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Published On: 1 Jan 2012 EXOTIC ALIEN WEEDS of TARANGA HILLS, NORTH GUJARAT, INDIA Y

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Published On: 1 Jan 2012 EXOTIC ALIEN WEEDS of TARANGA HILLS, NORTH GUJARAT, INDIA Y Life sciences Leaflets 1:44 – 48, 2012. FREE DOWNLOAD ISSN 0976 - 1098 st Published on: 1 Jan 2012 EXOTIC ALIEN WEEDS OF TARANGA HILLS, NORTH GUJARAT, INDIA Y. B. DABGAR R. R. MEHTA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND C. L. PARIKH COLLEGE OF COMMERCE, PALANPUR-385001. [email protected] ABSTRACT: The Present communication deals with the 79 exotic weeds having common occurrence and wide distribution along with their country of origin and local habitats. The large dicot families in the exotic flora were that of Asteraceae (10.12%), Caesalpiniaceae (10.12%), Euphorbiaceous (6.32%), Convolvulaceae(6.32%) and Mimosaceae (5.06%) whereas the only major monocot family is Poaceae (5.06%) Most of exotic originates from America and Africa. KEY WORD: Weed, Taranga hills and North Gujarat. INTRODUCTION: During the past few decades a large number of plants have been introduced in India. Many of such plants got acclimatized and spreading successfully in different parts of the area. It is difficult to identify such recently introduced species as it constitutes an important part of present day flora of Taranga hills. STUDY AREA: Taranga hills are a treasure house at very rich fauna and diverse spectrum of rare medicinal herbs and shrubs together with rare and endangered species of wildlife. The Taranga hills are situated in 0 the Satlasana taluka in Mehsana district of North Gujarat. It is located within 24 00’latitude and 720 46’ east longitude. The Taranga hills are bordered by the Sabarmati River on its eastern limit, which is about 2.5 kms away from the forest area. The average maximum monthly temperature of these area is 360 C and minimum temperature in winter months comes as low as 10 to 120 C and daily maximum temperature exceeds 420 C in summer. The mean rainfall for the area is 45’’. Dhorai reservoir is nearer to this forest area. The total catchments area at site is 5540 sq.kms. The Banaskantha district makes its northern and western boundaries and Kheralu taluka makes southern boundary. Taranga hills are approximately 365.76 meters (1200 feet) above mean sea level. It is located 56 kms away from Mehsana. It is 4.82 kms away from the Taranga railways station situated on http://lifesciencesleaflets.ning.com/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 44 Life sciences Leaflets 1:44 – 48, 2012. FREE DOWNLOAD ISSN 0976 - 1098 Mehsana-Taranga hill meter gauge railway line. The main temple and main shrine of shree Ajitnathji is one of the biggest jain temples in Gujarat and Rajasthan. Taranga consists of a group of 18 peaks of which Siddha-shila on the west and Taran-dharan mata on the west are well known. Agricultural land is situated on east side. Total forest area of Mehsana district is 48.28 sq. kms, out of this, the Taranga hills forest covers 18.12 sq. kms, which is the actual “study area” GSFD considers these forest of Satlasana taluka in Mehsana district. METHODOLOGY: Regular botanical exploration tours were undertaken in the Taranga hills. Plants were collected and properly identified by using standard flora (Cooke, 1903 and Shah, 1978). They are preserved in Biology Dept. Science and Commerce College, Palanpur. OBSERVATIONS: The study revealed that a large number of exotics have been found growing extensively in the area. Details of such exotic species have been presented in table-1 along with country of origin and local habitats. DISCUSSINS: In the present study, 79 exotic alien plants (belonging to 35 families and 73 genera) have been observed. Of which 71 are dicots and 8 are monocots. Of the total exotic species 51.89% are herbs, 5.06% under shrubs, 12.65% shrubs and 30.37% trees. These plants species have been either introduced for cultivation or they have naturalized following an escape from cultivation. The large dicot families in the exotic flora were that of Asteraceae (10.12%), Caesalpiniaceae (10.12%), Euphorbiaceous ( 6.32%), Convolvulaceae(6.32%) and Mimosaceae (5.06% ) whereas the only major monocot family is Poaceae (5.06%) (Table-1).The distribution of exotic species and relatively few having large number. Most of exotic originates from America and Africa. REFERENCES: Cooke, T.1903. The flora of Bombay Presidency. Vol.1-3, Reprented, B.S.I., Calcutta. Shah, G.L. 1978. Flora of Gujarat State, Vol.1 &2. S.P.Uni., V.V.Nagar. http://lifesciencesleaflets.ning.com/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 45 Life sciences Leaflets 1:44 – 48, 2012. FREE DOWNLOAD ISSN 0976 - 1098 Table :1 Exotic weeds of Taranga hill’s Sr. Families Species Habit Origin No. 1 Acanthaceae Ruellia tuberosa Linn. H Tropical America 2 Amrantaceae Alternanthera sessilis (Linn) Dc. H Tropical America 3 Amarantaceae Amaranthus spinosus Linn. H America 4 Amarantaceae Gomphrena celosiodes Mart H South America 5 Amarantaceae Nothosaerva brachiata (Linn) Wight. H Tropical America 6 Apiaceae Anethum graveolens Linn. H Eurasia 7 Apocynaceae Catharanthus roseus (Linn.) G. Don US West Indies 8 Apocynaceae Plumeria rubra Linn. T South America 9 Apocynaceae Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Merrill. T Tropical America 10 Arecaceae Borassus flabellifer Linn. H Mexico 11 Arecaceae Phoenix sylvestris (Linn.) Roxb. T Tropical America 12 Asteraceae Acanthospermum hispidum DC H Central America 13 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Linn. H Mexico 14 Asteraceae Helianthus annus Linn. H West America 15 Asteraceae Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. H West Indies & Tropical America 16 Asteraceae Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. H Africa 17 Asteraceae Tagetes patula Linn. H Mexico 18 Asteraceae Tagetus erecta Linn. H Mexico 19 Asteraceae Tridax procumbens Linn. H Mexico 20 Bignoniaceae Miliingtonia hortensis Linn. T Malay 21 Bignoniaceae Spathodea campanulata Beauv. T Tropical Africa 22 Bignoniaceae Tecoma stans (Linn,) H.B.K.Nov. T America 23 Bignoniaceae Tecomella undulate (Smith) Seem. T S. E. Asia and Africa. 24 Boraginaceae Heliotropium indicum Linn. H South America 25 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia purpurea Linn. T West Indies 26 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia occidentalis Linn. S South America (Cosmopolitan) 27 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia tora Linn. H South America 28 Caesalpiniaceae Parkinsonia aculeate Linn. T Mexico(Tropical America) 29 Caesalpiniaceae Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf. T Madagascar 30 Caesalpiniaceae Parkinsonia aculeate Linn. T Mexico(Tropical America) 31 Caesalpiniaceae Peltophorum pterocarpum T Malaya (DC)Backer ex K. Heyne. 32 Caesalpiniaceae Tamarinadus indica Linn. T Tropical 33 Caricaceae Carica papaya Linn. T Mexico 34 Combretaceae Quisqualis indica Linn. S Malaya wild 35 Combretaceae Terminalia catappa Linn. T Andaman and some part of Malaya. 36 Commelinaceae Rhoeo discolor Hance. H Central America 37 Convolvulaceae Convolvulus auricumus (Rich.) H European Bhandari. 38 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea batatas (Linn.) Lamk. H Tropical America 39 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea fistulosa Mart.ex Choisy. S South America 40 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea nil (Linn.)Roth. H America 41 Convolvulaceae Merremia gangetica (Linn.)Cufod. H Asia/Africa http://lifesciencesleaflets.ning.com/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 46 Life sciences Leaflets 1:44 – 48, 2012. FREE DOWNLOAD ISSN 0976 - 1098 Sr. Families Species Habit Origin No. 42 Crassulaceae Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.)Merrill. H Tropical Africa/Tropic 43 Cucurbitaceae Cucumis melo Linn. H Iran & North west 44 Euphorbiaceae Croton bonplandianum Baill. H South America 45 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. H America 46 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd ex S Mexico Klotzsch. 47 Euphorbiaceae Jatropha gossypifolia Linn. S Brazil 48 Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Linn. S Africa 49 Liliaceae Allium cepa Linn. H Mediterranean 50 Liliaceae Aloe barbadensis Mill. S Mediterranean 51 Malvaceae Althea rosea (Linn.) Cav. US Crete & Greece(S.E. Europe) 52 Martyniaceae Martynia annua Linn. H Mexico 53 Mimosaceae Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn ex T Australia Benth. 54 Mimosaceae Acacia senegal Willd. T Tropical America 55 Mimosaceae Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz. T Mexico & America 56 Mimosaceae Samanea saman Merr. T Central America 57 Moraceae Ficus elastica Roxb T Khasia hills(India) & Malaysia 58 Moraceae Morus alba Linn. T China & Asia 59 Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Linn. T Mexico and Tropical America/Tropic Brazil 60 Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea spectabillis Willd.. S Brazil 61 Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis jalapa Linn. H Tropical America 62 Fabaceae Crotolaria medicaginea Linn. H S. E. Eurpoe 63 Papaveraceae Argemone mexicana Linn. H Europe & Ethiopia (N. E. Africa) 64 Passifloraceae Passiflora edulis Sims. H Brazil 65 Periplocaceae Cryptostegia grandiflora R. Br S Tropical Africa 66 Plumbaginaceae Plumbago auriculata Lamk. US South Africa (Cape of Good Hope) 67 Poaceae Chloris barbata Sw. H Tropical America 68 Poaceae Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. H Tropical America (Cosmopolitan) 69 Poaceae Pennisetum typhyoides (Burn.) Stapf H India or Africa & C.E.Hubb. 70 Poaceae Zea mays Linn. H America 71 Polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus Hook & Arn. H South America 72 Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis Linn var. coerulea H Europe Gren. & Godr. 73 Rhamnaceae Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk. T China 74 Solanaceae Datura metel Linn. US Tropical America http://lifesciencesleaflets.ning.com/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 47 Life sciences Leaflets 1:44 – 48, 2012. FREE DOWNLOAD ISSN 0976 - 1098 Sr. Families Species Habit Origin No. 75 Solanaceae Lycopersicon lycopersieum H Peru-Ecuador (West (Linn).Airy-Shaw. America) 76 Solanaceae Nicotiana tabacum Linn. H South America 77 Tiliaceae Corchorus aestuans Linn. H Tropical America 78 Ulmaceae Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.)Planch. T Pacific Isles 79 Verbenaceae Lantana camara Linn var. aculeate S Central America (Linn.)Moldenke. http://lifesciencesleaflets.ning.com/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 48 .
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