USED CARS places low priority on the capability 3. Protect Soviet maritime to establish and protect distant sea resources. lines of communication In time of 6. Anti-SLOC 4. Extend and enhance the war. This priority will probably political and economic Influence of remain low for the near term. By virtue of its substantial nuclear attack and diesel submarine fleet, the USSR. the Soviet Union possesses an 5. Support allied states. 50 SMITH STREET 5. Power Projection Overseas excellent capability to. interdict Overseas power projection allied sea lines of communication. I. Gathering Intelligence requires forces capable of The availability of anti-ship missiles The Soviets devote extensive DARWIN, NT defending themselves, with in these submarines enhances this resources to gathering intelligence additional power to accomplish the capability. Soviet long-range air on allied naval forces — particularly projection mission and the forces, together with the anti-ship information having to do with us . Phone: Darwin 81 3406 necessary logistic support to capabilities of the Soviet surface sea-based strategic systems. sustain operations In the overseas fleet, would also be employed Intelligence trawlers stand off the area. against allied shipping. The entrance to ports from which US

THF NAVY Feb/March/Aprll, Feb/March /April, 1978 THE NAVY Page Thirty-Nine Pag* Thirty-Eight THE NAVT -

ballistic missile submarines Admiral Gorshkov has pointed out operate. Missile-firing exercises matures, as their confidence grows, are closely observed. Soviet that In a recent three-year period BOB WHITE ELECTRIX some 1000 Soviet men-of-war visited and as suitable opportunities intelligence trawlers and men-of- present themselves, this example • ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS war with supporting air reconnais­ ports in 60 countries. Thus Soviet naval forces are being used In the will probably be repeated in other HHdOOkK sance provide thorough coverage of parts of the world. allied naval operations. Through traditional way to show the flag to 79 ST GEORGES ROAD. CORIO. VIC these and other activities, the enhance Soviet prestige In various Soviet Union has a clear perception parts of the world, to counter­ Uncertainties balance similar efforts on the part of Phone: (052) 751017 of US and allied naval capabilities Uncertainties concerning the along with a substantial ability to Western navies, to encourage Alio at: friendly factions In other nations development of Soviet sea power in provide early warning to Soviet the future can be summed up in authorities. and to support the economic and GANTON COURT. WILLIAMSTOWN, VIC political penetration of developlna these questions: countries. What will be the future Soviet Phone: 391 5346 2. Constraining Freedom of need for long-range sea lines of Action at Sea •communication and for the ability to Admiral Gorshkov has been project power overseas in times of abundantly clear on the point that ». Supporting Allied States peace and war? Soviet naval capabilities are During the recent Angola Will the Soviets continue to intended to constrain allied episode, Soviet naval forces were develop the capability to take attack THOMAS freedom of action at sea, especially positioned both to lend moral and aviation to sea and to employ this in crisis situations. Experience military support to the MPLA and to capability in tasks not directly REGAL TAXIS during various Middle East crises protect the ship and aircraft related to defence of the homeland? clearly demonstrates that the Soviet carrying materials and supplies to If so, what will be the scale of such BORTHWICK & Mediterranean Fleet has this task as Angola. A Kotlln guided-mlsslle an effort? a major responsibility The destroyer, a landing ship transport To what extent will the Soviet LTD performance of Soviet ships in the (LST) with Soviet naval Infantry Union continue to develop overseas SONS proximity of major US naval units embarked, and the largest Soviet bases — and with what success? To during the course of these crises In underway replenishment ship were what extent will host nations 82 2261 —82 2222 (AUSTRALASIA) LTD the Mediterannean suggests that hovering In the Gulf of Guinea support Soviet naval forces in Soviet leaders do not yet feel during the crucial days of this peace, In crisis situations and in compelled to have a direct operation. Further to the north, a time of war? For Taxi Service All Suburbs MEAT PACKERS — MEAT WORK confrontation with the American Kresta II cruiser and a Soviet oiler What are the prospects for a 7 Days a Week — 24 Hours a Day PROPRIETORS — EXPORTERS Sixth Fleet. Nevertheless, the were in the vicinity of the coast of Soviet technological breakthrough Presence of these highly capable Guinea. TU-95 aircraft were at in anti-submarine warfare which WHOLESALERS OF MEATS — HIDES Soviet forces in the Mediterranean Conakry. Intelligence collectors would substantially increase their For Tours and Weddings Ring Office SKINS — TALLOW AND CASINGS adds an important new dimension to were also present In the area capabilities against the nuclear 82 3229 from 9 am to 5 pm the power equation in that area. The Additionally, a Sverdlov cruiser and powered submarines of the Weekdays Only extent to which the Soviet naval two guided missile destroyers were Western alliance? presence around the world does in in the Straits of Gibraltar area - an To what extent will the Soviets 60 MARKET STREET fact act as a constraint is. of course unusual deployment probably develop full-scale underway REGAL TAXIS LTD a function of US resolution and the related to events In Angola. replenishment capability for naval MELBOURNE, VIC appreciation by Soviet leaders as to forces operating far from home the extent of that resolution The Soviet forces listed above waters? 180 CAMBERWELL ROAD would have been vulnerable to destruction by Western attack These questions are closely 3. Protecting Soviet related; they also combine EAST HAWTHORN, VIC. Telephone: 62 2921 submarines or by alrpower from Maritime Retourcet subjective and objective criteria allied carriers In the event from which it Is possible to project The emergence of a substantial hostilities had broken out In the the future of Soviet sea power. Soviet merchant fleet, together with military sense, Soviet forces the creation of the world's largest involved In the Angola affair served fishing fleet, impels the Soviet much the same purposes as Is long-range SLOC and Best Wishes from Union to protect these maritime intended for the NATO Standing Power Projection Capabilities assets. In time of peace, the Soviet Naval Forces Atlantic (STAN- Navy is in a position to provide AVFORLANT), although the Soviet From an economic standpoint adequate protection for their ships with surface to surface there would appear to be little need Thomos Borthwick & Sons (A'osio) Ltd merchant and fishing fleets and can missiles have more offensive In the next 10 years or so for the demonstrate Soviet interest In capability than do those currently Soviets to build naval forces maritime resource and Law of the assigned to STANAVFORLANT The capable of supporting distant sea FRANCIS STREET, BROOKLYN, VIC 3025 Sea issues. presence of these ships off Angola lines of communication or of was clearly Intended to projecting their power overseas demonstrate Soviet determination The basis for creating such Telephone: 314 0277 «. Political and Economic capabilities would be political In Influences and to increase the risk and problems associated with possible character and would result from the The Table portrays the extent to counteractions by the United States determination on their part to Approved Contractors to RAN which Soviet ship-days in various or its allies. support wars of national liberation areas have increased since 1985. As the Soviet naval capability or to keep in power governments favourable to Moscow. The Page Forty THE NAVY FebiMarchf April, 1»78 Feb/Maroh/Aprfl, 1978 THE NAVY Peoe Forty-One ..,--,,;••..-.,.-. •••-•*.

TRENDS IN SOVIET NAVY DEPLOYMENTS

NOWRA MOTEL MANNING

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1972 „74 Phone: usefulness ol such states In time of without a follow-on class of larger crisis or war would be problematic (044)2 2883 — 2 5180 Coopemook (065) 56 3187 carriers, a change In strategy from a opposition. Thus, although further for the Soviets - that Is, If their defensive to an offensive development of underway Nowra, NSW recent experience with Egypt replenishment capabilities would PACIFIC HIGHWAY orientation would not be practical provides a useful example. Before not be definite In the absence of f. on the other hand, there were a relying on allied states and other Indicators, such a develop­ MOORLAND, NSW follow-on class of larger carriers — overseas bases, the Soviet Union ment would provide objective in more than token numbers — a must have greater assurance in the evidence of a change In Soviet naval clear signal would have been given future than it has had in the past strategy. to the West. My own view Is that the that. In the event of crisis, the host construction of four or five KIEVe nation will not say, ••this Is not my will be followed In the 1980s with Conclusion anairi This Issue poses a real larger carriers of perhaps 50 to Despite an impressive growth In uncertainty for the Soviet Union and Sponsored for local families 60.000 tons - a programme clearly combatant capabilities, objective would require the development of a within Soviet capabilities. evidence does not at this moment SUTTONS capable underway replenishment demonstrate conclusively that the force as a satisfactory back-up no Overseas Bate* Soviet Union has opted for a matter how many bases were maritime capability which could MOTORS FARMERS available. Overseas bases - or facilities support the establishment and extended by nations friendly to the defence of distant sea lines of Sao-boieW Alrpower Soviet Union - would be of most communication and the overseas value In peace and In the early days (DARWIN) NT The LENINGRAD and MOSKVA projection of power against of conflict. Based on recent significant opposition. There are GMH DEALERS ARMS HOTEL represent the first tentative effort experience. It would make sense on the part of the Soviet Union to however, substantial uncertainties for the Soviet Union to focus on about the future which remain to be New Cars, Used Cars, Trucks, Service, take air power to sea. These ships base development in areas In which resolved. Panel and Paint Dept, Spare Parts Licensees: Greg and Pam Hay augment Soviet anti-submarine indigenous military forces were so forces but they are not ships of Sales: insignificant that Soviet leaders An increase In the number of wars Ex Balmain and Western Division extraordinary significance. The need not be excessively concerned of national liberation or of Soviet KIEV — despite her relatively small with an order to "get out". allied states, a continuation of MITCHELL ST OR Rugby League Player size — is another matter VTOL aircraft carrier construction — STUART HWY aircraft will operate from her deck Underway Replenishment particularly of a larger class — an Tooheys New or Tooths Old on Tap 10 be sure, the range of such Capability expansion of the Soviet overseas Service: aircraft would be limited in the near base structure and underway term. Moreover, the small size of In the absence of projection replenishment forces, would signal McMINN ST her aircraft handling and operating forces requiring underway a Soviet decision to add a credible Vale Road, Bathurst, NSW areas will severely limit the number replenishment, the Soviet Union Is Power projection force to their of aircraft which could be brought to unlikely to devote substantial effort offensive capability and further bear - this factor being of special to further expansion and develop­ expand their maritime strateaic Telephone: significance should the Soviets ment of underway replenishment concept. (063) 31 3742 choose to operate this class of ship forces. With only a limited combat Darwin (089) 81 6501 underway replenishment capability My judgement is that such in distant waters. Indications will emerge with the development of a Soviet carrier If the Soviets limit their KIEV sufficient clarity In 10 years' time to force for projection of power would programme to about five ships present the West with an be meaningless against substantial extraordinary challenge. Page Forty-Two THE NAVY Fob/March/April, 1978 Feb/March/April, 1B78 THE NAVY P«ge Forty-Three Rare Quality Fine Flavoured Elmhurst No 1 Tea -CANADIAN- Specially selected choicest quality Ceylon tea, packed in Ceylon in foil lined 1 kg and 2.5 kg wooden chests and imported direct by Dalgety to give you a luxury you can afford. And your guests will compliment you for your SHIP BUILDING PROGRAMME fine taste when you serve Elmshurst No,1. Available from The Federal Cabinet has approved an expenditure of many ships which have given ex­ $63 million in t977 dollars for the Department of National cellent service. By virtue of their DALGETY MERCHANDISE Canadian design they have been Dalgety Australia Limited (Incorporated in Victoria) Defence to proceed with the first stage of a program lead­ particularly well suited to national Merchandise Oept. Basement DALGETY HOUSE ing to the acquisition of new fighting ships for the Canadian requirements. Navy, Defence Minister Barney Danson has announced. Maritime Command's current 41-47 CURRIE STREET. ADELAIDE. SA 5000 fleet consists of 20 operational This stage, known as the project The programme could eventually destroyers and three destroyen Also Branches — Phone Adelaide 51 0251 for orders definition, will take about four years produce, directly and indirectly, held in reserve. The oldest class, the to complete and will allow the about 4,600 man-years of employ­ St Laurent, will have completed 30 Department of National Defence, in ment annually for eight years after years' service in the 1986-1990 concert with shipbuilders, to finalize the initial project definition stage is period — 10 years beyond their de­ the design and detailed costing of completed, he stated. signed life expectancy. the first of a new series of six Cana­ There also would be a major im­ WALCHA ROBERT dian patrol frigates. pact on Canadian industry at large "As a maritime nation, Canada "The ship replacement program since each ship will incorporate has a wide range of maritime in­ will show Canada's determination several thousand pieces of equip­ terests and hence has a major stake to maintain her sovereignty and de­ ment, many provided by smaller in the free use of the seas," Mr STEELE fence roles, and support commit­ manufacturers, he added. Danson said. "When these interests MOTEL ments to the NATO Alliance with a are challenged by the ever- DND has been preparing opera­ MOTOR ENGINEER continuing contribution tc credible tional and technical requirements increasing competition among the naval deterrent forces," Mr Danson for the design and construction nations to exploit the resources of Accommodation of lit Bmil said. phases which will be ready early in the seas, or threatened as they can For Cylinder head modifications, Government decision to proceed 1978. A formal approach to industry be by the growing capability of the Soviet navy, Canada, with her allies, Twin, Double and Family Rooms with All Modern extractor exhaust systems and inlet with building the frigates, which then will be made and procurement would replace the six ageing St options investigated. The options need to provide for their Facilities Available at Modest Rates — the manifolds. protection." Attractions of the New England Area, Trout Laurent-Class destroyers on the include designing and building the Streams, Waterfalls, Scenic Drives and Atlantic coast, will not be taken until ships in Canada or buying an off­ The Defence Minister added that Historical Properties are All Within Easy Reach AGENTS FOR WAGGOTT AND WADE 1961 when assessment of the first shore design to modify and build in Canada must continue to have the stage is completed. Canada. of Walcha Motel CAMSHAFTS capability for the surveillance and For Family and Group Bookings Call your Hosts Mr Danson said that the plan calls protection of her coastline, which is Allan and Judy Carter for the first ships to be completed DESIGN AND the longest in the world. Of by 1966 and the sixth ready for de­ PRODUCT/ON CAPABILITY particular importance is the national 39 Owen St, Innisf ail, Qld livery by 1969. Total cost for the six "The shipbuilding program will policy to protect our offshore ships is estimated at $1.6 billion in optimize utilization of Canadian in­ economic resources within the (067) 77 2599 4860 today's dollars. dustrial capability. There is available 200-mile zone. The phasing of government ex­ in Canada a large number of capa­ penditures is in keeping with the Telephone. (070)612213 ble firms engaged in the design and 31/33 WEST FITZROY ST government's economic restraint manufacture of mechanical and program and will not necessitate FRIGATE-TYPE SHIPS WALCHA. NSW major government spending in the electronic systems for ships. Such Studies of the capabilities re­ early stages of the program. firms, in concert with Canadian quired for a modern replacement shipyards and ship design agencies, warship to meet the Canadian could provide the expertise required Forces' peace and wartime opera­ EMPLOYMENT for the design and production phase tional roles point to a frigate-type GENERATED of this shipbuilding program. helicopter-equipped ship in the or­ In his announcement Mr Danson BELCONNEN ELECTRICS Government would expect in­ der of 3600-4000 tons. said, "A Canadian shipbuilding pro­ licensed Electrical Contractors ACT and NSW dustry to join forces to assume gramme to replace the six St The latest Canadian destroyers EXHAUST FANS & ELECTRIC HEATING SPECIALISTS responsibility for the design, Laurent-Class ships will have a are the 4,600-ton DDH-280 heli­ management and implementation significant impact upon the Cana­ copter-equipped warships — FOR PERSONAL, RELIABLE SERVICE AND INSTALLATION OF • EXHAUST FANS of a shipbuilding program," the dian economy. The expected related IROQUOIS, HURON, ArHABASKAN • ELECTRIC HEATING • POWER POINTS • LIGHT FITTINGS • ROOM AIR Defence Minister said. CONDITIONERS benefits will be considerable, and and ALGONQUIN — commissioned Canadian shipyards have de­ because the proposed building ac­ in 1972-73. In comparison, the St STOP HEATERS, FLOODLIGHTS. ETC, WIRING HOUSES. GARAGES. FLATS veloped a high degree of technical Laurent-Class ships have a 2,858 ton tivity, which will begin in 1981, is EXTENSIONS AND COMMERCIAL PREMISES expertise and ability to construct displacement. labor-intensive, employment will be RAOtO-CONTROLLED VEHICLES warships. Since 1960, they and re­ generated throughout the shipbuild­ A program management office lated industries have built, with ing a.td related industries." will be established in Ottawa. It will 79 VERBRUGGHEN ST, MELBA, ACT. Phone: Canberra 581184 high Canadian industrial content. be headed by a Canadian Forces Feb/March/ April, 1978 THE NAVY Feb/MarchfApril, Pig* Forty-Five THE NAVY rage Fony-Four I '

officer who will be assisted by PORTE DAUPHINE and PORTE ESCORTS (DDE-261) — HMCS 24-HOUR BUNKERING representatives of the Department ST LOUIS. YUKON, MACKENZIE, SAS­ of Supply and Services and in­ 1 RESERVE PATROL CUTTER — KATCHEWAN and QU'APPELLE. SERVICE dustry, Trade and Commerce to HMCS FORT STEELE. 1 UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT °rvefSMle 0>i Bunkering .(• proud to be utocuted in sermcwtg me flor*" ensure the necessary contracting 1 DESTROYER ESCORT (DDE) SHIP — HMCS PROVIDER. <«JMlM Ns rowfltf me eioe* 6 BAY CLASS TRAINING SHIPS — We *0rt in coniunclKin with •» maiw 0 (DDE-257) — HMCS 2 DESTROYER ESCORTS (DDE) — the project definition stage would RESTIGOUCHE, KOOTENAY, •MAM. OWMUM1. KflMUt HMCS CHAUDIERE, HMCS not only permit Canadian industry TERRA NOVA and GATINEAU. A.C.B. MARINE HniiiiH^iiiiimin COLUMBIA (operational reserve and shipyards to plan their 4 MACKENZIE CLASS DESTROYER status). participation in the program but would provide the government with SANDBLASTERS the best options to decide in 1981 Kindly Sponsored by:— on the type of ship to be built. Water Fuel Lighters for the Navy

Current Maritime Surface Rust Proofing & Coating Processors The Royal Australian Navy's most The steel hull is also unusual in and Sub-Surface Forces manoeuvreable vessel In a couple that it Is self-supporting and Specialising in All Marine Work ot years' time will not be J sleek requires no Internal struts. This HUTCHINSON'S ATLANTIC COAST destroyer or a fast patrol boat, but a makes it cheaper to build and easier squat, grey lighter, which has been 4 TRIBAL CLASS DESTROYERS to maintain. designed by the Navy's team of Associated with the Shipping Industry (DDH 280) each equipped with Four of the lighters will be built at designers at Canberra. Corrosion Protection Contractors to two helicopters — IROQUOIS, a cost of about $7m. The first vessel POOLS HURON, ATHABASKAN and Called a self-propelled combined is expected to be delivered by the Royal Australian Navy ALGONQUIN. water fuel lighter, the new craft will Wllliamstown Naval Dockyard early have swivelling propellers, 6 ST LAURENT CLASS DESTROYER in 1979. resembling outboard motors fitted Specializing in the buildng of Sprayed ESCORTS (DDH 205) each The lighters, which will be 38 at each end, which will enable the equipped with one helicopter — metres in length and displace 1100 Concrete Swimming Pools craft to move ahead, astern or HMCS SKEENA, MARGAREE, tonnes, will be used to supply Naval sideways and to turn in Its own See Barry Hutchinson for Free ASSINIBOINE, OTTAWA, ships with fuel and fresh water length. Quotations and On Site Inspection SAGUENAY and FRASER. (ST when berths are not available. 3 LAURENT is decommissioned). Call and See our Display Pool at 2 ANNAPOLIS CLASS DESTROYER EMERALD ESCORTS (DDH 266) — HMCS ANNAPOLIS and NIPIGON. BODY WORKS 235 EKIBIN ROAD 3 OBERON CLASS SUBMARINES — (Bill & Betty Loch) HMCS OJIBWA, ONONDAGA, ^^^''T-• V« >*' ANNERLEY, OLD Panel Beating • Radiator Repairs • Spray OKANAGAN. Painting • Oxy Welding ^H»^MPPy^^^*^^" "• ijF 'Jtt 2 UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT Phone: 48 7395 SHIPS — HMCS PROTECTEUR. Phone: Emerald 136. AH: i*3^i^ir*»'» _ ^n PRESERVER. Friendly Service 3 RESERVE TRAWLER-TYPE SHIPS OPAL LANE, EMERALD. OLD •r ^^ i — HMCS PORTE ST JEAN. SUPPORT THE ALICE SPRINGS TIMBER &

49 Scribbly Gum Square JOINERY Willeton, WA Crispe Street, Alice Springs 5750 FOR CUSTOM CABINETS Telephone 457 4236 CROSS Your complete supplies of Timber. Plywood. Panetboard. Cupboards. Doors, Built-in Furniture and Hardware. etc. By Becoming A Phone: Alice Springs 52 1360 Blood Donor After Hours: Alice Sorinas 52 1038

Feb/March/ April, 11 Feb/Mareh/Aprll, 1978 THE NAVY P»0« Forty-Seven THE NAVY Page Forty-Six I

Contract for Ultra Modern NEW PATROL BOATS Torpedoes

Senior naval officers and a representative of the NEARING COMPLETION Department of Administrative Services watch the signing of forRAN a $52.6 m contract for the construction of 14 patrol boats to the Brooke Marine PCF 420 design. The First Australian Sub­ IN CANBERRA marine Squadron of the Royal Australian Navy is to be fitted with ultra-modern torpedoes which will give NEW RANGE the six Oberon-class sub­ marines an underwater fighting capability at least equal to the most advanced conventionally-powered submarines in the world. The Minister for Defence, The Honourable D. J. Killen, has stated that the project cost for the torpedoes, associated spares, train­ ing, support facilities and test equipment would be approximately $16 million. Of this amount $3 million would be spent in Australia on training, ship installation and maintenance facilities, including special buildings at the RAN Armament Depot at Kingswood, NSW. The torpedoes are essentially un­ Superb individually styled new home designs some 22C tonnes, and a range well The signing ceremony, held in derwater guided missiles of much in excess of the Navy's current At­ Canberra, is being carried out by Mr greater accuracy than early types including • Sun decks • Rumpus Rooms D. G. Fry (seated left), Director of tack class boats. and it is expected that the new the North Queensland Engineers It has been selected as being ap­ torpedoes known as the Mk 48 Mod • Internal stairs • Two storey versions and Agents Pty Ltd, which was propriate for the task of patrolling 3 torpedo, in time completely awarded the contract, and Mr F. 8. Australia's coastline, and will in­ replace the present obsolescent • Inge quality features • Double garages Long (seated right), an Assistant crease substantially the surveillance torpedoes which were either pre- Secretary of the Department of Ad­ and control capability of the World War II vintage, or designed PLUS Homes currently being planned ministrative Services. Defence Force. just after that war. Limited number of breath-taking sites Pictured watching the ceremony The lead craft of the new PCF 420 The new torpedoes, together with Clients preferences can still be incorporated are (standing, from left) Rear Ad­ patrol boat class is already being the submarine weapons system up­ miral P. H. Doyle, Chief of Naval constructed by the designers, date programme, to be carried out Material; Mr A. R. Palmer, Deputy Brooke Marine Ltd, at Lowestoft in over a period of eight years, will Secretary, Department of Admini­ the United Kingdom. provide the boats with an outstand­ strative Services; and Captain R. G. Work on the first Australian-built ing capability. The up-date pro­ craft is expected to start in about INGE BROS Harris, project Director. gramme will include new fire con­ nine months at the North trol systems and the installation of (Canberra) PTY. LTD. Australia-wide tenders were Queensland Engineers and Agents called for the building of the 14 modern sonar systems, both of yard in Cairns. The 14 Australian- which are presently being fitted into 15 Paragon Mall. Gladstone Street, Fyshwick. 2609. A.C.T. vessels. Four Australian firms sub­ built patrol boats will be delivered mitted tenders. Based on an evalua­ HMAS OXLEY now undergoing an Phone 80 4381. 80 4091 — Ah 54 6646 Keith Griffiths to the RAN between the s -cond half extended refit at Vickers Cockatoo tion of the tenders this was reduced of 1960 and 1965. to two firms: North Queensland in Sydney. Engineers and Agents, and Vickers Australian equipment will be The new class of torpedoes and Cockatoo Dockyard Pty Ltd. fitted where possible, resulting in a associated equipment are expected lesser reliance on overseas sources The PCF 420 patrol craft has a of supply and greater participation to have a life span of approximately length of 42 metres, a top speed of by Australian industry. 30 years. about 30 knots, a displacement of Feb/March/April. 1978 THE NAVY Page Forty-Eight TRADITIONAL CONTINENTAL CONFECTIONERY • Turkish Delight • Halva • Sugar Coated Almonds • Tahini • Glace Cherries • Natural Food Sweet Bars —Sunflower Bar • Fruit & Honey Bar • Coconut Bar • Sesame Bar • Chick Peas • Grecian Delight

PuMhhod by Perceval Pwbltehlnf Co Pty Ltd. 862-870 EUubtth Slreet Waterloo. 2017. phone 699 2600. with pvrmiiMon of th« N*»y lu|ui ol AuHralia. and printed by Maiwetl Printout Co Pty Ltd. r ^CHELL LIBRARY I 1 JUL 1978 Sf DNKT MAY-JUNE-JULY, 1978 Registered for potting as a publication — Category A THE NAVY—m0*0*0m0*j*m0*0* Greetings to the Royal Australian Navy from The magazine of the Navy Leaf*" o'Australia Registered *of porting p a publication — Category A DILLINGHAM Vol 40 MAY-JUNE-JULY, 1978 No 2 CONTENTS Page Page SHIPYARDS AOE.AOR —But When? 3 An air-operated grapnel-throwing gun An Assessment of The Navy 7 simplifies the mooring of Letters to the Editor 10 large vessels 22 (WA) PTY LTD The Royal Canadian Navy — Australia's First Naval Battle AShortHlstory 14 Honour 24 Federal President Visits Tasmania . 15 Minehunting Catamaran 27 Naval Reserve Cadet News 16 The White Paper on Restructuring The Navy League — A Conspectus. 16 the Italian Armed Forces 28 • SHIP BUILDERS Ships of the Canadian Pacific Fleet VlsitSydney 32 • SHIP REPAIRERS PLUS SU NOB Y STORKS AND PMOTOCKAPHS The views expressed in articles appearing in this publication are those of the authors concerned They do not necessarily • ENGINEERS represent the views ol the editor, the Navy League, or official opinions or policy

Photographs appearing In this migiiine are obtained from official sources and copies cannot be secured from Ike Navy Lcafac of Australia. Perclval Publishes Co Pt> Ltd or the Editor.

All correspondence should be directed to the Honorary Editor Box W34, PO West Pennant Hills, NSW, 2120, Australia

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Pissldliit; Commander F G Evans. MBE. VH0. Pllllillll: B. J. Bed. Esq. RANR Puiltliiil Bruce Grey. Eao y Lieut Cmdr O. V. Dwnrnan. VR0. VkePreeldent: Cornrnander 0 M Blake VBO. RANR. Boa 227. Post Olfce. Hawthorn. Vctona. Han »ll —f. "»» A FngaraU. Bos 1529M. Telegraphic Address: "South Slips", Perth RANK 3122 Telephone 296294 GPO Adelaide SA sooi Telephone: 335 4622 — Telex 92 6655 Uaut Cmdr A VV Grarebrook. RD. ealealaMssei n IllUOl lllun Patron VceAdmrel s. Guy Wyen KBF C6 Secnttary: Ueut Cmdr OV ftmmm. VRD. RANR . „ m Be. 227. PO Hawthorn. Mctona. 3122. Trt«*on. J^™!—!* E*-*,c,• *• Governor ol PI.IHIIII: Senator D M Devm 29 6294 Queensland I4aa> aN*aaa»anr-SrW T PfllUltil: Surgeon Commander A. H Booenson Street. Leunceson 7250 DILLINGHAM RANR u_ - • «_ „ Hon 9.U alar t: Uaanananl E W CrooM. RANR. The Shipyard on the Western Coast Patron Mrs Eseeeency. the Governor of New JaYjGympte Road. OvarrnakSa. 40X2. Patron: Ms beseftsney. the Governor of Western Uaut Cmdr E Bryden-Brown. VRD. fSaaaaant: Lnotenent Commander J J Johnson. m Ccvrrnandar 0 M Blake. VRD. RANR MBE. RAN («d I IHmiai, IniHit,: 0 P TncMlt. ESQ Bo. Han Seerwtary Lieutenant F VVhetton. 66 Brad- Haa Mrs P Paramo,. Bra 735. PO. 171f.GTOSrt1nay.NSW.2001 I.M Street, Down.. AC1. 2602

May/Juno/July. 1978 THE NAVY PssgoOoo AOE, AOR — BUT WHEN?

On April 14, the Minister for Defence (Hon D. J. Killer,) by: A. W. Grazebrook you'd be surprised announced that Vickers Cockatoo Dockyard Pty Ltd it being invited to tender for a fleet underway replenishment ship (AOR) for the craft fuel only. SUPPLY is not a "one- Australian Navy. In making the announcement, the Minister said that stop" ship — she does not carry the Government would meke no decision on where the ship would be ammunition, naval, air and victualling AT THE THINGS WE DO... built until Cockatoo's tender has been evaluated against a competitive stores. Following on completion of the tender from the French. highly successful Cockatoo designed replenishment ship (HMAS SUPPLY) Thus began yet another step in the and built destroyer tender HMAS would have been taken out of regular seemingly unending struggle to get a STALWART, Navy planned to order AND WE CAN DO THEM FOR YOU! operational service. She would have new underway replenishment ship for the new AOE from Vickers Cockatoo. been available to replace PROTECTOR the RAN. Navy is right back where it It was planned that the keel would be whilst that ship was under refit. In the was in 1971 — a design has been laid in 1972 and that the ship would intervals, SUPPLY would have been selected and suitable builders are join the fleet in late 1975. tendering for the job. maintained in reserve. With modern preservation methods, Plans and design work proceeded. Nearly 10 years ago, in 1969, the and recognising that a ship of this type Although difficulties in obtaining the RAN conceived a need for a fast is not sensitive to the weapons and desired diesel engines delayed the combat support ship (AOE) capable of electronics obsolesence that often laying of the ship's keel during 1972, steaming with the carrier task group or forces withdrawal from service of the ordering and delivery of other long with escorts. The ship would be able to warships proper, SUPPLY could have items proceeded. By the end of 1972, replenish other warships at sea with been maintained in reserve for some several million dollars worth of fuel for the ships, aircraft, fuel, years. materials and equipment had been ammunition, and naval, victualling and accumulated at Cockatoo. Work had Design and development....electronics...hydraulics...fibreglass... sheet air stores. Thus PROTECTOR was not commenced on the preparation of metal fabrication...laboratory....gathered together under one roof we The plan was that, on completion envisaged as a replacement for materials. SUPPLY - an AOR. SUPPLY can of the new ship (to have been named At the time, it was estimated that have Australia's greatest concentration of specialists and skilled workers replenish other ships with ship and air- PROTECTOR), the Navy's existing the total project cost would be A$69 in all of these operations. This fusion of many abilities is available to million, of which the ship herself would account for some AS33 million. you in your business. If you have problems that need specialized Soon after the December 1972 design and manufacture, try us... the gathered skills. election, the new Minister for Defence (Hon L. H. Barnard) announced (in August 1973) that he had "decided that there is no need to proceed at the present time with the construction of a fast combat support ship capable of underway replenishment of the fleet. It has been assessed that such a ship would not be required until about 1980, when HMAS SUPPLY is ex­ pected to be retired. I believe that a less sophisticated end less costly ship than that originally proposed at a cost now estimated at around A$69 million might be more suitable. This is being further examined."

Mr Barnard's decision involved the Navy (and the taxpayer) in the pay­ ment of many millions of dollars in cancellation charges. It will involve the payment of much higher costs for the COMMONWEALTH AIRCRAFT CORPORATION LIMITED ship that is eventually built. Ultimately, Navy will get a lets sophisticated ship ' A Privately Owned Consortium) for which a much higher price must be 31H Lorinwr SI . Pt Melb, Vic. 3207 Ph. 04-0771 Cables: Comaircor paid than would have been paid for PROTECTOR. Unofficial estimates give e total AOR project cost of A$100 HMA Shipt STALWART (215). SUPPL Y (19Si and MELBOUMEmT million - compered with only A$69

THE NAVY M«y/Jun«/July. 1 THE NAVY PaQ* Threw Page Two million that would have been paid had Mr Barnard not cancelled the AOE. The Barnard decision alio involved the abandonment of the concept of two underway replenishment ships — an AOE and an AOR. Quite apart from the peace-time cost advantages of the new ship in service and the older SUPPLY in reserve, the availability of two ships for wartime operations would give our carrier group and escorts HMCS PROTECTEUR, a Replenishment Ship commissioned into the Royel Canadian Navy on August 30. 1969. She significantly longer endurance time at carries spare anti-submarine helicopters, militery vehicles end bulk equipment for sealifr purposes. 14,122 tonnes of fuel, sea. 1,048 tonnes of dry cargo and 1J50 tonnes of ammunition. In terms of both operating, main­ Thus for an increase of some 15 per had been to take advantage of the tenance and capital costs, an AOR THE FUTURE cent in standard displacement, an extra more advantageous prices for which or AOE costs less than an escort. 65 per cent payload can be carried. ships can be built overseas for the first It is likely that the new tendering Therefore, it is more economic to keep This is a classic illustration of the ship, but to construct the second ship process will take some months, thus a smaller number of escorts at sea advantages of the economy of scale — a here in Australia. imposing yet another delay. Most longer by replenishing from an AOR objective shipbuilding industry concept which some politicians have Some Navy sources use a guideline than it is to achieve the same number observers would agree that it is highly no difficulty in grasping in gene-al but of 40 par cent as the extra cost involved of "escort sea days" by operating more unlikely that the new AOR will be a concept which totally eludes them in building In Australia instead of in escorts. completed before the end of 1981 at when it comes to the size of ships for Europe. It remains to be seen just how It was not until 1975 that Mr the very earliest. the RAN. We see the same reluctance much extra cost would be involved in Barnard implemented his August 1973 to accept the argument of the building the AOR in Australia. A HMAS SUPPLY, now at the least pledge to further examine the economy of scale when a new aircraft factor in this is the bounty (up to 31 economic and highest maintenance acquisition of a less sophisticated ship carrier or the FFG or the patrol boats per cent) paid by the Government to cost stage of her life, will have to be to replace HMAS SUPPLY. For reasons are discussed. Australian shipbuilders and whether again refitted to ensure the viability of that are not clear, and in spite of With the advantages in favour of a this bounty would come out of the the Fleet for the years 1980-82. Cockatoo's successful building of larger ship so clear, the question is Defence vote. HMAS STALWART of much the same A Westland Wessex HAS 310 of the Royal Australian Navy. being asked in some quarters whether A BAD DECISION size as an AOR, Mr Barnard specified the RAN should not now revert to the SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY that the new ship must be to an original plan and build PROTECTOR. When the Project Definition Study Many would agree that Mr Barnard's existing design. The advertisement, respective navies for both to have general purpose short range gun (yet to It is reliably reported that those in contract was awarded, the Government 1973 cancellation decision hes resulted placed in January 1975, produced proven their designs at sea. No doubt, be chosen) that will also be fitted in authority are not in favour of this plan carefully kept its options open to in Navy getting a smaller, less effective design and/or building proposals from in making their final choice. Navy con­ the new patrol boats and LSH for reasons which include the following: permit local construction of the ship. ship for much more money than would TOBRUK. The French ship carries two However, it was generally assumed that 27 overseas companies and interest in sidered the usual combination of cost, • Whilst the cost advantages of have been paid for a 1975 completed 40 mm guns. the ship would be built in France. building the ship from four Australian payload, compatibility etc. building PROTECTOR in 1972-76 AOE. Further, many would agree that Cockatoo was expected to build either companies. In the event. Navy chose instead of a DURANCE now are Mr Barnard's decision was erroneous — AOE OR AOR? the Heavy Landing Ship TOBRUK or Eventually, Navy selected two DURANCE as being the type most undoubted, it would be much more erroneous to the extent of tens of Unfortunately, details of cargo that at least soma of the new patrol boats. types for detailed study. These were suited to Australia's needs. The design costly now to build PROTECTOR millions of dollars in directly identi­ would have been carried by the AOE In the event. Cockatoo won neither the the Dutch ZUIDERKRUIS and the will be slightly modified to allow for (AOE). fiable additional costs, much less the PROTECTOR are not available. LSH nor the patrol boat orders - a French DURANCE. some differences between the RAN • This would involve diversion of significant additional indirect costs. However, figures for the Canadian ship development which involved and the French Navy's requirements. funds from other projects for mari­ Although not commissioned until HMCS PRESERVER are published in The 1973 cancellation decision is The RAN will be using almost time defence — projects without expectations of no naval building work June 1975, the Dutch ZUIDERKRUIS JANE'S FIGHTING SHIPS, which also an excellent illustration of the highly exclusively diesel fuel by the time the which Australia would not have a at Cockatoo for some years. incorporated the lessons learned in the publishes those for the French ship disadvantageous long term conse­ new ship joins the fleet, whereas the viable maritime defence force. Now, perhaps because of a wish to quences that can be involved in building and operation of her elder half- DURANCE. Whilst these figures do not French Navy uses furnace fuel oil provide Cockatoo (in the maintenance allowing short term political and sister POOLSTER. The Dutch design represent an accurate comparison for a Reversion to the PROTECTOR (FFO). The RAN ship will carry a concept would involve even further of which the Government has a defence economic advantages to outweigh reflected the fact that their Navy in­ PROTECTOR and DURANCE, they cluded no carrier task group. Thus WESSEX 31B helicopter modified for delays. With the inordinate delays interest) with work, perhaps because of better judgement. do illustrate the enormous increase in Government concern for the Australian extra "payload capacity" was allocated service duties, whereas the French ship already suffered, this delay is un­ However, Mr Barnard's 1973 can­ payload obtained for a relatively small balance of payments, and perhaps to anti-submarine helicopters. operates a LYNX WG13 helicopter. acceptable. cellation decision did allow seven years increase in standard displacement: because of a Government wish to show ZUIDERKRUIS carries five such air­ The RAN ship will carry the new For these reasons, it is likely that for the procurement (by I960) of the the EEC that we mean business in the craft to operate from a hangar and Navy will proceed with the construction smaller, leu effective ship he considered HMCS PRESERVER FS DURANCE dispute over beef exports to the flight deck aft. of a DURANCE type AOR. Navy needed. Five years later, no ship Common Market, Victors Cockatoo Perhaps with their continued Displacement has been ordered. There is now no way 8,380 tons 7,500 tons FURTHER SHIPS? have been invited to tender. operation of aircraft carriers in mind, standard that the Navy can have a newly con­ 24,700 tons 17J300tons The November 1976 White Paper on the French designed DURANCE - full load Judgement on the validity of these structed ship by the time Mr Barnard Defence revived the two underway much the same size as ZUIDERKRUIS reasons lies without the scope of considered it necessary — by 1960. replenishment ship concept when it and the first purpose-built AOR to join Cargo NAVY'S columns. However, the lest As Mr Barnard left office in June 13,100 tons 7,550 tons said "consideration is being given to two are clearly non-defence reasons. It the French Navy - to operate only one FFO 1976, some credence must be placed 1,600 tons the later acquisition of a second ship to diesel 600 tons is this argument upon which those who on the arguments of those who contend helicopter (a LYNX WG13). 500 tons 400 tons provide added capacity for deployment contend that any extra cost incurred that some blame for the current By early 1977, when Navy's final aviation fuel 220 tons 1,048 tons and to permit operations in both by building the ship locally should not situation must be laid at the door of choice of type of ship was made, both dry stores 150 tons 1,260 tons eastern and western ocean areas." come out of the defence budget base our defence equipment procurement DURANCE and ZUIDERKRUIS had ammunition 130 tons nil Navy's plan until the last few weeks their case. been at sea long enough with their distilled water system.

May/June/July, 1978 M.y/June/July, 1978 Page Four THE NAVY THE NAVY Pig* FN* ... . .-.-.•.

arms traffic... countries may buy the vessels and the weapons and AN ASSESSMENT have men trained in their use, but the building up of an efficient, reliable, operational navy, especially an ocean going navy, is a OF THE NAVY very long, hard slog indeed." The characteristics and capabilities }Y VICE ADMIRAL A M. SYNNOT. AO, CBE CHIEF OF NAVAL STAFF of our present maritime forces are well known. However they were structured to meet requirements existing before tories, and to deal with lesser scale It is necessary to set the scene by making a brief reference to the recent fundamental change to our strategy as it is from here that our defence policies must flow. The activities which are aimed at interfering with our peaceful pursuits. strategic circumstances. What should be the implications of recent White Paper on Australian Defence discussed in some detail Assuming that you accept my con­ this new strategy for our maritime Australia's strategic circumstances. This must be the starting point for tention that the defence of Australia forces? HMASJERVISBAY. any discussion of our Navy. and its interests is largely dependent on a maritime strategy, I will go on to We need to have a force capable of time forces to act in a deterrent role from sovereignty control to protection There has been a fundamental than purely Naval forces. I include in discuss the Navy today. deterring, in our neighbourhood, the places more emphasis than ever before of shipping and offensive naval transformation of the strategic circum­ particular RAAF aircraft with mari­ development of a situation leading to As a generalisation I would agree on the need for the RAN to be able to operations, supported where necessary stances that governed Australia's time patrol and strike capabilities instability or a threat to our interests. with what Professor Michael McGwire operate independently. by tactical aircraft. security throughout most of its history. which form an essential part of mari­ For his we need ocean-going maritime said at a recent ANU conference What kind of forces are needed as In particular it should be noted that it time forces. forces wh

May/June/July, 1978 Page Six THE NAVY Page Seven in the saying that the Navy will have to law enforcement by civil authorities. fight a war with the forces it has at the They are also used for hydrographk: outbreak. surveying, feet support, search and In a time of little evident threat, I rescue, and Naval Reserve training. therefore maintain that it is important With the likely increase to 200 nautical for the Defence Force to obtain miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone, versatile weapon systems (eg warships) we are about to enter into the produc­ with long procurement times - systems tion of larger patrol boats, more suited which we could not expect to obtain in to off-shore work. Just what the future the warning time before a direct threat requirement will be is unpredictable developed. This could be described as but in the short term the numbers we insurance against future uncertainty. have in mind should be adequate. Systems with short procurement times No article on the Navy would be should not be ordered until a need for complete without mention of the men them can be foreseen. and women. Service and Civilian, who I would like to deal now with some make up the team. Much is expected of commonly held misconceptions them nowadays but their calibre is high. It is clear to me that there is a Good material is coming along to cope continuing need into the future for with the challenges of the future. tactical air-power at sea. Quick reaction HMAS STUART, one of six River Class frigates. is even more important nowadays than We are necessarily subject to a it used to be. This can be provided in manpower ceiling which currently our ocean expanses only by tactical air­ stands at 16,380 Service personnel. craft which are part of the force con­ Our training programmes and posting cerned. patterns are under critical review to A formation of the McDonnell-Douglas Skyhawk attack bombers of the Royal ensure that we get the best return from The type of aircraft carrier and its Australian Navy. aircraft to provide this tactical air this, our most important and expensive power are changing. I see in the future resource. While losses of skilled a smaller ship with fewer aircraft. The ships, of denying information to the There is sometimes the miscon­ personnel through resignation or retire­ fixed-wing aircraft would be of the enemy force and of striking the enemy ception that missile armed small craft ment bear careful watching, the level short-take-off and vertical-landing type beyond the range of his missile would be adequate for our needs. It is of these losses is not such as to cause ^ which are simple to operate from ships. armament. certainly true that missile armed craft alarm about the ability of our Navy to have an important place in coastal operate efficiently. They would be armed with modern It is sometimes argued that we navies which operate in confined and precision guided weapons which would should concentrate on submarines In conclusion I believe that our sheltered waters. enable them to be more effective than because of their unique qualities. While maritime forces, although many of the larger numbers of conventionally it is true that submarines can operate ships are ageing, are generally adequate For us, such craft are relatively armed aircraft. in distant areas without any form of air for today's needs. They are well short procurement items; it would be A task group with such tactical support, and while in a highly intensive respected in this part of the world and wasteful to buy such obviously defen­ aircraft is capable of providing war situation their attack capabilities act as a deterrent to actions inimical to sive craft at a time of no perceived HMAS FLINDERS, an oceanographic and survey ship, she is similar in design to reconnaissance information to its own can be telling, in many lesser situations our interests. need and of low threat. the Philippine vessel A TYIMBA. submarines cannot be used effectively. The worries I have are whether our This can be expected to apply generally Moving from missile armed craft to maritime forces will be adequate in the in the future as it has in the past, for the more simple patrol boats, there is more distant future. I believe it will be instance in both the Korean and OUR COVER certainly a Defence Force need for of the greatest importance for the Vietnam campaigns. I therefore argue them now. They provide in an defence of Australia and its interests to that we need a proportion of The Swedish fast attack class craft-missile, Jagaren, name-craft of the class (P151), economical way. capabilities for patrol, maintain our relatively high standing as submarines in oui fleet, but not too apprehension, intelligence collection, a maritime power in the region well carrying the 57 mm L/70 gun system developed by A. B. Bofors. high a proportion. A new 57 mm gun and ammunition system has recently been developed. This gun, in naval sovereignty visits and for support of into the next century. mounting, is now in series production at the workshops, and has been adopted by several navies. This 57 mm L/70 automatic gun system has primarily been designed for small and medium-sized ships. It isa dual-purpose weapon, which is highly effective against aerial targets, including see-shimming missiles. It also has good effect against surface targets and is an excellent complement to anti-missile or torpedo weapon systems. The 57 mm gun has a low weight, in order to facilitate installation on board very small ships. Further, it hes been designed with a view to achieving easy handling and simple JOHN F. COGHLAN maintenance. The anti-aircraft ammunition is fully developed, and in service, and is of exactly the same design as the ammunition for the 40 mm gun. & CO PTY. LTD. In order to achieve a high effect against surface targets, a special surface-target shell has been designed, for combating ships. For this shell, • fuse with post-impact delay is used, ie the shell bursts SHIPPING & CUSTOM AGENTS inside the target, after having penetrated the hull. With Bofors'57 mm all purpose gun system, it has been possible to achieve a weapon that has a close-range anti-aircraft capacity comparable to that of a gun system strictly intended for anti-aircraft 53 QUEEN STREET, MELBOURNE, VIC 3000 use. At the same time, however, it has a high effect against naval targets, equal to that of guns of a TELEPHONE 61 2755 considerably larger calibre.

May/June/July, 1978 Page Eight THE NAVY May/June/July. 1978 THE NAVY ...... Tha following might "start" some­ writes them down make sure you gat a Crown of Britain, and moat of Aus­ copy for me." tralia's early Governors ware naval thing. officers. Letters The really sad thing about defence One hes often had to answer the SUBSCRIPTION FORM planning at the moment is that it is in And now our new Governor- question: "Who was The Father' of the hands of bureaucrats who really General, Sir Zelman Cowan, can be the Royel Australian Navy?" To "The Navy". To The wouldn't know the sharp end from the claimed by tha Navy as one of its own Box W34, PO, Wast Pennant Hills blunt end of a ship. sons. My answer is: Prime Minister NSW 2120 Australia They would say perhaps that the Alfred Deakin, who, before he went to I endow $4.50 being 'subscription to "The Navy" magazine within Editor In 1939, Sir Zelman, as a young military business is too important to be a Federal election in December 1908, Australia for 1% years (refer notes below). RAN Reserveman, was mobilised for put in the hands of military minds and set aside £l 08,000 for the building of war service in HMAS CERBERUS III Name there is some truth in that except that the first vessels of the new RAN. at Port Melbourne; known, since one must ask a very straightforward August 1,1940, as HMAS LONSDALE. Street question: The money wes later used by the Early in 1940 the present writer - new Fisher Labor Government — DEFENCE PRIORITIES "Since the department has no as Sir Zelman's Commanding Officer — which came to office early in 1909 — Suburb management objectives it obviously I refer to the correspondence congratulated the 20 year old RANR as part payment for the TBDs PARR A- does not know where it is going. How between Admiral Peek and Captain Writer who had become the Victorian MATTA and YARRA, which arrived in State Postcode.. the hell can it then decide spending Scarlett regarding lack of realism in Rhodes Scholar for that year. Australian waters in November 1910, priorities for the armed services?" defence spending. and the TBD WARREGO, which was Date. The answer is, of course, that it As the war wore on the young In December 1973 I was retained dismantled and shipped out from (Please Prim Clearly) can't but not to worry because it is only by the Defence Department to lead its RANR Writer progressed in the Service England and rebuilt at Cockatoo Dock­ taxpayers' money and when the test Please make cheques, postal orders or money orders payable to 'The Navy first (and last) Management Develop­ and eventually became Lieutenant Z. yard by 1912. comes it will not be the shiny bums ment Course in Canberra. Cower, RANR, and joined the staff of League". who will have to front up. Subscriptions commence in January of each year and a subscription My job was to lead off every morn­ the than Director of Naval Intelligence, Pages 28 and 29 of "THE Suggested management objectives ing with management by objectives and Commander R. B. "Cocky" Long, RAN. OFFICIAL HISTORY OF AUS­ reminder notice is forwarded to current subscribers — Annuel Subscription for the Defence Department. toward the end of the week to deal From that duty Lieutenant Cowan TRALIA IN THE WAR OF 1914-18", (Australian Dollars) within Australia $3.00 — Beyond Australia $6.00 (sea MUST with the participants' individual was lent to General Douglas Macarthur, Volume IX, 'The Royal Australian mail) - $9.00 (air mail). • have 90 per cent of the fleet opera­ 'Persons within, Australia commencing subscriptions to "The Navy" management plans. where he was assigned to Intelligence Navy", are relevant. tional and ready for sea at all times; magazine during the quarter commencing APRIL (ie, sub for IK years) One-third of the people attending duty. • have constant availability to deploy were naval officers, one-third were pro­ R. S. VEALE should remit $5.25; JULY (sub for 1% years) $4.50; and OCTOBER (sub at least one division at all times; The war ended, Rhodes Scholar fessional engineers or naval architects Commander RANR Ret for 1% years) $3.75. • have portable air defence capability Cowan proceeded to Oxford University and the remainder defence bureaucrats. 7 Joyce Street for ready deployment at any major for two years. On completion of a dis­ Attendance totalled 25. Elwood3184 city at short notice. tinguished course at Oxford Mr Cowen The course was titled "Managing by WANT joined the British Military Government Knowing Your Objectives" and the • minimum bureaucracy; in Germany where he was assigned to department had produced a booklet • minimum costs; an appointment which gave him prece­ which contained a forward from the • maximum efficiency; dence relative to that of an Army Briga­ permanent head informing the par­ a maximum equipment for the dier. After some years in that job Mr ticipants that they needed the manage­ Cowan returned to Australia to be­ defence dollar; ment training to meet the department's come, successively. Dean of the PHILLIPS ANTHONY MART a maximumcost reduction on internal objectives. Faculty of Law at Melbourne Uni­ costs; versity, Vice-Chancellor of New On that first morning I stood before • maximum forward planning. England University, Armidala, NSW the roomful of people (and they ware Now, if we linked the bureaucrats' and V.ce Chancellor of Brisbane good people, one should add) and pay system to those objectives and University. asked: made them work on pay for perfor­ "What are the objectives of your mance we might just be able to afford Sir Zelman was knighted on department?" GENERAL STOREKEEPER some decent equipment for all three January 1,1976. I was met with stunned silence. services. Whan his appointment as Governor- Every morning t asked. Four years Otherwise we shall just have to General (designate) was announced by later I still don't know the answer. teach the servicemen the old gladiatorial the Prime Minister, the Navy, particu­ You see, we accidently uncovered salute larly the RANR. was pleased and proud the simple truth that there are no "We, who are about to die, salute that one of its "youngsters" had been management objectives. The Defence YOU I" Department stumbles along without appointed to the highest office in the really knowing where it is going. LARRY HOINS land; la His Excellency Tha Governor- BOUNDARY STREET 47 Smith Street One story which came out of my General, representing Her Majesty The week with the department, and which I North Cairns. Old 4870 Quean, as Commander-in-Chief in and earnestly hope is untrue, though I fear over the Commonwealth of Australia, otherwise, goes as follows: Senior naval and its Dependencies, etc, etc. CHARTERS TOWERS, QLD, 4820 engineer bails up the permanent head AH Navy-types congratulate Sir and explains that I am embarrassing OUR NAVY GOVERNOR- Zelman and Lady Cowan, and wish Telephone: 97 or 402 them every morning by asking for tha GENERAL them good hearth and prosperity in department's objectives and could he their exalted offices. please have a copy to shut me up. Lieutenant Jamas Cook, RN (a Permanent head retorts "I don't know naval officer), "discovered" the Aus­ COMMANDER R. S. VEALE what they are but if the big bastard tralia which he duly claimed for tha RANR (Retired)

May / Jurw/ July. 1978 THE NAVY THE NAVY May /June/ July, 1*78 Page Ten "The Civilian Arm of the Navy'9

The principal objective of the Navy this knowledge will form a valuable DIVISIONS League of Australia is to stress the reserve for the Naval Service. New South Wales — Box 1719. SPEED-EGAS vital importance of Sea Power to the We invite you to swell our ranks GPO. Sydney. 2001. Commonwealth of Nations and the and so keep up to date with Maritime Victoria — Box 227. Post Office. important role played by the Royal Affairs to help to build an ever- Hawthorn. 3122. Australian Navy. increasing weight of informed public Queensland — 780 Gympie Road. opinion. The Navy League will then Chermside. 4032. The League supports the Naval become widely known and exercise Tasmania — 24 Clementina Reserve Cadets who are an important influence in the life of Street, Launceston, 7250. Wherever you live you can administered by the Royal Australian the Australian Nation. South Australia — Box 152BM, Navy, which Service provides The League consists of Fellows and GPO, Adelaide. 5001. depend on technical sea training for boys who Associates. All British subjects who Western Australia — Box 735. PO. intend to serve in the Naval or support the objectives of the League Fremantle. 6160. Merchant Services, also to those sea- art eligible for membership. Australian Captial Territory — 66 HIGH SPEED GAS minded boys, who do not intend to Members receive copies of the BradfieM Street, Downer, ACT, follow a sea career, but who given League's magazine "The Navy". THE GO-ANYWHERE GAS 2602. THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA Application for Membership For cooking and hot water at work, in the home or To: The Secretary, The Navy League of Australia, outdoors — caravaning, camping, boating and ( Division). forklift fuel Sir. I am desirous of becoming a Member of the Navy I eague of Australia with whusc objects I am in sympathy. For supplies contact any SPEED-E-GAS dealer or (Mr) Name (Mrs) (Miss) (Rank) Plcair Pri.it Clearly. BORAL GAS (QLD) Street Suburb.

Slate Postcode PTY LIMITED Signature Date Enclosed is a remittance for S6.00 being my first annual subscription.

AFTER COMPLETION. THIS FORM SHOULD BE DISPATCHED TO YOUR DIVISIONAL CULLEN AVENUE, WHINSTANES, SECRETARY NOTE LISTOF ADDRESSES ABOVE QLD Compliments of J & H CARPET SERVICE PTY LTD PRINCES HIGHWAY, SOUTH NOWRA, NSW Telephone 268 6999 Complete Carpet and Lino Service for HOMES — CLUBS — OFFICES — SHOPS Branches at: WARWICK, GYMPIE, MARYBOROUGH, BUNDABERG, GLADSTONE, Call at our Showroom to see a Full Range of Carpets and Vinyls ROCKHAMPTON. MACKAY, TOWNSVILLE, MT ISA and CAIRNS Phono Nowro 2 4182. 2 2946 p^Twrfv. THENAVY M«y.Jun«/July. 1*7» May/June/July, 1*78 THE NAVY Page Thirteen • • • ......

pair, each ship was armed with four 3~ and the integration of all operation* inch gum and two Umbo mortars. The Royal Canadian Navy ANNAPOLIS, with her sister Nl PIGON, mounted only one twin 3-inch gun and February 16. 1978. aha decision The Canadian Forces of today are a one Limbo, but carried a helicopter far cry from the separate former platform and hangar with one Sea King Havilland DHC7s IDASH-7.) for services from whence they came. — A SHORT HISTORY helicopter embarked. Top speed of the Canadian Armed Faroes. Among the more tangible results as the each class was 28 knots. The SO-eeat. four-angined unification process has evolved are the Short Take Off and Landing five functional commands where there The Naval Service of Canada was officially established on May 4, 1910. Like the new In May 1961, the former US sub­ ISTOU aircraft being produced were 11, the training schools reduced marine BURRFISH was transferred, Australian Fleet, which included former British ships, Canada also acquired the old cruisers by the Toronto company will be from 91 to 32 and the military trades and renamed GRILSE, for anti-sub­ utad in a paaaangei and freight streamlined from 346 to 98. And, most NIOBEand RAINBOW from the Royal Navy. marine warfare training duties on the transport rose by the Canadian visible of all, the common, dark-green U- Boats and received credit for Pacific coast. A further three sub- The former was constructed in Forces in West Oarmany. uniform. marinas ware ordered in April 1962, all 1897, and transferred to Canadian damaging several others. of the Oberon clan, built in Great The new aircraft will replace a Born in acrimonious debate 10 control in 1913. She was outmoded by In 1946 the Navy received the air­ Britain. The first boat, OJIBWA, joined Canadian CC-109 Cosmopolitan, a years ago, unification is not even e newer vessels and her top speed was craft carriers WARRIOR and the Canadian fleet in 1966, and was twin-engined turboprop transport memory for half of the military people only 18 knots. RAINBOW was com­ GLASGOW (renamed AURORA for MAGNIFICENT. Both flattops were followed by ONONDAGA in 1967, ••signed to Canadian Forces who have joined the Canadian Armed pleted in 1891 and purchased outright Canadian service) was laid up in July constructed in Britain, having been and OKANAGAN in 1968. From 1963 Europe on a regular rotating basis Forces since that memorable milestone. by the new naval force. Both cruisers 1922. The destroyers were also used |tid fawn during 1943. The former to 1966acomprafwnsivamooarnisation from Canada. The "Coamo" were disarmed and employed in the for training purposes but retained their M, returned to the Royal Navy in programme was instituted, including entered service in 1960. training role. NIOBE displaced 11,000 original armament of 3 x 4 inch, 1 x 1943 and the latter on June 14, 1957. the rebuilding of the St Laurent class tons and RAINBOW 3.600 tons. 2 pdr, and 4 x 21 inch torpedo tubes. Over 30 aircreft were normelly frigates with a helicopter capacity. During World War I the navy acquired By 1924 two depot ships had joined embarked on each carrier, broken up in 1974 and the last World two submarines, but for the most part the fleet as had four minesweeping Th, CfUifer$ 0NTAR|0 and In 1968 the overall strength of the War II River class frigate. GRANBY, its duties were of an escorting nature in trawlers, in 1925 CH14 and CH15 Q|JEB£C ^^ during the ^ Navy comprised one aircraft carrier, was also disposed of. The Federal Pre 11 dent off The the North Atlantic Ocean. were broken up. n M, relegated to training during four submarine*. 23 destroyer escorts, Today the Royal Canadian Navy is Navy League of Australia (Com­ Two destroyers. CHAMPLAIN and „ „ frigate strength an ocean escort, the supply ship Both submarines were constructed tn lat 40j By l952 primarily anti-submarine orientated mander F. G. Evans) visited by the Electric Boat Company, USA, VANCOUVER, were transferred from ttood „ 14 Riw cl-M (1 57fJ tonf 2 x PROVIDER, two maintenance ships, and since the withdrawal of BONA­ Northern Tasmania during April for the Chilean Navy. During a contro­ the Rpyal Navy in 1928.. They 4»# 6 x 40 mm, 19 knots); with 11 des- five research ships, six coastal mine­ VENTURE has relied solely on its versy between the builder and pros­ displaced 1,075 tons and mounted a troyers, including seven Tribels. sweepers, five gate vassals and four destroyers and frigates. The Navy for discussion* with the State pective owners, the submarines were similar armament to the earlier Twenty-one Bangor class fleet mine­ patrol craft. The BRAS D'OR, an anti­ currently operates 20 such vassals, PrastrJant of the League (Senator PATRIOT and PATRACIAN. submarine hydrofoil, was under con­ taken from Seattle, Washington, to sweepers (590 tons, 1 x 40 mm, 2 x 20 backed up by the Oberon submarines D. M. Davitt) and Branch offica- Canadian waters, after only narrowly During World War II the Royal mm, 16 knots); 17 smaller sweepers; struction. Another US submarine, and support ships. Total manpower is missing a United States ship sent to Canadian Navy was primarily res­ a minelayer; 10 launches; an icebreaker; ARGONAUT, was purchased in about 14,000. intercept them. America was at this ponsible for the safe escort of and 49 auxiliaries were also in service. December 1968 as a replacement for Commander Evans stayed with stage of the war still remaining neutral merchant ship convoys across the In addition nine Algerine class ocean the GRILSE. Renamed RAINBOW, she Senator and Mrs Devitt in Devonport, and unable to transfer or build Atlantic. In all 378 Canadian warships minesweepers (1,040 tons, 1 x 4", 4-8 was based at Esquimalt for anti-sub­ and visits ware made to Burnie, Ten years ago, Canada embarked on warships for any of the belligerent escorted 25,879 merchant vessels to x 20 mm, 4 x DCTs, 16 knots), built marine training. Four Restigouche Urvarttone, George Town and an experiment unique in military nations. Britain and 16,823 in the opposite for the Royal Navy during World War frigates received the Asroc anti-sub­ Launcaston. marine missile capacity from 1968-72, annals — the unification of its three By 1919 overall strength of the direction. The largest single convoy II, were ective within the fleet. thereafter being known as the Improved Services. At 8urme the visitors were shown force was 16 vessels. The fleet included escorted was during August 1944, when 167 merchantmen were safely The first major post-war new Restigouche class. It was on February 1, 1968, that the new NRC Unit headquarters in the two cruisers and two submarines; construction was the seven-ship St legislation to abolish the Royal courta of erection on the Burnie fore two torpedo boats, GRILSE (226 convoyed to European waters. Laurent class anti-submarine frigates. During 1969 construction began on Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army shore, and at Ulverttone and George tons, 2x12 pdr, 1 x torpedo tube, 30 Eight Tribal class destroyers joined Each of the new vessels displeced four DDH 280 Iroquois class helicopter and the Royal Canadian Air Force was Town plans for new NRC buildings knots) and TUNA (150 tons, 1 x 3 pdr, the fleet from 1942, as did seven old 2,000 tons standard and were armed destroyers. Each ship was designed to proclaimed, and the Canadian Armed 2 x torpedo tubes, 24 knots); one flush-deckers from surplus stocks of with 4x3 inch 50 calibre guns housed accommodate two Sea King helicopters Forces — a single unified military sloop named ALGERiNE (1,060 tons, the US Navy, plus several British built Commander Evans and Senator and in twin mounts, homing torpedoes and and fire Sea Sparrow anti-aircraft service — was created. 4x3 pdr, 3 x MG, 13% knots); eight vessels. Over 100 ships participated in Mrs Devitt were guests at TS LEVEN'S two limbo mortars. missiles from a quadruple launcher for­ Unification was the third and last patrol vessels; and the SHEARWATER, the Normandy landings on June 6,1944, 25th Birthday dinner-dance, e vary ward of the bridge. step in a process which began in 1964 an ex-sloop classified as a submarine Four Tribal class raided Axis shipping The aircraft carrier BONA- successful event, attended by Officers with the appointment of a single Chief end Instructors from other Tasmanian depot ship. in the English Channel, while destroyer VENTURE joined the fleet in 1957, BONAVENTURE paid off on April escorts, frigates, corvettes, mine- having been originally laid down as of the Defence Staff, followed in 1966 cadet units, end by many friends and Two additional submarines were 1, 1970, and was towed to Taiwan for HMS POWERFUL, in November 1943. by the reorganisation of the navy, supporters of the flourishing presented by Britain in January 1919. sweepers, torpedo boats and assault demolition, leaving Halifax on October She was the first carrier owned by army and air force command structure Utvsrstone unit. The pair was commissioned in June craft assisted in the extensive mine- 27. Joining the fleet during 1969 and Canada and was purchased in July and thereafter known as CH14 and sweeping of the coastal inlets and pro­ 1970 ware two additional replenish­ 1952. BONAVENTURE carried 21 air­ CH15. The former light cruiser HMS tected the seaward flanks of the ment ships, PRESERVER and Kindly Sponsored by... craft, her final complement comprising GLASGOW arrived in Canadian waters convoys, PROTECTEUR, built like the earlier ONTARIO during 1920, as did two war-built Canada was also represented in the Trackers and Sea Kings, PROVIDER to carry three helicopters. BLEAKHOUSE HOTEL destroyers, PATRIOT and southern Franca invasion and at the and QUEBEC were declared surplus The first post-war frigate to be laid up landing of British troops in Greece in to requirements in 1958 and sold to was the ST LAURENT, in 1974, while *7 BEACONSFIEIO MX ALBERT PARK, VK PATRACIAN. GLASGOW was com­ three of the Restigouche class, pleted by Devonpon Dockyard in October 1944. Following the outbreak the shopbreakers in 1959. COLUMBIA, ST CROIX and • Cold Beer always on tap • Full range o! Wines October 1914, and saw war service of conflict in the Pacific, the Royal Following on from the St Laurent CHAUDIERE, were declared surplus & Spirits • Friendly atmosphere end service with the Grand Fleet. Like the earlier Canadian Navy dispatched 60 warships frigates went seven Restigouche class, and paid off into category "C" reserve NIOBE and RAINBOW, she carried no to the new theatre of operations. By four Mackenzie class and two Annapolis during the same year, RAINBOW was Telephone: M ISM After a very brief career. war's end the Navy had sunk 17 German class. With the exception of the final

May / Juna/ July, 1978 Page) Fourtoon THE NAVY May/June/July, 1B7I THE NAVY . •

Join the

The Petty Officers defeated the Around the Tasmanian Officers in their annual race. Units NAVAL RESERVE CADETS Division YORK and TAMAR joined in the >-^ Compiled by A. J. Lee celebration of BATMAN WEEK in the Tamar Valley. Cadets from Tamar, All northarn units participated in with their band led by P/O M. Wheldon, •Operation Jubilee Salute" which took headed a large parade of period If you are between ffce ages of 13 and IB years: the form of • combined march with vehicles, horses and drays, marching bands. Army Reserve, Naval Reserve girls and bands through the City of The Naval Reserve Cadets are ad­ the normal duties and activities of general sporting activities and other Cadets and Air Training Cadets. The Launceston. Ex-POPTI Darryi Cullen ministered by the Australian Naval the Cadet Corps. If injured while on varied subjects. march raised favourable comment from played the part of "Town Cryer". It Board. duty. Cadets are considered for the crowds who gathered to watch. was a hot morning and after the parade The Naval Reserve Cadets provide payment of compensation. Instructional camps are arranged Cadets from the far northwest had was over the performers had developed for the spiritual, social and educa­ for Cadets and they are also given to muster by 0630 hours at local Army a large thirst. At Georgetown, cadets tional welfare of boys and to develop Parades are held on Saturday after­ opportunities, whenever possible to Depots for transport to the march. The from YORK with ship's company from in them character, a sense of noon and certain Units hold an addi­ undertake training at sea in ships of units participating were YORK, HMAS BETANO led the parade through patriotism, self-reliance, citizenship tional parade one nsjht a week the Royal Australian Navy. TAMAR. MERSEY, LEVEN and EMU that town. YORK has also received the and discipline. while in the Hobart March cadets from good news that the local council are The interesting syllabus of training Cadets, it considering a sea career, TS DERWENT filled the ranks. preparing to build their new head­ Uniforms are suppHed free of covers a wide sphere and includes are given every assistance to join the charge. seamanship, handling of boats After the march TS TAMAR field quarters as a project for unemployment Royal Australian Navy, the Mer­ Cadets are required to produce a under sail and power, navigation, an Open Day for the public to see the and will rent the premises to the unit cantile Marine or tne Royal Aus­ certificate from their doctor to con­ NRC in action. MERSEY, LEVEN and when it is finished. L/S David Cox of physical training, rifle shooting, tralian Naval Reserve, but there is no firm they are capable of carrying out EMU opened their Depots on the fol­ YORK was awarded the PIER HOTEL Cadets from T. S. MERSEY prepare to signalling, splicing of wire and ropes. compulsion to |Oin these Services. lowing day. TS LEVEN entered a float TROPHY as the most improved cadet hoist a welcome signal at the annual in the local Christmas Parade in the of the year. breakup. From laU to right: A/Bs For lurttwr Information, please contact ttM Senior Offlcar In your Stata, using tha form provided form of a boat, decorated with flags, Fisher and Lucas. PO Kunta and L/S On March 18, LEVEN celebrated lights, and ship's wheel and binnacle. Prior. the 25th year of recognition with a For their efforts they were awarded a dinner-dance at the local rowing club. $50 prize which will help swell the SENIOR OFFICERS,NAVAL RESERVE CADETS: SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Staff Office Cadets, HMAS It was quite a hectic weekend with funds for their rebuilding which they Multi-nation exercise for NEW SOUTH WALES: SUN Offlca Cadets, HMAS Watson, Encounter, PO Bos 117, Port Adelaide, 5015. many visitors and guests who were expect to commence this year. Lieu­ Watsons Bay. NSW, 2030. VICTORIA: Staff Office Cadets, HMAS Lonsdala, Rout. associated with LEVEN in past years RAN Reservists P Street, Port Melbourne, 3207. tenant Doug Baillie has resigned from and serving NRC personnel from all DERWENT and his place as com­ Almost 150 Royal Australian QUEENSLAND: Staff Office Cadats. HMAS Morton, Box TASMANIA: Staff Offlca Cadats. HMAS Huon. Hobart. Tasmanian units. Among guests were manding officer has been filled by Naval Reserve personnel were 1416T, GPO Brisbane, 4001. 7000. the Federal President of The Navy Lieutenan; Max (Spider) Webb. Several WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Staff Offlca Cadets, HMAS AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY: Staff Offlca Cadets, League, Commander F. G. Evans, and mobilised during April to take new officers have been proposed for Leeusrln. PO Box 58, FremantJe, 6160 HMAS Watson, Watsons Bay, NSW, 2030. the State President, Senator Devitt. part in a multi-nation exercise DERWENT and MACQUARIE, in­ cluding a new CO for the latter. designed to test plans and pro­ cedures for the control and pro­ In January the Division mustered 1 1 for its Annual Continuous Training at RCSCC RAINBOW tection of merchant shipping in i TO: The Senior Officer. . Fort Direction, commanded by the Marks Tenth Anniversary the Pacific and Indian Oceans in 1 Naval Reserve Cadets, Senior Officer, Tasmania, Lieutenant the event of hostilities. I am interested in jom.ng the Navel Reserve Cadets and would be pleased to receive further Commander Heath. Officers and cadets It's their 60th anniversary this year | information. This latest routine allied naval from all units took part. As is now the and the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets' exercise, nicknamed Roll Call, began general trend with NRC training, no Rainbow Corps in Victoria, BC, is on Monday, April 3, and continued I 1 sea time was included. Four 14-foot planning a homecoming reunion June until Friday, April 14. Participating RNSAs were available for the 120 3-4. countries besides Australia were cadets in camp. This camp marked the The Victoria Branch of the Navy Canada, New Zealand, the United | STREET SUBURB 1 25th year since the first ACT was held League of Canada is sponsoring the Kingdom and the United States. in Tasmania, though it is not the 25th event in conjunction with the corps' • STATE OR TERRITORY POSTCODE ' camp. For some years no ACT was annual inspection, and preliminary Exercise Director for Roll Call was the RAN Chief of Naval Staff, Vice held. To celebrate the occasion, the arrangements include a reception and Admiral A. M. Synnot. Wardroom held a commemorative dance on the evening of June 3 and an In Australia, where more than 50 1 dinner. The results of the competitions open house the next afternoon. WRAN Reservists were called up in . (Please Print Clearly) at the camp were: Best Division, Former cadets from RAINBOW, addition to mala reservists, headquarters Quarterdeck, Lieutenant Beasely; Wrenettes from the PATRICIA were activated in Canberra and at Runner-up, Main Top, Lieutenant DUFOUR Corps, officers and in­ 1 Please address your envelope to the Senior Olticer. Naval Reserve Cadets, in your State or | Beard; Senior Officer's Trophy for major ports to operate around the clock. structors from these corps and former Territory — see list ol addresses above. . Marksmanship, TS LEVEN; A. J. Reservists were supported by staffs of Navy League members from Victoria William's prize for sailing, TS YORK. RAN and RAAF officers. are invited.

May/June/July. 1978 THE NAVY Page Seventeen Page Sixteen THE NAVY May/June/Jury, 1978 THE NAVY LEAGUE: A CONSPECTUS TEXTOF MY ADDRESS TO THENA VAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY VICTORIAN CHAPTER by COMMANDER F. G. EVANS, Federal President of The Navy League of Australia

FOR When the Secretary, Wendy Coxhead, asked me some munity as a whole. (When I use the time ago to address the Society on the subject of The Navy word "maritime", I mean it to include not only the Navy and Naval Air, but League, I thought this might sound a rather dreary title and the merchant shipping industry and FOOTWEAR suggested it might be more interesting if I spoke about a everything to do with the sea.) visit I made to North America at the end of last year. The early history of The Navy However the list of speakers arrived League in Australia is very sketchy, The main channels of activity are: in due course and I saw that my as far as I can determine branches of The training of youngsters in sea subject was "The Navy League The United Kingdom Navy League were lore (L-O-R-E - the aim is not to Conspectus". formed in Melbourne in 1915 and produce sea-lawyers or that well known My first action was to look up the Sydney at about the same time. Rather character, the lower deck lawyer). This dictionary to see what "Conspectus" later than this a sub-branch was formed training is carried out through the well- meant. You are no doubt more learned in Northern Tasmania. 55 Gill Street known Sea Cadet movement. than I am and will know that it means From the start, the activities of the Charters Towers, Qid — "A general sketch or survey - • The other major activity could perhaps league appear to have been concentrated synopsis". be described as: on Sea Cadets - in those days known Having established what I was "Taking an active interest in mart- as "Navy League Cadets". Eventually Telephone: 403 expected to speak about, I noted that time affairs, particularly in Naval there were at least 12 companies (as the subject was not "The Navy League defence"; in a sense this is an edu­ they were called) of these cadets in the of Australia" but just "The Navy cational activity aimed at the com­ 12/13-18 age group - about 300 or so League": I realised then that my subject was very broad indeed because there are many navy leagues in the world, and so I could bring in the IN MACKAY — 24 HOUR TOWING 7 DAYS A WEEK United States and Canadian navy leagues, and therefore at least mention RADIO CONTROLLED VEHICLES my travels. It it in fact quite proper to talk about navy leagues outside Austrelia, as we in the League in Australia are part of a quite large international Mackay Towing Service family. Navy leagues exist in most European countries, in North and South America, in South Africa and in New Zealand. SPECIALISTS IN HEAVY SALVAGE The Australian Navy League, and indeed most British Commonwealth leagues, had its origin in the United Smash — Breakdown recoveries — Storage — Boats — Caravans — Cars — Trucks Kingdom. Referring once again to my diction­ — Tractors, etc — For Fast, Efficient Service ary - to me this is an absolutely essential publication - it will be seen (in the Concise Oxford edition at least) Phone: MACKAY 57 7477 that under the word "Navy" there is a sub-heading "Navy-League" and the 57 4275 (Night) following description: - A body formed in 1895 with the object of arousing interest in the For personal service ask for SLIM JONES Brit.ih Navy - Deleting the word "British" this is still the basic aim of all navy leagues, OLOUGHUN ST, NORTH MACKAY, QLD although they pursue their aims in different ways.

P«g« Eighteen THE NAVY MayUuneWuly, 195 May/Juno/July, 1978 Staff, Sir Victor Smith, initiated moves present NRC). Altogether the Canadian lads in all. There was alio a similar group Reserves and consisting of members of 38,000 members in some 300 councils, discharged members of the USN, to rally support for the Navy among Navy League and branches contribute of boys who trained on Snapper Island both the Navy and Navy League, was and it is very much a maritime affairs Marine Corps and Coastguard in the the many extra-Naval groups, including something like a million dollars annually in Sydney Harbour, but this group, formed to advise the Naval Board, and orientated body. It does have a sea transition from service to civil life. the Federal Council of The Navy the Navy League. This was very much to the Royal Canadian Sea Cadet Corps, although it eventually became affiliated cadet corps of 6,000 members, which, Our American colleagues throw League, on Sea Cadet matters. in line with our own thinking. as it is still known, despite unification with the Navy League, was never a by Australian and Canadian standards, themselves into these activities with One of the problems, though, was of the Canadian armed forces — but for part of the League. The guiding star of The fact that the Sea Cadet Council receives minimal US Navy support. tremendous enthusiasm, but then they that we did not know what was how much longer one does not know. Snapper Island was the redoubtable was an advisory body only, and had no There are legislative restrictions on the do this in almost every sphere of Len Forsythe, who you will no doubt executive authority — Navy and Navy happening in the Navy, or what the USN which prevent it from providing So far as maritime defence is con­ activity. have heard of, and.whose friendship I League were each responsible for their Navy wanted or expected of us. To cut direct financial aid, but the Navy does cerned, our Canadian colleagues have t must say it, but Americans in the have enjoyed for many years — even own spheres of interest — was a a long story short, we agreed to help help where it can, and many units trouble in finding a navy to support in main do not bother to hide their love though I often disagreed with his fierce weakness, as in effect the Sea Cadet provided we were "put in the picture" operate in naval establishments. the unified forces, and they have a of country: they are proud of America desire for autonomy for his cadet unit. Corps had two masters (which is never - at the same time we reserved the rather frustrating time in this regard. It and not ashamed to show it. Perhaps very satisfactory) and decision making right to be critical, and made it clear The United States Navy League's These brenches of The United is, I think, worth recording that the Australians feel the same way about was a dreadfully protracted business. that we had no intention of becoming considerable contribution to American Kingdom League continued quietly Canadian Navy League provided us in Australia, but except on rare occasions Looking at the Defence Department an unpaid public relations organisation. thinking is made in many forms, but enough (as far as I can judge) until Australia with a great deal of informa­ notably through the magazine "Sea- one would never know — it certainly today, I don't think things have changed In the event, starting in 1968-69, 1946, when approaches were made to tion which was very useful when we power" which is almost required makes life rather frustrating for the very much! The Australian Navy League began to the Australian Naval Board for formal were criticising some aspects of defence reading by members of Congress, and office-bearers of organisations such as However the Australian Sea Cadet take a very close interest in maritime recognition of the cadets by the RAN integration in Australia some years ago. by a number of programmes both The Navy League of Australia, and Corps (ASCC) grew rapidly - from defence, and in the wellbeing of the and some form of assistence. At least we were able to avoid some of educational and service in nature. The perhaps the Naval Historical Society. nine units and about 430 members in RAN and, if I may say so, has become My own connection with The Nevy the pitfalls. former includes a speakers' bureau (to Thank you very much for inviting 1948-49, 18 units and 883 cadets in quite knowledgeable on the subject. League and the Sea Cadet movement provide speakers to local community me to address you tonight, and the 1953, to 38 units and 2,500 cauets in This has only been made possible by began at about this time as, pending Turning to the United States Navy groups); sea power seminars (conducted opportunity to record a little piece of 1963. At this stage a halt WL< r .(led by the excellent "working" association the formation of the Naval Reserve League, we find an organisation which, in all major cities); a "Shipmate" Navy League history. The person with the Commonwealth, which had not which developed between members of after World War II, as a recently although it was founded (in 1902) for programme, which involves educational a knowledge of past events — of bargained for such an expansion, and it the federal council and successive demobilised lieutenant I was asked by the same reason as the United King­ tours of maritime installations and history — has many advantages over his is fair to say also that the cadets had chiefs of Naval Staff, namely Admirals the late Commander Ron Nettlefold, dom League, has developed along dif­ ships for young people; Navy Day fellows. Provided he does not become outstripped the Navy League's ability Smith, Peek, Stevenson, and, I am who at the time had the imposing title ferent lines to those followed by the celebrations, and so on. immersed and lost in the past, but can to provide the buildings and handle the happy to say, it continues with the of "State Commandant of Navy British Commonwealth leagues (except, The service activities include: apply what he has learned from it to League Cadets", to help with the administration. present CNS, Vice Admiral Synnot. perhaps, by The Australian Navy • assistance with recruiting the present, he has the opportunity to instruction of the youngsters. Un­ I propose to say very little more And so, as I speak to you in 1978, League in recent years). The Navy AND contribute the kind of leadership our fortunately Commander Nettlefold about the cadet side of the League. In in a federal sense at least, the Navy League of the United States has about * Highline — an operation to assist country needs. became ill soon after this and I found 1966 the Director of Naval Reserves League in Australia is quite deeply myself acting in his place. There can be and I put in separate reports on the involved in defence issues, and evidence few people who started and finished at future of the ASCC, and following very of this can be seen in a great many the top of an organisation! long drawn-out negotiations, the Navy newspaper cuttings and magazine arti­ League relinquished control of the cles, and in quite a few metres of Be that as it may, the Naval Board ASCC, which became the Naval television film. In a way, we ate back Greendale quite rightly said that it would not deal Reserve Cadets, on January 1, 1973. at the original starting point of the with a collection of state branches be­ Navy League in the United Kingdom - longing to a United Kingdom organisa­ In retrospect, the change of name was a mistake; the cadets are not "a body formed with the object of tion, and so a rather loose federal arousing interest in the Navy". 6 of members of the Naval Reserve, nor in A n council of the branches was formed: very soon afterwards The Navy League any sense are they members of the Time is running out, and I doubt I of Australia was formed, quite separate Armed Forces, and we are the only will be able to say much about my Perth's from the United Kingdom body, but country so far as I know which has North American travels after all) affiliated to it. "Recognition" of the abandoned the traditional title of "Sea I But I will take a quick look at the tj t Navy League Cadets was granted by Cadet" used to identify youngsters in Navy Leagues of the United States and most ACNB in 1949. this particular sea-training movement. Canada, as they provide an interesting comparison with our own. The Australian Navy League's pre­ Although I have spoken of the exciting occupation with Cadet training Navy League's preoccupation with I visited these two countries at the WE BIHLD IN THE METRO AREA. MANDURAH AND continued. The "Navy League Cadets" cadet training, this is not to say that its invitation of their navy leagues in PINJARRAl were renamed and they became maritime objectives were completely October and November last year, and homes members of the Australian Sea Cadet ignored: I think the League was able to in the space of six weeks — five of Corps: in 1952 The Naval Defence Act help Sir John Collins (when he was them on the mainland — visited some was amended to allow the Navy to CNS) with the Fleet Air Arm in the 15-cities and naval centres in the two are on provide assistance for the ASCC. late 40s. However it was not until the countries. mid-60s, when the RAN was receiving While the Navy League continued The Canadian Navy League also had very bad publicity following a series of display in to "own" the Cadet Corps, provided its origin in the United Kingdom, and a House & Land Packages accidents, including the loss of the buildings and administered the Canadian branch was formed right at VOYAGER, that a number of us felt From $28,484 corps, the Navy assumed responsibility the start — in 1895. The Navy League that the Navy League would have to Rockingham DISPLAY CENTRE OPEN:. for the supply of uniforms and equip­ of Canada, in its present national form, give much more attention to its naval 10 am 5 pm weekend & Public Holidays ment, and for training. came into being in 1918. It is essentially 2 pm 5 pm, 6 30 pm 9 pm Wed interests. a sea cadet organisation and controls Divisions of the Navy League were ? pm 5 pm Weekdays some 12,000 cadets in partnership with formed in all states and in the ACT, I think it could be said that the the Department of Naval Defence (this and an Australian Sea Cadet Council, League's priorities started to change in Homes ptyhd H&&S? 1*086)273677 is more than four times the size of the the Ouolltv Buiitfei headed by the Director of Naval 1968, when the then Chief of Naval WOCfclnfUTW. W.A. A/ffl |M toO\

THE NAVY May/June/July, 1978 May/June/July, 1(78 Page Twenty THE NAVY P»g« Twenty-One ......

to determine, and a large vessel becomes An air-operated grapnel-throwing almost uncontrollable at slow speeds. Three-minute operation Using the "Ti-Fast" system, the tanker can approach at a reasonable gun simplifies the mooring of speed to anywhere within 70 metres on either side of the messenger and be sure of picking it up, taking two-three large vessels in open waters minutes to complete the operation. Trials on board the 85,000 ton dwt ESSO WARWICKSHIRE, serving Brent The "Ti-Fast" system can grapple a 30-mm messenger Spar Terminal in the North Sea (Fig 3), line at a range of 100 metres . . . completely safe have shown that the system is fully in hazardous environments effective, by day or by night, in winds up to Force 8 and sea-state 6 con­ A pneumatic grapnel-throwing gun with a range of 100 metres ditions. Even in calm weather mooring (Fig 1}, which greatly simplifies the mooring of shuttle tankers to oil is speeded up - especially at slack terminals, or to production and storage vessels at buoys in the open water, when the messenger can lie in tortuous curves on the water. sea, has been developed by Flight Refuelling Ltd, of Wimborne, When used to make first contact Dorset. The gun is mounted in gimbals on the tanker's bow, giving it between a moored storage vessel and a an arc of fire of 300 degrees. It fires a projectile consisting of a canister shuttle tanker, the "Ti-Fast" gun is loaded with 100 metres of 5-mm polyester line, which is paid out in mounted near the stern of the moored FIG 3 flight, allowing the canister to splash down on the other side of a vessel. As the shuttle tanker approaches, the projectile is fired across her fore- messenger line floated out from the terminal. Spring-loaded hooks on The "Ti-Fast" gun has a guaranteed with explosive violence. Sights are so deck and falls into the sea beyond. The range of 100 metres in still air, when arranged that when the gun is aimed at the canister (Fig 2) form a grapnel designed to engage lines up to 30 5-mm line is used to haul over a 25-mm fired from a height of 20 metres above the floating messenger, the projectile mm in diameter. messenger, followed by warps which the water line with an air supply pres- will fall about 15 metres beyond it. All are secured to the bow and stern of the 2 ure of 85 psi (6 kg/cm ). The air is parts of the projectile are reusable; tanker. The moored vessel can then first admitted to a storage chamber, reloading with 5-mm line takes approxi­ winch her alongside. whence it is released by press-button mately 20 minutes.

FIG 2 Clyde Engineering Conventional methods of making first contact between tanker and ter­ minal, by taking a line from a boat or hanging a grapnel from the tanker's bow to pick up a floating messenger, (Q'land) Pty Ltd are both very difficult to carry out in strong winds with high seas or surface currents. Under such conditions, the exact position of the messenger is hard Specialists in:

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THE NAVY May/June/July, 1978 May/ June/ July, 1978 Page Twenty-Two THE NAVY P»0e Twonty-Thrw

. .._^^*^JR«L^ ..._ . . . . her. A party of 48 men were landed, the radio equipment was busted ashore but a wireless operator was quick Australia's first naval enough to get out a signal before the Germans could act. The message was received - HMAS battle honour SYDNEY was coming - fasti The cruiser of the RAN was capable of 26 knots at speed. Four hundred and fifty- THE SYDNEY- EMDEN BATTLE seven feet long and 50 feet wide, carrying eight six-inch guns, the sleek cruiser was built in Scotland, being laid The ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY came of age during November down in 1911 and launched in 1912. 1914 when the light cruiser HMAS SYDNEY pulverised a fighting The 48 men were left behind on German ship in 10 minutes. The SMS EMDEN, a light cruiser, gave once more MARKOMANNIA was Direction Island a* the EMDEN pulled away her short career as a raider when off Port Refuge as she trans­ forced to carry prisoner*. A total of out and SYDNEY moved in on her seven victims in seven days — the target at full spaed. Smoke was sighted mitted a message to her oiler, BURESK. Germans prowled on. Madras was the at 9.15 am and at 9.40 am SYDNEY SMS EMDEN, a cruiser of 3,650 the fleeing German fleet. The following main port of the south eastern Indian opened up; EMDEN retaliated and tons, was laid down in June 1906 at day she upanchored and steamed out coast and Von Muller kenw if he hit some minor damage was suffered, the the Danzig Dockyard and completed in preparing for action and a fourth the port he would disrupt the shipping rangefinder was destroyed and 1909 - she was commissioned the fol- dummy funnel was built to change her that passed through the Bay of Bengal. SYDNEY, under Captain John Glossop. lowing year. EMDEN was some 387 appearance into that of a British Thus, EMDEN steamed on and with struck back, hitting EMDEN'S bridge, feet length by 43 feet in width with cruiser. On September 7 a victim was great audacity one night hurled Y/& forefunnel and wireless room. The 10 four-inch guns, carrying a crew of the neutral Greek vessel PONTO shells into the port. Two warships took EMDEN looked like shredded cheese, 360 men in wartime. SMS EMDEN was POROROS, loaded with British coal; chase, one Japanese and the other the with great holes in her superstructure, was near — as he was heading for the chased and overtaken, her crew were commanded by Captain von Muller the following day SS INDUS was taken; British cruiser HMS HAMPSHIRE. her steering was gone and the range- North Keeling Island, the ship ran quick enough to scuttle her and they when news of the declaration of war prisoners were placed on board the finders broken — the 100-pound shells On September 26, the vessel KING aground at 11.15. The seacocks were were picked up by other naval vessels. was received. The cruiser had served at German ship MAHKOMANNi A O~ n from SYDNEY had done their fob well. LUD fell, followed that night by the opened up, SYDNEY once more In just six months tome 70,000 tons Tsingtao (China) - war had been September 11 a further two merchant­ capture of the steamer TYMERIC, and At 10.45 EMDEN'S guns ceased to opened up and a gallant enemy ship of shipping was taken before one expected with Japan as she headed for men fell victim, they were KOVAT and the Germans learnt of the chaos that fire and Von Muller realised the end was pulverised. BURESK was eventually fighting Australian warship came of age. KABINGAH; KOVAT was sunk just the Far Eastern Squadron in the had been left behind. September 27 before a further two fell, KILLAN and Marianas commanded by Admiral von saw the collier BURESK quickly Spee. The cruiser reached Pagan DIPLOMAT. followed by RIBERA and FOYLE. Harbour on August 12, tieing up along­ SS KABINGA, with an over The crewmen were then put on board side Von Spaa's flagship SCHARNOST. abundance of POWs, was set free to GRYFEVALE and set free. EMDEN Eric Pratt Pty Ltd. Wholesale Distributor* of Ampc 1 Product)i , supply On August 13 EMDEN recoaled sail to freedom after the collier and her mini-fleet turned south to the and at a meeting Von Muller put for- TR A80CK was struck. EMDEN and Maldive Islands to recoel; BURESK the following resellers in the Shoalhavoii district ward a suggestion that one ship stay her two charges took off and they refuelled the cruiser and MARKO­ behind and divert attention away from captured CLAN MATHERSON and MANNIA took mail for home. The first days of October were spent cleaning up. on October 9 EMDEN and BURESK sailed into 44 1041 Diego Garcia harboui to refuel; the 29993 cruiser was combat ready on the 10th. Five days later CLAN GRANT and a 41 9191 barge were taken - the BEN MOHR 41 997* was also captured that night. The 19th Milton: (Ken MensfieM Pty Ltd). Princes Highway S51999 saw quite a procession of victims — TROILUS, EXFORD.CHILBURN and 2 9199 ST EGBERT. HMS HAMPSHIRE was 299*9 sighted in the distance that night. 29992 Von Muller decided on another raid, St Georges Basin (Bob Geffrey's Serv Stn) this time it was to be Penang Harbour; the cruiser moved in and attacked on 49 4369 October 28, torpedoeing the Rur-ian 41 2297 cruiser JEMTCHUNG, and outside the port she took CLAN TURRENT. She 49 4999 also took on the French torpedo boat 99 1497 destroyer MOSQUETON. sinking it. Two days later she took the NEW BURN and turned it into a hospital CAMBEWARRA ROAD, BOMAOERRY, NSW ship. The dummy funnel was put in place on the 9th of that month. The Telephone: (044) 2 SOU disguised cruiser boldly steamed into Port Refuge where the British expected HMAS SYDNEY ef Durmfin, New Zmimd. M»y; Jurw/July, 1971 THE NAVY May/June/July Pees Twenty The Page Twenty Tour THE NAVY _i " MINEHUNTING CATAMARAN ^»% For Professional An artist's impression of the MHCAT, selected to re­ easy removal. The advantage* seen In such a concept are: place the ageing Ton-claw minehunters MHA Ships SNIPE a centralised repair and maintenance of the removable, and CURLEW. containerised minehunting system Car & Truck At 30 metres length end 160 tonnes displacement, these a maximum flexibility of the basic vessel to provide vessels are not intended to have an all weather, long multi-role capability distance or deep ocean capability. They are designed to be • minimum crew size, and inexpensive, but highly capable minehunters for the inshore a a much cheeper craft titan conventional minehunting wmmr Rust Prevention waters environment in limiting weather conditions. vessels. The MHCAT will have the minehunting system con­ The prototype MHCATs will be available for evaluation tainerised and this sea, road, air-transportable control in the eerly 1980s end should they prove successful, further centre will ride piggy-back on the catamaran hull. production vessels are planned to enter service in the mid to The mine disposal system alto will be modularised for late 1980s. 3 DASHWC)O D PLACE DARWFIN , NT

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Page Twenty-Six THE NAVY May.'June/July. 19 May/June/July. 1978 THE NAVY Pag* Twenty-Seven The White Paper on THOMAS NOWRA MOTEL BORTHWICK & Restructuring the FOR EXCELLENT ACCOMMODATION SONS • 34 Units • Colour TV • Tea-making Italian Armed Forces (AUSTRALASIA) LTD Facilities • Excellent Cuisine • Friendly Atmosphere in our Fully A far-reaching process of renewal hat been taking place through­ Renovated Licensed Restaurant out the Italian Armed Forces for about three years. MEAT PACKERS — MEAT WORK It started with a study of the in- attention to the most deep-felt PROPRIETORS — EXPORTERS fluence exerted on the government's motivations and aspirations of the men WHOLESALERS OF MEATS — HIDES security policy by a number of external involved. UNITS AIR CONDITIONED Admiral SKINS — TALLOW AND CASINGS and internal factors. These include: Using practical criteria, and taking For Bookings Telephone your Hosts trends in defence expenditure - the into account forecasts of future finan- FRANCO MICALI BARATELLI Peter and Desi Shroder at Nowra imbaiance within the defence budget cial resources, the studies aimed at was Chairman of the recent between excessive expenditure on staff defining a practicable military instru- Joint Working Group and inadequate expenditure on the ment; its ability to carry out the tasks to restructure 60 MARKET STREET army itself and the updating of equip- assigned were then checked; last, the Italian Armed Fore** MELBOURNE, VIC (044) 2 5180 — 2 2883 ment; the moral, operational and parliament and public opinion were in- Nowra, NSW technical need to give an impetus not formed of the risks inherent in the seeking stabilising instruments in order only to the concepts and principles limitations of the Armed Forces as to build a lasting peace, is taking an underlying the armed services but also, revealed by the studies, active part in alt spheres. Against this Telephone: 62 2921 whenever possible, the integration The need for more widespread and background, the aims of Italian security within them of commands and units; regular information as part of the policv must take into account a two­ last, the need for "military society" to process of renewal led to the publication fold need — on the one hand, that of adapt to the more valid, and thus of the Italian White Paper on Defence improving East-West relations in acceptable reasons behind the rapid in 1977. The first in our military balanced and mutually advantageous To all visiting changes in the state of society, not in history, it was recently issued in an terms; on the other, thet of dealing Navy personnel a passive manner but by setting an English translation. Its aim, as stated in with any attempt to distort the state of example, and, where possible, con- the Minister of Defence's introduction, security. stituting a driving force. is to show the Italian Armed Forces as West End EAST INGHAM With regard to numerous under­ The analyses carried out revealed they really are, in other words, without lying causes of tension and conflict Bootmakers the need for "qualitative advance" pretence or excuses, describing their which although regarded as "marginal" for Souvenir* which must also constitute a stabilising material features, their rules and strue- or "local", are none the less painful, the HOTEL element. This constant, though now tures, their deep-rooted problems and White Paper is extremely explicit in Come and see Perth's largest range of sheepskin accentuated, search for maximum future prospects; this was done in stating thet Italian security objectives car seat covers, ugg boots, souvenirs, gemstone output (which may be compared with order to invite comments or suggestions can only be achieved in a framework of and opal jewellery, wild flowers, bark paintings (Prop: JIM CRAWFORD) a mechanical output, ie with the and to continue a dialogue with the Western and Atlantic solidarity. Italy's and Aboriginal artefacts, plus hundreds of other relationship between efficiency, or the general public. . choice of Europe fits very clearly into items energy released by the machine, and ITALIAN SECURITY POLICY this context, since its main political We also have the best selection of suede and cost, or the energy put into it) is the „ lne anaivtw and conclusions are objective is the construction of en in­ sheepskin jackets, all popular colours and latest For Accommodation at its best — Self- Armed Forces' duty both to Italy and put jn- the mtMX of tn, g.^,, creasingly integrated Europe and thus styles, kangaroo coats and slippers, kangaroo and contained Air Conditioned Units — to Nato. Internally, it is a duty to the %tcuri^ policv ,nd the military strategy one which is also integrand as regards sheepskin mats and ranch rugs Tropical Garden Lounge — Fine Food taxpayer and one which is particularly ^^h ^^ from jtf me tmic ron. security. apparent during the present time of „ , defence ^1^ „.. Souvenir Shop* at — Friendly Service cep of t8lian Having stated die basic characteris­ 897 HAY STREET, PERTH economic crisis; in the Nato context, it mmedietely apparent: this definition tics of the Atlantic Alliance - founded Phon.:32H9M is the Armed Forces' duty to make the s of fundamental importance, since it on the equality of the member THORNLIE SQUARE, THORNLIE greatest possible contribution toward indicates the guidelines followed by countries, the two complementary and Prion.: 459 2271 * common defence measures. This brings the Italian government in its military interacting aspects of defence and FLOREAT FORUM us to the restructuring of the Itelian actjvjti,,. Having outlined the aim of detente, the two most characteristic Phono: M7 5450 Armed Forces in order to achieve the th# (ttnan Armed Forces, the analysis institutional aspects ie the continuous DIANELLA PLAZA 49 Herbert Street desired qualitative advance, either by of lne internationaf situation takes as a process of political consultation and Phono: 2757*50 improving the operational potential of „irting pojnt tne need to stabilise that of military integration — the CAROUSEL SHOPPING CENTRE Ingham, Qld each of the services or by setting the detente, which is not only an essential White Paper on Defence could not but ALBANY H'WAY, CANNINGTON whole problem in a single framework prerequisite in the search for peace but stress to the Italian public the results CLOISTERS SQUARE Phone: Ingham 76 2377 combining all the Armed Forces, or , deep-felt desire on the pert of the obtained by the Alliance in its 28 years ST GEORGES TERRACE, PERTH of existence. They are the maintenance even by means of a radical renewal of |Ia|ian public ^d of the world as a WESLEY CENTRE, OFF HAY ST, PERTH equipment and by paying realistic whole. Italy, which is constantly of peace in Europe; the safeguarding of

May/June/July, 197S THE NAVY Pao«Tw«nty-Nln« Page Twenty-Eight THE NAVY M»y/ June/ July. 1(71 . _ . --- • ...v..;.:..- - •

promotion without depriving the better Germany, 4 per cent In F ranee and 2.5 a most essential require­ servicemen of incentives. per cent in Greet Britain, but it should ment wet to provide military personnel summary of the guidelines of Italian 15.5 per cent to 9 par cent of the political independence and the opening Civilian staff, who are closely also be pointed out that the percentages with e link between the pursuit of their security policy: development and total budget and that, aa a proportion of tha wey to integration between the associated with military staff, carry out quoted for these countries refer to civic duties as laid down by the con­ stabilisation of detente; active parti­ of the grots national product, Italy is member countrias (which, despite tha vital logistic and administrative tasks. defence budgets which are much larger stitution end the need for soldiers to difficulties encountered, would not cipation in the Atlantic Alliance by in 12th place amongst the 14 countries 1 There ere 29.000 clerical tuff end then the Italian one. Supplies ere, accept certain limitations and the extra even have been possible unless tha means of a military contribution in of Nato, with 2.8 par cent. Expen­ 37,000 manual workers, which already wherever possible, obtained from our duties connected with running the Alliance had ensured then security!: keeping with Italy's role in southern diture on staff (including pay, the cost represents a considerable drop in own industries — which ere geared Armed Forces, a factor which effects the promotion of better and mora Europe and the Mediterranean area and of recruiting, clothing, equipment, numbers; but the staff in question are toward quality — or through inter­ the entire population. The basic lew on rational East/Wast relations, and the compatible with national resources; an victualling conscripts) varies from one getting older and those who leave are national collaboration, of which Italy military discipline approved by the stabilising affect of tha Alliance within intensification of military co-operation year to another between 60 and 62 per not being replaced. As pert of the I* en active exponent, toward standar­ tha Treaty area. with the European allies and between cent of the total defence budget. Chamber of Deputies at tha end of Utt restructuring, in addition to the need dised production by multi-national them and the North American allies in The Armed Forces depend on men. July, and now awaiting discussion by The results so far achieved should for more qualified technical staff, there companies — and we regard this at a order to bring about a balanced de­ The preface to the White Paper states: the Senate, takes inspiration from this not allow one to forget the seriousness is also a need to prevent any further valid and balanced example of European velopment in cross-Atlantic relations; "the first and most important factor of search for some way of combining of unknown factors in the world scene: reduction in this section of the Defence partnership to offer the United States. the assumption of a valid position in defence and the attainment of security military discipline with the constitu­ this calls not only for tha ability to personnel. deal with such factors, but for the the EEC in order to promote a stable is the man — even if it must at once be tional system. The major feature of situation in the Mediterranean; partici­ added that the best men, if not PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS this law is the introduction of a system political will for defence. In this UPDATING WEAPONS connection, the White Paper sums up pation in the objectives and activities equipped with the best weapons, can What is the future outlook for Italy? of "military representation", which is the general military situation with of the UN in dealing with conflicts, easily be at the mercy of cheap rhetoric, Moving on from staff to equipment, The last part of the White Paper is entirely new for Italy. Its aim is to Tacitus-like precision: the USSR is checking armaments, striving toward and in an emergency become victims of there is a clear requirement for a 10- devoted to this topic and deals mainly bring to the political end military now on a par with the USA in the peace and disarmament; and, last, a sterile sacrifice''.^ A multiform year technical plan, and detailed five- with various aspects of the problems of leaders the collective demands end sphere of strategic nuclear weapons; it political support for military defence balance must be found between men year plans, both of which should be the soldier as a citizen end the relation­ proposals of military personnel in the would appear to be able to make good activities. and arms, between the complex require­ constantly updated. Uncertainty each ship between the Armed Forces end administrative field On the broad sense) ments of the organisation as such and the country es a whole. This involves: through a system of representatives at the differences which still exist in the The line of military action, that is year regarding appropriations can only those of the individuals of whom it is revising the Penal Code and the Italian various echelons, appointed by the sphere of advanced tactical nuclear to say the operational concept which be avoided by insisting on a rational made up; between the stable values of lege! system; studying the possibility of military personnel themselves. arms; it has, together with the other the government ascribes to the Armed renewal of weapons, which must be tradition and the changing demands of reducing Naval conscription to 12 countries in the Eastern bloc, a distinct Forces, is directly derived from the achieved on a multi-annual basis. It should be borne in mind that progress. The motivation and require­ months; tha possibility of introducing advantage - which has been explicitly political tendencies outlined above. It Special laws to promote end modernise when the system enters into force, ments of the personnel are, therefore, a voluntary women's service; reforming expressed in figures - over the Nato requires the Italian Armed Forces to be the three Armed Forces thus came into with its inherent guarantees and checks, stressed, and form a complex problem, the military health service at part of countrias in the sphere of conventional in g position: to intervene effectively being as a sort of "shock treatment", it will meet the individual demands for geared as they are toward the two com­ the state health service; revision of armaments, although certain reser­ to defend Italy independently as a with the "naval law" leading the way. participation and shared responsibility plementary aims of obtaining a military "military discipline"; planning end vations should be expressed as regards nation when, for reasons of time and These are valid examples of planning in the administration of whet. In instrument which is more efficient, and designed to promote the various updating civil defence measures for the possibility of making a rational place, direct and intermediate assistance human terms, we have called the a military life which is more satisfying industrial activities of the sector, in sections of the population hit by comparison, since there are factors from Nato is neither possible nor "military body", by increasing its for the individual. addition to the principal objective of disasters; lest, but most important of involved which are difficult to quantify. probable; to ensure that the tasks efficiency through a more readily updating weapons, which form our all, promoting responsible participation In this general context, Italy's assigned to us by Nato are carried out The laws governing fulltime accepted discipline. political and strategic situation arises second line of defence in the inter­ by military personnel in the life of the by means of integrating our units into personnel are, generally speaking, good Thus the Italian Armed Forces, by from the fact that, for many reasons, it national context as a whole. This is organisetion for which they work the alliance's defence as a whole; last, and stable. However, the problems sur­ avoiding any lack of mobility, base has equal ties with continental Europe, another Italian contribution to the (basic law on military discipline). to deal with international tension and rounding the basic functions and career their actions on "a spirit of innovation", on the one hand, and the Mediterranean common defence policy, which, in crises and carry out administrative tasks prospects of staff, such as those in­ The principles Of military discipline ie, a distinct readiness to take heed of countrias, on the other. Its security view of its industrial repercussions, in times of peace. The best way to volving pay, are undoubtedly con­ deserve a few words by way of con­ the demands and contributions of the policy must, therefore, take into goes beyond the figures shown in the achieve the listed objectives in an ditioned by the well known atypical clusion. The demand for participation society in which they live; but they ere account the two complementary and budget. effective manner is for Italy's Armed nature of the job compared with other end e there in the task of running nonetheless careful to maintain "a Interlinked results of this. In the Forces to be of the necessary quality public services — slower careers, drastic Directly linked to the previous topic society are a characteristic feature of tense of reality ", ie, to act with a deer Mediterranean, there are objective and quantity to carry out the tasks selectivity, lower age limits, a prolonged is that of military research and develop­ modern systems of democracy and one understanding of the objective limita­ reasons for concern about the state of involved and basically have the demand for special physical fitness ment. In terms of figures, Italy wes greatly felt by young people; under the tion! imposed by the need to maintain uncertainty and instability, a certain necessary flexibility and mobility - in requirements, and very frequent able to devote only 2.1 per cent of the Italian state system the constitution maximum efficiency; this efficiency Is reduction in Nato's military potential a word, they must be totally credible. transfers. Thus, in order to satisfy Defence budget to this compared with ensures this as far as possible. At pert essentiel to the security of the people in the south, tha massive presence of This objective leads us to the major demands for reasonable improvements about 10.5 per cent in the USA, 4.9 of the process of renewal and adaptation of Italy in the framework of faithful Soviet naval forces, which is more questions of equipment and personnel. in career prospects, plans have been per cent in the Federal Republic of to the changing state of society des- and active participation in the Alliance. important from a political than from a drawn up to unify various officers' military standpoint. The Atlantic and staffs and to improve the status of European choices are complementary PROBLEMS OF PERSONNEL others, with a veiw to giving officers both on the political and economic Although military organisation with similar qualifications and com­ level, and as regards security. Italian takes the material form of men, equip­ parable job descriptions the same career Adelaide Steamship Industries Pty Ltd political and strategic policy is, in fact, ment and training — which is the link prospects. A draft law has now also based on the conviction that southern between the men and the equipment been prepared for non-commissioned and Mediterranean Europe constitutes and which conditions the efficiency of officers; involving drastic changes and a single unit and that, therefore, the Engineering Division both — all three factors are conditioned covering all branches of the Armed active participation of the European by the financial resources available. Forces, it is designed to create a more Community in the Mediterranean is an also The analysis of expenditure, which rapid and stabilised system of essential prerequisite for a more stable cannot but be technical, is backed up situation in this area, in which a joint by figures, comparisons and diagrams. SLIPWAY PROPRIETORS Atlantic and European strategy can This shows, without any shadow of a 1. This total of member countries ex­ only be one of peace. cludes Franca which does not parti­ 1180 OLD PORT ROAD ROYAL PARK, SA 5014 doubt, that in the last decade the cipate in the integrated defence Italian socio-economic crisis has caused Phone: 47 5144 Let us now move on from an analysts system. the defence budget to be reduced by 2. Unofficial translation. of the international situation to a M»y/June/July, 1978 THE NAVY P«0« Thlrty-On* Page Thirty THE NAVY May/June/July, 1978 " Ships of the Canadian Pacific JS Omni Aviation Pty Ltd Fleet visit Sydney Hangar 102, Essendon Airport, 3041 Phone: 379 7855 — AH: 435 6625 The Royal Australian Navy She began her career with the Atlantic gun mounted before the bridge and aft played host to three units of the Fleet and saw service with the First, the Asroc and limbo anti-submarine Telex: 31473 Third and Fifth Destroyer Squadrons. weapons. Sited amidships is a rocLat Royal Canadian Navy from Thurs­ KOOTENAY paid off during May flare launcher. KOOTENAY is manned day, March 9, to Tuesday, March 1970 to undergo conversion and by 12 officers and 210 men and her 21,1978. modernisation. The process involved top speed is 28 knots. KOOTENAY her being lengthened by seven feet, and her three modernised sister ships The vessels included the fleet replacement of the original mast with a carry variable depth sonar located in a supply ship PROVIDER, and the two cage mast and installation of electronic special stern aperture. Improved Restigouche class destroyers warfare equipment. Her second twin KOOTENAY and RESTIGOUCHE. After leaving Sydney KOOTENAY three inch gun mount was also removed, Before their arrival in Sydney the three proceeded to Hobart, after which she as was one of the limbo mortars. In warships participated in exercises with returned to the Canadian western their place an eight-celled Asroc the aircraft carrier MELBOURNE and seaboard. launcher was substituted. A reload other units of the Australian Fleet, as capacity was provided, with 18 spare KOOTENAY was the second ship well as the New Zealand frigate missiles being housed in the magazine. of her name to serve with the Canadian WAIKATO. The destroyer KOOTE­ Navy. The first was originally built for NAY was opened for inspection to The remodelled vessel recom- the Royal Navy as HMS DECOY in members of the Navy League on Satur­ missioned in January 1972 and joined 1933, and was presented to Canada in day, March 18. A complete tour of the the Atlantic force in September. In November 1942. The destroyer com­ warship was provided in small groups. February 1973 she transferred to the missioned on April 12,1943, and spent The KOOTENAY was laid down at Pacific and was based at Esquimalt. the war years on Atlantic convoy the Burrand Dry Dock, North KOOTENAY is now 373 feet long and duties. She paid off on October 26, Vancouver, on August 21, 1952, and displaces 2,900 tons. Her armament 1945, and was ordered for disposal in launched from there on June 15, 1954. includes a twin three inch 70 calibre March 1945.

With the Compliments of PHAEDRA TRADING AS ROCKINGHAM MASTER BUILDERS Department of Transport Approved Organisation No DIXON ROAD, ROCKINGHAM, WA Airborne Target Towing Specialists Aerial Photography Survey and Surveillance Members of the Master Builders' Association Contractors to the Royal Australian Navy Charter and Aerial Work

Pag* Thirty-Two THE NAVY M*y/June/July, 1S7S w w. ^fl /I K. MANUFACTURE Of GATES PATIO FENCES HAND RAILS ARCHES in WROUGHT IRON With.International Design Structural Steel Fabrication

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