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Secondary Porosity and Hydrocarbon Production from the Ordovician Ellenburger Group of the Delaware and Val Verde Basins, West Texas

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Secondary Porosity and Hydrocarbon Production from the Ordovician Ellenburger Group of the Delaware and Val Verde Basins, West Texas Secondary porosity and hydrocarbon production from the Ordovician Ellenburger Group of the Delaware and Val Verde basins, West Texas Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Ijirigho, Bruce Tajinere Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 10:08:58 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565510 SECONDARY POROSITY AND HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION FROM THE ORDOVICIAN ELLENBURGER GROUP OF THE DELAWARE AND VAL VERDE BASINS, WEST TEXAS v By Bruce Tajinere Ijirigho A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 8 1 Copyright 1981 Bruce Tajinere Ijirigho THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by ____Bruce Tajinere Ijirigho___________________ entitled ____ Secondary Porosity and Hydrocarbon Production from the________ ____ Ordovician Ellenburger Group of the Delaware and Val Verde____ ____ Basins, West Texas____________________________________________ and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy A' Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Date STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to bor­ rowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. This is dedicated to my father, Urotogharanrose, and mother, Kenudi, for being my main sources of inspiration, and to Aju for being such a good friend and a sweetheart. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The idea for this research came during a discussion with Mr. E. H. McGlasson in June 1978, during my first of two consecutive years of summer employment with Mobil Oil Corporation in Houston, Texas. A special debt of gratitude must go to him for his help, encouragement, guidance, critical review of the manuscript, making valuable suggestions, arranging the drafting of the numerous figures which appear in this report, and serving on my research committee. I am especially indebted to my dissertation co-directors. Dr. Joseph F . Schreiber, Jr., and Dr. Richard F. Wilson, for all that they have taught me, for critically reading this report and making valuable suggestions, for their time, help, cooperation, encouragement, and friendship. Dr. Schreiber helped a lot with the photography, especially the extensive photomicrographic presentation that accompanies this report. I am also very grateful to Dr. Bartholomew Nagy, who served on my preliminary examination and research committees, for reading the manuscript and making useful suggestions, and for being so reassuring and encouraging during certain difficult stages of my graduate career. My sincere gratitude is also extended to Dr. John H. Halsey of Mobil Research and Development Corporation, Dallas, who provided critical data, critically read the manuscript, and helped in various other ways. iv V His knowledge of the Ellenburger problem was invaluable to the final outcome of this research. My special thanks go to Mobil Oil Company (Nig) Ltd., and Mobil Oil Corporation, USA, for: (1) the special summer job arrangements that led to the definition of this research problem; (2) allowing the use of their research facilities and personnel; and (3) for supporting the collection and analysis of the necessary data. Several other individuals within Mobil Oil Corporation, all of whom I cannot recount here, con­ tributed immensely to the quality and successful completion of this dissertation. Notable among them are Dr. R. R. Church, Mr. Chuck Fetter Mr. H. J. Holmquest, Mr. Fred Bingham, Mr. Dave Cherrington, Mr. R. P. McMutry, Mr. Dick Sheppy, Mr. Don Bolwinkel, and various others in the exploration, production, and drafting departments in Houston, Texas. At the Mobil Oil field research laboratory in Dallas, Texas, my special gratitude goes to Rodney Squires, John Miller, Ralph Horak, Douglas Kirkland, and countless others who discussed and provided use­ ful materials that have become part of this dissertation. I would like to thank Messrs. Murrah and W. L. Pierce of Exxon (Midland District), Phillips Petroleum Company, Shell Oil Company (Midland Core Warehouse), and the Balcones Core Library of the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, Austin, Texas, for providing cores not avail­ able at the core storage facilities of Mobil Oil Corporation. My entire existence, which culminated in the adventure to Illi­ nois State University in September 1971 on a track and field scholarship, the years of active participation in international track and field vi competitions, and the successful completion of this degree, has con­ stantly derived nourishment from my faith in God, and an adage from my native Nigeria, which says that "If an anthill wants to grow, no matter how long or how often it is leveled to the ground surface, by the follow­ ing morning it would have grown out of the ground again, on the way to its desired goals." This existence has benefited immensely from the friend­ ship, concern, hospitality, generosity, and encouragement of Messrs. Shola and Olayinka Rhodes all through the years, and for that I am deeply grateful. My special thanks to the National Sports Commission of Nigeria, Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation, Mobil Oil Corporation, the Department of Geosciences at the University of Arizona, and Dr. Richard F. Wilson, for providing scholarships, grants, and research assistant- ships, without which it would have been impossible to complete this study. My thanks to Professor Terah Smiley for his wisdom, advice, and for always finding solutions to my problems. I would also like to thank the numerous faculty members and graduate students at the Depart­ ment of Geosciences, University of Arizona, who have in one way or another enriched my life and career in immesurable ways. To my numerous family members and friends, for their patience, encouragement, love, and assistance in the preparation of this manu­ script, I am very deeply grateful. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.................. x LIST OF T A B L E S ....................................................xiii A B S T R A C T .......................................................... xiv INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1 VO VO vO CT* Previous Work ........ Area of Investigation . Method of Investigation THE ELLENBURGER GROUP ...................... 12 Stratigraphy ............................................... 12 Thickness and Areal Distribution ......................... 12 Lithology.................................................... 14 Subsurface Ellenburger ................................... 16 CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURED AND BRECCIATED ELLENBURGER CARBONATES . 18 Introduction .............................................. 18 Fracture Identification Log ............................... 22 Fractured Rock U n i t s ........................................23 Descriptive Classification ............................... 23 Genetic Classification ................................... 25 Fracture Gap Classification ............................... 37 Fracture Filling Classification ........................... 38 POROSITY, PERMEABILITY, MINERALIZATION AND CEMENTATION OF FRACTURES .......... 39 Porosity Types and Characteristics ....................... 39 Fracture (Breccia) Porosity ............................... 41 Solution Porosity ......................................... 44 Matrix Porosity........................ 47 Porosity Distribution ..................................... 47 Permeability and Degree of Cementation ................... 50 Cementation ...............................................53 vii viii TABLE OF CONTENTS — Continued Page Types of Cementing Minerals................................. 59 D o l o m i t e ................................................ 59 Anthraxolite ................................... 63 Q u a r t z .................................................. 66 Anhydrite............................... 66 C a l cite.................................................. 67 P y r i t e .................................................. 67 Chert Fragments.......................................... 68 S t y l o l i t e s .................................................. 68 FRACTURE CAUSES AND ATTRIBUTES OF TECTONIC BRECCIA ................. 71 Introduction .............................................. 71 Important Attributes of Tectonic Breccia .............. 75 Fragment S i z e
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