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Lynn Canal Wind and Wave Climatology Study for Vessel Operations

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Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities Juneau Access Improvements SEIS Lynn Canal Wind and Wave Climatology Study for Vessel Operations Prepared for HDR Alaska, Inc. Anchorage, Alaska File No. 11163.03 4 June 2013 Rev. B Consulting Engineers Serving the Marine Community Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities Juneau Access Improvements SEIS Lynn Canal Wind and Wave Climatology Study for Vessel Operations Prepared for HDR Alaska, Inc. Anchorage, Alaska File No. 11163.03 4 June 2013 Rev. B PREPARED: Katherine V. Sultani-Wright, PE Project Engineer CHECKED: Thomas Mathai, PhD Project Manager APPROVED: David W. Larsen, PE Principal-in-Charge Consulting Engineers Serving the Marine Community 1201 Western Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, Washington 98101-2921 TEL 206.624.7850 FAX 206.682.9117 www.glosten.com Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 1 Section 1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 2 Section 2 Wind Climatology ................................................................................... 3 2.1 Eldred Rock, Alaska ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Skagway, Alaska .......................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Point Retreat, Alaska .................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Cape Decision, Alaska .................................................................................................. 7 2.5 Wind Association over Lynn Canal and Chatham Strait .............................................. 8 Section 3 Wave Climatology ................................................................................ 13 3.1 SWAN Model ............................................................................................................. 13 3.1.1 Bathymetry .......................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2 Boundary Conditions ........................................................................................... 14 3.1.3 Wind Speed ......................................................................................................... 15 3.1.4 Points of Interest .................................................................................................. 16 3.2 SWAN Results ............................................................................................................ 17 3.2.1 Monthly Climatology .......................................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Design Waves for Seakeeping ............................................................................. 25 Section 4 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 28 Appendix A – Eldred Rock Wind Statistics Appendix B – Skagway Wind Statistics Appendix C – Point Retreat Wind Statistics Appendix D – Monthly and Annual Wave Statistics Juneau Access Improvements SEIS i The Glosten Associates, Inc. Lynn Canal Wind and Wave Climatology, Rev. B File No 11163.03, 4 June 2013 Revision History Section Rev Description Date Approved All — Rev. — was stamped and signed by K.V. 15 May 2013 BLH Sultani-Wright, PE, Washinton Registration No. 44822, on 15 May 2013. 2.1 A Added comment on data completeness. 28 May 2013 DWL 3.2.1 A Added Table 12, Figure 15, 16, and 17. 4 A Added Conclusion section. 4 B Note added explanation of why effects of 4 June 2013 DWL currents on wave generation are not accounted for. References B Reference 19 added. The stamp and signature above applies only to the content of the current revision. Juneau Access Improvements SEIS ii The Glosten Associates, Inc. Lynn Canal Wind and Wave Climatology, Rev. B File No 11163.03, 4 June 2013 References 1. AMHS Vessel Suitability Study – Task 1 Report: Requirements and Feasibility Studies, The Glosten Associates, File No. 99095, 23 March 2000. 2. Caldwell, R.J., Eakins, L.A., Taylor, L.A., Carignan, K.S., Collins, S., Digital Elevation Models of Southeast Alaska: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis, 30 September 2010. 3. Coastal Engineering Design and Analysis System – Automated Coastal Engineering System (CEDAS – ACES), (software), Veri-Tech, Inc., Version 4.03, September 2006. 4. Elevations on Station Datum, NOAA National Ocean Service, Station 9452210: Juneau, Alaska, Epoch 1983-2001, NOAA, http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/, accessed on 22 March 2013. 5. Gilleland, E. and Katz, R. W. “New Software to Analyze How Extremes Change Over Time,” Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union, 92 (2), pp. 13-14, January 2011. 6. Global Hourly Surface Data, DS 3505, NOAA National Climatic Data Center, NOAA, http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/, Point Retreat, USAF 997797, accessed on 24 April 2013. 7. Global Hourly Surface Data, DS 3505, NOAA National Climatic Data Center, NOAA, http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/, Skagway Airport, USAF 703620, accessed on 22 February 2013. 8. Google Earth (software), version 7.0.3.8542, Google, February 2013. 9. Historical Data, NOAA National Data Buoy Center, NOAA, http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=cdea2, Station CDEA2 – Cape Decision, AK, accessed on 20 March 2013. 10. Historical Data, NOAA National Data Buoy Center, NOAA, http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=eroa2, Station EROA2 – Eldred Rock AK, accessed on 20 March 2013. 11. Historical Data, NOAA National Data Buoy Center, NOAA, http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=prta2, Station PRTA2 – Point Retreat, AK, accessed on 20 March 2013. 12. Juneau Access SEIS – Phase II: Katzehin Wind and Wave Climatology, The Glosten Associates, File No. 11163.02, Revision A, 24 January 2013. 13. Meteorological Observations, NOAA National Ocean Service Station 94522110: Juneau, Alaska, http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/, accessed on 03 January 2013. 14. R Core Team), R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R- project.org/, 2012. 15. Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (software), Delft University of Technology, version 40.91, The Netherlands, 2012. 16. SWAN User Manual, Delft University of Technology, SWAN Cycle III version 40.91, The Netherlands, 2012. Juneau Access Improvements SEIS iii The Glosten Associates, Inc. Lynn Canal Wind and Wave Climatology, Rev. B File No 11163.03, 4 June 2013 17. State of Alaska Wind Energy Analysis Data, Skagway Airport Station Summary, Alaska Energy Authority, http://www.akenergyauthority.org/PDF%20files/Wind%20Resource%20Assessment/Ska gwayAirport_StationSummary.pdf, accessed on 08 April 2013. 18. Juneau Access Improvements SEIS: Lynn Canal Wind and Wave Climatology – Multi- Year Extremes, The Glosten Associates, Rev. A, 28 May 2013. 19. NOAA Tides and Currents, Current Station Locations and Ranges, http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/currents13/tab2pc4.html#38. Juneau Access Improvements SEIS iv The Glosten Associates, Inc. Lynn Canal Wind and Wave Climatology, Rev. B File No 11163.03, 4 June 2013 Executive Summary This report describes the wind and wave environment appropriate to Alaska Marine Highway System (AMHS) vessel operations in Lynn Canal. Monthly and annual wave statistics were estimated using a modern, third-generation prediction model, Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN, Reference 15). All waves in the SWAN domain were assumed to be wind-generated. The wind distribution over the domain was estimated using historical data from Skagway Airport, Eldred Rock, Point Retreat, and Cape Decision. The wind data at each location was correlated with the data from Eldred Rock, and the resulting correlation relationships were used to assign wind speeds to their associated regions of the SWAN domain. Figure 1 shows the statistics of significant wave height in the worst month at the selected field points in the area of interest. Significant wave height, HS, is defined as the average of the highest one-third of all waves in the sea state. Figure 1 Maximum of monthly wave height statistics at selected points For the purposes of a seakeeping analysis, the three southernmost field points, representative of the highest waves, were used to determine a design sea state. A route of approximately 38 nautical miles was assumed to extend from Aaron Island to midway between Eldred Rock and Point Sherman, in which a transit at 15 knots would take 2.5 hours. The average 95th percentile wave height in the worst month, weighted by the distance associated with each of the three southernmost field points, was assumed as the sea state for seakeeping analysis. The design sea state for seakeeping consists of a significant wave height of 2.6 m and a peak wave period of 6.3 seconds. Juneau Access Improvements SEIS 1 The Glosten Associates, Inc. Lynn Canal Wind and Wave Climatology, Rev. B File No 11163.03, 4 June 2013 Section 1 Introduction This report describes the wind and wave environment appropriate to AMHS vessel operations in Lynn Canal. Monthly and annual wave statistics were estimated using a modern, third-generation prediction model, Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN, Reference 15). Sea states in this report are defined by the significant wave height and the peak wave period. Significant wave height, HS, is defined as the average of the highest one-third
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