Schopenhauer's Transcendental Problem Alex Enescu, Concordia
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Metempsychosis (Tanasukh) in Mulla Sadra's Thought*
METEMPSYCHOSIS (TANASUKH) IN MULLA SADRA'S THOUGHT* Shigeru KAMADA** I The idea of metempsychosis (tanasukh)(1) with its complicated manifesta- tions appeared in the various aspects of Islamic thought and gave rise to heated controversies on its position in the Islamic framework among Muslim scholars. The idea can be divided into two types.(2) The first is that on its separation from a body one's soul takes a different form by its new at- tachment to another body of a higher or a lower species according to one's conduct in the life just ended. This type is found in Indian and Greek thought, which may be termed as metempsychosis in a general sense. The second is that the divine soul permeates through and indwells in all or particular existents in the physical world, which may be termed as metempsychosis in a special sense. The latter type of the metempsychosis often finds its expression in extreme Shi'te thought (ghulat) and Islamic mysticism, the manner in which it appears is that the Imam inherits a spark of the divine light (nur ilahi) through his preceding prophets or Imams from the first prophet Adam, or embodies Divinity through the incarnation (hulul) of the divine spirit in him.(3) The idea of incarnation gave birth to a series of incarnationists condemned among Islamic mystics.(4) The main purpose of this paper is to clarify Mulla Sadra's concept of metempsychosis. Mulla Sadra (d. 1050/1640) was a mystic philosopher in Safavid Iran.(5) First we would like to survey the common understanding of metempsychosis in Islam before our reading of Mulla Sadra's text. -
Proverbs Chapter 1.Pdf
Proverbs Chapter 1 The book of proverbs has been known as the book of wisdom from the very beginning. Most of the writing of Proverbs has been credited to the pen of Solomon. God has given Solomon the wisdom to rule his people fairly. Proverbs is actually a book of instructions on how to live a life pleasing to God and how to be more peaceful with all of mankind. It is a wonderful book for people of all ages to study how to live moral, peaceful lives. The purpose of the book is for moral instructions on everyday living. The main topic is the fear of the Lord. In fact, the "Fear of the Lord" is mentioned fourteen times. Solomon's instructions were very good. He would have been better off if he had heeded his own instructions. Solomon, in his later life strayed from his own teaching. A "proverb" is a wise saying. It is similar to a parable in fact it bears a hidden message. Proverbs 1:1 "The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel;" We see that these wise sayings are of Solomon, who is the second son of David and Bath-sheba. David and Solomon were each king of Israel for forty years. The basic meaning of the Hebrew word for proverb is “comparison,” but it came to stand for a wide range of wise pronouncements including the byword lament and thought provoking sayings. In the Book of Proverbs, the word is used to refer to an aphorism or concise statement of a principle or to a discourse. -
Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil.Pdf
Leo Strauss Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil A course offered in 1971–1972 St. John’s College, Annapolis, Maryland Edited and with an introduction by Mark Blitz With the assistance of Jay Michael Hoffpauir and Gayle McKeen With the generous support of Douglas Mayer Mark Blitz is Fletcher Jones Professor of Political Philosophy at Claremont McKenna College. He is author of several books on political philosophy, including Heidegger’s Being and Time and the Possibility of Political Philosophy (Cornell University Press, 1981) and Plato’s Political Philosophy (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), and many articles, including “Nietzsche and Political Science: The Problem of Politics,” “Heidegger’s Nietzsche (Part I),” “Heidegger’s Nietzsche (Part II),” “Strauss’s Laws, Government Practice and the School of Strauss,” and “Leo Strauss’s Understanding of Modernity.” © 1976 Estate of Leo Strauss © 2014 Estate of Leo Strauss. All Rights Reserved Table of Contents Editor’s Introduction i–viii Note on the Leo Strauss Transcript Project ix–xi Editorial Headnote xi–xii Session 1: Introduction (Use and Abuse of History; Zarathustra) 1–19 Session 2: Beyond Good and Evil, Aphorisms 1–9 20–39 Session 3: BGE, Aphorisms 10–16 40–56 Session 4: BGE, Aphorisms 17–23 57–75 Session 5: BGE, Aphorisms 24–30 76–94 Session 6: BGE, Aphorisms 31–35 95–114 Session 7: BGE, Aphorisms 36–40 115–134 Session 8: BGE, Aphorisms 41–50 135–152 Session 9: BGE, Aphorisms 51–55 153–164 Session 10: BGE, Aphorisms 56–76 (and selections) 165–185 Session 11: BGE, Aphorisms 186–190 186–192 Session 12: BGE, Aphorisms 204–213 193–209 Session 13 (unrecorded) 210 Session 14: BGE, Aphorism 230; Zarathustra 211–222 Nietzsche, 1971–72 i Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil Mark Blitz Leo Strauss offered this seminar on Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil at St John’s College in Annapolis Maryland. -
A Monstrous Philosophy of Emotions Luke Currie*, Philosophy
Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal 14.1 (2019) ISSN: 2160-617X (online) blogs.uoregon.edu/ourj A Monstrous Philosophy of Emotions Luke Currie*, Philosophy ABSTRACT Through an analysis of Søren Kierkegaard’s Diapsalmata from the first Volume of Either/Or, a work which exhibits strikingly contemporary ways of thinking, this paper seeks to uncoVer the complex and paradoxical ways in which emotions inhabit a person. The urge to explicate the complexity of emotions arose from the author’s dissatisfaction with the rudimentary schematic used in daily life wherein emotions are categorized and hastily rationalized, misconstruing their greater complexity. Emotions are often irrational, contradictory, etc., and must be considered on those terms. Thus, concession of paradox is Vital in order to think through contradictory states of emotions. An aphorism from Pascal states that we are nothing but “lies, duplicity, and contradiction.” With this idea in mind, the essay proceeds to argue that the use of pseudonyms to create contradictions within Kierkegaard’s Diapsalmata show the Diapsalmata functioning as a “monstrous” philosophy of emotions. What is meant by “monstrous” differs from the colloquial use of the term and the essay’s particular usage is discussed with reference to Socrates and Typhon in Plato’s Phaedrus. The paper claims that Kierkegaard's thought as a whole is “monstrous” in the dissonance of the religious, comedic, ethical, ironic, and aesthetic stages he constructs in his broader philosophy. The monstrous philosophy of emotions deVeloped from the Diapsalmata is argued to have a “prefatory weight” on the question of Being, i.e. “why are there beings instead of nothing?” The way in which different emotions preface this question is briefly discussed. -
Metempsychosis in Aeneid Six Author(S): E
Metempsychosis in Aeneid Six Author(s): E. L. Harrison Reviewed work(s): Source: The Classical Journal, Vol. 73, No. 3 (Feb. - Mar., 1978), pp. 193-197 Published by: The Classical Association of the Middle West and South Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3296685 . Accessed: 12/02/2013 21:07 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Classical Association of the Middle West and South is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Classical Journal. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Tue, 12 Feb 2013 21:07:57 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions METEMPSYCHOSISIN AENEID SIX The purposeof this note is to suggest that, in orderto understandmore clearly the lines in which Virgil preparesthe way for his paradeof heroes in Book Six (679-755), we need to appreciatethe difficulties presentedby the introduction of such an episode, and consider how he handled them.' Although we can only surmise, it seems highly probablethat, influencedby the practice at the funerals of prominentRomans of having relatives walk in processionwearing portrait-masks of the dead man's ancestors,2Virgil decided to stage a similar spectacle on a granderscale, including in its scope the great figures of Rome's past. -
Reincarnation
Reincarnation Swami Abhedananda The Project Gutenberg EBook of Reincarnation, by Swami Abhedananda Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission. Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Title: Reincarnation Author: Swami Abhedananda Release Date: January, 2005 [EBook #7377] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on April 22, 2003] Edition: 10 Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REINCARNATION *** Produced by Dave Maddock, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. VEDANTA PHILOSOPHY FIVE LECTURES ON REINCARNATION BY SWAMI ABHEDANANDA _Author of "India and her People", "Self-Knowledge", "How to be a Yogi", "Divine Heritage of Man", etc._ CONTENTS I.--REINCARNATION II.--HEREDITY AND REINCARNATION III.--EVOLUTION AND REINCARNATION IV.--WHICH IS SCIENTIFIC, RESURRECTION OR REINCARNATION? V.--THEORY OF TRANSMIGRATION I. -
Stages of the Afterlife Journey by Rav Dovber Pinson IYYUN Center for Jewish Spirituality
A GLIMPSE INTO THE AFTERLIFE Part 4: Stages of the Afterlife Journey by Rav DovBer Pinson IYYUN Center for Jewish Spirituality The following are excerpts from the book by Rav Pinson; Jewish Wisdom on the Afterlife: The Mysteries, the Myths, the Meanings. Gan Eden-Gehenom: Dybbuk-Attachment: Gehenom stems from the words gai henom – the val - Dybbuk is relatively a modern Hebrew term for dia - ley of Henom. bolical possession, ruach rah – bad spirit, or otherwise Henom was a gorge just outside Jerusalem which in known as metempsychosis. biblical times various groups of pagan Canaanites of - fered human sacrifices there. Later on, during King Ibbur vs. Dybbuk: David’s rule the pagan alters were destroyed and it soon became a dumping ground where the cities waste The concept of dybbuk – attachment ought not be was burned. confused with the more positive soul visitation of ibbur - impregnation. Gehenom is the absence of light, not because the Cre - ators light is not present, rather for the light is to pow - Chibut Hakever- Pounding the Grave: erful to be appreciated by its dis-aligned spiritually estranged habitants. As the body begins to putrefy the nefesh, the bioener - Hell is a transitory condition where a soul is not yet getic aspect of soul experiences a cleansing pain which equipped to absorb the bright lights of heaven. purifies the soul of all bodily based negativity. A tzadik’s gan eden is a rasha’s gehenom. Coarse, unrefined ‘grime’ that has become attached is disposed of via chibut ha’kever. Most opinions, how - Ketones Posim, p. -
Introduction to the Afterlife
A Traveler’s Guide to the Afterlife A Bible Literacy Study Guide on the Eternal Destiny of the Individual Dr. Timothy Gordon Introduction to the Afterlife Copyright © 2004-2021 Tim Gordon. All Rights Reserved. 1 Introduction to the Afterlife • Afterlife Series, Book Cover and Diagram • Afterlife Definitions • Eschatology Defined • Millennial Views • Significant Scriptures • Common Questions • Christian Beliefs About the Afterlife • George Barna on the Afterlife • Salvation, Faith, and Merit • Is There Life After Death? • Afterlife as a Belief • Afterlife as an Individual or Collective Existence • Afterlife as Reward or Punishment • Abrahamic (Monotheistic) Religions • The Dead as Angels in Heaven • Unimportance of Mortal Life • Doomsday • Afterlife in Modern Science • Afterlife as Reincarnation • The Afterlife and Science Fiction • New Age Beliefs • Universalism • History of Afterlife Beliefs • Questions for Discussion • References Copyright © 2004-2021 Tim Gordon. All Rights Reserved. 2 A Traveler’s Guide to the Afterlife • Introduction to the Afterlife • Death and the Mortality of Man • The Immortality of the Soul • The Intermediate State of the Dead • The Second Coming of Christ • The Resurrection of the Body • The Day of Judgment and Rewards • Hell and Eternal Destruction • Heaven and Eternal Life Copyright © 2004-2021 Tim Gordon. All Rights Reserved. 3 Copyright © 2004-2021 Tim Gordon. All Rights Reserved. 4 Copyright © 2004-2021 Tim Gordon. All Rights Reserved. 5 Afterlife Definitions • A generic term referring to a continuation of existence, typically spiritual, experiential, or ghost-like, beyond this world, or after death. • Continuation of conscious personal existence after death. • For Christians, the hope for life after death rests on God's promise of the resurrection of the body, though personal existence continues between death and the resurrection in some "intermediate state," in which those who are saved are with God. -
The Book Proverbs
Supplemental Notes: The Book of Proverbs compiled by Chuck Missler © 2006 Koinonia House Inc. Audio Listing Proverbs 1-4 Introduction. Wisdom and Folly. The Path of Wisdom. Proverbs 5-9 Sexual Purity. Good Business Practices. God’s Hate List. The Lure of the Harlot. The Path to Destruction. Proverbs 10-14 The Main Collection of Solomon’s Proverbs. The Most Painful Sin: Acknowledgments Gossip. These notes have been assembled from speaking notes and related materials which had been compiled from a number of classic and Proverbs 15-19 contemporary commentaries and other sources detailed in the bibliog- raphy, as well as other articles and publications of Koinonia House. The Main Collection of Solomon’s Proverbs. The Godly Tongue vs. the While we have attempted to include relevant end notes and other Evil Tongue. Right Use of Words vs. Wrong Use of Words. references, we apologize for any errors or oversights. Proverbs 20-24 The complete recordings of the sessions, as well as supporting dia- grams, maps, etc., are also available in various audiovisual formats from Dangers of Intoxication. The Sayings of the Wise Men. the publisher. Proverbs 25-29 Hezekiah’s Collection of Solomon’s Proverbs. Proverb 30 The Words of Agur. What’s in a Name? Proverb 31 The Words of Lemuel’s Mother. Tribute to the Godly, Dedicated Woman. Page 2 Page 3 The Book of Proverbs Session 1 Authorship Chapters 1 - 4 Solomon lived five hundred years before the “seven wise men” of Greece, and seven hundred before the age of Socrates, Plato, and Wisdom Literature Aristotle. -
The Metaphysics of Personhood in Plato's Dialogues
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Philosophy Philosophy 2017 The Metaphysics of Personhood in Plato's Dialogues Daniel T. Sheffler University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-2679 Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2017.142 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Sheffler, Daniel T., "The Metaphysics of Personhood in Plato's Dialogues" (2017). Theses and Dissertations--Philosophy. 16. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/philosophy_etds/16 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Philosophy by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. -
Literary Aphorisms As an Element of Linguistic Art (On the Example of Erkin Azam's Work)
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 7, Issue 06, 2020 Literary Aphorisms As An Element Of Linguistic Art (On The Example Of Erkin Azam's Work) Jumaniyozova Muxabbat Matrasulovna, Rahimova Laylo Muminjonovna, Haitboyeva Sevara Komildjanovna, Abdullaeva Shohista Amatchonovna, Jumaniyozova Oygul Boltaevna Lecturer, Department of Interfaculty Foreign Languages, Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan. E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract: The article speaks about the character, scale and level of aphorisms which require understanding of the content of a literary prose. It is known that the linguistic art of literary production consists of a number of components and forms a definite system. One of them it is the term named in science aphorism which is widely used in oral and written works as a type of art performing different artistic and aesthetic functions. The role of aphorisms is great in the language of literary prose. Aphorism is a relatively broad term, which summarizes the concepts of parables, sayings, expressions and wise views. Keywords: aphorism, talent, literary, imagery, structure, style, meaning, artistic, reality, folk proverbs, protagonist, wise sayings, essence, specific, interpretation, content, theme Introduction An aphorism is a relatively broad term that summarizes the concepts of proverb, parable, interpretation, and wise saying that express the idea of wisdom. Its main feature is the concise artistic expression of a wise, exemplary thought, in which the expression, not the image, is the leader of meaning. This concept, which is common to all time and space and is universal, is divided into two groups - oral (folk) aphorisms and literary aphorisms: “the first - oral aphorisms express the opinion of the people, the majority about this, that person or event as a firm judgment, and literary aphorisms represents the ideas of individual creators about individuals, things, or events”. -
Women in Early Pythagoreanism
Women in Early Pythagoreanism Caterina Pellò Faculty of Classics University of Cambridge Clare Hall February 2018 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Alla nonna Ninni, che mi ha insegnato a leggere e scrivere Abstract Women in Early Pythagoreanism Caterina Pellò The sixth-century-BCE Pythagorean communities included both male and female members. This thesis focuses on the Pythagorean women and aims to explore what reasons lie behind the prominence of women in Pythagoreanism and what roles women played in early Pythagorean societies and thought. In the first chapter, I analyse the social conditions of women in Southern Italy, where the first Pythagorean communities were founded. In the second chapter, I compare Pythagorean societies with ancient Greek political clubs and religious sects. Compared to mainland Greece, South Italian women enjoyed higher legal and socio-political status. Similarly, religious groups included female initiates, assigning them authoritative roles. Consequently, the fact that the Pythagoreans founded their communities in Croton and further afield, and that in some respects these communities resembled ancient sects helps to explain why they opened their doors to the female gender to begin with. The third chapter discusses Pythagoras’ teachings to and about women. Pythagorean doctrines did not exclusively affect the followers’ way of thinking and public activities, but also their private way of living. Thus, they also regulated key aspects of the female everyday life, such as marriage and motherhood. I argue that the Pythagorean women entered the communities as wives, mothers and daughters. Nonetheless, some of them were able to gain authority over their fellow Pythagoreans and engage in intellectual activities, thus overcoming the female traditional domestic roles.