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Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report
l 122 EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL ASPECTS OPEN FILE REPORT 92-2 EARTHQUAKES AND Ludwin, R. S.; Malone, S. D.; Crosson, R. EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Washington SEISMOLOGY - 1946 EVENT ASPECTS eanhquak:es, 1985. Clague, J. J., 1989, Research on eanh- Ludwin, R. S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Reeval Perkins, J. B.; Moy, Kenneth, 1989, Llabil quak:e-induced ground failures in south uation of the 19th century Washington ity of local government for earthquake western British Columbia [abstract). and Oregon eanhquake catalog using hazards and losses-A guide to the law Evans, S. G., 1989, The 1946 Mount Colo original accounts-The moderate sized and its impacts in the States of Califor nel Foster rock avalanches and auoci earthquake of May l, 1882 [abstract). nia, Alaska, Utah, and Washington; ated displacement wave, Vancouver Is Final repon. Maley, Richard, 1986, Strong motion accel land, British Columbia. erograph stations in Oregon and Wash Hasegawa, H. S.; Rogers, G. C., 1978, EARTHQUAKES AND ington (April 1986). Appendix C Quantification of the magnitude 7.3, SEISMOLOGY - NETWORKS Malone, S. D., 1991, The HAWK seismic British Columbia earthquake of June 23, AND CATALOGS data acquisition and analysis system 1946. [abstract). Berg, J. W., Jr.; Baker, C. D., 1963, Oregon Hodgson, E. A., 1946, British Columbia eanhquak:es, 1841 through 1958 [ab Milne, W. G., 1953, Seismological investi earthquake, June 23, 1946. gations in British Columbia (abstract). stract). Hodgson, J. H.; Milne, W. G., 1951, Direc Chan, W.W., 1988, Network and array anal Munro, P. S.; Halliday, R. J.; Shannon, W. -
Review Article Magma Loading in the Southern Coast Plutonic Complex, British Columbia and Washington
GeoScienceWorld Lithosphere Volume 2020, Article ID 8856566, 17 pages https://doi.org/10.2113/2020/8856566 Review Article Magma Loading in the Southern Coast Plutonic Complex, British Columbia and Washington E. H. Brown Department of Geology, Western Washington University, USA Correspondence should be addressed to E. H. Brown; [email protected] Received 2 May 2020; Accepted 22 September 2020; Published 10 November 2020 Academic Editor: Tamer S. Abu-Alam Copyright © 2020 E. H. Brown. Exclusive Licensee GeoScienceWorld. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). The southen end of the 1800 km long Coast Plutonic Complex (CPC), exposed in the Harrison Lake area of British Columbia and in the North Cascades of Washington, bears a record of great crustal thickening -20 to 40 km in localized zones during Late Cretaceous times. During this period, the CPC was positioned at the continental margin during collision/subduction of the Farallon plate. Arc magmatism and regional orogenic contraction were both active as potential crustal thickening processes. Magmatism is favored in this report as the dominant factor based on the delineation of four spatially and temporally separate loading events, the close association of the loaded areas with emplacement of large plutons, and a paucity of evidence of deep regional tectonic contraction. The timing and spatial location of crustal loading events are documented by the following: zircon ages in plutons; an early event of low pressure in pluton aureoles evidenced by andalusite, now pseudomorphed by high- pressure minerals; high pressures in country rock in pluton aureoles measured by mineral compositions in the assemblages garnet-biotite-muscovite-plagioclase and garnet-aluminum silicate-plagioclase; high pressures recorded in plutons by Al-in- hornblende barometry; and uplift ages of plutons derived from K-Ar and Ar-Ar ages of micas and hornblende in plutons. -
A Geochemical Study of the Riddle Peaks Gabbro, North Cascades: Evidence for Amphibole Accumulation in the Mid-Crust of an Arc
Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship 2014 A geochemical study of the Riddle Peaks gabbro, North Cascades: evidence for amphibole accumulation in the mid-crust of an arc Angela C. Cota Western Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Cota, Angela C., "A geochemical study of the Riddle Peaks gabbro, North Cascades: evidence for amphibole accumulation in the mid-crust of an arc" (2014). WWU Graduate School Collection. 362. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/362 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE RIDDLE PEAKS GABBRO, NORTH CASCADES: EVIDENCE FOR AMPHIBOLE ACCUMULATION IN THE MID CRUST OF AN ARC By Angela C. Cota Submitted for Partial Completion Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Kathleen L. Kitto, Dean of the Graduate School ADVISORY COMMITTEE Chair, Dr. Susan DeBari Dr. Elizabeth Schermer Dr. Robert Miller MASTER’S THESIS In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Western Washington University, I grant to Western Washington University the nonexclusive royalty‐free right to archive, reproduce, distribute, and display the thesis in any and all forms, including electronic format, via any digital library mechanisms maintained by WWU. I represent and warrant this is my original work, and does not infringe or violate any rights of others. -
Northwest Weather and Avalanche Center
Northwest Weather and Avalanche Center 2006-2007 Annual Report Report prepared by Mark Moore, Kenny Kramer and Garth Ferber A partnership between the USDA Forest Service, Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission, National Park Service, National Weather Service, Pacific Northwest Ski Area Association, Washington State Department of Transportation, Washington State Snowpark and Snowmobile Programs, USDA Forest Service Fee Demo programs, Title II RAC programs, Ski Schools, Friends of the Avalanche Center and others. United States Forest Service Department of Pacific Agriculture Northwest Region Cover Photo credits: This photo of a snow roller (snow pinwheel, snow donut) was taken along the east slopes of the northern Washington Cascades in Mid-March of 2007 by Mike Stanford, Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) avalanche control technician, during an avalanche control and reconnaissance mission on Washington Pass. While snow rollers are common occurrences during spring time warming in many mountainous regions, most rollers are observed as a solid wheel and often end up as wheel fragments as they break apart in the rolling process. A mature snow roller of this size without the inner middle is less common, especially totally intact like this one is. Most rollers like the one shown initially form through warming and melting of near surface snow. With surface warming, a small clump of snow may release from steeper terrain, warming rocks or snow laden tree boughs. With time the small unstable mass begins to roll and gather concentric rings of surface snow as it descends down slope. The rolling action may produce mechanical separation of the less dense middle (formed initially when compression of the snow is slight) from the more compact outer edges (formed with more compressive forces as the wheel increases in size), producing the snow donut pictured. -
Northwest Weather and Avalanche Center
Northwest Weather and Avalanche Center 2007-2008 Annual Report Report prepared by Mark Moore, Kenny Kramer and Garth Ferber A partnership between the USDA Forest Service, Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission, National Park Service, National Weather Service, Pacific Northwest Ski Area Association, Washington State Department of Transportation, Washington State Snowpark and Snowmobile Programs, USDA Forest Service Fee Demo programs, Title II RAC programs, Ski Schools, Friends of the Avalanche Center and others. Forest Service United States Department of Pacific Agriculture Northwest Region Cover Photo credits: This large climax slide in White River Canyon to the south of Mt Hood Meadows Ski Area occurred as a result of sustained high winds and heavy loading from late January through early February, 2008. During the thirteen days leading up to this February 8 event, the base of nearby Mt Hood Meadows Ski Area recorded over 160 inches of new snow, along with many periods of sustained very strong winds (averaging 30-50 with higher gusts). Sustained low freezing levels (2-3000 feet or lower) for several weeks prior to the event rose significantly on the day of this avalanche, reaching above 6000 feet. The photo shows Asa Mueller, Mt Hood Meadows Pro Patrol traversing under the 6+ meter crown. It is thought that this large slab was triggered by an even larger (10+ meter) cornice fall (see Figure 28). Photo courtesy Tighe Stoyanoff, Mt Hood Meadows Pro Patrol. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Photo credits: ......................................................................................2 -
GEOLOGIC MAP of the CHELAN 30-MINUTE by 60-MINUTE QUADRANGLE, WASHINGTON by R
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP I-1661 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE CHELAN 30-MINUTE BY 60-MINUTE QUADRANGLE, WASHINGTON By R. W. Tabor, V. A. Frizzell, Jr., J. T. Whetten, R. B. Waitt, D. A. Swanson, G. R. Byerly, D. B. Booth, M. J. Hetherington, and R. E. Zartman INTRODUCTION Bedrock of the Chelan 1:100,000 quadrangle displays a long and varied geologic history (fig. 1). Pioneer geologic work in the quadrangle began with Bailey Willis (1887, 1903) and I. C. Russell (1893, 1900). A. C. Waters (1930, 1932, 1938) made the first definitive geologic studies in the area (fig. 2). He mapped and described the metamorphic rocks and the lavas of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the vicinity of Chelan as well as the arkoses within the Chiwaukum graben (fig. 1). B. M. Page (1939a, b) detailed much of the structure and petrology of the metamorphic and igneous rocks in the Chiwaukum Mountains, further described the arkoses, and, for the first time, defined the alpine glacial stages in the area. C. L. Willis (1950, 1953) was the first to recognize the Chiwaukum graben, one of the more significant structural features of the region. The pre-Tertiary schists and gneisses are continuous with rocks to the north included in the Skagit Metamorphic Suite of Misch (1966, p. 102-103). Peter Misch and his students established a framework of North Cascade metamorphic geology which underlies much of our construct, especially in the western part of the quadrangle. Our work began in 1975 and was essentially completed in 1980. -
Preliminary Geologic Map of the Mount Baker 30- by 60-Minute Quadrangle, Washington
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Preliminary Geologic Map of the Mount Baker 30- by 60-Minute Quadrangle, Washington by R.W. Tabor1 , R.A. Haugerud2, D.B. Booth3, and E.H. Brown4 Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Olympia, Washington, 98504 OPEN FILE REPORT 94-403 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S.Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. iu.S.G.S., Menlo Park, California 94025 2U.S.G.S., University of Washington, AJ-20, Seattle, Washington 98195 3SWMD, King County Department of Public Works, Seattle, Washington, 98104 ^Department of Geology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225 INTRODUCTION The Mount Baker 30- by 60-minute quadrangle encompasses rocks and structures that represent the essence of North Cascade geology. The quadrangle is mostly rugged and remote and includes much of the North Cascade National Park and several dedicated Wilderness areas managed by the U.S. Forest Service. Geologic exploration has been slow and difficult. In 1858 George Gibbs (1874) ascended the Skagit River part way to begin the geographic and geologic exploration of the North Cascades. In 1901, Reginald Daly (1912) surveyed the 49th parallel along the Canadian side of the border, and George Smith and Frank Calkins (1904) surveyed the United States' side. Daly's exhaustive report was the first attempt to synthesize what has become an extremely complicated geologic story. -
Geologic Map of the North Cascade Range, Washington by Ralph A
Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Division of Geology and Earth Resources, U.S. National Park Service, and U.S. Forest Service Geologic Map of the North Cascade Range, Washington By Ralph A. Haugerud and Rowland W. Tabor Nontechnical pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 2940 Looking south from the North Klawatti Glacier [Mbse]. In the right foreground, the glacier breaks into a heavily crevassed icefall where it descends steeply. Rock in the foreground knob is Eldorado Orthogneiss (unit TKgo), a 90 million-year-old stitching pluton, which here includes numerous dikes of light- colored pegmatite. Mount Buckner on the left skyline and Mount Forbidden hidden in clouds are also eroded from the Eldorado Orthogneiss (photographed in 1987). 2009 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey CONTENTS Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Using this report ....................................................................................................................................1 Map preparation ...................................................................................................................................1 Major sources of new data .................................................................................................................1 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................2 -
2009 Updated Comprehensive Plan
CITY OF CHELAN COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN Adopted: June 25, 1998 Updated: October 2009 Amended: September 2011 Mayor Robert Goedde City Council Cameron Morehouse Stan Morse Jenae Papé-Miller Tanya Greenfield Mike Cooney George Lingard Guy Harper Planning Commission Joe Collins Myrt Griffith Mark Tesch Ray Dobbs Thomas Warren Citizen Advisory Committee Members Bill Harrison, Chairman Mary Stutzman Dennis Evans Myrt Griffith Reynold Masters Gary Piro Del Sherman Jim Urness Lou Verellen Bob Watson Robert Yount Larry Deisher Staff James Reinbold - City Administrator Dwane VanEpps - Public Works Director Craig Gildroy - Community Development Director Chelan County Planning Department Revised 2009 ________________________________________________________Chelan Comprehensive Plan 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Page 3 Definitions Page 10 Land Use Element Page 18 Land Use Map Page 50 Economic Development Page 53 Housing Element Page 59 Capital Facilities Plan Element Page 86 Utilities Element Page 102 Transportation Element Page 108 APPENDICES: Appendix A: County Wide Planning Policies Appendix B: Inventory-Existing Land Use Appendix C: Residential Land Capacity Analysis Appendix D: Amendment Procedure Appendix E: Proposed Capital Expenditures Appendix F: City Buildings Inventory Appendix G: Residential Buildout for the City of Chelan Appendix H: Population Projections Appendix I: Economic Development Information Appendix J: City of Chelan Roadways Level of Service (LOS) Appendix K: 2007 Urban Growth Boundary Expansion Analysis MAPS: Map 1: -
North Cascades National Park I Mcallister Cutthroat Pass A
To Hope, B.C. S ka 40mi 64km gi t R iv er Chilliwack S il Lake v e CHILLIWACK LAKE SKAGIT VALLEY r MANNING - S k a g PROVINCIAL PARK PROVINCIAL PARK i PROVINCIAL PARK t Ross Lake R o a d British Columbia CANADA Washington Hozomeen UNITED STATES S i Hozomeen Mountain le Silver Mount Winthrop s Sil Hoz 8066ft ia ve o Castle Peak 7850ft Lake r m 2459m Cr 8306ft 2393m ee e k e 2532m MOUNT BAKER WILDERNESS Little Jackass n C Mount Spickard re Mountain T B 8979ft r e l e a k i ar R 4387ft Hozomeen Castle Pass 2737m i a e d l r C ou 1337m T r b Lake e t G e k Mount Redoubt lacie 4-wheel-drive k r W c 8969ft conditions east Jack i Ridley Lake Twin a l of this point 2734m P lo w er Point i ry w k Lakes l Joker Mountain e l L re i C ak 7603ft n h e l r C R Tra ee i C i Copper Mountain a e re O l Willow 2317m t r v e le n 7142ft T i R k t F a e S k s o w R Lake a 2177m In d S e r u e o C k h g d e u c r Goat Mountain d i b u i a Hopkins t C h 6890ft R k n c Skagit Peak Pass C 2100m a C rail Desolation Peak w r r T 6800ft li Cre e ave 6102ft er il ek e e Be 2073m 542 p h k Littl 1860m p C o Noo R C ks i n a Silver Fir v k latio k ck c e ee Deso e Ro Cree k r Cr k k l e il e i r B e N a r Trail a C To Glacier r r O T r C Thre O u s T e Fool B (U.S. -
Geologic Map of Washington - Northwest Quadrant
GEOLOGIC MAP OF WASHINGTON - NORTHWEST QUADRANT by JOE D. DRAGOVICH, ROBERT L. LOGAN, HENRY W. SCHASSE, TIMOTHY J. WALSH, WILLIAM S. LINGLEY, JR., DAVID K . NORMAN, WENDY J. GERSTEL, THOMAS J. LAPEN, J. ERIC SCHUSTER, AND KAREN D. MEYERS WASHINGTON DIVISION Of GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES GEOLOGIC MAP GM-50 2002 •• WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENTOF 4 r Natural Resources Doug Sutherland· Commissioner of Pubhc Lands Division ol Geology and Earth Resources Ron Telssera, Slate Geologist WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES Ron Teissere, State Geologist David K. Norman, Assistant State Geologist GEOLOGIC MAP OF WASHINGTON NORTHWEST QUADRANT by Joe D. Dragovich, Robert L. Logan, Henry W. Schasse, Timothy J. Walsh, William S. Lingley, Jr., David K. Norman, Wendy J. Gerstel, Thomas J. Lapen, J. Eric Schuster, and Karen D. Meyers This publication is dedicated to Rowland W. Tabor, U.S. Geological Survey, retired, in recognition and appreciation of his fundamental contributions to geologic mapping and geologic understanding in the Cascade Range and Olympic Mountains. WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES GEOLOGIC MAP GM-50 2002 Envelope photo: View to the northeast from Hurricane Ridge in the Olympic Mountains across the eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca to the northern Cascade Range. The Dungeness River lowland, capped by late Pleistocene glacial sedi ments, is in the center foreground. Holocene Dungeness Spit is in the lower left foreground. Fidalgo Island and Mount Erie, composed of Jurassic intrusive and Jurassic to Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Fidalgo Complex, are visible as the first high point of land directly across the strait from Dungeness Spit. -
Cumbing Notes 2000 Season
CUMBING NOTES 2000 SEASON NORTH CASCADES NATIONAL PARK 1999 Accidents: Nine Climbers Evacuated There were 22 incidents that gen erated response from search and res cue (SAR) crews in North Cascades National Park during 1999. Ten of North Cascades these involved significant effort and/ NationalPark or expense to find and evacuate nine rescueheloon climbers and one hiker from off-trail theLower approach areas or climbing routes. In Curds Glacier, Mt. Shuksan two incidents, the climbers were un with St Josephs aware of their location at the time of Med-Flighthelo rescue, likely attributable to 1999's tre in the mendous snowpack. Total unpro- backgrcxaid grammed or emergency cost to the National Park Service was $21,506. Five of the incidents are summarized below: the glacier. Overdue by one day, a next morning. In addition to the shoul search ensued and found the pair well June 19, Boston Basin/Sahale Peak der injury, the climber suffered a frac below treeline with a signal fire be A party of five was ascending Sahale tured orbit, lost teeth, and numerous tween branches of Shuksan Creek. Peak's west side when one climber pulled contusions. Both were uninjured, but lost, and had a loose rock onto himself, the rock strik ceased travel due to exhaustion from ing his head and causing him to fall 25 July 19, Mount Shuksan/ efforts to find the Shannon Creek feet. One arm became entangled in Shannon Ridge Road. rope, dislocating a shoulder. The group Two climbers, one with previous bivouaced the night on the peak, and Mount Shuksan climbing experience, July 29, Mount Blum used headlamps and a flare as a distress attempted a three-day trip via the Sul A party of two planned to climb signal.