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Fishing and the Historic Environment

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Fishing and the Historic Environment Marine Ecological Surveys Ltd. FISHING AND THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT PREPARED FOR ENGLISH HERITAGE Fjordr Marine and Historic Environment Consulting ‐ Marine Ecological Surveys Limited ‐ 3 Palace Yard Mews, Bath BA1 2NH Tel: +44 (0)1225 442211 FISHING AND THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 2013 Title EH 6204 Interaction between fishing and the historic environment. Author(s) Antony Firth, Liam McAleese, Rodney Anderson, Rohan Smith, Tania Woodcock Derivation New document Origination Date 9/11/2012 Reviser(s) TW Date of last revision 9/1/2014 Version Final (internal tracker – v1.8) Status / Required Final Action Circulation Client Approval Dr Lindsay Jane Seiderer This report should be cited as: Firth, A., McAleese, L., Anderson, R., Smith, R., and Woodcock, T. 2013. Fishing and the Historic Environment. EH6204. Prepared for English Heritage. Correspondence: Lindsay Jane Seiderer Marine Ecological Surveys Limited 3 Palace Yard Mews Bath BA1 2NH Email: [email protected] Tel: 01225 442211 Copyright © Marine Ecological Surveys Limited, 2013. All rights reserved. The reproduction or transmission of all or part of this work, whether by photocopying or storing in any medium by any means electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the owner, is prohibited. The commission of any unauthorised act in relation to the work may result in civil or criminal actions FISHING AND THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 2013 Acknowledgments This project was commissioned by English Heritage as part of the National Heritage Protection Plan. We would like to thank Christopher Pater and Ed Salter of English Heritage for their direct assistance in this project. We would also like to thank Serena Cant and Neil Guiden of English Heritage’s National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) for the provision of historic environment data, and the staff of the National Heritage Protection Commissions Programme. The successful production of this report was enhanced and facilitated by the support, patience, collaboration, and dedication of many people. Substantial comments which served to improve the final report were provided by Ed Salter, Christopher Pater, and a number of English Heritage representatives; Philip MacMullen, Head of Environment, Seafish; Robert Yorke, Chairman of Joint Nautical Archaeology Policy Committee; Elizabeth Bourke, Executive Officer and a number of representatives of The National Federation for Fishermen's Organisations; Tony Delahunty, Creels and Pots Fisherman, Sussex; Sussex Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authorities officers; Wessex Archaeology; Dr Ben Ferrari; Natural England; Eastern IFCA Officers; Maritime Archaeology Trust; Mark Beattie‐Edwards, Nautical Archaeological Society; Holderness Fisheries Local Action Group; Maritime Historical Studies Centre, University of Hull; Professional Association of Diving Instructors; and Cefas. We are grateful for the contributions from MMO officers for vessel monitoring and surveillance data; and the Marine Conservation Society, for inputs on seabed and habitats images. We extend our thanks to all those contributors who have not been mentioned by name. Jack Pitts, Robert Goodchild and Caroline Chambers contributed high quality GIS maps which supported spatial analysis components of this report; also, many thanks to Dr Lindsay Jane Seiderer for quality reviewing and invaluable advice. This project which provides significant insight into the current challenges and opportunities of our fishing and marine heritage environment was funded by English Heritage, for which the Project Team and Stakeholders are truly grateful. FISHING AND THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 2013 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ALDFG - Abandoned, Lost or otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear AMAA 1979 - Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 Cefas - Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science CFP - Common Fisheries Policy DCMS - Department of Culture, Media and Sport Defra - Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs EBFM - Ecosystem‐Based Fisheries Management EFF - European Fisheries Fund EH - English Heritage EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMFF - European Maritime and Fisheries Fund EMS - European Marine Site ERAEF - Ecological Risk Assessment for the Effects of Fishing FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FIPAD - Fisheries Industry Protocol for Archaeological Discoveries GES - Good Environmental Status HELM - Historic Environment Local Management IFCA - Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority ISSCFG - International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear JNAPC - Joint Nautical Archaeology Policy Committee MALSF - Marine Aggregate Levy Sustainability Fund MCAA - Marine and Coastal Access Act MCZ - Marine Conservation Zone MESL - Marine Ecological Surveys Ltd MMO - Marine Management Organisation MPA - Marine Protected Area MPC - Marine Planning Consultants MSC - Marine Stewardship Council nmi - Nautical Mile PSA - Productivity Susceptibility Analysis PWA 1973 - Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 RBF - Risk‐Based Framework REC - Regional Environmental Characterisation rMCZ - Recommended Marine Conservation Zone SAC - Special Area of Conservation SEA - Strategic Environmental Assessment SICA - Scale Intensity Consequence Analysis SPA - Special Protection Area FISHING AND THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT 2013 CONTENTS Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Aim and Objectives ................................................................................................................. 5 1.2. Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 6 2. Commercial Fisheries and Gear Types .......................................................................................... 10 2.1. Overview ............................................................................................................................... 10 2.2. Pelagic: Mobile ...................................................................................................................... 12 2.3. Pelagic: Passive ..................................................................................................................... 13 2.4. Demersal: Mobile .................................................................................................................. 15 2.5. Demersal: Static .................................................................................................................... 23 2.6. Commercial Fisheries and Gear Types in Area 1 and Area 2 ................................................ 25 3. Management Frameworks and Practices ..................................................................................... 28 3.1. Heritage Management .......................................................................................................... 28 3.2. Fisheries Management .......................................................................................................... 29 3.3. Changing and Emerging Policy .............................................................................................. 31 3.4. Management Frameworks in Area 1 and Area 2 .................................................................. 33 4. Assessing Interactions Between Commercial Fishing and the Historic Environment................... 37 4.1. The Marine Historic Environment ......................................................................................... 37 4.2. Habitat Characterisation ....................................................................................................... 39 4.3. Approaches to Assessing Interactions .................................................................................. 41 5. The Contribution of Fishing‐related Material to the Historic Environment ................................. 51 5.1. Outline................................................................................................................................... 51 5.2. Onshore ................................................................................................................................. 51 5.3. Fishtraps ................................................................................................................................ 52 5.4. Fishing Vessel Wrecks ........................................................................................................... 52 5.5. Stray Finds Relating to Fishing .............................................................................................. 54 5.6. Options for Management and Research ............................................................................... 55 6. Indirect Interactions Between Commercial Fishing and the Historic Environment ..................... 58 6.1. Management of Heritage Assets Constrains Fishing Activity ............................................... 59 6.2. Fisheries Management Conserves Heritage Assets .............................................................. 62 6.3. Commercial Fishing Impedes Access and Interpretation of Heritage Assets
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